| 4795669425 | Albany Plan | plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the Crown |  | 0 |
| 4795670147 | Edward Braddock | A British commander during the French and Indian War. He attempted to capture Fort Duquesne in 1755. He was defeated by the French and the Indians. At this battle, he was mortally wounded. |  | 1 |
| 4795670148 | James Wolfe | British general whose success in the Battle of Quebec won Canada for the British Empire. Even though the battle was only fifteen minutes, he was killed in the line of duty. This was a decisive battle in the French and Indian War. |  | 2 |
| 4795670908 | William Pitt | A competent British leader, known as the "Great Commoner," who managed to destroy New France from the inside and end the Seven Year's War |  | 3 |
| 4795671915 | Iroquois Confederacy | a powerful group of Native Americans that made diplomatic and military decisions in the eastern part of the United States made up of five nations: the Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondoga, and Oneida |  | 4 |
| 4795674668 | Treaty of Paris (1763) | Ended French and Indian War, France lost Canada, land east of the Mississippi, to British, New Orleans and west of Mississippi to Spain |  | 5 |
| 4795677602 | Pontiac's Rebellion | 1763 - An Indian uprising after the French and Indian War, led by an Ottowa chief named Pontiac. They opposed British expansion into the western Ohio Valley and began destroying British forts in the area. The attacks ended when Pontiac was killed. |  | 6 |
| 4795678075 | Proclamation of 1763 | 1763- A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east. |  | 7 |
| 4795678615 | Paxton Boys | They were a group of Scots-Irish men living in the Appalachian hills that wanted protection from Indian attacks. They made an armed march on Philadelphia in 1764. They protested the lenient way that the Quakers treated the Indians. Their ideas started the Regulator Movement in North Carolina. |  | 8 |
| 4795681042 | Sugar Act | 1764- British deeply in debt partly to French & Indian War. English Parliament placed a tariff on sugar, coffee, wines, and molasses. colonists avoided the tax by smuggling and by bribing tax collectors. |  | 9 |
| 4795681043 | Stamp Act | 1765- law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc. |  | 10 |
| 4795681898 | Stamp Act Congress | October 1765- A meeting of delegations from many of the colonies, the congress was formed to protest the newly passed Stamp Act It adopted a declaration of rights as well as sent letters of complaints to the king and parliament, and it showed signs of colonial unity and organized resistance. |  | 11 |
| 4795682534 | Samuel Adams | American Revolutionary leader and patriot, Founder of the Sons of Liberty and one of the most vocal patriots for independence; signed the Declaration of Independence |  | 12 |
| 4795683814 | Writs of Assistance | 1750s-1770s- It was part of the Townshend Acts. It said that the customs officers could inspect a ship's cargo without giving a reason. Colonists protested that the Writs violated their rights as British citizens. |  | 13 |
| 4795684982 | Townshend Acts | 1767- Taxes placed on glass, tea, silk, paper, lead. 1770, taxes were dropped but tea tax remained. | | 14 |
| 4795686708 | Quartering Act | 1765 - Required the colonials to provide food, lodging, and supplies for the British troops in the colonies. |  | 15 |
| 4795688029 | Virtual Representation | 1770- British governmental theory that Parliament spoke for all British subjects, including Americans, even if they did not vote for its members |  | 16 |
| 4795688765 | George Grenville | Became prime minister of Britain in 1763 he persuaded the Parliament to pass a law allowing smugglers to be sent to vice-admiralty courts which were run by British officers and had no jury. He did this to end smuggling. |  | 17 |
| 4795690889 | "no taxation without representation" | Slogan shouted by Americans at the British as they had to pay tax but had no say in how the country was run. |  | 18 |
| 4795692136 | Boston Tea Party | 1773- protest against British taxes in which Boston colonists disguised as Mohawks dumped valuable tea into Boston Harbor. |  | 19 |
| 4795695252 | Committees of Correspondence | A network of communication set up in Massachusetts and Virginia to inform other colonies of ways that Britain threatened colonial rights organized by Samuel Adams |  | 20 |
| 4795696050 | Gaspee Indecent | An act of open civil defiance of British authority 1772; Rhode Islanders boarded and sank the revenue cutter Gaspee in Narragansett Bay; it was headed by a leading merchant, John Brown; eight boatloads of armed, reputable citizens overpowered the crew of the Gaspee and disabled her commander, and set fire to the ship; the raiding party was never punished | | 21 |
| 4795702202 | Coercive Acts | 1774- Acts passed in retaliation to the Boston Tea Party; the British government closed port of Boston until tea was paid for; revised the charter if Massachusetts (which drastically reduced their powers of self-government), forced colonists of Massachusetts to house British soldiers and allowed colonists to be tried in England for crimes of violence. |  | 22 |
| 4795702814 | Quebec Acts | Former French subjects in Canada allowed to keep Catholicism, while Americans colonists expected to participate in the Church of England |  | 23 |
| 4795703520 | Lord North | Prime Minister of England from 1770 to 1782. Although he repealed the Townshend Acts, he generally went along with King George III's repressive policies towards the colonies even though he personally considered them wrong. He hoped for an early peace during the Revolutionary War and resigned after Cornwallis' surrender in 1781. |  | 24 |
| 4795704325 | First Continental Congress | September 1774, delegates from twelve colonies (no Gerogia) sent representatives to Philadelphia to discuss a response to the Intolerable Acts |  | 25 |
| 4795704962 | Lexington | "The Shot Heard Round the World"- The first battle of the Revolution in which British general Thomas Gage went after the stockpiled weapons of the colonists in Concord, Massachusetts. |  | 26 |
| 4795704963 | Concord | A town in Massachusetts where the British followed the militia with new regiments on April 19, 1775; the American militias thwarted the British advance; Shooting from behind fences and trees, the militias inflicted over 125 casualties |  | 27 |
| 4795705467 | Thomas Paine | Revolutionary leader who wrote the pamphlet Common Sense (1776) arguing for American independence from Britain. In England he published The Rights of Man |  | 28 |
| 4795705930 | Battle of Bunker Hill | First major battle of the Revolutions. It showed that the Americans could hold their own, but the British were also not easy to defeat. Ultimately, the Americans were forced to withdraw after running out of ammunition, and Bunker Hill was in British hands. However, the British suffered more deaths. |  | 29 |
| 4795706519 | Patrick Henry | A leader of the American Revolution and a famous orator who spoke out against British rule of the American colonies (1736-1799) "Give me liberty or give me death" |  | 30 |
| 4795707475 | Second Continental Congress | It met in 1776 and drafted and signed the Declaration of Independence, which justified the Revolutionary War and declared that the colonies should be independent of Britain. |  | 31 |
| 4795708305 | Olive Branch Petition | On July 8, 1775, the colonies made a final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances (repealed the Coercive Acts, ended the taxation without representation policies). It was rejected by Parliament, which in December 1775 passed the American Prohibitory Act forbidding all further trade with the colonies. |  | 32 |
| 4795708989 | American Prohibitory Acts | British law of 1775 that authorized the royal navy to seize all American ships engaged in trade; it amounted to a declaration of war. |  | 33 |
| 4795709495 | Lee's Resolutions | Created by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia in June 1776, it proposed independence for the American Colonies; it was the inspiration for the Declaration of Independence |  | 34 |
| 4795709496 | John Dickinson | Drafted a declaration of colonial rights and grievances, and also wrote the series of "Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania" in 1767 to protest the Townshend Acts. Although an outspoken critic of British policies towards the colonies, he opposed the Revolution, and, as a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1776, refused to sign the Declaration of Independence. | | 35 |
| 4795711024 | Fort Ticonderoga | patriots led by Ethan Allen surprise an outpost on Lake Champlain and capture cannon for the Americans |  | 36 |
| 4795712676 | Nathaniel Greene | A major general of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War, known for his successful command in the Southern Campaign, forcing British general Charles Cornwallis to abandon the Carolina's and head for Virginia. |  | 37 |
| 4795713820 | Treaty of Alliance (1778) | was a defensive alliance between France and the USA, formed in the midst of the American Revolutionary War. Promised military support in case of attack by British forces indefinitely into the future. |  | 38 |
| 4795714275 | Loyalists | American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence |  | 39 |
| 4795714276 | Patriots | American colonists who were determined to fight the British until American independence was won |  | 40 |
| 4795714972 | Nathan Hale | a soldier of the American Revolution who was hanged as a spy by the British, famous quote:, "i only regret that i have but one life to lose for my country" |  | 41 |
| 4795722547 | Continentals | Paper bills issued by the Continental Congress to finance the revolution; supposed to be exchanged for silver but the overprinting of bills made them basically worthless. |  | 42 |
| 4795722944 | Charles Cornwallis | Commanding general of the British forces that was defeated at Yorktown in 1781, ending the American Revolution. |  | 43 |
| 4795723415 | John Paul Jones | American naval commander in the American Revolution (1747-1792) said " I have not yet begun to fight." |  | 44 |
| 4795724798 | George Rodgers Clark | American Revolutionary frontiers man who helped protect the western lands and settlers from the British. | | 45 |
| 4795725832 | Battles of Trenton and Princeton | December 25th. Washington crosses Delaware River and takes advantage of the Hessian's because they were celebrating Christmas and not expecting a war. Through surprise attacks, Washington and his men take the Hessian's as prisoners and supply themselves with their goods. |  | 46 |
| 4795725833 | Valley Forge | Place where Washington's army spent the winter of 1777-1778, 1/4 of troops died here from disease and malnutriton, Steuben comes and trains troops |  | 47 |
| 4795726563 | Battle of Saratoga | Turning point of the American Revolution. It was very important because it convinced the French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and, most importantly, showed the French that the Americans had the potential to beat their enemy, Great Britain. |  | 48 |
| 4795726564 | Hessians | German soldiers hired by George III to smash Colonial rebellion, proved good in mechanical sense but they were more concerned about money than duty. |  | 49 |
| 4795728417 | Baron Friedrich von Steuben | Prussian soldier who helped train American forces at Valley Forge in the American Revolutionary War. |  | 50 |
| 4795729325 | Militia | A group of civilians trained to fight in emergencies |  | 51 |
| 4795733498 | Charles Lee | Revolutionary general who tried to undermine Washington's authority on several occasions; he was eventually dismissed from the military. | | 52 |
| 4795733499 | Graft | Misuse of one's position for profit or advantage |  | 53 |
| 4795733910 | Black Market | a market in which goods are sold illegally |  | 54 |
| 4795734823 | Benedict Arnold | American General who was labeled a traitor when he assisted the British in a failed attempt to take the American fort at West Point. |  | 55 |
| 4795736380 | Francis Marion | South Carolina militia leader nicknamed the "Swamp Fox" for his hit-and-run attacks on the British during the American Revolution. |  | 56 |
| 4795736381 | Yorktown | 1781; last battle of the revolution; Benedict Arnold, Cornwallis and Washington; colonists won because British were surrounded and they surrended |  | 57 |
| 4795736850 | Thomas Hutchinson | British governor of Massachusetts whose stubborn policies helped provoke the Boston Tea Party; ironically agreed with protesters, but he ordered tea ships not to clear Boston harbor until they had unloaded their cargoes. |  | 58 |
| 4795737348 | John Handcock | founded the sons of liberty, president of the second continental congress, He had the largest signature on the deceleration of independence he wanted the king to read it without his spectacles |  | 59 |
| 4795739569 | Treaty of Paris | agreement signed by British and American leaders that stated the United States of America was a free and independent contry |  | 60 |
| 4795739570 | Newburgh Conspiracy | The officers of the Continental Army had long gone without pay, and they met in New York to address Congress about their pay, they also considered staging a coup and seizing control of the new government, but the plotting ceased when George Washington refused to support the plan. |  | 61 |
| 4795740475 | Benjamin Franklin | Printer, author, inventor, diplomat, statesman, and Founding Father. One of the few Americans who was highly respected in Europe, primarily due to his discoveries in the field of electricity. He helped to negotiate French support for the American Revolution. |  | 62 |
