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9676156044	diction	writer's choice of words	0
9676173020	lexicon	vocabulary of a person, language, or branch of knowledge	1
9676216059	denotation	literal, or "dictionary", meaning of a word as defined	2
9676230623	connotation	implied or suggested meaning of a word because of its association in the reader's mind	3
9676240646	jargon	special language of a profession or a group, usually has pejorative (negative) associations in that it is excludes "outsiders" - common to law, medicine, and academia	4
9676252846	colloquialism	word or phrase used in everyday conversation and informal writing but that is often inappropriate in formal writing	5
9676267700	slang	informal nonstandard variety of speech characterized by newly-coined and rapidly changing words and phrases	6
9676286594	vernacular	everyday or common language of a geographic are or the native language of the commoners in a country	7
9676311827	verbal irony	words literally state the opposite of the speaker's true meaning	8
9676329572	situational irony	events turn out the opposite of what was expected	9
9676357131	sarcasm	sometimes harsh, caustic remarks to or about someone or something; less tactful than verbal irony	10
9676369076	satire	work that reveals a critical attitude towards some element of human behavior by portraying it in an extreme way, typically targeting groups or concepts rather than individuals	11
9676386872	stereotype	character who represents a trait usually attributed to a particular social or racial group and who lacks individuality	12
9676407923	anecdote	short narrative of an incident, often used for humorous effect	13
9676417484	aphorism	short, often witty statement of a principle or a truth about life	14
9676572700	euphemism	more acceptable or pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable, often used to obscure or lessen the reality of a situation	15
9676611529	syllogism	format of a formal argument that consists of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion	16
9676638613	oversimplification	obscures or denies the complexity of an issue	17
9676663010	rhetorical question	posed by a writer or speaker to provoke silent reflection by the audience	18
9676678034	juxtaposition	act or instance of placing two elements close together or side by side to compare/contrast; in literature, this occurs when two images that are not otherwise commonly brought together appear side by side or structurally close together, forcing to reconsider any possible implied meaning	19
9676692441	antithesis	two contrasting images are presented in balanced words, phrases, clauses, or paragraphs.	20
9677106715	paradox	statement that seems to contradict itself but that turns out to have a rational meaning	21
9677116008	parallelism	technique of arranging words, phrases, clauses, or larger structures side by side and making them similar in form	22
9677127484	synecdoche	figure of speech by which a part is used to represent the whole, the whole for a part, or the name of the material for the thing made	23
9677147732	anaphora	repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of every clause	24
9677161228	metonmy	name of one object is substituted for that of another closely related to it	25
9677169581	allegory	literary situation in which characters and events are symbols that stand for ideas about human life or for a political or historical situation	26
9677180909	epistrophe	repetition of a concluding word or word endings at the end of successive clauses	27
9677192885	personification	giving human characteristics to inanimate objects	28
9677203929	hyperbole	use of deliberate exaggeration in order to create emphasis or humor	29

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AP Language and Composition Exam Set Flashcards

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6737176580	English	English	0
6737176581	adage	a proverb or wise saying commonly used (ex: Things are not always as they seem.)	1
6737176582	allegory	a story in which people, things and happenings have a hidden or symbolic meaning.(fables, parables, apologue have meanings on two or more levels.)	2
6737176583	alliteration	words used in quick succession and begin with letters belonging to the same sound group; a repetition of similar sounds/letters in the sentence. (Wicked witch of the west went her own way.)	3
6737176584	allusion	a passing reference to a commonly-known historical, cultural, religious, literary, or mythical person, place, event, or work of art, whereby the reader must make the connection within the current text.	4
6737176585	ambiguity	multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, passage or sentence; can lead reader toward uncertainty of meaning	5
6737176586	analogy	establishing a relationship based on similarities between two concepts or ideas; helps convey meaning of a new idea	6
6737176587	anaphora	the deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect; most commonly found in the Bible (O Lord,.for I am weak.O Lord, heal me. O Lord, have mercy on me.)	7
6737176588	anecdote	short and interesting story or an amusing event often proposed to support or demonstrate some point and make readers and listeners laugh; Anecdotes can include an extensive range of tales and stories	8
6737176589	antecedent	word, phrase, or clause that is replaced by a pronoun	9
6737176590	antimetabole	repetition of words in reverse grammatical order; Ex: "Fair is foul and foul is fair."	10
6737176591	antithesis	parallel structures of the contrasted phrases or clauses, i.e. the structures of phrases and clauses are similar in order to draw the attention of the listeners or readers; Ex: "One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."	11
6737176592	apostrophe	speaker talks to someone or something that is obviously not present	12
6737176593	appositive	a renaming of a noun or noun phrase immediately after first stating the noun	13
6737176594	archetype	A detail, image, or character type that occurs frequently in literature and myth and is thought to appeal in a universal way to the unconscious and to evoke a response	14
6737176595	argument	a statement put forth and supported by evidence	15
6737176596	asyndeton	author purposely leaves out conjunctions in the sentence, while maintaining the grammatical accuracy of the phrase; shortening the statement for greater impact; "Reduce, reuse, recycle."	16
6737176597	audience	those to whom a piece of literary work is being presented	17
6737176598	cacophony	Tremendous noise, disharmonious sound	18
6737176599	characterization	Actions, dialogue, and narrative description that reveal a sense of a character's personality to the reader.	19
6737176600	circumlocution	an indirect or wordy way of expressing an idea which leaves the reader perplexed; exaggeratedly long and complex sentences in order to convey a meaning that could have otherwise been conveyed through a shorter, much simpler sentence	20
6737176601	climax	that point in a plot that creates the greatest intensity, suspense, or interest. Also called "turning point"	21
6737176602	colloquial	Characteristic of ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing	22
6737176603	concession	An argumentative strategy by which a speaker or writer acknowledges the validity of an opponent's point.	23
6737176604	conceit	A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects; unusual and unlikely comparisons between two things	24
6737176605	connotation	associations people make with words that go beyond the literal or dictionary definition	25
6737176606	context	The parts before or after a word or statement that influence its meaning	26
6737176607	counter argument	an argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument.	27
6737176608	cumulative sentence	a sentence in which the main independent clause is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases	28
6737176609	denotation	Dictionary definition of a word; literal meaning	29
6737176610	denouement	an outcome or solution; the unraveling of a plot	30
6737176611	detail	The facts revealed by the author or speaker that support the attitude or tone in a piece of poetry or prose.	31
6737176612	diction	A writer's or speaker's choice of words	32
6737176613	elegy	a mournful, melancholy, or plaintive poem, especially a funeral song or a lament for the dead.	33
6737176614	ellipsis	in a sentence, the omission of a word or words replaced by three periods ...	34
6737176615	epic	A long narrative poem, written in heightened language, which recounts the deeds of a heroic character who embodies the values of a particular society	35
6737176616	ethos	One of the fundamental strategies of argumentation identified by Aristotle. Ethos is basically an appeal to credibility. The writer is seeking to convince you that he or she has the background, history, skills, and/or expertise to speak on the issue.	36
6737176617	euphemism	From the Greek for "good speech," euphemisms are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept - POLITICALLY CORRECT	37
6737176618	exposition	Background information presented in a literary work.	38
6737176619	foreshadowing	Foreshadowing is used to suggest an upcoming outcome to the story; builds suspense/anxiety	39
6737176620	genre	A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.	40
6737176621	horative sentence	Sentence that exhorts, urges, retreats, implores, or calls to action;	41
6737176622	hyperbole	A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. (The literal Greek meaning is "overshoot.") Hyperboles often have a comic effect; however, a serious effect is also possible. Often, hyperbole produces irony.	42
6737176623	imagery	use of words and phrases to create "mental images" for the reader; helps the reader visualize more realistically the author's writings through the usage of metaphors, allusions, descriptive words and similes	43
6737176624	imperative sentences	gives a command or request; often subject is understood and sentence ends with !	44
6737176625	inversion	A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject.	45
6737176626	verbal irony	Sarcasm; what is said is the opposite of what is meant	46
6737176627	juxtaposition	placing an idea next to its opposite to emphasize contrast and comparison	47
6737176628	Litotes	an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite. Ex: "Not bad" looking	48
6737176629	logos	An appeal to reason. Logos is one of the fundamental strategies of argumentation identified by Aristotle. It occurs when a writer tries to convince you of the logic of his argument. writers may use inductive argumentation or deductive argumentation, but they clearly have examples and generally rational tome to their language. The problem with logos is that is can appear reasonable until you dissect the argument and then find fallacies that defeat the viability of the argument on the reader's eyes. Of course, that presupposes that the readers is able to identify the fallacies.	49
6737176630	metaphor	A figurative comparison of two unlike things without using the word like or as	50
6737176631	metonymy	(mĕtŏn′ ĭmē) A term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name," metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. For example, a news release that claims "the White House declared" rather than "the President declared" is using metonymy; Shakespeare uses it to signify the male and female sexes in As You Like It: "doublet and hose ought to show itself courageous to petticoat." The substituted term generally carries a more potent emotional impact.	51
6737176632	mood	Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader; using specific diction, description, setting, and characterization to create the atmosphere	52
6737176633	motif	A recurring theme, subject or idea	53
6737176634	myth	a traditional story, especially one concerning the early history of a people or explaining some natural or social phenomenon, and typically involving supernatural beings or events.	54
6737176635	narrative	a fiction, nonfiction, poetic, or dramatic story, actual or fictional, expressed orally or in text.	55
6737176636	non sequitur	A statement that does not follow logically from evidence	56
6737176637	occasion	the time and place a speech is given or a piece is written	57
6737176638	onomatopoeia	A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. Ex: buzz, hiss, hum, crack, whinny, and murmur.	58
6737176639	organization	In a composition, the arrangement of ideas, incidents, evidence, or details in a perceptible order in a paragraph or essay.	59
6737176640	oxymoron	A figure of speech consisting of two apparently contradictory terms; The richest literary oxymora(paradoxes) seem to reveal a deeper truth through their contradictions. Ex: "without laws, we can have no freedom." Shakespeare's Julius Caesar also makes use of a famous oxymoron: "Cowards die many times before their deaths"	60
6737176641	pace	Speed with which the author delivers the story controlled by language, mood, emotion played out in speech, dialogue, descriptions.	61
6737176642	parable	A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson	62
6737176643	paradox	A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.	63
6737176644	parallel structure	repetition of the same pattern of words or phrases within a sentence or passage to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance.	64
6737176645	parody	A humorous or satirical imitation of a serious piece of literature or writing	65
6737176646	pastoral	A work of literature dealing with rural life	66
6737176647	pathos	An appeal to emotion. This is one of the fundamental strategies of argumentation identified by Aristotle. Typically, pathos arguments may use loaded words to make you feel guilty, lonely, worried, insecure, or confused.	67
6737176648	periodic sentence	The opposite of loose sentence, a sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. This independent clause is preceded by a phrase or clause that cannot stand alone. The effect of a periodic sentence is to add emphasis and structural variety. It is also a much stronger sentence than the loose sentence. (Example: After a long, bumpy flight and multiple delays, I arrived at the San Diego airport.)	68
6737176649	persona	An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.	69
6737176650	personification	author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions.	70
6737176651	point of view	Perspective from which a story is told; omniscient point of view= the person telling the story or narrator knows everything that's going on in the story; first- person point of view the narrator is a character in the story; limited third-person point of view the narrator is outside the story- like an omniscient narrator- but tells the story from the vantage point of one character."	71
6737176652	polemic	a controversial argument, esp. attacking a particular opinion	72
6737176653	propaganda	A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information.	73
6737176654	prose	written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure.	74
6737176655	purpose	One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing.	75
6737176656	refutation	The part of an argument wherein a speaker or writer anticipates and counters opposing points of view.	76
6737176657	repetition	Repeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis	77
6737176658	rhetoric	From the Greek for "orator," this term describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively.	78
6737176659	rhetorical appeals	Rhetorical techniques used to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most important or compelling. The three major appeals are to ethos (character), logos (reason), and pathos (emotion).	79
6737176660	rhetorical question	A question whose answer is assumed; a rhetorical question is designed to force the reader to respond in a predetermined manner and to propel an argument emotionally.	80
6737176661	rhetorical triangle	A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience ex:Aristotelian triangle	81
6737176662	satire	A work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of human behavior by portraying it in an extreme way. It doesn't simply abuse (as in invective) or get personal (as in sarcasm). It targets groups or large concepts rather than individuals.	82
6737176663	simile	A comparison of two things using like or as	83
6737176664	soliloquy	A dramatic or literary form of discourse in which a character talks to himself or herself or reveals his or her thoughts without addressing a listener.	84
6737176665	symbolism	An ordinary object with an extraordinary significance	85
6737176666	synecdoche	A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole (as hand for sailor), the whole for a part (as the law for police officer), the specific for the general (as cutthroat for assassin), the general for the specific (as thief for pickpocket), or the material for the thing made from it (as steel for sword).	86
6737176667	syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.	87
6737176668	syntax	Language rules that govern how words can be combined to form meaningful phrases and sentences	88
6737176669	thesis	Focus statement of an essay; premise statement upon which the point of view or discussion in the essay is based.	89
6737176670	tone	A writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels.	90
6737176671	transition	A word or phrase that links one idea to the next and carries the reader from sentence to sentence, paragraph to paragraph	91
6737176672	voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	92
6737176673	zeugma	Artfully using a single verb to refer to two different objects in an ungrammatical but striking way, or artfully using an adjective to refer to two separate nouns, even though the adjective would logically only be appropriate for one of the two. Ex:"If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately!"	93

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AP Language Vocab List #5 Flashcards

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7342499174	Absolution	forgiveness; pardon; release	0
7342499175	Blatant	Obvious	1
7342499176	Creditable	praiseworthy	2
7342499177	Esconce	To establish firmly in a position	3
7342499178	Hasten	hurry; accelerate; rush	4
7342499179	Laceration	a cut	5
7342499180	Obdurate	stubborn	6
7342499181	Plausible	can be believed; reasonable	7
7342499182	Repreive	a respite; postponement of a sentence	8
7342499183	Tawdry	of little value; gaudy	9

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AP Language and Composition Rhetorical Terms Flashcards

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8687897379	Abstract	refers to language that describes concepts rather than concrete images ( ideas and qualities rather than observable or specific things, people, or places). The observable or "physical" is usually described in concrete language. EXAMPLE: sadness or happiness are abstract terms because different images pop into the head and one is unable to define them.	0
8687948423	Ad Hominem	In an argument, this is an attack on the person rather than on the opponent's ideas. It comes from the Latin meaning "against the man." EXAMPLE: A politician degrading another politician during a political campaign when asked about a specific policy - "Well, I think we need to look at the other candidate's failures regarding this topic."	1
8687965198	Allegory	an extended narrative in prose or verse in which characters, events, and settings represent abstract qualities and in which the writer intends a second meaning to be read beneath the surface of the story; the underlying meaning may be moral, religious, political, social, or satiric. EXAMPLE: aerie Queene by Edmund Spenser is a religious or moral allegory where characters represent virtues and vices.	2
8687978405	Alliteration	repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words that are close to one another. EXAMPLE: Mickey Mouse; Donald Duck	3
8687986283	Allusion	a reference to a well-known person, place, or thing from literature, history, etc. EXAMPLE: Eden	4
8688000771	Analogy	Comparison of two similar but different things, usually to clarify an action or a relationship, such as comparing the work of a heart to that of a pump. An analogy is a comparison to a directly parallel case. EXAMPLE:Life is like a box of chocolates - you never know what you're gonna get!	5
8688024099	Anaphora	Repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. This is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer's point more coherent. EXAMPLE: "There was the delight I caught in seeing long straight rows. There was the faint, cool kiss of sensuality. There was the vague sense of the infinite"	6
8688038587	Anecdote	a short, simple narrative of an incident; often used for humorous effect or to make a point. EXAMPLE: At the beginning of a speech about fire safety, the speaker tells a short cautionary tale about a serious injury that occurred as a result of not following protocol.	7
8688049530	Annotation	Explanatory notes added to a text to explain, cite sources, or give bibliographical data. EXAMPLES: Anxiety Disorder. (2013). NIMH Website. Retrieved from: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml?wvsessionid=wv650bd43245ce405884dd789794894544	8
8688063976	Antithesis	the presentation of two contrasting images. The ideas are balanced by word, phrase, clause, or paragraphs. EXAMPLE: "To be or not to be..." "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country...."	9
8688072094	Aphorism	a short, often witty statement of a principle or a truth about life EXAMPLE: "Early bird gets the worm."	10
8688078936	Apostrophe	usually in poetry but sometimes in prose; the device of calling out to an imaginary, dead, or absent person or to a place, thing, or personified abstraction	11
8688096249	argumentation	writing that attempts to prove the validity of a point of view or an idea by presenting reasoned arguments; persuasive writing is a form of argumentation	12
8688108607	assonance	repetition of vowel sounds between different consonants EXAMPLES: Hear the mellow wedding bells	13
8688126661	assyndeton	Commas used (with no conjunction) to separate a series of words. The parts are emphasized equally when the conjunction is omitted; in addition, the use of commas with no intervening conjunction speeds up the flow of the sentence. Asyndeton takes the form of X, Y, Z as opposed to X, Y, and Z.	14
8688134997	cacophony	harsh, awkward, or dissonant sounds used deliberately in poetry or prose; the opposite of euphony. EXAMPLE: And being no stranger to the art of war, I have him a description of cannons, culverins, muskets, carabines, pistols, bullets, powder, swords, bayonets, battles, sieges, retreats, attacks, undermines, countermines, bombardments, sea-fights...	15
8688163572	caricature	descriptive writing that greatly exaggerates a specific feature of a person's appearance or a faced of personality. EXAMPLE: In medieval times, the perfect man was strong, an expert warrior, and skilled at horsemanship. In the movie, King Arthur and his knights often ran away from a fight.	16
8688177542	colloquialism	a word or phrase (including slang) used in everyday conversation and informal writing but that is often inappropriate in formal writing EXAMPLE: y'all, ain't	17
8688182743	coherence	quality of a piece of writing in which all the parts contribute to the development of the central idea, theme, or organizing principle	18
8688202014	concrete language	Language that describes specific, observable things, people, or places, rather than ideas or qualities. EXAMPLES: The apple was blood-red	19
8688210345	connotation	implied or suggested meaning of a word because of its association in the reader's mind. EXAMPLE: Wall Street has the positive connotation of wealth due to its history as being extremely important	20
8688225690	consonance	epetition of identical consonant sounds within two or more words in close proximity, as in boost/best; it can also be seen within several compound words EXAMPLE: fulfill and ping-pong	21
8688230528	conundrum	a riddle whose answer is or involves a pun; it may also be a paradox or difficult problem EXAMPLE: What is it that leaps and runs and has no feet? A ball	22
8688253040	deduction	he process of moving from a general rule to a specific example EXAMPLE: Since all humans are mortal, and I am a human, then I am mortal.	23
8688265388	denotation	literal meaning of a word as defined EXAMPLE: an apple has the denotation of a red fruit that grows on trees	24
8688272276	description	the picturing in words of something or someone through detailed observation of color, motion, sound, taste, smell, and touch; one of the four modes of discourse	25
8688276152	diction	word choice, an element of style; Diction creates tone, attitude, and style, as well as meaning. Different types and arrangements of words have significant effects on meaning. An essay written in academic diction would be much less colorful, but perhaps more precise than street slang.	26
8688281875	didactic	writing whose purpose is to instruct or to teach. A didactic work is usually formal and focuses on moral or ethical concerns. Didactic writing may be fiction or nonfiction that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model of correct behavior or thinking.	27
8688293326	discourse	spoken or written language, including literary works; the four traditionally classified modes of discourse are description, exposition, narration, and persuasion.	28
8688300658	dissonance	harsh or grating sounds that do not go together EXAMPLE: The clinching interlocking claws, a living, fierce, gyrating wheel	29
8688311472	dramatic irony	When the reader is aware of an inconsistency between a fictional or nonfictional character's perception of a situation and the truth of that situation.	30
8688314902	emotional appeal	When a writer appeals to readers' emotions (often through pathos) to excite and involve them in the argument.	31
8688318261	epigraph	the use of a quotation at the beginning of a work that hints at its theme. EXAMPLE: Hemingway begins The Sun Also Rises with two epigraphs. One of them is "You are all a lost generation" by Gertrude Stein.	32
8688325770	ethical appeal	When a writer tries to persuade the audience to respect and believe him or her based on a presentation of image of self through the text. Reputation is sometimes a factor in ethical appeal, but in all cases the aim is to gain the audience's confidence.	33
8688329250	euphemism	a more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable. "He went to his final reward" is a common euphemism for "he died." Euphemisms are also often used to obscure the reality of a situation. The military uses "collateral damage" to indicate civilian deaths in a military operation.	34
8688335582	euphony	a succession of harmonious sounds used in poetry or prose; the opposite of cacophony EXAMPLE: Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness	35
8688349566	examples	An individual instance taken to be representative of a general pattern. Arguing by example is considered reliable if examples are demonstrable true or factual as well as relevant.	36
8688352580	explication	The art of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text. Explication usually involves close reading and special attention to figurative language.	37
8688355030	exposition	the immediate revelation to the audience of the setting and other background information necessary for understanding the plot; also, explanation; one of the four modes of discourse	38
8688359691	extended metaphor	a sustained comparison, often referred to as a conceit. The extended metaphor is developed throughout a piece of writing	39
8688364224	false analogy	When two cases are not sufficiently parallel to lead readers to accept a claim of connection between them.	40
8688366829	figurative language	language that contains figures of speech, such as similes and metaphors, in order to create associations that are imaginative rather than literal.	41
8688369994	figures of speech	expressions, such as similes, metaphors, and personifications, that make imaginative, rather than literal, comparisons or associations.	42
8688375543	foreshadowing	the use of a hint or clue to suggest a larger event that occurs late in the work	43
8688379410	freight-train	Sentence consisting of three or more very short independent clauses joined by conjunctions.	44
8688383030	generalization	When a writer bases a claim upon an isolated example or asserts that a claim is certain rather than probable. Sweeping generalizations occur when a writer asserts that a claim applies to all instances instead of some.	45
8688387450	genre	a type of literary work, such as a novel or poem; there are also subgenres, such as science fiction or sonnet, within the larger genres	46
8688392301	hubris	the excessive pride of ambition that leads a tragic hero to disregard warnings of impending doom, eventually causing his or her downfall.	47
8688397543	humor	anything that causes laughter or amusement; up until the end of the Renaissance, humor meant a person's temperament	48
8688402357	hyperbole	deliberate exaggeration in order to create humor or emphasis (Example: He was so hungry he could have eaten a horse.)	49
8689833491	Image	A word or words, either figurative or literal, used to describe a sensory experience or an object perceived by the sense. An image is always a concrete representation.	50
8689833492	Imagery	words or phrases that use a collection of images to appeal to one or more of the five senses in order to create a mental picture	51
8689833493	Induction	the process that moves from a given series of specifics to a generalization	52
8689833494	Infrence	a logical intrepretation based on prior knowladge or expierence	53
8689833495	interior monologue	writing that records the conversation that occurs inside a character's head	54
8689833496	invective	Verbally abusive attack	55
8689833497	Inversion	reversing the customary (subject first, then verb, then complement) order of elements in a sentence or phrase; it is used effectively in many cases, such as posing a question: "Are you going to the store?" Usually, the element that appears first is emphasized more than the subject.	56
8689833498	Irony	situation or statement in which the actual outcome or meaning is opposite to what was expected.	57
8689945637	Jargon	The special language of a profession or group. The term jargon usually has pejorative associations, with the implication that jargon is evasive, tedious, and unintelligible to outsiders. The writings of the lawyer and the literary critic are both susceptible to jargon.	58
8689945638	Logic	the process of reasoning	59
8689945639	logical fallacy	a mistake in reasoning	60
8689945640	lyrical	Songlike; characterized by emotions, subjectivity, and imagination.	61
8689945641	Metaphor	figure of speech in which one thing is referred to as another; for example, "my love is a fragile flower"	62
8689945642	Metonymy	a figure of speech that uses the name of an object, person, or idea to represent something with which it is associated, such as using "the crown" to refer to a monarch ; Also, "The pen is mightier than the sword."	63
8689945643	Mode	the method or form of a literary work; the manner in which a work of literature is written	64
8689945644	Mood	similar to tone, mood is the primary emotional attitude of a work (the feeling of the work; the atmosphere). Syntax is also a determiner of mood because sentence strength, length, and complexity affect pacing.	65
8689945645	Moral	The lesson drawn from a fictional or nonfictional story. It can also mean a heavily didactic story.	66
8689945646	Motif	main theme or subject of a work that is elaborated on in the development of the piece; a repeated pattern or idea	67
8689945647	Narration	the telling of a story in fiction, nonfiction, poetry, or drama; one of the four modes of discourse	68
8689945648	Negative-Positive	Sentence that begins by stating what is NOT true, then ending by stating what is true	69
8689945649	non sequitur	Latin for "it does not follow." When one statement isn't logically connected to another	70
8690046632	Objectivity	an impersonal presentation of events and characters. It is a writer's attempt to remove himself or herself from any subjective, personal involvement in a story. Hard news journalism is frequently prized for its objectivity, although even fictional stories can be told without a writer rendering personal judgment.	71
8690046633	Onomonopia	The use of words or sounds which resemble the sounds they describe. (ex boom, psst)	72
8690046634	Oversimplification	When a writer obscures or denies the complexity of the issues in an argument	73
8690046635	Oxymoron	a figure of speech composed of contradictory words or phrases, such as "wise fool," bitter-sweet," "pretty ugly," "jumbo shrimp," "cold fire"	74
8690046636	Pacing	the movement of a literary piece from one point or one section to another	75
8690046637	Parable	a short tale that teaches a moral; similar to but shorter than an allegory	76
8690046638	Paradox	a statement that seems to contradict itself but that turns out to have a rational meaning, as in this quotation from Henry David Thoreau; "I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude."	77
8690046639	Parallelism	the technique of arranging words, phrases, clauses, or larger structures by placing them side by side and making them similar in form. Parallel structure may be as simple as listing two or three modifiers in a row to describe the same noun or verb; it may take the form of two or more of the same type of phrases (prepositional, participial, gerund, appositive) that modify the same noun or verb; it may also take the form of two or more subordinate clauses that modify the same noun or verb. Or, parallel structure may be a complex bend of singe-word, phrase, and clause parallelism all in the same sentence.	78
8690046640	Parody	a work that ridicules the style of another work by imitating and exaggerating its elements. . It can be utterly mocking or gently humorous. It depends on allusion and exaggerates and distorts the original style and content.	79
8690046641	pathos (n)	the aspects of a literary work that elicit sorrow or pity from the audience. An appeal to emotion that can be used as a means to persuade. Over-emotionalism can be the result of an excess of pathos.	80
8690046642	Pedantic	a term used to describe writing that borders on lecturing. It is scholarly and academic and often overly difficult and distant	81
8690046643	Personification	The attribution of human qualities to a nonhuman or an inanimate object	82
8690046644	Persuasion	a form of argumentation, one of the four modes of discourse; language intended to convince through appeals to reason or emotion.	83
8690092944	Polysendeton	Sentence which uses and or another conjunction (with no commas) to separate the items in a series. Polysyndeton appear in the form of X and Y and Z, stressing equally each member of a series. It makes the sentence slower and the items more emphatic than in the asyndeton.	84
8690092945	Protagonist	Main character in a story	85
8690092946	red herring fallacy	the use of irrelevant material to divert attention	86
8690092947	reductio ad absurdum	the Latin for "to reduce to the absurd." This is a technique useful in creating a comic effect and is also an argumentative technique. It is considered a rhetorical fallacy because it reduces an argument to an either/or choice	87
8690160234	Regionalism	an element in literature that conveys a realistic portrayal of a specific geographical locale, using the locale and its influences as a major part of the plot	88
8690160235	Repitition	Repeating a word, phrase, or idea for emphasis or rhythmic effect	89
8690160236	Rhetoric	the art of effective communication, especially persuasive discourse; Rhetoric focuses on the interrelationship of invention, arrangement, and style in order to create felicitous and appropriate discourse.	90
8690160237	rhetorical modes	exposition, description, narration, argumentation	91
8690160238	Rhetorical question	one that does not expect an explicit answer. It is used to pose an idea to be considered by the speaker or audience	92
8690160239	Sarcasm	harsh, caustic personal remarks to or about someone; less subtle than irony	93
8690160240	Satire	A work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of human behavior by portraying it in an extreme way. Satire doesn't simply abuse (as in invective) or get personal (as in sarcasm). Satire targets groups or large concepts rather than individuals.	94
8690160241	setting (n)	where and when the story takes place	95
8690160242	Simile	a figure of speech that uses like, as, or as if to make a direct comparison between two essentially different objects, actions, or qualities; for example, "The sky looked like an artist's canvas."	96
8690181207	Speaker	the voice of a work; an author may speak as himself or herself or as a fictitious persona	97
8690181208	Stereotype	a character who represents a trait that is usually attributed to a particular social or racial group and who lacks individuality; a conventional patter, expression or idea.	98
8690181209	straw man fallacy	When a writer argues against a claim that nobody actually holds or is universally considered weak. Setting up a straw man diverts attention from the real issues.	99
8704453782	style	an author's characteristic manner of expression - his or her diction, syntax, imagery, structure, and content all contribute to style	100
8704457435	subjectivity	a personal presentation of evens and characters, influenced by the author's feelings and opinions	101
8704462110	syllogism	A form of reasoning in which two statements are made and a conclusion is drawn from them. A syllogism is the format of a formal argument that consists of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion. Example: Major Premise: All tragedies end unhappily. Minor Premise: Hamlet is a tragedy. Conclusion: Therefore, Hamlet ends unhappily.	102
8704467467	symbolism	the use of symbols or anything that is meant to be taken both literally and as representative of a higher and more complex significance	103
8704470901	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent a whole, such as using "boards" to mean a stage or "wheels" to mean a car - or "All hands on deck."	104
8704475501	syntactic fluency	Ability to create a variety of sentence structures, appropriately complex and/or simple and varied in length.	105
8704482675	syntactic permutuation	Sentence structures that are extraordinarily complex and involved. They are often difficult for a reader to follow.	106
8704489111	syntax	the grammatical structure of a sentence; the arrangement of words in a sentence. Syntax includes length of sentence, kinds of sentences (questions, exclamations, declarative sentences, rhetorical questions, simple, complex, or compound).	107
8704494054	theme	the central idea or "message" or a literary work	108
8704498319	thesis	the main idea of a piece of writing. It presents the author's assertion or claim. The effectiveness of a presentation is often based on how well the writer presents, develops, and supports the thesis.	109
8704500921	tone	the characteristic emotion or attitude of an author toward the characters, subject, and audience (anger, sarcastic, loving, didactic, emotional, etc.)	110
8704507638	transition	a word or phrase that links one idea to the next and carries the reader from sentence to sentence, paragraph to paragraph.	111
8704511800	tricolon	Sentence consisting of three parts of equal importance and length, usually three independent clauses	112
8704517375	understatement	the opposite of hyperbole/exaggeration. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended.	113
8704523296	unity	quality of a piece of writing (also see coherence)	114
8704528514	voice	refers to two different areas of writing. One refers to the relationship between a sentence's subject and verb (active and passive voice). The second refers to the total "sound" of a writer's style.	115
8704565099	point of view	refers to two different areas of writing. One refers to the relationship between a sentence's subject and verb (active and passive voice). The second refers to the total "sound" of a writer's style.	116
8704573245	first person narrator	a narrator, referred to as "I," who is a character in the story and relates the actions through his or her own perspective, also revealing his or her own thoughts	117
8704581128	stream of conciousness	like a first person narrator, but instead placing the reader inside the character's head, making the reader privy to the continuous, chaotic flow of disconnected, half-formed thoughts and impressions in the character's mind	118
8704589509	omniscient	third person narrator, referred to as "he," "she," or "they," who is able to see into each character's mind and understands all the action	119
8704593652	limited omniscient	a third person narrator who reports the thoughts of only one character and generally only what that one character sees	120
8704596035	objective	a third person narrator who only reports what would be visible to a camera; thoughts and feelings are only revealed if a character speaks of them	121

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AP Language List 2 Flashcards

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7512053450	Anecdote	An example or story to further prove a point	0
7512053451	Zeugma	a figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses	1
7512053452	Colloquial	A type of writing that is common, anything easily understandable and not formal	2
7512053453	Pedantic	Precise, academic language that is meticulous in its presentation	3
7512053454	Ebullience	Intense enthusiasm	4
7512053455	Dogged	Stubbornly perserving	5
7512053456	Listless	Lethargic, lacking energy	6
7512053457	Spurious	Someone/something that is not genuine	7
7512053458	Torpor	Laziness or dull	8
7512053459	Lucid	Something that is easily understood	9
7512053460	Strident	Something that is loud, harsh, grating, or unpleasant	10
7512053461	Self-effacing	To be modest or humble. To not claim attention	11
7512053462	Ingratiating	Trying to gain one's approval or acceptance. To flatter often with the intent of gaining an advantage	12

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AP Language Tone Words Flashcards

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6028337993	eulogistic	adj. involving formal praise in speech or writing, usually for the dead	0
6028344434	grave	adj. serious or solemn; somber	1
6028348081	pensive	adj. dreamily or wistfully thoughtful	2
6028354463	venerative	adj. regarding with reverence, awe, respect	3
6028397323	fervent	adj. exhibiting or marked by great intensity of feeling; having or showing warmth or great intensity of spirit	4
6028405208	giddy	adj. lightheartedly silly; frivolous	5
6028408920	laudatory	adj. containing or expressing praise	6
6028413443	elegiac	adj. of, or relating to, or involving mourning or expressing sorrow or lamentation	7
6028420757	banter	trans. v. to speak or address in a witty or teasing manner; to speak or address in a way that is good-humored or playful	8
6028428709	cynical	adj. contemptuously distrustful of human nature and motives; tending to believe that human behavior is selfish and opportunistic	9
6028441564	derisive	adj. ridiculing, mocking; expressing or causing contemptuous ridicule or scorn	10
6028449214	facetious	adj. not meant to be taken seriously or literally; amusing, humorous; joking or jesting often inappropriately	11
6028457274	farcicial	adj. ludicrous, absurd, comedic with high exaggeration	12
6028463950	flippant	adj. lacking proper respect or seriousness; disrespectfully casual; shallow	13

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AP Language Literary Terms Examples Flashcards

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9958195362	Active Voice	Sue changed the flat tire	0
9958195363	Allegory	The Tortoise and the Hare	1
9958195364	Alliteration	Dan's dog dove deep in the dam, drinking dirty water as he dove.	2
9958195365	Allusion	"He was a real Romeo with the ladies."	3
9958195366	Ambiguity	"Ask for me tomorrow and you shall find me a grave man."	4
9958195367	Amplification	I think I'm getting sick—I've been experiencing terrible headaches and drainage, and I've just begun to develop a sore throat as well.	5
9958195369	Analogy	Photosynthesis does for plants what digesting food does for animals	6
9958195370	Anaphora	Every single day you let me down. Every single day you make me mad. Every single day you do such silly things!	7
9958195372	Aphorism	If you judge a fish by its ability to climb trees, it will spend its whole life thinking it is stupid	8
9958195373	Apostrophe	Car, please get me to work today.	9
9958195374	Assonance	They're some creeps who I wouldn't meet if you paid me a heap of cash	10
9958195375	Atmosphere	"The woman raised her hands and stared at them; stared through them. Her voice was soft but tense. 'Blood on his hands.' Her own hands were clean and pale."	11
9958195376	Cacophony	He is a rotten, dirty, terrible, trudging, stupid dude!	12
9958195377	Caesura	"Oh, say can you see \|\| by the dawn's early light..."	13
9958195379	Chiasmus	You can take the girl out of the city but you can't take the city out of the girl	14
9958195381	Colloquial	Y'all	15
9958195382	Complex Sentence	I burned dinner but not the cake.	16
9958195383	Compound Sentence	I burned dinner, but I didn't burn the cake	17
9958195384	Conceit	Don't get bent out of shape	18
9958195385	Conflict	Man vs. man, man vs. nature, man vs. self, man vs. society, man vs. fate, man vs. machine	19
9958195386	Connotation	"House" vs. "home"	20
9958195387	Consonance	All's well that ends well	21
9958195388	Deduction	All men or mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.	22
9958195389	Denotation	"Pants" vs. "trousers"	23
9958195391	Didactic	The Bible or other religious texts	24
9958195392	Emphatic Order	Saving the strongest point for last	25
9958195394	Epithet	Ivan IV, the Terrible	26
9958195395	Euphemism	In a better place; pass away; meet your maker	27
9958195396	Euphony	Sonnets	28
9958195397	Extender Metaphor	All the world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players. They have their exits and their entrances, And one man in his time plays many parts, His acts being seven ages.	29
9958195398	Figurative Language	Simile, metaphor, hyperbole, onomatopoeia	30
9958195399	Figure of Speech	Alliteration, anaphora, antimetabole, antithesis, apostrophe, assonance, irony,metonymy, , paradox, personification, synecdoche, understatement	31
9958195403	Homily	Our faith grows in strength when we profess it and live it even though everyone around us is making different choices. God strengthens our faith when we make decisions that go against our own comfort and desires because we believe His commandments are true.	32
9958195404	Hyperbole	The suitcase weighed a ton	33
9958195405	Imagery	The tree bark was rough against her skin	34
9958195408	Induction	I have seen four students at this school leave trash on the floor. The students in this school are disrespectful.	35
9958195409	Internal Rhyme	I went to town to buy a gown	36
9958195410	Inversion	An excellent decision she made there	37
9958195411	Irony	"What a pleasant day" when it is actually raining	38
9958195412	Juxtaposition	All's fair in love and war	39
9958195413	Metaphor	Don't put all your eggs in one basket	40
9958195414	Metonymy	The crown—a royal person	41
9958195416	Motif	"I Have a Dream" in MLK's speech	42
9958195420	Onomatopoeia	Honk, beep, vroom, clang, zap, boing	43
9958195421	Oxymoron	"It's a step forward although there was no progress."	44
9958195422	Paradox	"I know one thing: that I know nothing."	45
9958195423	Parallelism	What you see is what you get.	46
9958195425	Passive Voice	The flat tire was changed by Sue	47
9958195426	Pedantic	"You boldly look forward, isn't it because you cannot foresee or expect anything terrible, because so far life has been hidden from your young eyes? You are bolder, more honest, deeper than we are, but think only, be just a little magnanimous, and have mercy on me."	48
9958195427	Periodic Sentence	In spite of heavy snow and cold temperatures, the game continued.	49
9958195428	Personification	Justice is blind	50
9958195431	Polysyndeton	I wore a sweater, and a hat, and a scarf, and a pair of boots, and mittens	51
9958195432	Portmanteau	Smog= smoke+fog	52
9958195437	Rhetorical Modes	Narration, description, exposition, argumentation	53
9958195441	Sarcasm	Yeah, because THAT's never happened	54
9958195445	Simile	Strong as an ox	55
9958195446	Simple Sentence	I burned dinner	56
9958195453	Syllogism	All men have brains. All humans have brains. Therefore, all humans are men.	57
9958195455	Synecdoche	Boots on the ground	58
9958195461	Understatement	"It's a bit warm" when you are sweating profusely	59

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AP Lit. Figurative Language Flashcards

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6411435605	alliteration	the repetition of initial consonant sounds (Tried and True; Little Lame Leopard)	0
6411440974	assonance	the repetition of vowel sounds (mAd as a hAtter)	1
6411449539	consonance	the repetition of final consonant sounds (firST and laST)	2
6411459273	feminine rhyme	the rhyme involves two or more syllables (fertile and turtle; er/ur and tile/tle)	3
6411478190	masculine rhyme	the rhyme involves only one syllable (suppORT and retORT)	4
6411482976	internal rhyme	one or more rhyming words are within the line	5
6411493563	end rhyme	rhyming words are at the ends of lines	6
6411499696	approximate rhyme/slant rhyme	words with sound similarity ("frECKkles like spECKs")	7
6411507907	onomatopoeia	words that sound like what they mean (hisssssss, BOOOM!)	8
6411514650	phonetic intensives	their sounds connect lightly to their meaning (flicker, flash, flare, flame; fl- signifies relation to fire)	9
6411523168	euphony	a grouping of sounds that is smooth and pleasant	10
6411527069	cacophony	a group of sounds that is rough and harsh	11
6411533368	synesthesia	the stimulation of two or more senses simultaneously	12
6411539299	figure of speech	a way of saying one thing and meaning another ("It's raining cats and dogs!")	13
6411545147	figurative language	language using figures of speech; not taken literally	14
6411552855	Why is poetry often figurative?	There's often more than one meaning: one literal, one figurative.	15
6411560559	simile	comparison of two dissimilar things using like, as, than, etc. ("She moved like a tornado.")	16
6411574169	metaphor	comparison of two dissimilar things (The comparison isn't expressed, but created when a figure term is substituted for a literal term instead.) ("She is a tornado.")	17
6411604302	personification	giving human attributes to an animal, object, or concept ("The couch screamed in agony under the heavy weight.")	18
6411630207	apostrophe	addressing someone dead, absent, or nonhuman as if it's present and can readily respond	19
6411638178	synecdoche	substitutes some significant quality of detail of an experience for the experience itself ("May I have your hand in marriage?" when referring to entire body, not just hand)	20
6411671472	metonymy	the use of something closely related for something actually meant ("the pen is mightier than the sword;" pen=words, and sword=violence)	21
6411706707	symbol vs. metaphor	symbol: both things being compared are present ("You eat like a pig-- much like the one standing right next to you.") metaphor: the compared objects, people, concepts, etc. do not need to be present. ("You eat like a pig." There is no pig for comparison of traits.)	22
6411745801	allegory	a narrative or description that has a second meaning with direct symbols and one meaning	23
6411756208	paradoxical actions	an action that appears contradictory but is still nonetheless true (blowing on hot soup to cool it; blowing on hands to warm them)	24
6411768179	paradoxical statement/verbal paradox	A statement is contradictory on the surface, but it stems from multiple meanings, making it true. ("I am atheist, thank God.")	25
6411801597	overstatement/hyperbole	added emphasis and exaggeration to something already true ("I ate a ton for dinner.")	26
6411808378	understatement/litotes	stating what is literally true but with much less force ("not bad.")	27
6411829993	sarcasm	bitter or cutting speech, often intended to offend	28
6411835120	satire	ridicule to humans with the intent of preventing further mistakes (in literature)	29
6411842765	verbal irony	saying the opposite of what is true ("It's not you, it's me!")	30
6411850720	dramatic irony	discrepancy between what the speaker says and what the poet means	31
6411867892	irony of situation/situational irony/cosmic irony	discrepancy between a situation's anticipated outcome and what actually results	32
6557261698	foible	minor weakness, character flaws, or quirks	33
6557263309	folly	lack of good sense, foolishness	34
6557266532	vices	immoral and evil habits, practices, or conduct	35
6557270131	abuses	corrupt or improper practices, usually in power	36
6557275688	pessimist (satirical narrator type)	expects the worst	37
6557277842	optimist (satirical narrator type)	expects the best	38
6557280897	Pollyanna (satirical narrator type)	extreme optimist	39
6557283313	cynic (satirical narrator type)	doesn't trust people and their motives or sincerity	40
6557285495	philanthropist (satirical narrator type)	works to better the world and loves the human race	41
6557290040	misanthrope (satirical narrator type)	despises and distrusts the human race	42
6557294221	Direct/formal satire	a first person narrator expects sympathy	43
6557296330	Indirect satire	communicated through characters in a situation	44
6557300514	Horatian satire	light-hearted, gently mocking satire that's directed towards folly	45
6557308313	Juvenalian satire	bitter and angry satire that's directed towards vices and abuses (typically involves life or death scenarios)	46
6557317703	Distortion	stressing some aspects and de-emphasizing others	47
6557320185	incongruity	presenting things out of place or absurd in relation to surroundings	48
6557322905	isolation	separating a condition or event from its ordinary surroundings	49
6557329753	juxtaposition	placing two opposite or unalike things side by side	50
6557331494	reversal	presents the opposite of the normal order (eating breakfast for dinner; a student educates a teacher)	51
6557337960	ambiguous language	One word or scenario with multiple possible meanings (common in satire because it allows authors to deny accusations if accused)	52
6557349971	innuendo/double entendre	multiple interpretations, usually risque	53
6557352118	malapropism	the humorous misuse of a word by confusing it with a similarly sounding word	54

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AP English Language and Composition Flash Cards Flashcards

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8485588364	Allegory	The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically.	0
8485588365	Antecedent	Word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.	1
8485588366	Antithesis	Opposition or contrast of ideas through parallelism.	2
8485588367	Aphorism	Early to bed and early to rise help make a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. -Ben Franklin	3
8485588368	Apostrophe	"Oh, Captain, my Captain, our fearful trip is done..."	4
8485588369	Colloquial/Colloquialism	The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing.	5
8485588370	Conceit	A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor.	6
8485588371	Euphemism	correctional facility = jail between jobs = unemployed	7
8485588372	Homily	This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.	8
8485588373	Invective	An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.	9
8485588374	Metonymy	a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it.	10
8485588375	Anaphora	The exact repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines or sentences.	11
8485588376	Pedantic	An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish	12
8485588377	Prose	one of the major divisions of genre, prose refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms.	13
8485588378	Semantics	The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words.	14
8485588379	Syllogism	A deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion.	15
8485588380	Synecdoche	A figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole.	16
8485588381	Synesthesia	When one kind of sensory stimulus evokes the subjective experience of another.	17
8485588382	Apologia	A written or spoken defense of one's beliefs and actions.	18
8485588383	Epigram	A brief witty statement.	19
8485588384	Digression	The use of material unrelated to the subject of a work.	20
8485588385	Ellipsis	The omission of a word or several words.	21
8485588386	Ad Hominem	Attacking a speaker's character instead of to their argument.	22
8485588387	Anachronism	A person, scene, event or other element that fails to correspond with the appropriate time or era.	23
8485588388	Didactic	Having an instructive purpose; intending to convey information to teach a lesson usually in a dry, pompous manner.	24
8485588389	Fallacy	An incorrect belief or supposition based on faulty data, defective evidence, or false information.	25
8485588390	Hubris	Excessive pride that often brings about one's fall.	26
8485588391	Alliteration	Repetition of consonant sounds, usually at the beginnings of words	27
8485588392	Litotes	A form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis or intensity.	28
8485588393	Paradox	A statement or idea that seems contradictory but is in fact true.	29
8485588394	Non Sequitur	A statement or idea that fails to follow logically from the one before.	30
8485588395	Anecdote	A short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person.	31
8485588396	Jargon	Special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group.	32
8485588397	Taciturn	Not talking much, reserved; silent, holding back in conversation.	33
8485588398	Dogmatic	Inclined to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true.	34
8485588399	Pernicious	Having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way.	35
8485588400	Bellicose	Demonstrating aggression and willingness to fight.	36
8485588401	Voracious	Craving or consuming large quantities of food.	37
8485588402	Zealous	Having or showing zeal.	38
8485588403	Tacit	Understood or implied without being stated.	39
8485588404	Innuendo	An allusive or oblique remark or hint, typically a suggestive or disparaging one.	40
8485588405	Lackadaisical	Displaying or having a disinclination for physical exertion or effort; slow and relaxed.	41
8485588406	Consecrate	Make or declare (something, typically a church) sacred; dedicate formally to a religious or divine purpose.	42
8485588407	Chiasmus	A type of parallelism in which elements are reversed. "Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country."	43
8485588408	Loose Sentence	A sentence in which the subject and verb come at the front of the sentence.	44
8485588409	Petulant	Childishly sulky or bad-tempered.	45
8485588410	Periodic Sentence	A sentence in which the subject and verb come toward the end of the sentence.	46
8485588411	Exhort	Strongly encourage or urge someone to do something.	47
8485588412	Cloistered	Kept away from the outside world; sheltered.	48
8485588413	Sarcasm	Caustic, bitter language--iterally means "to tear the flesh."	49
8485588414	Independent Clause	A complete sentence.	50
8485588415	Dependent Clause	Includes a subordinate conjunction, such as because, while, etc.	51
8485588416	Allusion	A reference to something (e.g., a book, a movie, an historical event) that is presumed to be well known to the audience.	52
8485588417	Satire	A work that pokes fun human vices and follies in order to call attention to a larger problem.	53
8485588418	Parody	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.	54
8485588419	Coup de Grace	The "death blow"--the culminating event in a bad situation.	55
8485588420	Coup d'Etat	Literally "blow to the state"--a violent overthrow.	56
8485588421	Faux Pas	A social misstep or inappropriate action.	57
8485588422	Laissez-Faire	Literally "allow to do"--letting things run their natural course; hands off.	58
8485588423	En Masse	In a body as a whole; as a group.	59
8485588424	Proprietary	Characteristic of an owner of property; constituting property.	60
8485588425	Propriety	The quality of behaving in a proper manner; obeying rules and customs.	61
8485588426	Imminent	About to happen.	62
8485588427	Eminent	Famous, outstanding, distinguished.	63
8485588428	Ego	According to Freud, the decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle.	64
8485588429	Superego	According to Freud, that facet of the psyche that represents the internalized ideals and values of one's parents and society	65
8485588430	Id	Literally the "It"--our base impulses, driven by selfishness and greed, for example.	66
8485588431	Hamartia	A character's error in judgment that contributes to one's downfall.	67
8485588432	Orwellian	The manipulation of language and ideas to control and obstruct the truth.	68
8485588433	Autonomos	Independent, self-governing, not under the control of something or someone else.	69