AP Language Vocabulary Flashcards
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| 9888715321 | Ad Hominem Argument | Latin for "to or against the person," this fallacy involves switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker |  | 0 |
| 9888715322 | Ad Populum (bandwagon appeal) | This fallacy occurs when evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do." |  | 1 |
| 9888715323 | Allegory | The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning |  | 2 |
| 9888715324 | Allusion | A direct or indirect reference to something that is commonly known. Allusions can be historical, literary, religious, or mythical. |  | 3 |
| 9888715325 | Ambiguity | The multiple meanings of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. |  | 4 |
| 9888715326 | Analogy | A similarity or relationship between two things. An analogy can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with something more familiar. |  | 5 |
| 9888715327 | antecedent | The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun |  | 6 |
| 9888715328 | Antithesis | A figure of speech that involves an opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction. |  | 7 |
| 9888715329 | Appeal to False Authority | This fallacy occurs when someone who has no expertise on a subject is cited as an authority. |  | 8 |
| 9888715330 | Apostrophe | A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction. |  | 9 |
| 9888715331 | Archaic Diction | Old-fashioned or outdated choice of words |  | 10 |
| 9888715332 | Asyndenton | Omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words. |  | 11 |
| 9888715333 | Attitude | A writer's position or emotion regarding the subject of the writing. |  | 12 |
| 9888715334 | Caricature | A representation in which the subject's features are deliberately exaggerated to produce a comic or grotesque effect. |  | 13 |
| 9888715335 | Concession | An acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. |  | 14 |
| 9888715336 | Connotations | Meanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition. Connotations are positive or negative. |  | 15 |
| 9888715337 | Context | The circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text. |  | 16 |
| 9888715338 | Counterargument | An opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward |  | 17 |
| 9888715339 | Chiasmus | A figure of speech based on inverted parallelism. It is a rhetorical figure in which two clauses are related to each other through a reversal of terms. |  | 18 |
| 9888715340 | Antimetabole | Repetition of words in reverse order. Antimetabole is a type of chiasmus, but not all chiasmus are a type of antimetabole. |  | 19 |
| 9888715341 | Colloquialism | Slang or informality in speech or writing |  | 20 |
| 9888715342 | Claim | Also called an assertion or a proposition, a claim states the argument's main idea or position. A claim differs from a topic or subject in that a claim has to be arguable. |  | 21 |
| 9888715343 | Claim of Fact | A claim of fact asserts that something is true or not true. Ex. Test scores accurately measure a student's success! |  | 22 |
| 9888715344 | Claim of Value | A claim of value argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong. Ex. Video games are corrupting today's youth. |  | 23 |
| 9888715345 | Claim of Policy | A claim of policy proposes a change. Ex. Legalize marijuana! |  | 24 |
| 9888715346 | Closed Thesis | A closed thesis is a statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews major points the writer intends to make. Ex. The three-dimensional characters, exciting plot, and complex themes of the Harry Potter series makes them legendary children's books. |  | 25 |
| 9888715347 | conceit | A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or a surprising analogy between two dissimilar objects. |  | 26 |
| 9888715348 | Concrete detail | Specific details, facts, or examples used to support the main idea of a text. |  | 27 |
| 9888715349 | denotation | The strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word. |  | 28 |
| 9888715350 | diction | related to style, diction refers to the writer's word choices. Examples of diction include, formal or informal, ornate or plain. |  | 29 |
| 9888715351 | didactic | didactic works have the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially teaching moral or ethical principals |  | 30 |
| 9888715352 | ethos | A speaker's expertise, knowledge, experience, sincerity, and common purpose with the audience are examples of how a speaker demonstrates they are credible and trustworthy. |  | 31 |
| 9888715353 | euphemism | a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts |  | 32 |
| 9888715354 | extended metaphor | a metaphor developed at great length |  | 33 |
| 9888715355 | homily | This term literally means, "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice. |  | 34 |
| 9888715356 | hyperbole | a figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement |  | 35 |
| 9888715357 | imagery | the sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions |  | 36 |
| 9888715358 | infer | to draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented. Inferences are not directly stated. |  | 37 |
| 9888715359 | irony | the contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant; the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true. |  | 38 |
| 9888715360 | juxtaposition | placing dissimilar items, descriptions, or ideas closely together or side by side, especially for comparison or contrast. |  | 39 |
| 9888715361 | logical fallacy | A mistake in verbal reasoning. The reasoning must be potentially deceptive. |  | 40 |
| 9888715362 | metaphor | A figure of speech using implied comparison of unlike things. Metaphorical language makes writing more vivid, imaginative, thought-provoking, and meaningful. |  | 41 |
| 9888715363 | mode of discourse: exposition | writing that intends to inform and demonstrate a point | 42 | |
| 9888715364 | mode of discourse: narration | writing that tells a story or relates a series of events | 43 | |
| 9888715365 | mode of discourse: description | writing that creates sensory images, often evoking a mood or atmosphere | 44 | |
| 9888715366 | mode of discourse: argumentation | writing that takes a stand on an issue and supports it with evidence and logical reasoning | 45 | |
| 9888715367 | onomatopoeia | a figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sound of words |  | 46 |
| 9888715368 | parallelism/parallel construction/parallel structure | the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences or paragraphs to give structural similarity |  | 47 |
| 9888715369 | parody | a work that closely imitates the style or content of another work with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule |  | 48 |
| 9888715370 | pathos | a speaker's intent to inspire an emotional reaction in an audience |  | 49 |
| 9888715371 | personification | a figure of speech in which the author endows an inanimate object with human qualities or characteristics |  | 50 |
| 9888715372 | point of view--first person | The perspective from which a story is told. 1st person--tells the story with the pronoun "I" and is a character in the story. |  | 51 |
| 9888715373 | point of view--third person limited omniscient | Uses "he," "she," and "it." Limited omniscient--the narrator presents the feelings and thoughts of only one character |  | 52 |
| 9888715374 | prose | Prose refers to fiction and nonfiction. Prose is written in ordinary language and most closely resembles everyday speech. |  | 53 |
| 9888715375 | repetition | The duplication of any element of language, such as sound, word, phrase, sentence, or grammatical pattern. | 54 | |
| 9888715376 | rhetoric | Greek for "orator" describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively |  | 55 |
| 9888715377 | logos | employs logical reasoning, combining a clear idea with well-thought-out and appropriate examples and details |  | 56 |
| 9888715378 | rhetorical appeals | The persuasive device by which a writer tries to sway the audience's attention and response to a given work. |  | 57 |
| 9888715379 | oxymoron | a paradox made up of two seemingly contradictory words |  | 58 |
| 9888715380 | persona | the face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience |  | 59 |
| 9888715381 | polemic | An aggressive argument that tries to establish the superiority of one opinion over all others. Ex. No concession to other arguments. |  | 60 |
| 9888715382 | polysyndeton | The deliberate use of multiple conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words. |  | 61 |
| 9888715383 | propaganda | The spread of ideas and information to further a cause |  | 62 |
| 9888715384 | Qualifier | words used to temper a claim, making it less absolute Ex. usually, probably, maybe, in most cases, most likely |  | 63 |
| 9888715385 | scheme | artful syntax; a deviation from the normal order of words |  | 64 |
| 9888715386 | second-hand evidence | evidence that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation |  | 65 |
| 9888715387 | trope | artful diction; a figure of speech such as metaphor, simile, hyperbole, metonymy, or synecdoche |  | 66 |
| 9888715388 | metonymy | a figure of speech in which something is represented by another thing that is related to it or emblematic of it. |  | 67 |
| 9888715389 | synecdoche | figure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole. Ex. "All hands on deck!" |  | 68 |
| 9888715390 | Zeugma | The use of a word to modify two or more words when it is appropriate to use only one of them or is appropriate to use each but in a different way. Ex. "To wage war and peace" or "On his fishing trip he caught three trout and a cold." |  | 69 |
| 9888715391 | rhetorical question | a question that is asked merely for effect and does not expect a reply |  | 70 |
| 9888715392 | satire | a work that targets human vices and follies, or societal institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule |  | 71 |
| 9888715393 | simile | an explicit comparison, using "like" or "as" |  | 72 |
| 9888715394 | style | An evaluation of a sum of choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices. |  | 73 |
| 9888715395 | syllogism | A deductive system of formal logic that presents to premises--the first one called major and the second minor--that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion. |  | 74 |
| 9888715396 | symbol | An object, action, character, scene, or idea that represents something more abstract. |  | 75 |
| 9888715397 | syntax | the way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences |  | 76 |
| 9888715398 | theme | the central idea or message of a work. Themes should be expressed in complete sentences by combining the topic with a verb. Ex. Forgiveness is earned through sacrifice. |  | 77 |
| 9888715399 | thesis | The thesis statement is the sentence or group of sentences that directly express the author's opinion, purpose, meaning or proposition. |  | 78 |
| 9888715400 | tone | tone describes the author's attitude toward his or her material, the audience, or both. |  | 79 |
| 9888715401 | mood | The dominant impression or emotional atmosphere evoked by a text. Ex. Mood is how "you" feel after reading a text. |  | 80 |
| 9888715402 | transition | a word or phrase that links different ideas or effectively signals a shift from one idea to another. | 81 | |
| 9888715403 | rhetorical strategies | A global term that refers to all the strategies an author can use. Ex. structure, purpose, style |  | 82 |
| 9888715404 | begging the question | A fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt. It "begs" a question whether the support itself is sound. |  | 83 |
| 9888715405 | Either/Or (false dilemma) | In this fallacy, the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices. |  | 84 |
| 9888715406 | First-hand evidence | Evidence based on something the writer knows, whether it's from personal experience or observations. | 85 | |
| 9888715407 | Hasty generalization | A fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate information. Ex. Smoking isn't bad for you; my aunt smoked a pack a day and lived to be 90. |  | 86 |
| 9888715408 | Hortative Sentence | Sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action. Ex. "Let both sides explore what problem unite us..." |  | 87 |
| 9888715409 | occasion | the time and place a speech is given or a piece is written |  | 88 |
| 9888715410 | open thesis | an open thesis is one that does not list all of the points the writer intends to cover in an essay. Ex. The popularity of the Harry Potter books demonstrates that both young and old readers value the fanciful world of wizardry. | | 89 |
| 9888739994 | 90 |
