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AP Human Geography Chapter 5 Language Flashcards

Language

8194194405	Dialect	A particular form of a language that is particular to a specific region or social group.	0
8194194408	Ideogram	A written character symbolizing the idea of a thing without indicating the sounds used to say it. An Example: 6 (six)	1
8194194409	Isogloss	A geographic boundary line delimiting the area in which a given linguistic feature occurs.	2
8194194417	Lingua Franca	A Language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages	3
8194194422	Official Language	The language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents.	4
8194194423	Orthography	The conventional spelling system of a language.	5
8194194426	Toponym	a place name or a word derived from the name of a place	6
8194194428	Vernacular	Using a language or dialect native to a region or country rather than a literary, cultured, or foreign language. It is usually the language of the common people.	7
8194194429	Creole	a mother tongue formed from the contact of two languages through an earlier pidgin stage	8
8194253123	syntax		9

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Myers for AP Psychology Unit 7B: THINKING & LANGUAGE Flashcards

Thinking Problem Solving Creativity and Language

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10348226704	cognition	all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.	0
10348226705	Concept	a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people	1
10348226706	Prototype	a standard or typical example (Is that a computer screen that BENDS?!)	2
10348226707	algorithm	a precise rule (or set of rules) specifying how to solve some problem	3
10348226708	Heuristic	a commonsense rule (or set of rules) intended to increase the probability of solving some problem	4
10348226709	Insight	A cognitive form of learning involving the mental rearragnment or restructuring of the elements in a problem to achieve an understanding or the problem and arrive at a solution	5
10348226710	Creativity	the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas	6
10348226711	Confirmation bias	a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions	7
10348226712	fixation	the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set	8
10348226713	Mental Set	a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past	9
10348226714	Functional fixedness	the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving (Is a shoe just a shoe?)	10
10348226715	Representative heuristic	judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevent information	11
10348226716	Availability heuristic	estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common	12
10348226717	Overconfidence	total certainty or greater certainty than circumstances warrant	13
10348226718	Belief Perseverance	clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited	14
10348226719	Intuition	instinctive knowing (without the use of rational processes)	15
10348226720	Framing	formulation of the plans and important details	16
10348226721	Language	the mental faculty or power of vocal communication	17
10348226722	Phoneme	(linguistics) one of a small set of speech sounds that are distinguished by the speakers of a particular language	18
10348226723	Morpheme	minimal meaningful language unit	19
10348226724	Grammar	studies of the formation of basic linguistic units	20
10348226725	Semantics	the study of language meaning	21
10348226726	Syntax	the grammatical arrangement of words in sentences	22
10348226727	Babbling Stage	beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household lanuage.	23
10348226728	One-word Stage	the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words	24
10348226729	Two-word stage	beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements	25
10348226730	Telegraphic speech	early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram--'go car'--using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting 'auxiliary' words	26
10348226731	Linguistic determinism	Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think	27
10348226732	Noam Chomsky	United States linguist whose theory of generative grammar redefined the field of linguistics (born 1928)	28
10348226733	B.F Skinner	pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that language development is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments	29
10348226734	Benjamin Whorf	Concept of "liguistic determinism" or how language impacts thought	30

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AP Psych Thinking and Language Flashcards

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7477851373	mental rehearsal	the use of imagery to practice an act mentally	0
7477851742	bilingual advantage	the experience of knowing 2+ languages strengthens executive control	1
7477852774	linguistic relativism	the worldview of culture is shaped and reflected by their language	2
7477853154	linguistic determinism	language determines the way we think	3
7477854025	language acquisition device	hypothetical tool in the brain that helps kids quickly learn and understand language	4
7477854880	wernicke's area	brain area involved in language comprehension and expression	5
7477855649	broca's area	area of frontal lobe that directs muscle movements involved in speech and controls language expression	6
7477856142	aphasia	impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage	7
7477856733	critical period	times when certain environmental influences can impact an infant's development	8
7477857898	telegraphic speech	form of communication made up of simple 2 word sentences	9
7477859215	two word stage	stage of speech development where a child speaks mostly two word statements	10
7477861635	one word stage	stage of speech development when a child speaks mostly in single words	11
7477862465	babbling stage	stage of speech development where an infant says meaningless sounds	12
7477863180	productive language	speaking and writing	13
7477863752	receptive language	the ability to understand information	14
7477864363	syntax	the rules for combining words into grammatically correct sentences	15
7477864777	semantics	the set of rules we follow to obtain meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences	16
7477865644	grammar	system of rules that enable us to communicate with and understand others	17
7477866128	morpheme	the smallest unit that carries meaning	18
7477866571	phoneme	the smallest distinctive sound unit	19
7477866936	language	words that we combine to communicate meaning	20
7477867449	framing	the way an issue is posed	21
7477867954	belief perseverance	sticking with your initial beliefs even after they have been discredited	22
7477868605	overconfidence	the tendency to be more confident than correct	23
7477868994	representative heuristic	mental shortcut that helps us make a decision by comparing information to our mental prototypes	24
7477869484	availability heuristic	mental shortcut that helps us make a decision based on how easy it is to bring something to mind	25
7477872646	intuition	the ability to understand something instinctively without conscious reasoning	26
7477873376	functional fixedness	the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual function	27
7477873656	mental set	the tendency to approach a problem in a way that's worked in the past	28
7477874209	deductive reasoning	logical process where a conclusion is based on the consistency of multiple premises that are generally believed to be true	29
7477874540	inductive reasoning	taking general principles from specific facts or instances	30
7477875101	fixation	the inability to see a problem from a new perspective	31
7477875511	confirmation bias	the tendency to search for info that aligns with our beliefs	32
7477876409	convergent thinking	the ability to get the right answer without creative thinking	33
7477876696	divergent thinking	thought process used to generate creative thinking by exploring different solutions	34
7477877058	insight	a sudden realization of a solution	35
7477877416	heuristics	mental shortcuts	36
7477877417	algorithm	logical rule of procedure that guarantees solving of a problem	37
7477877848	trial and error	guessing and checking	38
7477878312	prototype	mental image	39
7477878715	concept	mental groupings	40
7477879148	cognition	all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating	41
7477879727	cognitive psychology	the scientific study of mind and mental function	42

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AP Psychology: Language Flashcards

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6716319817	Aphasia	Impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's Area or to Wernicke's Area.	0
6716322564	Babbling Stage	Beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language.	1
6716326581	Broca's Area	Controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs muscle movements in speech.	2
6716331219	Grammar	In a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate and understand others.	3
6716333624	Linguistic Determinism	Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think.	4
6716335277	Morpheme	In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word.	5
6716337646	One Word Stage	The stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words	6
6716344031	Overgeneralization	the process of extending the application of a rule to items that are excluded from it in the language norm, as when a child uses the regular past tense verb ending -ed of forms like I walked to produce forms like I goed or I rided.	7
6716346690	Phoneme	In language, the smallest distinctive sound unit.	8
6716348851	Semantics	The set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language.	9
6716351128	Syntax	The rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language.	10
6716361672	Telegraphic Speech	Early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram - "go car" - using mostly nouns and verbs.	11
6716369541	Two Word Stage	Beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two word statements.	12
6716373784	Universal Adaptability	In linguistics, the point when an infant can distinguish sounds from any language and reproduce them.	13
6716381770	Universal Grammar	the theory of the genetic component of the language faculty, usually credited to Noam Chomsky.	14
6716393533	Wernicke's Area	Controls Language Reception - a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression.	15

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WHS Lonker AP Language vocab fall cumulative Flashcards

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5540733782	archetype	an old imaginative pattern that appears in literature across cultures and is repeated through ages. Example...prince saves princess; underdog rises	0
5540780341	assertion	the thesis or position a writer puts forward in an argument	1
5540784953	claim	the thesis or position a writer puts forward in an argument	2
5540789874	connotation	personal meaning and relationship with the word; emotional undertones	3
5540793845	denotation	specific, exact, meaning of a word; dictionary definition	4
5540798199	diction	use of words written in discourse; accurate careful use of words	5
5540833124	ethical appeal	(ethos) authors credibility and background; made to appeal to readers sense of right and wrong	6
5540839347	emotional appeal	(pathos) statements used to appeal to emotions	7
5547451549	exigence	the need or demand, intrinsic motivation to write	8
5547455235	existentialism	a philosophy that emphasizes the uniqueness and isolation of an individual experience in a hostile or indifferent universe	9
5547460912	irony	the use of words to suggest something different from their literal meaning	10
5547463254	logical appeal	(logos) principles of reasoning; valid reasoning	11
5547479352	mood	emotional, intellectual attitude of the author toward the subject	12
5547482691	point of view	the manner in which the literary materials are presented to the reader; vantage point of the author	13
5547489431	realism	truthful treatment of materials from the common, the average, and the everyday	14
5547492631	rhetoric	the art of persuasion	15
5547495230	structure	construction of sentences and arrangement of ideas	16
5547497832	theme	main dominating idea	17
5547499514	tone	attitude of the writer toward the subject; used to designate mood	18
5547502557	apostrophe	figure of speech in which the writer speaks directly to an abstract person or idea	19
5547506428	synecdoche	figure of speech uses a part to represent the whole; got a new set of wheels	20
5547511529	metonymy	substitutes a term naming an object closely associated with the word for the word itself "counting heads" "the bottle"	21
5547517003	litotes	understatement used for emphasis or affirmation; asserts a point by denying the opposite; not just sarcasm	22
5547521298	alliteration	repeating consonant sound	23
5547523572	allusion	indirect reference to famous idea, person, or book	24
5547526352	analogy	literal comparison	25
5547527785	anaphora	repetition for emphasis	26
5547529320	antithesis	figure of speech characterized by contrasting words, clauses, sentences, or ideas; give me liberty or give me death	27
5547533788	conceit	elaborate surprising figure of speech comparing two very dissimilar things; higher level thinking	28
5547539351	epithet	an adjective before a character's name; oh great thunder Zeus	29
5547543209	false analogy	wrongful comparison of dissimilar situations	30
5547545926	flashback	device where writer presents scenes or incidents that occur prior to opening scenes	31
5547549918	foreshadowing	arrangement of events and information that prepares reader for later events	32
5547552593	hyperbole	obvious intentional exaggeration not to be taken literally; I'm so hungry, I could eat a horse	33
5547558573	imagery	qualities of work that show concreteness to appeal to memory	34
5547561726	metaphor	direct comparison	35
5547563430	onomatopoeia	sound word; bang!	36
5547564794	oxymoron	two contradictory terms used together; wise fool or jumbo shrimp	37
5547568305	paradox	statement which seems contradictory but is true; takes money to make money	38
5547581073	parallelism	structural arrangement of parts of a sentence, sentences and larger units in writing showing one element is of equal importance to another	39
5547588238	personification	giving human qualities to a non human things	40
5547590715	rhetorical question	writer poses a question to an audience but does not expect an answer	41
5547594592	simile	like or as indirect comparison	42
5547595891	understatement	minimizes the obvious importance of seriousness; assumes audience knows the significance	43
5547600638	ambiguity	doubtfulness or uncertainty of meaning or intention	44
5547603426	assumption	a belief, state or implied, that is taken for granted (not understatement)	45
5547607340	cliché	an expression that has become ineffective through over use	46
5547609434	coherence	good quality of good writing that results when al sentences, paragraphs, and longer divisions of an essay are connected naturally	47
5547615465	colloquial expression	informal language that is acceptable in formal writing only if used purposefully	48
5547618856	deduction	process of reasoning from a stated premise to a conclusion; moves from general to specific	49
5548520834	ellipsis	...	50
5548520835	generalization	to deal in generalities; to speak or write vaguely	51
5548525204	humor	writing whose purpose is invoking laughter	52
5548532134	idiom	word or phrase that is used habitually with particular meaning in a language; meaning of an idiom is not readily apparent to non native speakers	53
5548539187	induction	process of reasoning to a conclusion; moves from specific to general	54
5548542636	inversion	the placing of a sentence element out of its normal position to gain emphasis	55
5548546468	oversimplification	simplification to the point of causing misrepresentation, misconception	56
5548551184	paraphrase	restatement of an idea to retain meaning while changing the diction and form	57
5548554633	refutation	prove false or erroneous; overthrown by argument or proof	58
5548558545	sarcasm	verbal irony in which, under the guise of praise, a caustic and bitter expression of strong and personal disapproval is given; intended as a sneering taunt	59
5548568546	satire	literary manner which blends a critical attitude with humor and for the purpose of improving human institutions or conditions of; attempt to ridicule institutions for the purpose of inspiring remodeling	60
5548583352	slanting	use of certain words put together to form phrases and sentences	61
5548591579	syntax	way words are put together to form phrases	62
5548593649	unity	how words/sentences/paragraphs contribute to its thesis, all elements support single idea/purpose	63
5548648678	abstract language	thoughts or statements which refer to general qualities conditions, ideas, actions, or relationships that cannot be directly perceived by the senses; love or freedom	64
5548656491	assonance	repetition of vowel sounds	65
5548659795	asyndeton	condensed form of expression in which words, phrases, or clauses are not joined by conjunction	66
5548664173	balanced sentenced	no definition	67
5548667048	chiasmus	a reversal in the order of words in two otherwise parallel phrases	68
5548670858	concrete language	names specific objects, people, places, or actions that can be directly perceived by the senses	69
5548682952	consonance	repetition of consonant sounds	70
5548684625	equivocation	statement that is not literally false but clearly avoids truth; intentionally vague but not dishonest	71
5548694245	figurative language	writing that departs from literal meaning	72
5548696255	inference	drawing a reasonable conclusion from the material presented	73
5548698477	jargon	vocabulary specific to a trade or profession	74
5548701879	juxtaposition	literary technique in which two or more characters, ideas, actions, etc...are placed side by side with each other for compare and contrast	75
5548709819	loose sentence	sentence that does not end with a completion of its main clause but continues with subordinate clauses	76
5548716440	non sequitur	fallacy; conclusion does not follow the premise or evidence upon which it is based; error due to lack of logic	77
5548722553	periodic sentence	sentence where the main clause is toward the end to sentence	78
5548727046	polysyndeton	repetition of conjunctions close to succession for rhetorical effect	79
5548731950	post hoc; ergo	fallacy; post hoc: in which one event is said to have caused a later event simply because it happened earlier; ego:consequently	80
5548741674	slang	very informal language only acceptable if used purposefully	81

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AP English Language and Composition Flashcards

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6819054767	Allegory	The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent and abstraction in addition to literal meaning.	0
6819054768	Antecedent	Word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.	1
6819054769	Antithesis	Opposition or contrast of ideas through parallelism.	2
6819054770	Aphorism	Terse statement of unknown authorship which expresses a general truth or moral	3
6819054771	Apostrophe	A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love.	4
6819054772	Colloquial/Colloquialism	The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing.	5
6819054773	Conceit	A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects.	6
6819054774	Euphemism	a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept.	7
6819054775	Homily	This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.	8
6819054776	Invective	An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.	9
6819054777	Metonymy	a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it.	10
6819054778	Anaphora	A sub-type of parallelism, when the exact repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines or sentences.	11
6819054779	Pedantic	An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish	12
6819054780	Prose	one of the major divisions of genre, prose refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms.	13
6819054781	Semantics	The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one another.	14
6819054782	Syllogism	From the Greek for "reckoning together," a syllogism is a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion.	15
6819054783	Synecdoche	A figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole or, occasionally, the whole is used to represent a part.	16
6819054784	Synesthesia	When one kind of sensory stimulus evokes the subjective experience of another.	17
6819054785	Annotation	Explanatory or critical notes added to a text.	18
6819054786	Epigram	A brief witty statement.	19
6819054787	Digression	The use of material unrelated to the subject of a work.	20
6819054788	Ellipsis	the omission of a word or several words necessary for a complete construction that is still understandable.	21
6819054789	Ad Hominem	Directed to or appealing to feelings or prejudices instead of to intellect or reason.	22
6819054790	Anachronism	A person, scene, event or other element that fails to correspond with the appropriate time or era.	23
6819054791	Didactic	Having an instructive purpose; intending to convey information to teach a lesson usually in a dry, pompous manner.	24
6819054792	Fallacy	An incorrect belief or supposition based on faulty data, defective evidence, or false information.	25
6819054793	Hubris	Excessive pride that often affects tone.	26
6819054794	Inductive Reasoning	A method of reasoning in which a number of specific facts or examples are used to make a generalization.	27
6819054795	Litotes	A form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis or intensity.	28
6819054796	Motif	A phrase, idea, or event that through repetition serves to unify or convey a theme in an essay or other discourse.	29
6819054797	Non Sequitur	A statement or idea that fails to follow logically from the one before.	30
6819054798	Anecdote	A short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person.	31
6819054799	Jargon	Special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand.	32
6819054800	Diatribe	A forceful and bitter verbal attack against someone or something.	33
6819054801	Dogmatic	Inclined to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true.	34
6819054802	Pernicious	Having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way.	35
6819054803	Bellicose	Demonstrating aggression and willingness to fight.	36
6819054804	Voracious	Craving or consuming large quantities of food.	37
6819054805	Zealous	Having or showing zeal.	38
6819054806	Tacit	Understood or implied without being stated.	39
6819054807	Innuendo	An allusive or oblique remark or hint, typically a suggestive or disparaging one.	40
6819054808	Languid	Displaying or having a disinclination for physical exertion or effort; slow and relaxed.	41
6819054809	Consecrate	Make or declare (something, typically a church) sacred; dedicate formally to a religious or divine purpose.	42
6819054810	Dyspeptic	Of or having indigestion or consequent irritability or depression.	43
6819054811	Doggerel	Comic verse composed in irregular rhythm.	44
6819054812	Petulant	Childishly sulky or bad-tempered.	45
6819054813	Infidel	A person who does not believe in religion or who adheres to a religion other than one's own.	46
6819054814	Exhort	Strongly encourage or urge someone to do something.	47
6819054815	Cloistered	Kept away from the outside world; sheltered.	48
6819054816	Vex	Make (someone) feel annoyed, frustrated, or worried, especially with trivial matters.	49

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AP English Language Vocab Flashcards

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8672749753	absolutes	a choice in which something mus be one way or the other	0
8672751501	abstract	not applied to actual objects	1
8672753070	acquired	developed or learned	2
8672755467	active voice	any sentence with an active verb	3
8672757944	aesthetic	appreciation of beauty	4
8672766290	affable	easy-going or friendly	5
8672768793	alienated	removed from society	6
8672770488	alleviate	to ease a pain or burden	7
8672773004	alliance	a union of two or more groupps	8
8672773005	alliteration	repetition of a phonetic sound at the beginning of several words	9
8672776672	allusion	a reference that recalls another work	10
8672783606	ambiguity	not a clear meaning	11
8672810229	abiguous	open to interpretation	12
8672812810	ambivalent	having opposing feelings	13
8672815644	amenable	agreeable	14
8672815647	ample	having a large amount	15
8672819696	analogy	a term that signifies a relational comparison of or similarity between two objects	16
8672846583	antithesis	an observation or claim that is in opposition to your claim or an author's claim	17
8672850526	apathetic	having or showing little emotion	18
8672863755	apology	defense of an idea	19
8672875737	apparatus	equipment	20
8672880238	appositive	a noun phrase placed as another explanation	21
8672883120	apprehension	fear of anxiety of the future	22
8672889976	arbitrary	determined by impulse rather than reason	23
8672894093	archaic	old fashioned	24
8672896280	archetype	a perfect example; an original pattern	25
8672897970	argumentation	process of forming reason, justifying beliefs, or drawing conclusions with the aim of influencing the thoughts, actions, or beliefs of others	26
8672908370	argument from ignorance	argument stating something is true because it hasn't been proven false	27
8672911443	arid	dry (climate)	28
8672914063	assertion	a declaration or statement	29
8672915548	astute	clever	30
8672924788	asylum	a place of retreat or security	31
8672928268	austere	strict	32
8672930747	bandwagon	"everyone's doing it" fallacy	33
8681725946	benevolent	generous	34
8681727079	benign	gentle	35
8681728538	biased	prejudiced	36
8681728539	brittle	easily broken	37
8681730073	camaraderie	good will between friends	38
8681731567	candor	honesty and openness	39
8681733013	catalog	an itemized list	40
8681735125	cause and effect	"after this, therefore because of this"	41
8681738373	cause/effect	one event brings about the other event	42
8681741463	clandestine	secretive	43
8681741464	clarity	clearness in expression	44
8681743007	coherent	logically connected	45
8681745232	cohesive	sticking together	46
8681746435	compare/contrast	identifying similarities and differences between things	47
8681747795	compelling	forceful	48
8681749721	complex	sentence structure that is a combination of a dependent clause and an independent clause	49
8681910693	compound complex	a compound and a complex sentence	50
8681912094	compound	two independent clauses joined together by a coordination conjunction	51
8681915035	comprehensive	large in content	52
8681916512	conception	to form and understand an idea	53
8681916546	condemn	express strong disapproval of	54
8681919068	condescending	treating people as inferior	55
8682270586	connotation	moods or feeling surrounding a word	56
8682272110	consensus	general agreement	57
8682274485	contemporary	current or modern	58
8682275373	contemptuous	feeling hatred	59
8682277908	context	circumstances of a situation	60
8682286178	conviction	a feeling of strong belief	61
8682287805	cordial	friendly	62
8682289647	coup	a brilliantly executed plan	63
8682291551	cryptic	difficult to comprehend	64
8682292785	declarative sentence	basic statement of assertion	65
8682296754	decorous	marked by good taste	66
8682298549	deductive	form of logical argumentation by accepting the claims as true that you can deduce the correct conclusion from the accepted premises	67
8682304753	definition	formal statement of the meaning of a word or phrase	68
8682317252	denotation	literal meaning of a word	69
8682318363	dependent clause	a noun and verb that cannot stand alone	70
8682320082	derived	adapted from a source	71
8682321902	description	using senses to portray a person, place, or thing	72
8682323952	dialect	a regional speech pattern	73
8682325673	dictatorial	oppressively overbearing	74
8682328481	diction	the specific use of words	75
8682332543	discourse	verbal expression or exchange	76
8682336256	discredit	to cause to be doubted	77
8682337239	disdain	to look down on	78
8682338290	disingenuous	not straightforward	79
8682339266	disparity	inequality in age, rank, or degree	80
8682342052	dogged	stubbornly perservering	81
8682343293	dubious	doubtful	82
8682346454	eclectic	made up of a variety of sources or styles	83
8682348606	egregious	conspicuously bad or offensive	84
8682350464	ellipsis	three dots that indicate words have been left out of a quote	85
8682354218	eloquence	speak vividly or persuasively	86
8682356548	elusive	difficult to capture	87
8682358728	embellish	to decorate	88
8682359638	emigrate	to leave a country or religion	89
8682360555	emotional words	demonstrate a writer's intense feelings or emotions	90
8682363012	emphasize	to give special attention to something	91
8682364633	endure	to put up with	92
8682365735	enlightening	informative	93
8682366967	ethos	argumentation identified as an appeal to credibility (ethics)	94
8682372461	euphemism	to use a safer or nicer word for something others find inappropriate or unappealing	95
8682375206	excerpt	a selected part of a passage	96
8682377180	exlamatory sentence	a sentence that conveys excitement or force	97
8682380160	exemplary	commendable	98
8682381293	exemplification	showing by example	99
8682382249	fabricated	concocted to deceive	100
8682390722	facetious	playfully humorous	101
8682390723	facile	easy	102
8682390737	fallacy	a failure of logical reasoning	103
8682392069	false analogy	argument using an inappropriate metaphor	104
8682393259	fastidious	possessing careful attention to detail	105
8689532517	figurative language	compares one thing to to another in a way that is not logical but still makes sense	106
8689539566	flagrant	extrememly or deliberately shocking	107
8689543157	florid	describing flowery speech	108
8689545937	fluid	easily flowing	109
8689549398	frank	straightforward	110
8689555293	futile	pointless	111
8689556930	genre	a category	112
8689560049	gratuitous	given freely	113
8689564200	haughty	arrogant	114
8689564202	heinous	hatefully evil	115
8689566849	hierarchy	a group organized by rank	116
8689569039	humor	a specific tone or attitude used to attempt to be comedic or amusing	117
8689575966	hyperbole	an exaggeration	118
8689578593	hypocrisy	pretending to be something one is not	119
8689581125	hypothetical	existing only as an assumption or speculation	120
8689584025	idealize	to consider perfect	121
8689584028	imagery	one of the five sense used to evoke feelings	122
8689597213	impartial	not in favor of one side or the other	123
8689600168	impede	to slow the progress	124
8689605619	imperative sentence	a command	125
8689605622	imperious	arrogantly domineering	126
8689609065	implication	the act of suggesting or hinting	127
8689611845	impression	a feeling or understanding resulting from an experience	128
8689614608	inconsequential	unimportant	129
8689619572	incumbent	imposed as a duty	130
8689619575	independent cluase	a noun and verb that can stand alone	131
8689623587	indifferent	not caring one eay or the other	132
8689626001	indolent	lazy	133
8689626002	inductive	logical argumentation that requires the use of examples	134
8689632050	inevitable	certain to happen	135
8689635576	infinitive	"to" + a verb	136
8689639130	inherent	built-in	137
8689641415	innate	possessed from birth	138
8689643665	innovative	introducing something new	139
8689649036	insipid	unchallenging	140
8689651646	insolent	insulting in manner or speech	141
8689717607	integrity	trustworthiness	142
8689721588	interrogative sentence	a question	143
8689724946	intrepid	fearless	144
8689729629	intuition	the power of knowing things without thinking	145
8689733726	irony	use of words to express something other than and often the opposite of the literal meaning	146
8689757916	jargon	a patter of speech and vocabulary associated with a particular group of people	147
8689762936	lament	to express grief	148
8689765944	listless	lacking energy	149
8689765946	logos	an appeal to reason (logic)	150
8689804698	lucis	easily understood	151
8689804740	malice	spite	152
8689806621	malleable	easily shaped or formed	153
8689809732	maverick	one who is independent and resists adherence to a group	154
8689812748	mediocrity	state or qualiity of being average	155
8689815031	medieval	referring to Middle Ages	156
8689816789	medley	an assortment or mixture	157
8689820935	malancholy	sadness	158
8689820936	metaphor	something is compared to another thing without like or as	159
8689825625	meticulous	extremely careful or precise	160
8689831773	misconception	an incorrect understanding	161
8689833515	modest	quiet or humble in manner	162
8689874945	mundane	ordinary	163
8689876776	mural	a large painting directly on a wall	164
8689884013	naive	lacking sophistication	165
8689886358	narration	a specific way of telling a story	166
8689904135	narrative	a story	167
8689907413	nocturnal	of or occurring in hte night	168
8689909723	non sequitur	"does not follow" logically irrelevant	169
8689946263	notorious	infamous	170
8689948190	novel	strikingly new or unsual	171
8689948191	novice	a beginner	172
8689971840	object	a noun toward which thought, feeling, or action is directed	173
8689974260	objectivity	treating facts without influence from perssonal feelings or prejudice	174
8689978465	obscure	relatively unknown	175
8689981650	obsolete	no longer in use	176
8689985515	onstinate	stubbornly adhering to an opinon	177
8689987862	ominous	menacing	178
8689990710	omnipotent	all-powerful	179
8689993374	onomatopeoeia	a sound imitating the thing or action associated with it	180
8690002815	ornate	elaborately decorated	181
8690006952	oxymoron	two words that create opposition	182
8690014620	paradigm	an example or model	183
8690016852	paradox	a statement that seems senseless or self-contradictory but is true	184
8690043410	parallelism	a grammar construction in which two identical syntactic constructions are used	185
8690068318	parallel syntax	a pattern of speech or language that creates sa rhythm of repetition often combined with some other language of repetition	186
8690076366	parentheticals	phrases, sentences, and words inside of parentheses	187
8690084629	parody	an artistic work that imitates the style or another word for comedic effect	188
8690088879	participle	a verbal action used as an adjective (most often ends in -ing or -ed)	189
8690095282	passive voice	opposite of active voice; in this voice, something happens to someone	190
8690113126	pathos	an appeal based on emotion (empathy/sympathy)	191

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AP English Language Vocab Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

9745651437	Abstract	refers to language that describes concepts rather than concrete images	0
9745651438	Ad Hominem	in an argument, this is an attack on the person rather than on the opponents ideas.	1
9745651439	Allegory	a work that functions on a symbolic level.	2
9745651440	Alliteration	the repetition of initial consonant sounds.	3
9745651441	Analogy	a reference contained to serve as a basis for comparison. Comparison between two different items.	4
9745651442	Allusion	a reference contained in a work.	5
9745651443	Anecdote	a story or brief episode told by the writer or a character to illustrate a point.	6
9745651444	Antecedent	the word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers.	7
9745651445	Antithesis	the presentation of two contrasting images. The ideas are balanced by word, phrase, clause, or paragraphs.	8
9745651446	Argument	a single assertion or series of assertions presented and defended by the writer.	9
9745651447	Attitude	the relationship the author has towards their subject or their audience.	10
9745651448	Balance	a situation in which all parts of the presentation are equal.	11
9745651449	Cacophony	harsh and discordant sounds in a line or passage in a literary work.	12
9745651450	Character	those who carry out the action of the plot in literature.	13
9745651451	Colloquial	the use of slang in writing, often to create color and to provide an informal tone.	14
9745651452	Comic Relief	the inclusion of a humorous character or scene to contrast with the tragic elements of a work, thereby intensifying the next tragic event.	15
9745651453	Conflict	a clash between opposing forces of a literary work.	16
9745651454	Connective Tissue	those elements that help create coherence in a written piece.	17
9745651455	Connotation	the interpretive level of a word based on its associated images rather than its literal meaning.	18
9745651456	Deduction	the process of moving from a general rule to a specific example.	19
9745651457	Denotation	the literal or dictionary definition or a word.	20
9745651458	Dialect	the re-creation of regional spoken language.	21
9745651459	Discourse	a discussion on a specific topic.	22
9745651460	Ellipsis	three periods, indicates that some material has been omitted from a given text.	23
9745651461	Epigraph	the use of a quotation at the beginning of a work that hints at its theme.	24
9745651462	Euphemism	a more acceptable way of saying something inappropriate.	25
9745651463	Euphony	the pleasant, mellifluous presentation of sounds in a literary work.	26
9745651464	Exposition	background information presented in a literary work.	27
9745651465	Extended Metaphor	a sustained comparison, conceit. Developed through a piece of writing.	28
9745651466	Figurative Language	the body of devices that enables the writer to operate on levels other than the literal one.	29
9745651467	Flashback	a device that enables a writer to refer to past thoughts, events, or episodes.	30
9745651468	Form	the shape or structure of a literary work.	31
9745651469	Hyperbole	extreme exaggeration, humorous or ironic.	32
9745651470	Image	a verbal approximation of a sensory impression, concept, or emotion.	33
9745651471	Imagery	the total effect of related sensory images in a work of literature.	34
9745651472	Induction	the process that moves from a given series of specifics to a generalization.	35
9745651473	Inference	a conclusion that one can draw from the presented details.	36
9770325119	Invective	a verbally abusive attack.	37
9770329860	Irony	an unexpected twist or contrast between what happens and what was intended or expected to happen. Verbal and dramatic are two types.	38
9770343650	Logic	the process of reasoning.	39
9770347115	Logical Fallacy	a mistake in reasoning.	40
9770349971	Metaphor	a direct comparison between dissimilar things.	41
9770356371	Metonymy	a figure of speech in which a representative term is used for a larger idea.	42
9770373021	Monologue	a speech given by one character.	43
9770375931	Motif	the repetition or variations of an image or idea in a work used to develop theme or ideas.	44
9770384274	Narrator	the speaker of a literary work.	45
9770391510	Onomatopoeia	words that sound like the sound they represent.	46
9770402255	Oxymoron	an image of contradictory terms.	47
9770405944	Pacing	the movement of a literary piece from one point or section to another.	48
9770412517	Parable	a story that operates on more than one level and usually teaches a moral lesson.	49
9770419672	Parody	a comic imitation of a work that ridicules the original. Can be mocking or gently humorous. Depends on allusion and exaggerates and distorts the original style.	50
9770434024	Pathos	the aspects of a literary work that elicit pity from the audience. Persuade.	51
9770442458	Pedantic	a term used to describe writing that borders on lecturing. Scholarly, but distant.	52
9770451268	Periodic Sentence	presents its main clause at the end of the sentence for emphasis and sentence variety.	53
9770461884	Personification	the assigning of human qualities to inanimate objects or concepts.	54
9770474340	Persuasion	a type of argument that has as its goal an action on the part of the audience.	55
9770480978	Plot	a sequence of events in a literary work.	56
9770485646	Point of View	the method of narration in a literary work.	57
9770499136	Pun	a play on words that often has a comic effect. Witty and clever.	58
9770509318	Reductio ad Absurdum	Latin for "reduce to the absurd." Creates a comic effect and an argument technique. Rhetorical fallacy because it reduces an argument to an either/or choice.	59
9770553519	Rhetoric	the entire process of written communication. Effective presentation of ideas.	60
9770560605	Rhetorical Question	no explicit answer. Pose an idea to be considered.	61
9788214076	Sarcasm	a comic technique that ridicules through caustic language. Applies to tones and attitudes, and is applied to irony and wit.	62
9788227222	Satire	a mode of writing based on ridicule, that criticizes the follies of society without offering a solution.	63
9788262153	Setting	the time and place of a literary work.	64
9788274753	Similie	an indirect comparison that uses 'like' or 'as' to link two items.	65
9788284365	Stage Directions	the specific instructions a play-wright includes concerning sets, characters, delivery, etc.	66
9788294733	Stanza	a unit of a poem, similar in rhyme, meter, and length to other units in the poem.	67
9788305373	Structure	the organization and form of a work.	68
9788312390	Style	the unique way an author presents his ideas. Diction, syntax, imagery, structure, and content contribute to a style.	69
9788324089	Summary	reducing the original text into its essential parts.	70
9788331305	Syllogism	the format of a formal argument that consists of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.	71
9788376688	Symbol	something in a literary work that stands for something else.	72
9788424741	Synecdoche	a figure of speech that utilizes a part as representative of the whole.	73
9788438307	Syntax	the grammatical structure of prose and poetry.	74
9789176235	Synthesis	locating a number of sources an integrating them into the development and support of a writer's claim.	75
9789187255	Theme	the underlying ideas the author illustrates through characters, motifs, language, plot, etc.	76
9789198924	Thesis	the main idea of a piece of writing. It presents the author's claim. Effectiveness of a piece of writing depends on a strong claim and support for it.	77
9789218645	Tone	the author's attitude toward his subject.	78
9789223540	Transition	a word or phrase that links one idea to the next an carries the reader from sentence to sentence, paragraph to paragraph.	79
9789234791	Understatement	the opposite of exaggeration. Develops irony and humor where one says less than intended.	80
9789242671	Voice	can refer to two different areas of writing. Relationship between a sentence's subject and verb or total sound of a writer's style.	81

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AP Language Midterm Devices Flashcards

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8596927622	alliteration	the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.	0
8596930457	allusion	a reference to another work of literature, person, or event	1
8596930458	anastrophe	inversion of the natural or usual word order	2
8596932570	apostrophe	address to an absent or imaginary person	3
8596932571	paradox	an apparently contradictory statement that actually contains some truth	4
8596932572	simile	comparison using like or as	5
8596932573	metaphor	A comparison that establishes a figurative identity between objects being compared.	6
8596935590	synecdoche	using a part of something to represent the whole thing	7
8596938014	metonymy	substituting the name of one object for another object closely associated with it	8
8596938015	asyndeton	the omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence	9
8596941894	polysyndeton	the use, for rhetorical effect, of more conjunctions than is necessary or natural	10
8596941895	oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.	11
8596941896	anaphora	the repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of consecutive lines or sentences	12
8596945123	epistrophe	the repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses or sentences	13
8596945124	antithesis	a statement in which two opposing ideas are balanced; exact opposite	14
8596945125	hyperbole	a figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor	15
8596947667	euphemism	An indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant	16
8596947668	aphorism	a concise statement of a truth or principle	17
8596947669	syntax	sentence structure	18
8596950191	diction	word choice	19
8596950192	logos	appeal to logic	20
8596950193	ethos	credibility	21
8596950194	pathos	emotional appeal	22
8596954929	parallel structure / parallelism	the state of being parallel or of corresponding in some way	23
8596958888	rhetorical question	a statement that is formulated as a question but that is not supposed to be answered	24

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AP English Language Synthesis Essay Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

9732511542	What is the correct way to cite in text sources?	(Source 1)	0
9732523466	How long should you plan out your essay?	15 min	1
9732537277	How do you apply concrete details in your essay?	Direct Quotation	2
9775659907	Where is the thesis located in the essay?	1. Last sentence of introduction 2. concluding paragraph	3
9775674056	correct way to formulate the essay? (easier)	Intro, 3+ body paragraphs, conclusion	4
9775686784	What is the highest amount of points you can get from this essay on the test?	9 points	5
9775700206	In how much time should you complete the essay in?	40 minutes	6
9775706927	What does synthesize mean?	Combine (combine sources to formulate an opinion)	7
9775721868	What do you use your sources for in the essay?	To support your argument	8
9775731236	Where do you state your position in the essay?	First sentence of introduction	9
9775758435	What is the least amount of sources you need to include in your essay?	3 minimum	10
9775776342	Will using qualifying statements gain you points?	Yes (sometimes depending on the topic and position)	11

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