AP English Language & Composition Exam Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 9637397666 | Diction | Word choice | 0 | |
| 9637402232 | Syntax | The ordering of words in a sentence; it describes sentence structure | 1 | |
| 9637426044 | Style | The manner of expression. It describes how the author uses language top get his or her point across (e.g., pedantic, scientific, and emotive) | 2 | |
| 9637435369 | Tone | The attitude, mood, or sentiments revealed by the style. Tone describes how the author seems to be feeling (e.g., optimistic, ironic, and playful) | 3 | |
| 9637451915 | Point of view | The stance revealed by the style and the tone of the writing. The author's point of view expresses his or her position on the topic discussed | 4 | |
| 9637486090 | Rhetoric | The art of speaking or writing effectively. It is often referred to as the stylistic devices an author uses to appeal successfully to a specific audience and is usually persuasive in nature | 5 | |
| 9637494531 | Figurative language | Speech or writing that departs from literal meaning to achieve a special effect or meaning | 6 | |
| 9637564536 | Logos | An appeal to reason and logic | 7 | |
| 9637564537 | Pathos | An appeal to emotions, values, or desires of the audience | 8 | |
| 9637564538 | Ethos | An appeal to the speakers credibility- whether they are to be believed on the basis of their character and expertise | 9 | |
| 9637647954 | Imagery | Figurative language that is used to convey a sensory perception (visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile) | 10 | |
| 9637658572 | Hyperbole | Overstatement or exaggeration; it is the use of figurative language that significantly exaggerates the facts for effort | 11 | |
| 9637689179 | Understatement | Figurative language that presents the facts in a way that makes them appear much less significant than they really are | 12 | |
| 9637695068 | Simile | A comparison between two unlike objects, in which the two parts are connected with a term such as like or as | 13 | |
| 9637707283 | Metaphor | A simile without a connecting term such as like or as | 14 | |
| 9637725839 | Extended metaphor | A metaphor that lasts longer than just one phase or sentence | 15 | |
| 9637743534 | Symbol | A word that represents something other than itself | 16 | |
| 9637750047 | Denotation | Refers to a word's primary or literal significance | 17 | |
| 9637750048 | Connotation | Refers to the vast range of other meanings that a word suggests | 18 | |
| 9637854713 | Paradox | Contains two elements which cannot be true at the same time | 19 | |
| 9637862466 | Oxymoron | When two seemingly contradictory words are paired together | 20 | |
| 9637902036 | Personification | The figurative device in which inanimate objects or concepts are given human qualities | 21 | |
| 9637920234 | Anthropomorphism | A specific type of personification wherein animals are given human qualities | 22 | |
| 9637926931 | Rhetorical question | A question whose answer is obvious; these types of questions don't need to be answered | 23 | |
| 9637928418 | Bombast | Language that is overly rhetorical, especially when considered in context | 24 | |
| 9637966970 | Pun | A play on words | 25 | |
| 9637994347 | metonymy | One term is substituted for another term with which it is closely associated Ex. The sailors drank a glass of heart red. -Sailors cannot drink red. However the color represents wine (red wine) | 26 | |
| 9638019715 | Synecdoche | A form of metonymy that's restricted to cases where a part is used to signify the whole Ex. All hands on deck -The hands represents the sailors | 27 | |
| 9638038225 | Theme | A general idea contained in a text. A theme is not just an ideal; it is an idea that is developed | 28 | |
| 9638120836 | Aphorism | A concise, pithy statement of an opinion or a general truth | 29 | |
| 9638166534 | Malapropism | The mistaken use of a word in place of a similar-sounding one, often with unintentionally amusing effect | 30 | |
| 9638173361 | Circumlocution | 1) Talking around a subject 2) Talking around a word It is often used to communicate different points of view | 31 | |
| 9638261232 | Euphemism | A word or words that are used to avoid employing an unpleasant or offensive term | 32 | |
| 9638311169 | Verbal irony | The process of stating something but meaning the opposite of what is stated | 33 | |
| 9638353593 | Sarcasm | Verbal irony with the intent to injure. | 34 | |
| 9638385225 | Situational irony | Refers to a situation that runs contrary to what was expected | 35 | |
| 9638394646 | Satire | Something is portrayed in a way that's deliberately distorted to achieve comic effect. A social or political criticism that relies heavily on irony, sarcasm, and often humor | 36 | |
| 9638441354 | Parody | Imitation for comic effect | 37 | |
| 9638441409 | Lampoon | Sharp ridicule of the behavior or character of a person institution | 38 | |
| 9638445432 | Caricature | A ludicrous exaggeration of the defects of persons or things | 39 | |
| 9651213305 | Fallacy | Strictly defined as guile, trickery, or a false or mistaken idea. Fallacies have the appearance of truth but are erroneous | 40 | |
| 9651428151 | Ad hominem argument | Any kind of fallacious argument that criticizes an idea by pointing out something about the person who holds the idea, rather than directly addressing the actual merit of the idea | 41 | |
| 9651470246 | Argument from authority | Temps us to agree with the writer's assumptions based on the authority of a famous person or entity or on his or her own character (when the writers are well-known) | 42 | |
| 9651494006 | Appeal to ignorance | An argument bases on the assumption that whatever has not been proven false must be true or whatever has not been proven true must be false | 43 | |
| 9651535603 | Begging the question | A fallacious form of argument in which someone assumes that parts or all of what the person claims to be proving are proven facts | 44 | |
| 9651562974 | Hasty generalization | leading someone to a conclusion by providing insufficient, selective evidence. This is also known as a sampling error | 45 | |
| 9651574303 | Non sequitur | A statement that does not logically relate to what comes before it | 46 | |
| 9651590217 | False dichotomy | Consists of a consideration of only the two extremes when there are one or more intermediate possibilities Ex. Ap Calculus BC is impossible; either you get it or you don't | 47 | |
| 9651606465 | Slippery slope | Arguments that suggest dire consequences from relatively minor causes | 48 | |
| 9651633716 | Faulty causality | Refers to the setting up of a cause-and-effect relationship when none exists | 49 | |
| 9651639711 | Straw man argument | Consists of an oversimplification of an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack | 50 | |
| 9651730756 | Sentimental appeal | A tactic that attempts to appeal; to the hearts of the readers so they they forget to use their minds | 51 | |
| 9651733789 | Red herring | Attempts to shift attention away from an important issue by introducing an issue that has no logical connection to the discussion at hand | 52 | |
| 9651743177 | Scare tactic | Used to frighten readers or listeners into agreeing with the speakers; often, when scare tactics are used, the speaker has no logical argument on which to fall back | 53 | |
| 9651764956 | Bandwagon appeals | Encourages the listener to agree with a position because everyone else does. The logic is: if everyone else is doing it, it must be all right | 54 | |
| 9651789444 | Dogmatism | Does not allow for discussion because the speaker presumes that his or her beliefs are beyond question; essentially saying that "I'm correct because I'm correct" | 55 | |
| 9651817431 | Equivocation | Telling part of the truth, while deliberately hiding the entire truth | 56 | |
| 9651844826 | Faulty analogy | An illogical, misleading comparison between two things | 57 | |
| 9665709215 | Analogy | A comparison used to explain something | 58 | |
| 9665745408 | Process analysis | A rhetorical mode that's used by writers when they want to explain how to do something or how something is done | 59 | |
| 9665764419 | Cause and effect | A rhetorical mode that explains why things should be done or should have been done | 60 | |
| 9665822196 | Objective | Based on facts | 61 | |
| 9665822197 | Subjective | Based on feelings or opinions | 62 | |
| 9665911287 | Induction | Is a process in which specific examples are used to reach a general conclusion. Proceeds from the specific to a generalization | 63 | |
| 9665913604 | Deduction | Involves the use of a generalization to draw a conclusion about a specific case. Is the process of applying a generalization to a specific case | 64 |
