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AP Government Chapter 2 Flashcards

7310682496	Unalienable	A human right based on nature or God	0
7310682497	Articles of Confederation	A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War	1
7310682498	Constitutional Convention	A meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that produced a new constitution	2
7310682499	Shay's Rebellion	A 1787 rebellion in which ex-Revolutionary War soldiers attempted to prevent foreclosures of farms as a result of high interest rates and taxes	3
7310682500	Virginia Plan	Proposal to create a strong national government	4
7310682501	New Jersey Plan	Proposal to create a weak national government	5
7310682502	Connecticut Compromise	Plan to have a popularly elected House based on state population and a state-selected Senate, with two members for each state	6
7310682503	republic	A government in which elected representatives make the decisions	7
7310682504	judicial review	The power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional	8
7310682505	federalism	government authority shared by national and local governments	9
7310682506	enumerated powers	powers given to the national government alone	10
7310682507	reserved powers	powers given to the state government alone	11
7310682508	concurrent powers	powers shared by the national and state governments	12
7310682509	checks and balances	authority shared by three branches of government	13
7310682510	separation of powers	constitutional authority is shared by three different branches of government	14
7310682511	faction	a group with a distinct political interest	15
7310682512	federalists	those who favor a stronger national government	16
7310682513	antifederalists	those who favor a weaker national government	17
7310682514	coalition	an alliance of groups	18
7310682515	Bill of Rights	first ten amendments to the constitution	19
7310682516	habeas corpus	an order to produce an arrested person before a judge	20
7310682517	bill of attainder	a law that declares a person, without a trail, to be guilty of a crime	21
7310682519	amendments	a new provision in the Constitution that has been ratified by the states	22

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AP European History Review Flashcards

These are from the whole year. Good luck.

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6822828141	The Medici	a banking family of Florence that controlled much power in the city state; they helped patron much of the arts and made Florence the center of the Renaissance	0
6822828153	Niccolo Maciavelli	wrote The Prince that described that the acquisition and expansion of political power as the means to restore and mantain order. It was secular and said the ends justified the means.	1
6822828155	Humanism	an intellectual movement based on the study of the classical literary works of Greee and Rome. They studied the liberal arts and antiquity. They were largely secular.	2
6822828166	Leonard da Vinci	transitional figure to the High Renaissance that carried on experimenting and even disecting human bodies. He advanced the idealization of nature from natural to ideal form. It uses space and perspective to show people as three dimensional.	3
6822828180	John Wyclif	disgust with clerical corruption led him to far-ranging attack on papal authority and medieval Christian beliefs and practices. Alleged that there was no basis in Scripture for papal claims and advocated popes to be stripped of their power. He attracted followers called Lollards	4
6822828187	Thomas More	wrote Utopia that gave an account of idealistic life and institutions. A new social system in which cooperation and reason replaced power and fame as the proper motivating agents for human society. All people work together. They are carefully controlled for the moral welfare of society and its members.	5
6822828188	Martin Luther	he believed that salvation through faith alone in promises of God. This became from the primary Protestant Reformatio. Luther arived from this as the sole authority of the Bible.	6
6822828189	95 Theses	a statement that criticized that the sale of indulgences was not just. It was originally just to spark debate and not a break with the church.	7
6822828191	Charles V	Holy Roman Emperor that ruled over an empire consisting of Spain and its overseas possessions, Austrian-Habsburg lands, Bohemia, Hungary, the Low Countries and the kingdom of Naples. He could not control his empire.	8
6822828192	Habsburg-Valois Wars	rivalry between Charles V and Valois king of France, Francis I that became in conflict after disputed territory in southern France, the Netherlands, the Rhineland, northern Spain and Italy.	9
6822828195	Peace of Augsburg	the division between Christianity was formally established. Lutheranism granted equal legal standing with Catholicism. Each German ruler could choose the religion for their subjects.	10
6822828196	Anabaptists	went to simple living. Believed that The Lord's Supper was interpreted as a remembrance, a meal of fellowship celebrated in the evening in private houses. They believed in adult baptism and complete seperation of church and state.	11
6822828197	Ulrich Zwingil	Swiss reformer that spread rthe reformation. Relics and images were abolushed, paintings and decorations were removed from the churches and repaced by whitewashed walls. The Mass was replaced by reading of the Bible.	12
6822828198	Henry VIII	wanted to divorce his wife Catherine of Aragone. he cut off all appeals from English church courts to Rome. He abolished pope authority in England.	13
6822828201	Act of Supremacy, 1534	The King was the only supreme head of the Church of England. They could control doctrine, appointments, and discipline.	14
6822828204	Mary I	Catholic who intended to restore Englan back. She burned more than 300 heretics that actually made England more Protestant.	15
6822828205	John Calvin	The founder of Calvinism that wrote The Institutes of Christian Religion that adhered to justification of faith alone.	16
6822828210	Society of Jesus	Jesuits became the chief instrument for the Catholic reformation that submitted to will of the church. They emphasized that human will can be strengthened by the church. The believed in strong heirarchy as well as education of the masses.	17
6822828214	Council of Trent	upheld traditional Catholic teachings in opposition to Protestant beliefs.	18
6822828215	Huguenots	French Calvinists that made up to 50 percent of the nobility icluding the house of Bourbon which was a threat to monarchial power.	19
6822828219	Edict of Nantes	acknowledged Catholicism as the official religion of France but guaranteed Huguenots could worship in select areas and recieve fortified towns as well as political privileges.	20
6822828226	Prince Henry the Navigator	founded a school for navigation in Portugal. This caused Portuguese fleets to probe around the coast of west Africa for Gold. It brought back slaves from the Senegal river and gold on the southern coast of the hump of West Africa.	21
6822828231	Treaty of Tordesillas	split the land claims between the Spanish and the Portuguese. Spain got most of Latin American and the Portuguese got the Cape of Good Hope	22
6822828232	Hernan Cortez	arrived to the capital of the Aztecs and was greeted by Moctezuma. He believedthat he was a God and gave him gold. But eventually he tookhimgostage and pillaged the city. The disease they brought killed many of the Aztecs and led for the Spanish to take over.	23
6822828233	Francisco Pizzaro	had steel weapons, gunpowder and horses that were unfamiliar to the Incan empire. They already were ravaged by smallpox. The emporer died because of it and his two sons claimed the throne which caused a civil war. He captured the capital and took it for the Spanish.	24
6822828243	Mercantilism	belief that the total volume of trade was unchangeable. It's economic activity was war carried on by peaceful means. The properity of a nation depended on a plentiful supply of gold and silver. It was desirable to have more exports and imports. It focused on the role of the state with tarrifs on foreign goods.	25
6822828245	Thirty Years War	last of the religious wars between militant Catholicism and Calvinism	26
6822828251	Peace of Westphalia	ended the Thirty Years' War. Made it clear that religion and politics were seperate. It also made Calvinists, Protestants or Catholic Kings decide the religion of their people.	27
6822828252	Louis XIII	a young king that passed his power down to the many cardinals at the time	28
6822828254	Cardinal Richelieu	Louis XIII's chief minister that initiated policies that eventually strengthed the power of the monarchy. He eliminated the political and military rights of the Huguenots while preserving their religious ones, Richelieu transformed them into more reliable subjects. He uncovered noble plots and crushed conspiracies.	29
6822828255	Intendents	royal officials that were sent to the provines to execute the orders of the central government. They further strengthened the power of the King.	30
6822828256	Cardinal Manzarian	trained successor to Richelieu that dominated the government under Anne of Austria. He was an Italian that came to France to carry out policies of his teacher.	31
6822828259	Louis XIV	the supreme power of France thatwas an absolute power. He was willing pay the price of being a strong ruler and created an absolute monarchy.	32
6822828261	Versailles	a palace that was the household of the king, the location of central governmental machinery and where powerful subjects found themselves. He used it as a way to keep powerful people out of politics.	33
6822828270	Frederick William the Great Elector	came into power during the 30 Years' War. He built an efficient army and sustained it. He levied taxes for the army and oversee its training. He governed the state. He made a deal with the nobles in exchange for a free hand in government, nobles had unlimited power over peasants and were exempt from taxation.	34
6822828271	Frederick I	granted the title King of Prussia	35
6822828273	Peter the Great	encountered the West and had determination to westernize Russia. He wanted to transplant technology to Russia by reorganizing the army as well as the central government. Split Russia into provinces.	36
6822828280	James I	son of Mary Queen of Scots that became king of England. Undersood little about the laws, institutions and customs of the English. Believed in divine right of kings that alienated the parliament. Puritans were opposing of the policy of the king.	37
6822828281	Charles I	Parliament passed the petition of right that the king was supposed to accept before being granted any tax revenues that granted many freedoms. He originally accepted it but decided not to. He decided that he would not summon parliament. He collected taxes on seacoast towns called ship money. He married a Catholic that aroused suspicions.	38
6822828282	Long Parliament	took a series of steps to limit authority of the royal governemnt. There were to be no arbitrary courts, the abolition of taxes that the king had collected without their consent and the Triennial act that said they were to meet at least every 3 years.	39
6822828283	English Civil War	King tried to take advantage of split between radicals and moderates and arrested some radicals. He arrested Putitans and started the English CivilWar.	40
6822828284	Oliver Cromwell	made The New Model Army that was made of Puritans that believed they were fighting for the lord. He became a leader after the death of the King. He made a military dictatorship.	41
6822828290	Glorious Revolution	William of Orange and Mary were invited to invade England. With almost no bloodshed, there were acts of new king and queen to prevent Catholic power.	42
6822828291	William and Mary	raised an army and invaded England while James, his wife and son fled to France. They accepted a declaration of rights and Parliament's authority	43
6822828292	Thomas Hobbes	wrote Leviathan that claimed that the state of natre was terrible. They were guided by animalistic instincts and self-preservation. They said that a commonwealth with absolute authority should be the most powerful. It should strike fear in the citizens.	44
6822828293	John Locke	wrote Two Treatises of Government that said humans lived in equality in the state of nature. They made government to protect their rights while people would act reasonably. If the government broke this, people could form a new government.	45
6822828305	heliocentric	a system that put the Sun in the center of the Solar System with the Earth revolving around it with other planets. It brought the human view to feel more small to the universe around them.	46
6822828310	Issac Newton	Invented calculus as well as composition of light. He wrote Principa which focused on the culmination of Copernicus, Kepler and Galileo. He defined the 3 laws of motion: ever object continues in a state of rest unless deflected by a force; the rate of change of motion of an object is proportional to the force acting on it and every action has an equal of opposite reaction. He argued the laws of gravitation.	47
6822828317	Rene Descartes	He believed that he would only accept things that his reason said was true. He seperated mind and matter that created Cartesian dualism. Mathematics would help humans understand the world arund them. Believed in deductive methods.	48
6822828318	Francis Bacon	wrote The Great Instauration that created inductive science. He went from particular to general for practical reasons. He was not a scientist but he wanted science to be logical.	49
6822828325	Tabula Rasa	Locke's belief that every human is born with a blank mind. People were molded by their environment and subject to influence. By change the enviornment and influence, society would be changed. This could be achieved through Newton's reason.	50
6822828326	Philosophes	French term; literary people, professors, journalists, statesmen, economists, political scientists and social reformers from nobility and middle class. Paris was heir capital and affected the Western World. Rational criticism should be applied to everything. Subject to state censoring.	51
6822828327	Montesquieu	French noble that wrote The Persian Letters and attacked traditional religion. The Spirit of the Laws compared governments that applied the scientific method to the social and political arena to ascertain the natural laws. There were 3 governments: republic (small states), monarchy (middle-sized) and despotism (large empires). He believed in the power of checks and balances to play a part in government	52
6822828328	Voltaire	Wrote French tragedy. Impressed with England (had to flee for 2 years) he wrote Philosophic Letters on the English that showed a deep admiration for English life, its freedom of the press, political freedom and religious toleration. Criticized royal absolutism in France. Attacked traditional religion and advocated for religious toleration.	53
6822828330	Denis Diderot	Condemned Christianity as fanatical. He said that it was the worst religion. Wrote the Encyclopedia that attacked superstition and tolerationas well as improvements. Spread to the masses when it was lowered in price.	54
6822828333	Adam Smith	Wrote Wealth of Nations that condemned mercantilist use of tarriffs to protect home industries. Believed that labor was true wealth of a nation as well as the government should leave the economy alone and only be used for army, police and public works.	55
6822828336	Jean Jacques Rousseau	Wrote Discourse on the Origins of the Inequality of Mankind that saw humans were happy in equality in the state of nature. In order to preserve their private property they turned to government. He also wrote The Social Contract to harmonize individual liberty and government authority. Best for all was best of individual.	56
6822828338	Mary Wollstonecraft	Founder of modern feminism. Wrote Vindication of the Rights of Woman that pointed at the contradictions of the point of view of women. The subjection of women were wrong. Women had same rights as men.	57
6822828358	Enlightened Absolutism	Absolute monarchies that gave freedom of speech and press. the right to hold private property, fostering the arts, sciences and education. They must obey laws and enforce them equally on all subjects.	58
6822828360	Louis XV	Lazy and weak ruler that allowed ministers and mistresses to influence him, control the affairs of state and underminethe prestige of the monarchy. He lost the overseas empire in the Seven Years' War and gave burdensom taxes.	59
6822828365	Junkers	Nobility/Landed Aristocracy of Prussia that owned large estates with many sefs that played a dominate role. They had monopoly of officers in the Prussia army.	60
6822828366	Frederick the Great	Best educated and most ultured monarchs in the 18th century. Establismed single code of laws that eliminated torture exept for treason and murder. Limited freedom of speech and press as well as full religious toleration. Took away Frederick I abiliy for commoners to rise to power. Expanded army. Made Prussia a military power.	61
6822828368	Joseph II	Abolished serfdom and tried to give peasants heriditary rights. He abandoned economic restraints by removing guild restrictions, eliminating internal trade barriers and ending monopolies. He established equality under the law in Austria as well as religious toleration. He made 6,000 decrees and 11,000 laws. His reforms were undone.	62
6822828371	Pugachev's Rebellion	Peasant that won support by freeing all peasants from taxes and military service. He encouraged them to sieze their landlords' estates and killed. The rebellion collapsed and serfdom expanded.	63
6822828378	Agricultural Revolution	Increase in food production due to more farmland, increased yields per acre, healthier and more abundant livestock and an improved climate. It improved living conditions.	64
6822828389	Estates-General	Fench Parliamentary body that was conveened in order to gain consent to raise taxes to pay for the deby by the government.	65
6822828390	Cahiers de Doleances	Statements of local grievances that were drafted throughout France during the elections to the Estates-General; advocated a refular constitutional government that would abolish the fiscal privileges of the church and the nobility	66
6822828391	Abbe Sieyes	Wrote What is the Third Estate? that says that it is everything. It hasn't been represented and wants to. This showed the view of changes within a framework in the respect of the king.	67
6822828392	National Assembly	When the First Estate refused to vote by head, the Third Estate voted to create this and decided to draw up a constitution.	68
6822828393	Tennis Court Oath	The meeting place of the National Assembly was locked so they moved to an indoor Tennis Court and swore to meet until they produced a Constitution.	69
6822828396	Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen	Charter of basic liberties that reflected the ideas of the major philosophes of the Enlightenment. It went to affirm the destruction of aristocratic privileges by proclaimed an end to exemptions from taxation, freedom and equal rights for all men and access to public office by talent. Monarchy was restricted. Freedom of speech and press as well as the outlawing of arbitrary arrests were also made.	70
6822828398	Women's March to Versailles	Parisian women marced to demand bread from the king. They had starving children. Louis XVI promised grain supplies but this did not end the protest. Lafayette ordered them to march and now they ordered the family return to Paris. The king also brought flour from the Paris stores.	71
6822828399	Assignats	Form of paper money that was issued based on the collateral of the newly nationalized church property.	72
6822828400	Civil Constitution of the Clergy	Bishops and priests of the Catholic church were to be elected by the people and paid by the state. They were required to swear an oath to the Civil Constitution. The pope forbade it, so only 54 percent took the oath.	73
6822828404	Declaration of Pillnitz	Leopold II of Austria and King Frederick II of Prussia invited other European monarchs to take the most effectual means to put the king back into power. However, the leaders were suspicious of one another that did not do much of anything.	74
6822828407	Sans-Culottes	Ordinary patriots that were both the working people and poor but also merchants and better-off artisans who were the elite of their neighborhoods and trades.	75
6822828411	Committee of Public Safety	In order to curb domestic crisis, the National Convention made this. They were organized to protect the republic from internal enemies.	76
6822828412	Maximillien Robespierre	The leader of the Committee of Public Safety that governed France. He centralized the administration of France and helped expand the Reign of Terror.	77
6822828413	Reign of Terror	Killed royalists, former revolutionary Girodins and peasants. Many who opposed the san-culottes were killed by guillotime. 16,000 were formally killed. The true number was near 50,000.	78
6822828421	Napoleon Bonaparte	A military general that rose through the ranks in the French Revolution. He had energy and charm as well as intelligence that allowed him to take over France in a coup after escaping from Egypt. He formed a new government of a bicameral legislative assembly voted indirectly to reduce role of election.	79
6822828427	Continental System	Napoleon attempted to prevent British goods from reaching the European continent in order to weaken Britain economically and destroy its capacity to wage war. But countries resisted and this failed as well.	80
6822828430	Waterloo	Napoleon met combined British and Prussian forces and suffered defeat. He was then exiled to tiny St. Helena.	81
6822828441	Factory Act of 1833	strengthened earlier labor legislation. All textile factories were included, and children between 9-13 could work only 8 hours and 13-18 could work only 12.	82
6822828449	Klemens von Metternich	Austrian foreign minister that was an experienced diplomat that was concerned about reestablishing peace and stability in Europe. He believed that legitimate monarchs were the only ones who could preseve traditional institutions.	83
6822828451	Concert of Europe	a means to maintain the new status quo. It grew out of the reaffirmation of the Quadruple Alliance that renewed their commitment against any attempted restoration of Bonapartist power and agreed to meet periodically in conferences to discuss their common interests and examine measures to maintain peace.	84
6822828457	Greek Revolution	revolted against the Turk masters for 400 years that allowed them to maintain language and faith. Their national sentiment brought a revolt. The British and French defeated an Ottoman armada as well as Russia declaring war on them. The Treaty of Adrianople ended the Russian-Turkish war and caused them to protect two provinces. The Turks gave Britian, Russia and France the right to decide the fate of Greece.Declared Greece an independent kingdom and two years later a new royal dynasty. The revolution was successful because the great powers supported it.	85
6822828462	Charles X	granted indemnity to aristocrats whose land had been confiscated during the revolution. He pursued a religious policy that encouraged the Catholic church to reestablish control over the French educational system. Outrage occured and forced the king to compromise in 1827 and accept the principle that ministers of the king were responsible to the legislature. A protest by the deputies led the king to dissolve the legislature and call for new elections.	86
6822828468	Thomas Malthus	wrote Essay on the Principles of Population that argued that population left unchecked, increases at a geometric rate while food increases at a much slower rate. Sever overpopulation and utimately starvation for the human race if this growth is not in check. Misery and poverty were inevitable result of the law of nature and no one should interfere with its operation.	87
6822828490	Giuseppe Mazzini	leader of the resurgence of Italy that was a dedicated Italian nationalist who founded the organization of Young Italy in 1831 that set its goalin the creation of a united Italian republic. He wrote The Duties of Man that urged Italians to dedicate their lives to the Italian nation. Inspired by him, rebellions spread as ruler after ruler granted a constitution for his people. They rebelled against their Austrian overlords in Venitia and declared a republic in Venice. Charles Albert assumed leadership for a war of liberation and was unsuccessful and Austrians reestablished control over them.	88
6822828493	Romanticism	tried to balance the use of reason by stressing the importance of intuition, feeling, emotion and imagination as sources of knowing. They believed in inner drives and rebelling against middle-class conventions. They were passionate about the past especial the medieval ages. Worshipped nature.	89
6822828511	Social Darwinism	application of Darwin's principle of organic evolution to social order.	90
6822828552	Revolution of 1905	started by peasants that went to the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg to present a petition of grievances to the tsar.	91
6822828556	New Imperialism	when European states embarked on an intense scramble for overseas territory in a revival of imperialism for Africa and Asia.	92
6822828557	"White Man's Burden"	the belief that the superiority of their civilization obligated Europeans to impose their practices, such as industrialization and medicine, to nonwhite people.	93
6822828580	Francis Fernidad	heir to the Austrian throne that was assasinated in Sarajevo that precipitated the confrontation between Austria and Serbia.	94
6822828602	Treaty of Brest-Litovsk	signed a treaty with Germany that gave up eastern Poland, Ukraine, Finland and the Baltic probinvrs to try to keep peace.	95

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Pre-AP Review 5 Flashcards

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9955785732	homologous structures	Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry.	0
9955785733	variation	different traits in a species caused by differences in genes	1
9955785734	natural selection	organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. Organisms that are not adapted die. Over generations, the frequency of adaptive traits increases.	2
9955785735	cladeoram	a model slowing evolutionary relationships between species	3
9955793479	ribosome	structure in cell where proteins are synthesized	4
9955801769	vacuole	structure in cell for storage	5
9955814206	specific immune response	reaction to infections by specific pathogens or vaccines. Can trigger immunity to prevent illness in case of future exposure	6
9955835493	insulin	hormone produced by pancreas in response to high blood sugar. Lowers blood sugar	7
9956207657	glucagon	hormone produced by pancreas in response to low blood sugar. raises blood sugar	8
9956232517	cell in hyper tonic solution	will shrink, because water will move out of the cell from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration	9
9956245287	cell in a hypo tonic solution	will swell or lyse (burst), because water will into the cell from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration	10
9956257361	cell in an iso tonic solution	will remain unchanged because the concentration of water is equal inside and outside of the cell, so there will be no net movement	11

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AP Flashcards

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5750293055	Et udtryk der ikke kan oversættes direkte til andre sprog	Hvad er et idiom?	0
5750300581	Sprogets mindste betydningsadskillende element	Hvad er et fornem?	1
5750306544	Sprogets mindste betydningsbærende element	Hvad er et morfem?	2
5750310446	En forstavelse, som sættes foran stammen	Hvad er et præfiks?	3
5750312305	En endelse, som sættes efter stammen	Hvad er et suffiks	4
5750315195	Bøjningssuffiks og afledningssuffiks	Hvilke to suffiks findes der?	5
5750318507	Markering af tid eller bestemthed	Hvad gør et bøjningssuffiks?	6
5750320458	Danner helt nye ord	Hvad gør et afledningssuffiks?	7
5750330946	Sprogæt er de store grupperinger og sprogfamilie er en gruppe inden for en sprogæt.	Hvad er forskellen på en sprogæt og en sprogfamilie?	8
5750338730	Indoeuropæisk	Hvad er den mest udbredte sprogæt?	9
5750343152	albansk, græsk, romansk, keltisk, slavisk, germansk	Nævn de 6 sprogfamilier inden for indoeuropæisk	10
5750346131	italiensk, fransk, spansk, portugisisk, rumænsk	Hvilke sprog ligger under romansk?	11
5750422623	irsk og walisisk	Hvilke sprog ligger under keltisk?	12
5750424548	russisk, polsk, tjekkisk, serbo-kroatisk, bulgarsk, makedonsk	Hvilke sprog ligger under slavisk?	13
5750430235	Vestgermansk og nordisk	Hvilke to grupper ligger under germansk?	14
5750432666	Tysk, hollandsk, engelsk	Hvilke sprog ligger under vestgermansk?	15
5750434311	vestnordisk og østnordisk	Hvilke to grupper liggerunder nordisk?	16
5750435533	norsk, islandsk, færøsk	Hvilke sprog ligger under vest nordisk?	17
5750326057	østnordisk	Hvilken sprogfamilie kommer dansk og svensk fra?	18
5750441535	Beskriver hvordan ord eller ordgrupper og led forbindes til en sætning	Hvad er en syntaktisk analyse?	19
5750480907	Verballed	Skriv det latinske navn for det led det betegner: Bolle	20
5750481944	Subjekt	Skriv det latinske navn for det led det betegner: Kryds	21
5758247838	Direkte objekt	Skriv det latinske navn for det led det betegner: Trekant	22
5758252576	Indirekte objekt	Skriv det latinske navn for det led det betegner: Firekant	23
5758443418	Subjektsprædikat	Skriv det latinske navn for det led det betegner: Bolle med kryds	24
5758449869	Objektsprædikat	Skriv det latinske navn for det led det betegner: Bolle med trekant	25
5758452375	Adverbialled	Skriv det latinske navn for det led det betegner: Bølgestreg	26
5758610276	Konjunktionaler	Skriv det latinske navn for det led det betegner: Pil	27
5758472816	Forbindelsen mellem verballed og subjekt	Hvad er neksus?	28
5758485777	Verballed, subjekt og direkte objekt	Hvad består den mest almindelige grundmodel med neksus af?	29
5758503535	Sætte jeg foran ordet	Hvordan finder man verballed i en sætning?	30
5758509352	Hvem/hvad + verballed	Hvordan finder man subjekt?	31
5758515971	Hvad + verballed + subjekt	Hvordan finder man direkte objekt?	32
5758525219	Til hvem + verballed + subjekt + direkte objekt	Hvordan finder man indirekte objekt?	33
5758548491	Hvad er + subjekt	Hvordan finder man subjektsprædikat?	34
5758555045	Hvad + verballed + subjekt + direkte objekt	Hvordan finder man objektsprædikat?	35
5758576683	Verballeddets handling (tid, sted, måde, grad, middel, omfang)	Hvordan finder man adverbialled?	36
5758615139	Ord der forbinder en sætning	Hvad er en konjunktional?	37
5758686418	Overensbestemmelse mellem verballed og subjekt	Hvad betyder kongruens?	38
5758637425	At opdele sætningen i dets bestanddele	Hvad er en morfologisk analyse?	39
5758707834	En kat	Hvilke af følgende er et substantiv: At løbe En kat Hun sov	40
5758723973	Handlinger og tilstande	Hvad beskriver verbum?	41
5758732269	Nutid	Skriv hvilken tid verbet står i: Jeg leger	42
5758742922	Datid	Skriv hvilken tid verbet står i: Jeg legede	43
5758747735	Fremtid	Skriv hvilken tid verbet står i: Jeg vil lege/jeg skal lege	44
5758750200	Førdatid	Skriv hvilken tid verbet står i: Jeg havde leget	45
5758755501	Førnutid	Skriv hvilken tid verbet står i: Jeg har leget	46
5758774389	At det kun bøjes i tid, måde og handlingsform	Hvad vil det sige at et verbum er finit?	47
5758795095	At det skrives i at-form, korttillægsform eller lang tillægsform	Hvad vil det sige et verbum er infinit?	48
5758811718	Beskriver substantivet	Hvad gør et adjektiv?	49
5758815459	Attribut og prædikat	Hvad hedder de to former et adjektiv kan stå i?	50
5758821099	Adjektiv der er knyttet direkte til substantivet	Hvad er et attribut?	51
5758823035	Står i stedet for substantiver eller henviser til dem	Hvad gør et pronominer	52
5758843609	Personlige, possessive og relative	Nævn de tre forskellige pronominer	53
5758852753	Ejestedord	Hvad er et possessiv pronominer? Fx. Min/din/hans	54
5758861155	Henførende	Hvad er et relativ pronominer? Fx. Som/der	55
5758872609	En/et	Nævn de to ubestemte artikler	56
5758884021	Den/det/de	Hvilke artikler bruger man, hvis der står et adjektiv foran substantivet? Fx. Den søde pige	57
5758888905	Tid, sted, måde, grad, årsag, nægtelse, holdning	Hvad betegner adverbier?	58
5758901862	At sætte foran	Hvad betyder præposition? Fx. I/på/til/over	59
5758908220	Forbinder sætninger	Hvad gør konjunktioner? Fx. Og/men/eller	60
5758918949	Udråbsord	Hvad betyder interjektioner?	61
5758921261	Talord	Hvad betyder numeralier?	62
5758923999	Hovedsætning og ledsætning	Hvad består en helsætning af?	63
5758954260	At mange indvandrere i stedet må søge over i det normale uddannelsessystem	Hvad er ledsætningen i følgende helsætning? Hans mener, at mange indvandrere i stedet må søge over i det normale uddannelsessystem.	64
5758956072	Direkte objekt	Hvilken funktion har ledsætningen? Hans mener, at mange indvandrere i stedet må søge over i det normale uddannelsessystem.	65
5758966940	Neksus	Hvad består hovedsætningen altid af?	66
5759005088	Ord der ikke er indlånt, men har været i sproget altid	Hvad er et arveord?	67
5759011903	Ord som et sprog optager fra et andet sprog	Hvad er et låneord?	68
5759013223	Ord som er kommet ind i et sprog fra et andet	Hvad er et fremmedord?	69
5759075060	Privat og offentligt	Hvilke to sprog er der overordnet?	70
5759077729	Høj, normal og lav	Nævn de tre stilleje man kan snakke i	71
5759046013	Uformelt sprog	Hvad er slang?	72
5759086518	Informerende, regulerende, selvfremstillende, samtalestrukturende	Nævn de fire sproghandlinger	73
5759101664	Kl er 14.30	Hvilken af følgende er informerende? Kl er 14.30 Hvordan går det? Du er sød	74
5759114405	Jeg synes pludselig det blev koldt herinde	Hvilken af følgende er regulerende? Jeg går i skole Jeg synes pludselig det blev koldt herinde.. Skal vi gå?	75
5759119306	Med de øjne kunne du fortrylle hvem som helst	Hvilken af følgende er selvfremstillende? Skal vi gå en tur? Med de øjne kunne du fortrylle hvem som helst Vi skal gå nu	76
5759145416	Er det bare mig, eller	Hvilken af følgende er samtalestrukturende? Jeg kan godt lide mad Jeg har en grøn tandbørste Er det bare mig, eller...	77
5759049317	Høj stil offentligt	Hvad snakker dronningen?	78

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ap Flashcards

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6052207048	Anocracy	A country that is not fully democratic or fully autocratic, but rather shares a mix of the two	0
6052207049	Autocracy	A country that is run by the interest of the ruler rather than the people	1
6052207050	balance of power	condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries	2
6052207051	boundary	invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory	3
6052207052	city-state	a sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland	4
6052207053	colonialism	attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory	5
6052207054	colony	a territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent	6
6052207055	compact state	a state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly	7
6052207056	democracy	A country in which citizens elect leaders and can run for office	8
6052207057	elongated state	A state with a long, narrow shape	9
6052207058	federal state	an internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local government	10
6052207059	fragmented state	a state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory	11
6052207060	frontier	a zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control	12
6052207061	gerrymandering	process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power	13
6052207062	landlocked state	a state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea	14
6052207063	microstate	a state that encompasses a very small land area	15
6052207064	Multiethnic state	A state that contains more then one ethnicity	16
6052207065	multinational state	state that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities	17
6052207066	Nation-state	A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been changed into a nationality	18
6052207067	perforated state	a state that completely surrounds another one	19
6052207068	prorupted state	an otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension	20
6052207069	Self-determination	The concept that ethnicity have the right to govern themselves	21
6052207070	sovereignty	ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states	22
6052207071	state	an area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs	23
6052207072	Terrorism	The systematic use of violence by a group in order to intimidate a population or coerce a government into granting its demands	24
6052207073	unitary state	an internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials	25
6052217198	Physical Boundary	coincide with significant features of the natural landscape; deserts, mountains, water (sea, rivers. lakes)	26
6052225796	Cultural Boundaries	follow the distribution of cultural characteristics; Geometric, ethnic	27
6052253681	Domino Theory	Used to describe one event will set off other events Communism: 1960-1980 Arab Spring	28
6052253682	EEZ	a sea zone prescribed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea over which a state has special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind.	29
6052254421	Enclave	region develops their own ethnic identity (balkanization) Lesotho	30
6052258301	Exclave	A bounded territory that is part of a particular state but is separated from the territory of a different state. Alaska	31
6052259583	Fortified Boundary	When a state constructs a physical boundary to either keep people out or in. Examples= North and south Korea, Morocco and Spanish Sahara, Great wall of China(also Relict), Berlin Wall(also relict), US Mexico Border	32
6052259584	Heartland Theory	1904: sir halford mackinder Eastern Europe and central asia pivotal to world domination Did not account for water routes Technology, mongols took over on horse back, Horses are important	33
6052261599	Imperialism	One country exerts cultural or economic dominance over another	34
6052261600	Relic Boundary	A boundary that doesn't exist anymore but still has an impact on cultural landscape, Examples= West Germany Industrial & more wealthy and East Germany Agricultural, North and South Korea as well	35
6052263144	Rimland theory	1944: Nicholas Spielman (father of containment) Rimland would contain the Heartland via alliances Heartland controlled the land, Rimland controlled the sea	36
6052264130	Superimposed Boundary	Boundary created by another outside group	37

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AP Hug Vocabulary Flashcards

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7211530307	Formal region	Groups of areal units that have a high degree of homogeneity in terms of particular distinguishing features	0
7211530308	Environmental determinism	A doctrine that holds that human activities are controlled by the environment	1
7211530309	Stimulus diffusion	A form of diffusion in which a cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place	2
7211530311	Functional region	An area organized around a node or focal point	3
7211530312	Physiological density	The density of population per unit of arable land	4
7211530313	Relocation diffusion	Sequential diffusion process in which the items being diffused are transmitted by their carrier agents as they evacuate the old areas and relocate to new ones. The most common form involves the spreading of innovations by a migrating population	5
7211530314	Possibilism	The theory that the physical environment itself will neither suggest nor determine what people will attempt, but it may limit what people can profitably achieve	6
7211530315	Cartography	The body of practical and theoretical knowledge about making distinctive visual representations of Earth's surface in the form of maps	7
7211530316	Expansion diffusion	The spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination	8
7211530317	Contagious diffusion	The distance-controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person	9
7211530318	Spatial	Pertaining to space on the Earth's surface; sometimes used as a synonym for geographic	10
7211530319	Perceptual region	region that only exists as a conceptualization or idea and not as a physically demarcated entity—THE example is the south	11
7211530320	Sequent occupance	The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape	12
7211530321	Pandemic	An outbreak of disease that spreads worldwide	13
7233953696	Quantitative Data	Associated with mathematical models and statistical techniques used to analyze spatial location and association	14
7233953697	GIS	A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data	15
7233953698	Sunbelt	The south and southwest regions of the United States	16
7233953699	Qualitative Data	Data associated with a humanistic approach to geography and is collected through interviews, empirical observations or interpretation of artifact	17
7233953700	Choropleth map	A thematic map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the measurement of the statistical variable being displayed on the map, such as population density or per-capita income	18
7233953701	Step migration	Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to nearby village and later to town and city	19
7233953702	Arithmetic density	The population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit area. The figure is derived by dividing the population of the areal unit by the number of square kilometers or miles that make up the unit	20
7233953703	toponym	Place name	21
7233953704	place	A specific geographic setting with distinctive physical, social, and cultural attributes	22
7233953705	infrastructure	The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities ( buildings, roads, power supply) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise	23
7233953706	isoline	Line on a map connecting points of equal temperature values	24
7233953707	Distance decay	The fact that the presence or impact of any cultural attribute usually diminishes away from its hearth area	25
7233953708	Cartogram map	is a map in which some thematic mapping variable - such as travel time, population- is substituted for land area or distance. The geometry or space of the map is distorted in order to convey the information of this alternate variable	26
7233953709	Agricultural density	Ratio between the number of agriculturalist per unit of arable land in a specific area	27
7233953710	Graduated symbol	Maps use symbols of different sizes to represent the numerical values of an attribute. The size of the symbol is proportional to the value it symbolizes. Useful for illustrating quantitative information, such as traffic volume, earthquakes at different magnitudes, and population.	28
7282207412	Pronatalist party	Government attempts to raise the rate of natural increase	29
7282207413	Epidemiological transition	Distinctive cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition	30
7282207414	census	An official enumeration of the population (counting)	31
7282207415	asylum	Shelter and protection in one state for refugees from another state	32
7282207416	Eugenic policy	Government policies designed to favor one racial sector over others	33
7282207417	Gravity model	A mathematical formula to express the gravitational forces that one object exerts on another; social scientists seek analogous formulas in their study of human activities	34
7282207418	IMR	The number of infants per thousand who die before reaching 1 year of age	35
7282207419	Demographic transition model	Replacement of high birth and death rates but low birth and death rates	36
7282207420	Chain migration	Pattern of migration that develops when migrants move along and through kinship links	37
7282207421	Dependency ratio	The number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64 , compares to the number of people active in the labor force	38
7282207422	Malthus	Claimed that geometric growth of population would eventually exceed the arithmetic growth of resources	39
7282207423	Population density	Is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume	40
7282207424	Guest worker	A foreign worker permitted to work in a country, especially in Western Europe, on a temporary basis	41
7282207425	Antinatalist policy	Government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural increase	42
7282207426	Carrying capacity	The largest number of people that the environment of a particular area can support	43
7361055563	Sharia laws	The system of Islamic law based on varying degrees of interpretations of the Qu'ran	44
7361055564	Shamansim	Community faith in traditional societies in which people follow their religious leader, teacher, healer, and visionary	45
7361055565	Protestant	One of three major branches of Christianity. Resulting from the reformation wherein John Huss, Martin Luther, John Calvin, and others challenged many of the fundamental teachings of the Roman Catholic Church	46
7361055567	Remittance	Money migrants send back to families and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many poor countries	47
7361055568	TFR	The average number of children that could be born to a woman over her lifetime in a given population.	48
7361055569	Romance languages	French, Spanish, Italian, Romanian, and Portuguese that lie in the areas that were once controlled by the Roman Empire but were not subsequently overwhelmed	49
7361055570	Slavic Languages	Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian....	50
7361055571	Standard language	The way any language is spoken and written according to formal rules of diction and grammar	51
7361055572	Shi'ite	Muslims who believe that Muhammad's son-in-law Ali should have been the first caliph	52
7361055573	Placelessness	Defined by geographer Edward Relph as the loss of uniqueness of place in the cultural landscape so that one place looks like the next	53
7361055574	Internally displaced persons	Someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country's borders. They are often referred to as refugees, although they do not fall within the current legal definition of a refugee.	54
7361055575	Refugees	As defined by the 1951 Geneva Convention, someone with "a well-founded fear of being persecuted in his country of origin for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion."	55
7361055576	Sunni	Muslims who approve the historic order of Muhammad's first four successors; today about 85 percent of all Muslims	56
7361055577	Shintoism	Located in Japan and related to Buddhism. Focuses particularly on nature and ancestor worship	57
7442080223	Hearth	An area where an idea or cultural trait originates	58
7442080224	Dialect	A minor variation within a language	59
7442080225	Cultural landscape	A landscape that reveals the many ways people modify their local environment (also called built landscape)	60
7442080226	Taoism	Religion believed to have been founded by Lao-Tsu and based upon his book entitled "Tao-te-ching," or "Book of the Way." Lao-Tsu focused on the proper form of political rule and on the oneness of humanity and nature	61
7442080227	Theocracy	A government guided by a religion	62
7442080228	acculturation	process in which one culture substantially changes through interaction with another (one-way transfer)	63
7442080229	Assimilation	The process through which people lose originally differentiating traits, such as dress, speech particularities or mannerisms, when they come into contact with another society or culture.	64
7442080230	ethnocentrism	evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture	65
7442080231	Language families	The languages which are related by descent from a common protolanguage	66
7442080232	Lingua franca	A second language held in common for international discourse	67
7442080233	Ethnic religion	A religion that is particular to one, culturally distinct, group of people. Adherents do not actively seek converts through evangelism or missionary work	68
7442080234	Folk culture	Culture that preserves traditions	69
7442080235	Culture trait	A single aspect of the complex of routine practices that constitute a particular cultural group	70
7442080236	Zionism	The belief that the Jews should have a homeland of their own	71
7442080237	amalgamation	in ethnic geography, the concept that multiethnic societies become a merger of the culture traits of their member groups	72
7489683441	Supranationalism	A group of independent countries joined together for purposes of mutual interest	73
7489683442	Buddhism	Founded in the 6th century BCE and characterized by the belief that enlightenment would come through knowledge, especially self-knowledge; elimination of greed, craving, and desire; complete honesty; and never hurting another person or animal.	74
7489683443	Creole language	A pidgin that has survived long enough to become a mother tongue	75
7489683444	Confucianism	A philosophy of ethics, education, and public service based on the writings and traditionally thought of as one of the core elements of Chinese culture	76
7489683445	Interfaith boundary	Boundaries between the world's major faiths	77
7489683446	Feng Shui	The placement and design of temples, gravesites, homes, business establishments, and even whole cities to guarantee good luck or happiness	78
7489683448	Intrafaith boundary	Boundaries within a single major faith	79
7489683453	Islam	The youngest of the major world religions	80
7489683454	Germanic languages	English, German, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish that reflect the expansion of peoples out of Northern European to the west and south	81
7489683455	Diaspora	A spatial dispersion of a previously homogeneous group	82
7489683456	Animistic religion	A belief in the ubiquity of spirits or spiritual forces	83
7489683457	Universalizing religion	Adherents often believe that their religion represents universal truths, and in some cases great effort is undertaken in evangelism and missionary work	84
7489683458	Sacred site	An area recognized by individuals or groups as worthy of special attention as a site of special religious experiences or events	85
7489683459	Popular culture	The culture of people who embrace innovation and conform to changing norms	86
7489683460	Pidgin language	A system of communication which has grown up among people who do not share a common language, but who want to talk with each other	87
7577624351	Intrafaith boundary	Boundaries within a single major faith	88
7577624353	Shifting cultivation	A system in which farmers aim to maintain soil fertility by rotating the fields within which cultivation occurs	89
7577624354	Primogeniture	System which the eldest son in a family—or, in exceptional cases, daughter—inherits all of a dying parent's land	90
7577624355	Plantation agriculture	A system of monoculture for producing export crops requiring relatively large amounts of land and capital; originally dependent on slave labor	91
7577624356	Conquest theory	One major theory of how Proto-Indo-European diffused into Europe which holds that the early speakers spread westward on horseback, overpowering earlier inhabitants and beginning the diffusion and differentiation of Indo-European tongues	92
7577624357	Official language	The language in which government business is conducted and official records are kept	93
7577624358	Isogloss	A line around places where speakers use a linguistic feature in the same way	94
7577624359	Nostratic	Language believed to be the ancestral language not only of Proto-Indo-European language among others	95
7577624360	Koppen	A system for classifying the world's climates on the basis of temperature and precipitation	96
7577624361	Nomadism	Movement among a definite set of places—often cyclic movement	97
7577624362	Transhumance	The movement of herds according to seasonal rhythms: warmer, lowland areas in the winter; cooler, highland areas in the summer	98
7577624363	Slash and burn	The system of cultivation in which plants are cropped close to the ground, left for a period, and then ignited	99
7577624364	Renfrew hypothesi	Proposal that three areas near the first agricultural hearth, the Fertile Crescent, gave rise to three language families: Europe's Indo-European languages, North African and Arabian languages, and the languages in present-day Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India	100
7577624365	Rectangular survey	Also called the Public Land Survey	101
7577624366	Pilgrimage	Voluntary travel by an adherent to a sacred site to pay respects or participate in a ritual a the site	102
7577624368	Agribusiness	Highly mechanized, large scale farming, usually under corporate ownership	103
7726204653	Organic agriculture	Approach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs	104
7726204654	horticulture	The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers	105
7726204655	GMO	Any organism that has had its DNA modified in a laboratory rather than through cross-pollination or other forms of evolution	106
7726204656	Intensive farming	any kind of agricultural activity that involves effective and efficient use of labor on small plots of land to maximize crop yield	107
7726204657	Neolithic Revolution	Achieved plant and animal domestication	108
7726204658	Terrace	A farming system that is in the form of steps going up a mountain	109
7726204659	biotechnology	use of genetically engineered crops in agriculture & DNA manipulation in livestock in order to increase production.	110
7726204660	Economies of scale	Increase In Effiency Of Production As The Number Of Goods Being Produced Increases	111
7726204661	Green revolution	the recent introduction of high-yield hybrid crops an chemical fertilizers and pesticides into traditional Asian agricultural systems, most notably paddy rice farming, with attendant increases in production and ecological damage	112
7726204662	Second Agricultural Revolution	Benefited from the industrial revolution. Witnessed improved methods of cultivation, harvesting, and storage of farm produce	113
7726204663	Von Thunen Model	Explains the location of agricultural activities in a commercial, profit-making economy	114
7726204666	Built landscape	Also called cultural landscape	115
7726204668	Aquifer	Subterranean, porous, water-holding rocks that provide millions of wells with steady flows of water.	116
7726204669	Bioclimatic zone	Shifting cultivation and pastoral nomadism are both examples of agricultural systems associated with major __________________	117
7726204670	Commodity chain	Network of labor and production processes beginning with the extraction or production of raw materials and ending with the delivery of a finished commodity	118
7726204671	Extensive farming	an agricultural system characterized by low inputs of labor per unit land area	119
7802684540	Longlot survey	Distinct regional approach to land surveying found in the Canadian Maritimes, parts of Quebec, Louisiana, and Texas whereby land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canal	120
7802684541	Secularism	A lifestyle or policy that deliberately ignores or excludes religious consideration	121
7802684542	Balkanization	Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities	122
7802684543	Autonomous region	An administrative division of a country that has a degree of freedom from an external authority. Typically it is either geographically distinct from the rest of the country or populated by a national minority.	123
7802684544	ASEAN (Association of South East Asia Nations)	Political organization; founded in 1967 in Thailand, southeast countries, accelerate economic growth, social progress, & cultural development	124
7802684545	Megalopolis	Term used to designate large coalescing supercities that are forming in diverse parts of the world. Synonym for conurbation	125
7802684546	Geometric boundary	A political border drawn in a regular, geometric manner, often a straight line, without regard for environmental or cultural patterns	126
7802684549	devolution	Movement of power from central to regional governments	127
7802684550	Delimited	Drawing of boundaries	128
7802684551	Compact state	A state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly	129
7802684552	Centripetal force	Forces that bind a state together	130
7802684553	Centrifugal force	Forces that tend to pull states apart	131
7802684554	Demarcated	Boundary built on the landscape	132
7802684558	Multistate nation	Nation that stretches across borders and across states	133
7802684559	Reapportionment	The process of allocating electoral seats to geographical areas	134
7984412526	European Union	Supranational organization that resulted in Europe's common currency	135
7984412527	Gerrymandering	The drawing of voting district lines in ways that include or exclude specific groups of voters, so that one group gains an unfair advantage	136
7984412528	Law of the Sea	These extend from the edge of the territorial sea out to 200 nautical miles (370 kilometres; 230 miles) from the baseline. Within this area, the coastal nation has sole exploitation rights over all natural resources. In casual use, the term may include the territorial sea and even the continental shelf	137
7984412529	Multinational state	State with more than one nation within its borders	138
7984412530	municipalities	a city or town that has corporate status and local government	139
7984412531	Hierarchical diffusion	A form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or peoples.	140
7984412533	Irredentism	The homeland of a nationality "spilling over" to another state.	141
7984412534	Heartland theory	A 1904 proposal by Mackinder that the key to world conquest lay in control of the interior of Eurasia	142
7984412535	Census	An official enumeration of the population	143
7984412537	Economic devolution	Centrifugal force due to economic disparity within a country	144
7984412538	Federal	A form of government in which a central government shared power with subunits	145
7984412539	Geopolitical	The study of the interplay between international political relations and the territorial/environmental context in which they occur	146
7984412540	Elongated state	A state with a long, narrow shape	147
7984412541	Ethnocultural devolution	Centrifugal force due to multicultural state	148
7984412542	Fragmented state	A state that included several discontinuous pieces of territory	149
7984412543	metropolitan	a major population center made up of a large city and the smaller suburbs and towns that surround it	150
8169102610	Nation	A group of people often sharing common elements of culture, such as religion or language or a history or political identity	151
8169102611	NATO	an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries	152
8169102612	Perforated state	a state that completely surrounds another state. The only good example of a state that completely surrounds another is Lesotho, surrounded by South Africa	153
8169102613	Sovereignty	The exercise of State power over people and territory, recognized by other States and codified by international law	154
8169102614	Spatial devolution	Centrifugal force due to geographic distance- example = USA/Alaska	155
8169102618	Organic Theory	A country, behaves like an organism-to survive, a state requires nourishment, or territory, to gain political power.	156
8169102619	Primary economic activity	An industry engaged in the extraction of natural resources, such as agriculture, lumbering, and mining	157
8169102620	Prorupted state	These states have a long extension as part of their territory. Example = Thailand	158
8169102621	redistricting	to divide anew into districts, as for administrative or electoral purposes	159
8169102622	State morphology	study of states' shapes and their effects	160
8169102623	NAFTA	Agreement entered into by Canada, Mexico, and the United States in December, 1992 and which took effect on January 1, 1994, to eliminate the barriers to trade	161
8169102624	Nanavut	a territory in northern Canada that includes the eastern part of the original Northwest Territories and most of the islands of the Arctic Archipelago; capital Iqaluit. It is the homeland of the Inuit people	162
8169102625	Nation-state	An independent country dominated by a relatively homogeneous culture group	163
8169102626	Rimland Theory	stated that Eurasia's coastal areas, is the key to controlling the World Island.	164
8169102627	Secondary economic activity	Economic activities that process, transform, fabricate, or assemble the raw materials derived from primary activities, or that reassemble, refinish, or package manufactured goods	165

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Neurotransmitters (AP Psychology) Flashcards

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7482346183	acetylcholine (ACh)	Released by motor neurons controlling skeletal muscles. It Contributes to the regulation of attention, arousal, and memory. Some of its receptors are stimulated by nicotine (associated with Alzheimer's Disease) Deficiency - Alzheimer's Curare poisoning paralyzes its victims by blocking ACh receptors involved in muscle movement	0
7482346184	dopamine (DA)	Voluntary movement -Alertness - Attention -Rewards -Emotion Excess - Schizophrenia Deficiency - Parkinson's Disease	1
7482346185	norepinephrine (NE)	-"Fight or flight" response: elevates heart rate, circulation, respiration; slows digestion -Controls alertness, arousal -Mood elevation Deficiency - Depression, ADHD Excess - Anxiety, High blood pressure	2
7482346186	serotonin	-Mood regulation -Hunger/Appetite --Arousal Deficiency - Depression (Treated with SSRI's - selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; prevent serotonin from being reabsorbed in uptake, leaving more in synapses) Excess - Anxiety, OCD, Insomnia, Hypermania (associated with Depressive disorders, Obsessive-compulsive disorders, Eating disorders)	3
7482346187	GABA	Brain's main inhibitory neurotransmitter Deficiency - Seizures, Insomnia	4
7482346188	glutamate	Brain's main (agonist) excitatory neurotransmitter -Creates links between neurons that form basis of learning, long-term memory. Excess - Multiple sclerosis Excess - Seizures & Migraines(Avoid foods with MSG - monosodium glutamate; overstimulate brain)	5
7482346189	Acetylcholine	Alzheimers	6
7482346190	Dopamine	oversupply = Schizophrenia, termors, Parkinson's	7
7482346191	Serotonin	Undersupply = Depression	8
7482346192	Norepinephrine	oversupply can depress mood	9
7482346193	GABA	undersupply = Seizures, tremors, insomnia	10
7482346194	Glutamate	Oversupply can overstimulate brain, migranes or seizures	11
7486870821	Endorphins	-Pain control & relief - Stress reduction -Feelings of pleasure -Natural opiates Deficiency - Addiction Potentially involved in addiction Morphine is an agonist for endorphins	12
7486872372	Endorphins	undersupply - Addiction Potentially involved in addiction	13
7486884814	Endorphins	oversupply can lead to insensitivity to pain/little pain	14

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AP Psychology Unit 14 Flashcards

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6406716402	social psychology	the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e pp. 13, 643)	0
6406716403	attribution theory	the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 644)	1
6406716404	fundamental attribution error	the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 644)	2
6406716405	attitude	feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 646)	3
6406716406	central route persuasion	attitude change path in which interested people focus on logical arguments and scientific data to illicit responce with favorable thoughts. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 646)	4
6406716407	peripheral route persuasion	attitude change path in which people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 646)	5
6406716408	foot-in-the-door phenomenon	the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 647)	6
6406716409	role	a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e pp. 439, 647)	7
6406716410	cognitive dissonance theory	the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting discomfort by changing our attitudes. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 648)	8
6406716411	conformity	adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 651)	9
6406716412	normative social influence	influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 653)	10
6406716413	informational social influence	influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 653)	11
6406716414	social facilitation	stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 657)	12
6406716415	social loafing	the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 658)	13
6406716416	deindividuation	the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 659)	14
6406716417	group polarization	the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 659)	15
6406716418	groupthink	the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 660)	16
6406716419	culture	the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e pp. 43, 661)	17
6406716420	norm	an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. They prescribe "proper" behavior. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 662)	18
6406716421	personal space	the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 662)	19
6406716422	prejudice	an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. It generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 664)	20
6406716423	stereotype	a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 664)	21
6406716424	discrimination	(1) in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus. (2) unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e pp. 222, 664)	22
6406716425	ingroup	"Us"—people with whom we share a common identity. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 668)	23
6406716426	outgroup	"Them"—those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 668)	24
6406716427	ingroup bias	the tendency to favor our own group. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 668)	25
6406716428	scapegoat theory	the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 669)	26
6406716429	other-race effect	the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 669)	27
6406716430	just-world phenomenon	the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 670)	28
6406716431	aggression	physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e pp. 436, 670)	29
6406716432	frustration-aggression principle	the principle that frustration—the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal—creates anger, which can generate aggression. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 672)	30
6406716433	mere exposure effect	the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 678)	31
6406716434	passionate love	an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 683)	32
6406716435	companionate love	the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 684)	33
6406716436	equity	a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 684)	34
6406716437	self-disclosure	revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 684)	35
6406716438	altruism	unselfish regard for the welfare of others. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 685)	36
6406716439	bystander effect	the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 686)	37
6406716440	social exchange theory	the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 687)	38
6406716441	reciprocity norm	an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 687)	39
6406716442	social-responsibility norm	an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 687)	40
6406716443	conflict	a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 688)	41
6406716444	social trap	a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 688)	42
6406716445	mirror-image perceptions	mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 689)	43
6406716446	self-fulfilling prophecy	a belief that leads to its own fulfillment. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 689)	44
6406716447	superordinate goals	shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 690)	45
6406716448	GRIT	Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction—a strategy designed to decrease international tensions. (Myers Psychology for AP 1e p. 692)	46

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AP Literature Vocabulary List 3 Flashcards

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5663991100	Fetter	V: to curb; to hamper; to restrain; to TRAMMEL	0
5663991101	Arrogate	V: to confiscate; to take/claim without right	1
5663991102	Predilection	N: a passion; a fondness; a PROCLIVITY	2
5663991103	Choleric	ADJ: hot-tempered; easily angered	3
5663991104	Ambivalent	ADJ: indecisive; undecided; IRRESOLUTE	4
5663991105	Contumelious	ADJ: insolent; rude	5
5663991106	Prurient	ADJ: lewd; obscene; lustful; LASCIVIOUS	6
5663991107	Machinations	N: schemes; plots	7
5663991108	Ignominious	ADJ: disgraceful; shameful	8
5663991109	Pedantic	ADJ: unimaginative; academic; DIDACTIC	9

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AP Kanji week 28 Flashcards

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9933320671	枚	まい -sheet(s)	0
9933320672	未来	みらい future	1
9933323479	名前	なまえ name	2
9933323480	夜	よる night	3
9933323481	友達	ともだち friend	4
9933325680	予定	よてい plans	5
9933325681	何曜日	なんようび what day of the week?	6
9933327884	必要	ひつよう necessary	7
9933327885	落ちる	おちる to drop	8
9933329131	理由	りゆう reason	9
9933330688	留学	りゅうがく to study abroad	10