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AP World History, Classical Civilizations Flashcards

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4875674193Classical CivilizationsCivilizations that has enduring influence over vast numbers of people.0
4875674194Main Accomplishment of Zhou ChinaExpanded Chinese territory to include the Yangtse River valley, adding fertile rice growing area.1
4875674195Main Accomplishments of Qin ChinaChinese territory expanded as far as Northern Vietnam, construction of a defensive wall (not the Great Wall,) standardized coins, and common written language.2
4875674196Main Accomplishments of Han ChinaStrong governmental bureaucracy, Chinese territory in Indochina, Chinese civil service exams, Silk Road trade, paper and water mills.3
4875674197Alexander the GreatFrom Macedonia and reached into India's subcontinent as far as the Indus River where he set up a border state named Bactria.4
4875674198ChandraguptaAn autocratic ruler who founded the Mauryan dynasty in India.5
4875674199AshokaGrandson of Chandragupta known for brutality of his conquests. Later relaxed his behavios and connected with the Silk Roads, sharing Buddhism.6
4875674200Gupta IndiaRuled by Hindus and enforced the caste system upon India, developing a less centralized government than the Mauryans and tolerating Buddhism.7
4875674201SatiHindu practice of a widow throwing herself on her husband's funeral pyre.8
4878290448What did the practice of sati mean?The custom was alleged to bestow honor and purity upon the widow9
4875674202Main Accomplishments of Gupta IndiaSterilization in surgery, knowledge of plastic surgery, and advances in astronomy.10
4875674203PersiaA culture that lies relatively close to the Mediterranean that influences the region later in history.11
4875674204ZoroastrianismA Persian religion that held to a belief in a system of rewards and punishments in the afterlife.12
4875674205GreeceA classical civilization whose origin traces to Indo-European peoples who migrated to the southern Greek Peninsula at 1700 BCE.13
4875674206Phoenician MarinersSeafaring people who migrated to the Aegean Sea and recorded a 22 letter alphabet representing consonants. This alphabet became the basis of the Greek alphabet.14
4875674207Polis/City-StateGreek political organizations consisting of a city and surrounding countryside, both under the influence of one government.15
4875674208DemocracyA form of government that originated in Athens in which the people rule.16
4875674209AristotleA Greek philosopher who wrote on a variety of subjects in politics, arts, and the sciences. His major philosophies became a model of Greek thought.17
4875674210Hellenistic AgeA period in Greek history during the rule of Alexander the Great.18
4875674211StoicismHellenistic philosophy that taught that men and women should use their powers of reason to lead virtuous lives.19
4875674212Mystery ReligionsA belief shared among many religions in which believers who truly follow their practices will be rewarded with a blissful life in the afterlife.20
4875674213Pax RomanaRoman Peace.21
4875674214Twelve TablesRoman law.22
4878272718These formed the basis of classical IndiaVedic and Epic ages (cultural and social structures)23
4878283582During Gupta rule, because of the strict divisions of the caste system, this practice was not widespreadSlavery24
4878285846High-towered temples in honor of the Hindu gods; lavish wall paintings in caves dedicated to godsTwo accomplishments of the Gupta dynasty25
4878286603Caves of AjantaGupta-era paintings are found on the walls here26
4878295473This period came to an end with the weakening and fall of Rome, Han China, and Gupta India to invadersThe classical period27
4878299836T/F: The fall of the three great classical empires (Rome, Han China, and Gupta India) showed a number of similaritiesTrue28
4878304630Constantine converted to what religion?Christianity29
4878309560During Constantine's time, the (western) (eastern) portion of the empire declined, while the (western) (eastern) thrived.western, eastern30
4878312391T/F: The eastern portion of the Roman empire did not fall at the same time as the western empireTrue31
4878314650T/F: The eastern portion of the Roman empire saw much more pressure from invaders than the western portionFalse32
4878317008By 476, the last Roman emperor was replaced by a Germanic ruler from the tribe of (fill in)Visigoths33
4878321992This Byzantine Emperor from 527 to 565 tried to capture portions of Rome's lost territory, but it was in vainJustinian34
4878328027Heavy taxes on peasants; Decline of interest in Confucian goals Poor harvests Population decline from diseaseSome causes of the decline of the Han dynasty35
4878332987Later emperors wanted a life of pleasure instead of ruling wisely The influence of army generals The recruitment of outsiders into the army The vastness of the empire/hard to ruleSome causes of the decline of the Roman empire36
4878336628Local princes became more powerful Nomads drove into the central part of the country The country fragmented into regional statesSome causes of the decline of Gupta India37
4878497103IndusRiver in India38
4878497104YellowRiver in China39
4878498330Sacred texts of HinduismVedas and Upanishads40
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AP World History Chapter 14 Flashcards

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8567038542Trading post empireForm of imperial dominance based on control of trade rather than on control of subject peoples.0
8567046679CartazA pass that the Portuguese required of all merchant vessels attempting to trade in the Indian Ocean.1
8567055220East India companiesPrivate trading companies chartered by the governments of England and the Netherlands around 1600; they were given monopolies on Indian Ocean trade, including the right to make war and to rule conquered peoples.2
8567070937ManilaCapital of the Spanish Philippines and a major multicultural trade city that already had a population of more than 40,000 by 1600.3
8567082297Tokugawa shogunateMilitary rulers of Japan who successfully unified Japan politically by the early seventeenth century and established a "closed door" policy toward European encroachments.4
8567097331DaimyoFeudal lords of Japan who ruled with virtual independence thanks to their bands of samurai warriors.5
8567106667Silver drainThe siphoning of money from Europe to pay for the luxury products of the East; eventually, the bulk of the world's silver supply made its way to China.6
8567125705Middle PassageName commonly given to the journey across the Atlantic undertaken by African slaves being shipped to the Americas.7
8567135721BeninWest African kingdom whose strong kings sharply limited engagement with the slave trade.8
8567150549DahomeyWest African kingdom that became strong through its rulers' exploitation of the slave trade.9
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Period 1 AP World History Flashcards

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5223275639AnimismThe belief that inanimate objects have a spirit (Ex: trees have spirits)0
5223275640Artifactan object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest1
5223277418Foragingthe act of searching for food2
5223284186Pastoralismfocus on raising domesticated animals3
5223284187Slash and Burn Cultivationmethod of agriculture where plants would be cut down then burnt to make room for new growth4
5223286808Specialization of Labourthe divisions of labor that aids the development of sills in a particular type of work5
5223288642CuneiformSumerian form of writing in Mesopotamia6
5223288643DiasporaThe diffusion of Jews7
5223290928JatiSub-caste system8
5223292434Oracle BonesUsed by Ancient Chinese civilizations to predict the future9
5223298188QuetzalcoatlCreator deity in Aztec society10
5223298190Theocracya system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.11
5223298191TorahCentral reference book of Jewish religion12
5223299852UntouchablesClass of the Indus River Valley Society who were the lowest and did the worst jobs13
5223299853VarnaBroader caste system14
5223299854VedasHindu script15
5223300834YahwehJewish word for God16
5223300835ZigguratPyramid made by ancient Mesopotamians17
5872586844Steppea large area of flat unforested grassland in southeastern Europe or Siberia.18
5872589902Monsoona seasonal prevailing wind in the region of South and Southeast Asia19
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Ap World History Key Concepts Flashcards

Period 1 - Technological and Environmental Transformations, c. 8000 BCE to c. 600 BCE, Period 2 - Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies, c. 600 BCE to c. 600 CE, Period 3 - Regional and Transregional Interactions, c. 600 CE to c. 1450 CE, Period 4 - Global Interactions, c. 1450 CE to c. 1750 CE, Period 5 - c. 1750 CE to c. 1900 CE, Period 6 - c. 1900 CE to present

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7873626306Key Concept 1.1 Big Geography and the Peopling of the Earth-Archaeologists have found evidence that these people travelled around in small, foraging bands that were basically egalitarian. Because they had no consistently reliable source of food, they were almost always on the move.0
7873626307Key Concept 1.2 The Neolithic Revolution and Early Agricultural Societies- The practice of agriculture transformed the social and economic characteristics of human societies. It also changed the nature of the crops that were farmed.1
7873626308Key Concept 1.3 The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies- Trade between these people spread ideas, technologies and even diseases. And as the needs of urban centers grew, the struggle for limited resources often led them to military conflict. And also, develop states, or governments, organized by bureaucracies and legitimized often by religious belief.2
7873626309Key Concept 2.1 The Development and Codification of Religious and Cultural Traditions- Rulers appealed to these belief systems to justify their actions; common ethical and ceremonial traditions gave cohesion to society.Also as, beliefs were rarely homogeneous and deviations, reform movements, and differing interpretations could challenge the social order.3
7873626310Key Concept 2.2 The Development of States and Empires- As empires acquired massive wealth, the unequal distribution of this wealth across social classes placed enormous pressure on the political and social order. Eventually, all of the classical civilizations could not deal with the problems created by their own internal or external crises.4
7873626311Key Concept 2.3 Emergence of Transregional Networks of Communication and Exchange- Luxury goods and raw materials traveled in caravans and on boats to distant markets. Traveling with them were belief systems, ideas, technology, culture and diseases.5
7873626312Key Concept 3.1 Expansion and Intensification of Communication and Exchange NetworksImproved transportation technologies and commercial practices led to an increased volume of trade, and expanded the geographic range of existing and newly-active trade networks. https://resourcesforhistoryteachers.wikispaces.com/Key+Concept+3.16
7873626313Key Concept 3.2 Continuity and Innovation of State Forms and Their InteractionsEmpires collapsed and were reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged. Following the collapse of empires, most reconstituted governments, including the Byzantine Empire and the Chinese dynasties — Sui, Tang, and Song — combined traditional sources of power and legitimacy with innovations better suited to the current circumstances. Source: https://resourcesforhistoryteachers.wikispaces.com/Key+Concept+3.27
7873626314Key Concept 3.3 Increased Economic Productive Capacity and Its ConsequencesInnovations stimulated agricultural and industrial production in many regions. Agricultural production increased significantly due to technological innovations. source: https://resourcesforhistoryteachers.wikispaces.com/Key+Concept+3.38
7873626315Key Concept 5.1 Industrialization and Global CapitalismIndustrialization fundamentally altered the production of goods around the world. It not only changed how goods were produced and consumed, as well as what was considered a "good," but it also had far-reaching effects on the global economy, social relations, and culture.9
7873626316Key Concept 5.2 Imperialism and Nation-State FormationIndustrializing powers established transoceanic empires.II. Imperialism influenced state formation and contraction around the world.III. New racial ideologies, especially Social Darwinism, facilitated and justified imperialism.10
7873626317Key Concept 5.3 Nationalism, Revolution, and ReformI.The rise and diffusion of Enlightenment thought that questioned established traditions in all areas of life often preceded the revolutions and rebellions against existing governments.II. Beginning in the eighteenth century, peoples around the world developed a new sense of commonality based on language, religion, social customs and territory. These newly imagined national communities linked this identity with the borders of the state, while governments used this idea to unite diverse populations.III. Increasing discontent with imperial rule propelled reformist and revolutionary movements11
7873626318Key Concept 6.1 Science and the Environment New Technologiesrapid scientific advances. New communication & transportation eliminated geographic distance. New scientific paradigms/ understandings of the world.12
7873626319Key Concept 6.2 Global Conflicts and their Consequences:Europe dominated c.1900 but empires decline. New political form increase by c.2000. Older land-based empires collapsed. Colonies achieved independence through either negotiation or armed struggle.13
7873626320Key Concept 6.3 New Conceptualizations of Global Economy, Society, & Culture. States responded to economic challenges in various waysCommunist states directed the economy & oversaw development of industry. US & W. Europe states played minimal role until Great Depression, when they took more active role.14
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Ap World History Chapter 31 Flashcards

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6558553894Cold warA conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years.0
6558556603Eastern blocSoviet allies in eastern Europe, including Bulgaria, Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Hungary.1
6558559033Harry Truman33rd President of the United States. Led the U.S. to victory in WWII making the ultimate decision to use atomic weapons for the first time. Shaped U.S. foreign policy regarding the Soviet Union after the war.2
6558642318Iron curtainA political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eastern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region3
6558646279Marshall planA plan that the US came up with to revive war-torn economies of Europe. This plan offered $13 billion in aid to western and Southern Europe.4
6558561151North Atlantic treaty organizationIn 1949, the United States, Canada, and ten European nations formed this military mutual-defense pact. In 1955, the Soviet Union countered NATO with the formation of the Warsaw Pact, a military alliance among those nations within its own sphere of influence.5
6558563520Warsaw PactA military alliance of communist nations in eastern Europe. Organized in 1955 in answer to NATO, the Warsaw Pact included Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union.6
6558565817Welfare stateA government that undertakes responsibility for the welfare of its citizens through programs in public health and public housing and pensions and unemployment compensation etc.7
6558569978Technocrata new type of bureaucrat trained in the sciences or economics and devoted to the power of national planning; rose to importance in governments after World War II8
6558571539Green movementPolitical movement and party that arose in several western European nations in the 1970's that opposed unfettered free market economies and unchecked industrial pollution9
6558576524Margaret Thatcherprime minister of Britain; strong relationship with Reagan; supported NATO, allowed US to store missiles in England; one of the first Western leaders to act warmly toward reformer Gorbachev10
6558581462Ronald ReagenAmerican politican and conservative spokesman who served as 40th presidnt of the united states , 1981-198911
6558586909European UnionAn international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members.12
6558588664New FeminismNew wave of women's rights agitation dating from 1949; emphasized more literal equality that would play down domestic roles and qualities for women; promoted specific reforms and redefinition of what it meant to be female13
6558591699Simone de beauvoir and Betty Friedantwo important leaders in the new feminism movement; authors of The Second Sex and The Feminine Mystique.14
6558592734Berlin WallA fortified wall surrounding West Berlin, Germany, built in 1961 to prevent East German citizens from traveling to the West. Its demolition in 1989 symbolized the end of the Cold War. This wall was both a deterrent to individuals trying to escape and a symbol of repression to the free world.15
6558593831SolidarityPolish trade union created in 1980 to protest working conditions and political repression. It began the nationalist opposition to communist rule that led in 1989 to the fall of communism in eastern Europe.16
6558596429Socialist RealismAttempt within the USSR to relate formal culture to the masses in order to avoid the adoption of Western European cultural forms; begun under Joseph Stalin; fundamental method of Soviet fiction, art, and literary criticism.17
6558598559Alexsandr SolzhenitsynRussian author of works critical of the Soviet regime; included the trilogy on Siberian prison camps, the Gulag Archipelago18
6558602027Nikia KhrushchevSoviet premier who came to power in 1953 and sent nuclear missiles to cuba19
6558654476SputnikFirst artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race.20
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