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AP Language Flash Cards Flashcards

8408633435	Allegory	a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning	0
8408633436	Alliteration	the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.	1
8408633437	Allusion	An expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or or passing reference	2
8408633438	Ambiguity	The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage.	3
8408633439	Analogy	a comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification.	4
8408633440	Anaphora	Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines	5
8408633441	antecedent	A word, phrase, clause, or sentence to which another word another pronoun refers to	6
8408633442	Antimetabole	Repetition of words in reverse order	7
8408633443	antithesis	puts two contrasting ideas together	8
8408633444	aphorism	a pithy observation that contains a general truth, such as, "if it ain't broke, don't fix it."	9
8408633445	Apostrophe	When a character speaks to a character or object that is not present or is unable to respond	10
8408633446	Asyndeton	the omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence.	11
8408633447	colloquial	Characteristic of ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing	12
8408633448	Conceit	A fanciful expression in writing or speech; an elaborate metaphor	13
8408633449	Connotation	an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.	14
8408633450	declarative sentence	a sentence that makes a statement or declaration	15
8408633451	Diction	A writer's or speaker's choice of words	16
8408633452	euphemism	a mild or inoffensive expression used in place of a harsh or unpleasant one; a substitute	17
8408633453	Exlamatory Sentance	A sentence that expresses strong feelings by making an exclamation.	18
8408633454	extended metaphor	A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work.	19
8408633455	figurative language	Words or expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation	20
8408633456	figure of speech	A word or phrase used in a non-literal sense for rhetorical or vivid effect	21
8408633457	Homily	Sermon, or any serious talk,speech,or lecture providing moral or spiritual advice	22
8408633458	hortative sentence	sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action	23
8408633459	Hyperbole	exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.	24
8408633460	imagery	Visually descriptive or fig. Lang. Especially in a literary work	25
8408633461	imperative sentence	gives a command and ends in a period or exclamation point	26
8408633462	Inference	logical deductions are made based on premises assumed to be true	27
8408633463	interrogative sentence	asks a question, ends in a question mark	28
8408633464	Invective	Insulting, abusive, or highly critical language	29
8408633465	Inversion	Syntactic reversal of the normal order of the words and phrases in a sentence	30
8408633466	Irony	The expression of one's meaning by using language that shows the opposite	31
8408633467	Juxtaposition	Two things put together, while having contrasting effects	32
8408633468	cumulative sentence	Main idea is elaborated by adding clauses or phrases	33
8408633469	Metaphor	A comparison between two things without using like or as	34
8408633470	Metonymy	the substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant	35
8408633471	Mood	Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader	36
8408633472	Motif	A recurring theme, subject or idea	37
8408633473	Onomatopoeia	the formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named	38
8408633474	Oxymoron	A figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction	39
8408633475	Paradox	statement that appears contradictory yet expresses a truth when viewed from another angle	40
8408633476	Parallelism	The use of successive verbal constructions in poetry or prose that correspond in grammatical structure	41
8408633477	Parody	An imitation of the style of a particular writer or artist for comic effect	42
8408633478	Pathos	Emotional meaning of something	43
8408633479	periodic sentence	Main clause or predicate at the end done for emphasis	44
8408633480	Personification	A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes	45
8408633481	Polysyndeton	stylistic device in which several coordinating conjunctions are used in succession	46
8408633482	Qualifier	A word or phrase, especially an adjective, used to attribute a quality to another word	47
8408633483	Repetition	the action of repeating something that has already been said or written.	48
8408633484	rhetorical question	A question asked merely for effect with no answer expected.	49
8408633485	Sarcasm	The use of irony to mock or convey contempt	50
8408633486	Satire	The use of comedic elements to expose and/or criticize people's stupidity or vices	51
8408633487	Simile	Comparing two things, using like or as	52
8408633488	Symbolism	the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities	53
8408633489	Synesthesia	Technique adopted by writers to present ideas, characters, or places in a manner that they appeal to more than one sense, at a given time	54
8408633490	Synecdoche	figure of speech in which a part stands for the whole	55
8408633491	Theme	Moral or lesson of the story	56
8408633492	Tone	The attitude of the author towards a subject or an audience	57
8408633493	Understatement	the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.	58
8408633494	Wit	Intelligent humor, the ability to say or write things that are clever and usually funny.	59

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AP English Language Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary for AP English Language

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7422179460	Ad Hominem Argument	Attacks the opposing speaker or another person rather than addressing the issues at hand	0
7422179461	Allegory	Fictional work in which the characters represent ideas or concepts	1
7422179462	Alliteration	The repetition of consonant sounds, usually at the beginning of words	2
7422179463	Allusion	A reference, usually oblique or faint, to another thing, idea, or person	3
7422179464	Ambiguity	Uncertain or indefinite; subject to more than one interpretation	4
7422179465	Analogy	The correspondence or resemblance between two things that are essentially different	5
7422179466	Anecdote	A short story used to illustrate a point the author is making	6
7422179467	Antecedent	Every pronoun refers back to a previous noun or pronoun	7
7422179468	Antithesis	An opposition or contrast of ideas that is often expressed in balanced phrases or clauses	8
7422179469	Apostrophe	A figure of speech in which an absent person or personified object is addressed by a speaker	9
7422179470	Appositive	A word or phrase that follow a noun or pronoun for emphasis or clarity	10
7422179471	Assonance	A type of internal rhyming in which vowel souds are repeated	11
7422179472	Asyndeton	When the conjunctions (such as "and" or "but") that would normally connect a string of words, phrases, or clauses are omitted from a sentence	12
7422179473	Atmosphere	The emotional feeling -or mood- of a place, scene, or event	13
7422179474	Attitude	The feelings of a particular speaker or piece of writing toward a subject, person, or idea	14
7422179475	Contrast	Oppositions	15
7422179476	Colloquial Language	Slang or common language that is informal	16
7422179477	Connotative	The interpretive level of a word based on associated images rather than the literal meaning	17
7422179478	Deductive Argument	The process of moving from a general rule to a specific example	18
7422179479	Diction	An author's choice of words	19
7422179480	Didactic	Writing which has the purpose of teaching or instructing	20
7422179481	Elegy	A work that expresses sorrow	21
7422179482	Ellipses	Indicated by a series of three periods; shows that words have been omitted	22
7422179483	Ethos	Refers to generally ethics, or values	23
7422179484	Euphemism	A mild or pleasant sounding expression that substitutes for a harsh, indelicate, or simply less pleasant idea	24
7422179485	Exposition	Writing or speech that is organized to explain	25
7422179486	Figurative Language	All uses of language that imply an imaginative comparison	26
7422179487	Foreshadowing	A purposeful hint placed in a work of literature to suggest what may occur later in the narrative	27
7422179488	Hyperbole	A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used to achieve emphasis	28
7422179489	Imagery	A mental picture that is conjured by specific words and associations	29
7422179490	Inductive Argument	Creating a case by providing specific examples and drawing a conclusion based on the evidence they provide	30
7422179491	Irony	When a situation produces and outcome that is the opposite of what is expected	31
7422179492	Juxtaposition	When two contrasting things are placed next to each other for comparison	32
7422179493	Logos	The use of reason as a controlling principle in an argument	33
7422179494	Metaphor	A figure of speech in which two unlike things are compared directly	34
7422179495	Metonymy	A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it	35
7422179496	Mood	The prevailing or dominant feeling of a work, scene, or event	36
7422179497	Onomatopoeia	An effect created by words that have sounds that reinforce their meaning	37
7422179498	Oxymoron	Two contradictory words in one expression	38
7422179499	Paradox	A seeming contradiction that in fact reveals some truth	39
7422179500	Parallelism	A literary technique that relies on the use of the same syntactical structures	40
7422179501	Parody	An effort to ridicule or make fun of a literary work or an author by writing a comic imitation of the work	41
7422179502	Pathos	A sympathetic feeling of pity or compassion evoked by an artistic work	42
7422179503	Periodic Sentence	Presents the main clause at the end of the sentence, for emphasis	43
7422179504	Persona	The character created by the voice and narration of the speaker of a text	44
7422179505	Personification	A figure of speech in which ideas or objects are described as having human qualities or personalities	45
7422179506	Point of View	The particular perspective from which a story is told	46
7422179507	Pun	A play on words	47
7422179508	Repetition	The reiteration of a word or phrase for emphasis	48
7422179509	Rhetoric	The art and logic of a written or spoken argument to persuade, to analyze, or to expose	49
7422179510	Rhetorical Strategy	The way an author organizes words, sentences, and overall argument in order to achieve a particular purpose	50
7422179511	Rhetorical Devices	The specific language tools that an author uses to carry out a rhetorical strategy (diction, imagery, or syntax)	51
7422179512	Rhetorical Question	A question that is asked for the sake of argument	52
7422179513	Satire	To ridicule or mock ideas, persons, events, or doctrines	53
7422179514	Selection of Detail	The specific words, incidents, images, or events the author uses to create a scene or narrative	54
7422179515	Simile	A commonly used figure of speech that compares one thing with another using the words "like" or "as"	55
7422179516	Speaker	The narrator of a story, poem, or drama	56
7422179517	Syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning in which pieces of evidence are used to create a new conclusion	57
7422179518	Symbol	Something that stands for something else	58
7422179519	Synonym	A word that has the same, or nearly the same, meaning as another word	59
7422179520	Syntax	The way words are arranged in a sentence	60
7422179521	Tension	A feeling excitement and expectation the reader or audience feels because of the conflict, mood, or atmosphere of the work	61
7422179522	Theme	The central idea	62
7422179523	Tone	Attitude	63
7422179524	Understatement/Litotes	When an author assigns less significance to an event or thing than it deserves	64
7422179525	Zeugma	When a word is used with two adjacent words in the same construction, but only makes literal sense with one of them	65

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Term 3 AP Language Vocabulary Flashcards

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8940400225	apposite (noun)	highly appropriate	0
8940415677	equivocate (intransitive verb)	avoid committing oneself with what one says	1
8940428650	stoic (noun)	one unmoved by joy, grief, pleasure, or pain	2
8940448538	brazen (adj)	marked by shameless or disrespectful boldness	3
8940470744	hapless (adj)	having no luck	4
8940475828	copious (adj)	abundant; plentiful	5
8940478689	extirpate (verb)	to completely wipe out	6
8940485073	divest (verb)	to deprive or dispossess especially of property, authority, title	7
8940493657	rescind (verb)	to remove, take back, or cancel	8
8940498164	tortuous (adj)	marked by repeated twists, bends, or turns	9
8940508670	spurious (adj)	not being what it purports to be; false or fake	10
8940513499	ennui (noun)	boredom	11
8940515450	nonplussed (adj)	surprised and confused so much that they are unsure how to react	12
8940519188	quixotic (adj)	foolishly impractical especially in the pursuit of ideals	13
8940528265	credulous (adj)	ready to believe especially on slight or uncertain evidence	14
8940534899	monolithic (adj)	huge, massive; cast from a single piece	15
8940540972	aspersion (noun)	a false or misleading charge meant to harm someone's reputation	16
8940550261	daunt (verb)	to lessen the courage of; subdue	17
8940553888	discrete (adj)	individually separate and distinct	18
8940557397	ominous (adj)	threatening; inauspicious	19
8940560400	acerbic (adj)	sharp and sarcastic	20
8940568475	past tense of the verb lead	led	21
8940571817	the 82nd element of the periodic table	lead	22
8940575561	inadvertant (adj)	unintentional	23
8940575563	fulsome (adj)	copious	24
8940580338	trenchant (adj)	keen, sharp	25
8940580340	timorous (adj)	fearful	26
8940582912	ulterior (adj)	going beyond what is explicitly said; underlying	27
8940586648	ostentatious (adj)	seeking to attract attention, admiration, or envy often by gaudiness	28
8940595414	acquiesce (intransitive verb)	comply	29
8940878843	sinuous (adj)	winding; intricate or complex	30
8940881904	preclude (verb)	to rule out in advance	31
8940884510	dearth (noun)	scarcity or lack of supply	32
8940887548	candor (noun)	unreserved, honest, or sincere expression	33
8940892161	panegyric (noun)	a eulogistic oration or writing; celebratory oration	34
8940900013	truculent (adj)	aggressively self-assertive; scathingly harsh	35
8940903954	extricate (verb)	to free or remove from an entanglement or difficulty	36

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AP Lang Review Session Quiz 3 Flashcards

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5308776046	parallelism	the repetition of a syntactic construction in successive sentences for rhetorical effect	0
5308776047	anaphora	the same expression (word or words) is repeated at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences	1
5308776048	epistrophe	the repetition of a word or words at the end of two or more successive clauses or sentences	2
5308778597	polysyndeton	When a writer creates a list of items which are all separated by conjunctions	3
5308778598	asyndeton	the intentional elimination of conjunctions between the phrases and in the sentence, yet maintain the grammatical accuracy	4
5308778599	allusion	A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art	5
5308780180	analogy	A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them	6
5308780181	aphorism	A terse statement which expresses a general truth or a moral principle	7

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AP Language Vocab List #8 Flashcards

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7772073839	Abstruse	Difficult to understand	0
7772073840	Blunderbuss	a clumsy person	1
7772073841	Cringe	recoil; flinch; shy away	2
7772073842	Envenom	to cause bitterness and bad feeling	3
7772073843	Hedonism	self indulgence; pleasure-seeking	4
7772073844	Laconic	brief and to the point	5
7772073845	Oblique	Indirect	6
7772073846	Plumage	feathers of a bird	7
7772073847	Resignation	acceptance of fate	8
7772073848	Tenacious	Holding firm to a purpose	9

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AP Language Literary Terms, AP Language terms Flashcards

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9479667429	Cumulative (Loose) Sentence	begins with a main clause that is followed by phrases and/or clauses that modify the main clause. These phrases or clauses add information to the main or independent clause.	0
9479667430	Periodic Sentence	a sentence that, by leaving the completion of its main clause to the end, produces an effect of suspense.	1
9479667431	Litotes/Understatement	a figure of speech in which a negative statement is used to affirm a positive statement.	2
9479667432	Ethos	an appeal to ethics and it is a means of convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader.	3
9479667433	Pathos	an appeal to emotion, and is a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating an emotional response.	4
9479667434	Induction	a logical process wherein you reason from particulars to universal, using specific cases in order to draw a conclusion, which is also called a generalization.	5
9479667435	Deduction	a logical process wherein you reach a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal truth (a major premise).	6
9479667436	Equivocation	a fallacy of argument in which a lie is given the appearance of truth, or in which the truth is misrepresented in deceptive language.	7
9479667437	Refutation	a denial of the validity of an opposing argument.	8
9479667438	Diction	a speaker's choice of words. Analysis of diction looks at these choices and what they add to the speaker's message.	9
9479667439	Rhetoric	it is the art of finding ways of persuading an audience (art of using words to persuade in writing or speaking).	10
9479667440	Allusion	brief reference to a person, event, or place (real or fictitious) to to a work of art.	11
9479667441	Hyperbole	deliberate exaggeration used for emphasis or to produce a comic or ironic effect; an overstatement to make a point.	12
9479667442	Personification	attribution of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or an idea.	13
9479667443	Polysyndeton	the deliberate use of multiple conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses or words.	14
9479667444	Parallelism	similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses.	15
9479667445	Enumeration	to mention separately as if in counting; name one by one; specify, as in list	16
9479667446	Rhetorical Question	Figure of speech in the form of a question posed for the rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer. Ex.) Are you stupid?	17
9479667447	Chiasmus	the reversal in the order of words in two otherwise parallel phrases. Ex.) He went to the country, the country went to him.	18
9479667448	Rebuttal	In the Toulon model, a rebuttal gives voice to possible objections.	19
9479667449	Bandwagon Appeal	a fallacy of argument in which a course of action is recommended on the grounds that everyone else is following it.	20
9479667450	Begging the Question	a fallacy of argument in which a claim is based on the very grounds that are in doubt or dispute.	21
9479667451	Anecdote	a brief story used to illustrate a point or claim.	22
9479667452	Narrative	is nothing more than storytelling. There is a beginning, a middle, and an end.	23
9479667453	Dogmatism`	a fallacy of argument in which a claim is supported on the grounds that it's the only conclusion acceptable within a given community.	24
9479667454	Non sequitor	a fallacy of argument in which claims, reasons, or warrants fail to connect logically; one point doesn't follow from another.	25
9479667466	Allegory	The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. A story in which each aspect of the story has a symbolic meaning outside the tale itself.	26
9479667467	Alliteration	The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words (as in "she sells sea shells").	27
9479667468	Antithesis	the opposition or contrast of ideas; the direct opposite.	28
9479667469	Aphorism	A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle. (If the authorship is unknown, the statement is generally considered to be a folk proverb.)	29
9479667470	Apostrophe	A prayer like figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. It is an address to someone or something that cannot answer.	30
9479667471	Colloquial/Colloquialism	The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing.	31
9479667472	Connotation	The non-literal, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning.	32
9479667473	Denotation	The strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color.	33
9479667474	Didactic	From the Greek, didactic literally means "teaching." Intending to teach, and particularly, to have moral instruction as an ulterior motive.	34
9479667475	Euphemism	From the Greek for "good speech," euphemisms are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept - POLITICALLY CORRECT	35
9479667476	Extended Metaphor	A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work.	36
9479667477	Figurative Language/Figure of Speech	Figurative language has levels of meaning expressed through figures of speech such as personification, metaphor, hyperbole, irony, oxymoron, litote, and others.	37
9479667478	Genre	The major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama.	38
9479667479	Homily	This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.	39
9479667480	Imagery	The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions.	40
9479667481	Inference/infer	To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented.	41
9479667482	Invective	an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.	42
9479667483	Irony/ironic	The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant, or the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true.	43
9479667484	Loose sentence/non-periodic sentence	A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses.	44
9479667485	Metaphor	A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity.	45
9479667486	Metonymy	A figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it.	46
9479667487	Mood	The prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work resulting from the tone of a piece.	47
9479667488	onomatopoeia	A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words.	48
9479667489	Oxymoron	Oxymoron is a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox.	49
9479667490	Paradox	A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity.	50
9479667491	Parody	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.	51
9479667492	Pedantic	An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish (language that might be described as "show-offy"; using big words for the sake of using big words).	52
9479667493	Point of view	In literature, the perspective from which a story is told.	53
9479667494	Prose	written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure.	54
9479667495	Sarcasm	Involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something.	55
9479667496	Satire	A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule.	56
9479667497	Symbol/symbolism	Generally, anything that represents itself and stands for something else.	57
9479667498	Syntax	The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences.	58
9479667499	Theme	The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life.	59
9479667500	Thesis	The sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or position.	60
9479667501	Tone	Describes the author's attitude toward his material, the audience, or both.	61
9479667502	Slippery Slope	This is the failure to provide evidence to support a claim that one event will lead to a catastrophic chain of events.	62
9479667503	Juxtaposition	Making on idea more dramatic by placing it next to its opposite.	63
9479667504	Logos	An appeal to reason.	64
9479667505	Simile	A critical figure of speech in an argument when what is unknown is compared to something that is known using the word "like," "as," or "than" in order to better perceive its importance.	65
9479667506	narrative devices	This term describes the tools of the storyteller (also used in nonfiction), such as ordering events so that they build to a climactic moment or withholding information until a crucial or appropriate moment when revealing it creates a desired effect. On the essay portion of the exam, this term may also apply to biographical and autobiographical writing.	66
9479667507	narrative techniques	The style of telling the "story," even if the passage is nonfiction. Concentrate on the order of events and on their detail in evaluating a writer's technique.	67
9479667508	Ad hominem argument	An argument attacking an individual's character rather than his or her position on an issue	68
9479667509	Anaphora	Figure of repetition that occurs when the first word or set of words in one sentence, clause, or phrase is/are repeated at or very near the beginning of successive sentences, clauses, or phrases; repetition of the initial words over successive phrases or clauses	69
9479667510	Appeal to authority	A fallacy in which a speaker or writer seeks to persuade not by giving evidence but by appealing to the respect people have for a famous person or institution.	70
9479667511	Argumentation	one of the four forms of discourse which uses logic, ethics, and emotional appeals (logos, ethos, pathos) to develop an effective means to convince the reader to think or act in a certain way.	71
9479667512	Assonance	Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity	72
9479667513	Asyndeton	A series of words separated by commas (with no conjunction).	73
9479667455	verbal irony	what the author/narrator says is actually the opposite of what is meant	74
9479667456	situational irony	when events end up the opposite of what is expected	75
9479667457	dramatic irony	in drama and fiction, facts or situations are known to the reader or audience but not the characters	76
9479667458	jargon	specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group.	77
9479667459	zeugma	a grammatically correct construction in which a word, usually a verb or adjective, is applied to two or more nouns without being repeated. It is often used for comic effect.	78
9479667460	example of zeugma	I lost my keys and my temper.	79
9479667461	example of ad hominem	People attacked a politician due to his extra marital affair instead of focusing on what he has done in office.	80
9479667462	example of allegory	The book Animal Farm represents the main people involved in the Russian Revolution.	81
9479667463	example of anaphora	I have a home. I have a car. I have a family. I have a good life. Repetition of "I have" at the beginning of the sentences.	82
9479667514	example of antithesis		83

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Unit #4 Vocabulary (AP Language and Composition) Flashcards

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7908330680	atrophy	(n.) the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline or failure; (v.) to waste away (synonyms) deterioration, degeneration	0
7908330681	bastion	(n.) a fortified place, stronghold (synonyms) citadel, rampart, bulwark	1
7908330682	concord	(n.) a state of agreement, harmony, unanimity; a treaty, pact, covenant (synonyms) agreement, concensus	2
7908330683	consummate	(v.) to bring to a state of completion or perfection; (adj.) complete or perfect in the highest degree (synonyms) (v.) clinch, conclude; (adj.) supreme, superior, masterful	3
7908330684	disarray	(n.) disorder, confusion; (v.) to throw into disorder (synonyms) (n.) disorganization, disheveled; (adj.) mess up, dishevel	4
7908330685	exigency	(n., often pl.) urgency, pressure; urgent demand, pressing need; an emergency (synonyms) requirement, crisis, need, demand	5
7908330686	flotsam	(n.) floating debris; homeless, impoverished people (synonyms) wreckage, debris, remains	6
7908330687	frenetic	(adj.) frenzied, highly agitated (synonyms) frantic, wild, hectic	7
7908330688	glean	(v.) to gather bit by bit; to gather small quantities of grain left in a field by the reapers (synonyms) collect, obtain, garner	8
7908330689	grouse	(n.) a type of game bird; a complaint; (v.) to complain, grumble (synonyms) (v.) gripe, complain, bellyache	9
7908330690	incarcerate	(v.) to imprison, confine, jail (synonyms) intern, immure, detain	10
7908330691	incumbent	(adj.) obligatory, required; (n.) one who holds a specific office at the time spoken of (synonyms) (adj.) mandatory, necessary; (n.) occupant	11
7908330692	jocular	(adj.) humorous, jesting, jolly, joking (synonyms) waggish, facetious, droll, witty	12
7908330693	ludicrous	(adj.) ridiculous, laughable, absurd (synonyms) risible, preposterous	13
7908330694	mordant	(adj.) biting or caustic in thought, manner, or style; sharply or bitterly harsh (synonyms) acrimonious, acidulous, sardonic, scathing	14
7908330695	nettle	(n) a prickly or stinging plant; (v) to arouse displeasure, impatience, or anger; to vex or irritate severely (synonyms) (v.) peeve, annoy, incense, gall, irk	15
7908330696	pecuniary	(adj.) consisting of or measured in money; of or related to money (synonyms) monetary, financial	16
7908330697	pusillanimous	(adj.) contemptibly cowardly or mean-spirited (synonyms) craven, lily-livered,	17
7908330698	recumbent	(adj.) in a reclining position, lying down, in the posture of one sleeping or resting (synonyms) prone, prostrate, supine, inactive	18
7908330699	stratagem	(n.) a scheme to outwit or deceive an opponent or to gain an end (synonyms) ruse, trick, ploy, subterfuge	19

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AP Language and Composition Flashcards

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7186285168	alliteration	the repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables	0
7186287131	allusion	an indirect reference, often to another text or an historic event	1
7186287578	analogy	an extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things	2
7186288277	anaphora	the repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses	3
7186288576	anecdote	a short account of an interesting event	4
7186288911	annotation	explanatory or critical notes added to a text	5
7186289327	antecedent	the noun to which a later pronoun refers	6
7186290002	antimetabole	the repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast	7
7186290760	antithesis	parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas	8
7186291157	aphorism	a short, astute statement of general truth	9
7186291604	appositive	a word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun	10
7186294077	archaic diction	the use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language	11
7186294978	argument	a statement put forth and supported by evidence	12
7186295311	aristotelian triangle	a diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience	13
7186296521	assertion	an emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument	14
7186297754	assumption	a belief or statement taken for granted without proof	15
7186326525	asyndeton	leaving out conjunction betweens words, phrases, clauses	16
7186329277	attitude	the speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone	17
7186330005	audience	one's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed	18
7186330453	bias	prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue	19
7186333332	cite	identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source	20
7186333671	claim	an assertion, usually supported by evidence	21
7186333915	close reading	a careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of text	22
7186334975	colloquial/ism	an informal or conversation use of language	23
7186335394	common ground	shared beliefs, values, or positions	24
7186336031	complex sentence	a sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause	25
7186336342	concession	a reluctant acknowledgment or yielding	26
7186336623	connotation	that which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning	27
7186336953	context	words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning	28
7186337214	coordination	grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordination conjugation such as and, or but	29
7186337741	counterarguement	a challenge to a position; an opposing argument	30
7186338060	cumulative sentence	an independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail	31
7186340306	declarative sentence	a sentence that makes a statement	32
7186340632	deduction	reasoning from general to specific	33
7186340861	denotation	the literal meaning of a word; its dictionary meaning	34
7186340966	diction	word choice	35
7186341012	documentation	bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing	36
7186341602	elegiac	mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone	37
7186341939	epigram	a brief witty statement	38
7186342407	ethos	a greek term referring to the character or a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	39
7186344795	figurative language	the use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect	40
7186345507	figure of speech	an expression that strives for literary effect rather tan conveying a literal meaning	41
7186345836	hyperbole	exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis	42
7186346178	imagery	vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing)	43
7186359247	imperative sentence	a sentence the requests or commands	44
7186359912	induction	reasoning from specific to general	45
7186360390	inversion	a sentence in which the verb preceded the subject	46
7186361648	irony	a contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result	47
7186362031	juxtaposition	placement of two things side by side for emphasis	48
7186362274	logos	a greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	49
7186362962	metaphor	a figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison	50
7186363652	metonymy	use of an aspect of something to represent the whole	51
7186363974	occasion	an aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing	52
7186364336	oxymoron	a figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms	53
7186364549	paradox	a statement that seems contradictory but is actually true	54
7186364765	parody	a piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule	55
7186365572	pathos	a greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	56
7186367685	persona	the speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing	57
7186367907	personification	assigning lifelike characterisitics to inanimate objects	58
7186368348	polemic	an argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion	59
7186369357	polysyndeton	the deliberate use of a series of conjuctions	60
7186369551	premise	major, minor two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise.	61
7186371332	propaganda	a negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information	62
7186372065	purpose	one's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing	63
7186372322	refute	to discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument	64
7186372781	rhetoric	the study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion"	65
7186373455	rhetorical modes	patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation	66
7186375335	rhetorical question	a question asked more the produce an effect than to summon an answer	67
7186376013	rhetorial triangle	a diagram that represent s a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience	68
7186376651	satire	an ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against	69
7186377245	scheme	a pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect	70
7186378010	sentence patterns	the arrangement or independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions--such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex	71
7186379100	sentence variety	using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect	72
7186379966	simile	a figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things	73
7186380241	simple sentence	a statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause	74
7186380839	source	a book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information	75
7186381503	speaker	a term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing	76
7186382250	straw man	a logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position	77
7186382956	style	the distinctive quality or speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech	78
7186384042	subject	in rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing	79
7186384546	subordinate clause	created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause	80
7186385186	subordination	the dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence	81
7186385824	syllogism	a form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise	82
7186386290	syntax	sentence structure	83
7186386508	synthesize	combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex	84
7186386946	theis	the central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer	85
7186387201	thesis statement	a statement of the central idea in a work, maybe explicit or implicit	86
7186387531	tone	the speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience	87
7186387861	topic sentence	a sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis	88
7186388627	trope	artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech	89
7186388946	understatement	lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect	90
7186389599	voice	in grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing	91
7186391130	zuegma	a construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or governs--often in different, sometimes incongruent ways--two or more words in a sentence	92

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Ap language vocab test 1 Flashcards

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4927952963	Reproach	v. address (someone) in such a way as to express disapproval or disappointment	0
4927952964	Seditious	adj. inciting or causing people to rebel against the authority of a state or monarch.	1
4927952965	Squalor	n. a state of being extremely dirty and unpleasant, especially as a result of poverty or neglect.	2
4927952966	Stolid	adj. (of a person) calm, dependable, and showing little emotion or animation.	3
4927952967	Stymied	v.prevent or hinder the progress of.	4
4927952968	Substrate	n.a substance or layer that underlies something, or on which some process occurs, in particular.	5
4927952969	Tumultuous	adj.making a loud, confused noise; uproarious	6
4927952970	Valetudinarian	n.a person who is unduly anxious about their health.	7
4927952971	Verdant	adj.(of countryside) green with grass or other rich vegetation.	8
4927952972	Disposition	(noun) a person's inherent qualities of mind and character	9
4927952973	Vex	v.make (someone) feel annoyed, frustrated, or worried, especially with trivial matters	10
4927952974	Disparaging	(adjective) expressing the opinion that something is of little worth; derogatory.	11
4927952975	Festoon	(noun) a chain or garland of flowers, leaves, or ribbons, hung in a curve as a decoration.	12
4927952976	Lament	(noun) a passionate expression of grief or sorrow.	13
4927952977	Mutualism	(noun) the doctrine that mutual dependence is necessary to social well-being.	14
4927952978	Olfactory	(adjective) of or relating to the sense of smell.	15
4927952979	Paradigm	(noun) a typical example or pattern of something; a model.	16
4927952980	Plaintive	(adjective) sounding sad and mournful	17
4927952981	Prosaic	(adjective) having the style or diction of prose; lacking poetic beauty.	18
4927952982	Quail	V. Scared	19
4928046308	Adept	(adjective) very skilled or proficient at something.	20
4928046309	Aggregate	(noun) a whole formed by combining several (typically disparate) elements.	21
4928046310	Amplify	(verb) increase the volume of (sound), especially using an amplifier.	22
4928046311	Anomaly	(noun) something that deviates from what is standard, normal, or expected.	23
4928046312	Bequeath	(verb) leave (a personal estate or one's body) to a person or other beneficiary by a will.	24
4928046313	Cadence	(noun) a modulation or inflection of the voice.	25
4928046314	Cognitive	(adjective) of or relating to this cognition.	26
4928046315	Conducive	(adjective) making a certain situation or outcome likely or possible	27
4928046316	Convivial	(adjective) friendly, lively, and enjoyable.	28
4928046317	Dexterity	(noun) skill in performing tasks, especially with the hands.	29

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