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AP US History Labor Flashcards

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8403294340Thomas JeffersonBelieved in an agrarian future for the United States, on the basis that the US economy would serve a purpose because of the inalienable need to eat.0
8403303094Samuel SlaterTravelled to England to study the textile mills present there, and returned to the United States with the designs memorized.1
8403309076Eli WhitneyYou already know who this is. (Cotton Gin Joe)2
8403316769Cornelius VanderbiltThe textbook bad capitalist, railroad industry3
8403330705George EastmanA pretty good guy. Made cheap cameras. Suddenly (a century and change later) everyone was taking low-quality photos of themselves making the duck face. Kodak4
8403569479Alexander Graham BellInvents the telephone5
8403574500Thomas Crapperinventor of indoor plumbing6
8403580532Goodyearrubber production7
8403603673Edwin DrakeDrills for oil in Pennsylvania, 18598
8403626428John D. RockefellerStandard Oil Company9
8403629566Andrew CarnegieUnited States Steel Co., philanthropist10
8403736830Horatio AlgerWrote numerous classic 'rags to riches' stories, focusing on hard work and a little bit of lots of luck. "Ragged Dick" series11
8403764793Adam SmithByron's worst nightmare. Advocated for completely free enterprise without state intervention. Believed that competition between private entities produced more and reduced cost. Writes "Wealth of Nations"12
8403795692Interstate Commerce CommissionCreated in response to the alleged partnerships between railroads and coal/oil companies. Was at best a token gesture to satiate the public without upsetting the business owners.13
8403825139Charles BoycottThe guy who's name you all should know, because of that certain term.14
8403888717Samuel GompersAmerican Federation of Labor leader15
8403922928Pinkerton's National Detective Agency"The hired assassins of plutocracy"16
8403951408Governor John Peter AltgeldGov. of Illinois, pardons three Haymarket conspirators17
8403972641Henry Clay FrickRunning the show at Homestead at the time of the strike18
8403987792Alexander BerkmanArcharist, attempts to assassinate Henry Clay Frick19
8404008245George PullmanOwns a railroad car company, creates town of Pullman (failure)20
8404030795Eugene Victor DebsAmerican Railroad Union leader, eventually runs for U.S. presidents, reps the socialists21
8404034240Mother JonesThe most famous woman in America. Lost her entire family, and thus decided to spend her old age participating in labor organizations and events.22
8404114343Industrial Workers of the World (unite)Radical group, wants to abolish wage system, "wobblies"23
8404118902Joe HillSinger/ songwriter of the IWW24
8404140740Thomas NastPolitical cartoonist that was critical of labor movements.25
8404153100Frederick TaylorDevised the system of scientifically extracting maximum value from workers. "Taylorism"26
8404224240Gospel of WealthBook written by Carnegie, defends the inequality of wealth27
8404228371Hero FundCarnegie's donations to heroes28
8404233086Ragged DickThe name of one of Alger's main series, which George Sears finds hilarious.29
8404244944Wealth of NationsThe book by Adam Smith30
8404256744Laissez-Faire EconomicsA system of economics centered on an unrestricted private sector which, through competition and the free market, increases quality while reducing prices.31
8404261108Social DarwinismIf your life sucks, it's your own fault, and that's just how it is. The application of Darwin's 'survival of the fittest' to social contexts.32
8404276481TrustsCompanies join to eliminate competition33
8404283962Sears-Roebuck CatalogCatalog with basically everything in it. Like amazon, you order stuff and it was shipped to your door.34
8404289354SocialismThe Red Death. Compelled sharing of resources that don't belong to you35
8404307606Communist ManifestoWritten by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, this bestseller depicted all of history as a class struggle, and said "workers of the world, unite!"36
8404311523Collective BargainingInstead of trying to negotiate with your boss and getting fired, you can collectively bargain for higher wages/better conditions if you unite with your fellow workers.37
8404315051SolidarityUninvolved third-parties showing support for 'their fellow man' #FreeTalleri38
8404321526StrikeEmployees of the company refusing to work in protest of the company's conduct.39
8404325314Picket-lineProtesting with signs to try to gain popular support, but still working for the company. Also for shaming scabs and strike-breakers.40
8404331180BoycottProtesting a company's conduct by refusing to purchase their products.41
8404336813ScabsWorkers that defy a strike, undermining solidarity.42
8404340767ScripCompany issued currency that was only valid at company stores.43
8404367039BlacklistA list of troublesome employees shared between business owners, such that the individuals inscribed cannot find work.44
8404371236Yellow-Dog ContractCompanies requiring that their employees not join any labor organizations.45
8404375016LockoutA business owner preemptively closing down his business to deprive employees of the funds they need to sustain a strike. If it's gonna close, it's happening on the boss's schedule.46
8404381245May DayMay 1st, day of the international commie worker.47
8404385160AnarchyThe complete absence of any government, including democracy.48
8404433599ArbitrationConflict decided by a third party49
8404449916Mediationmiddle man attempts to come to an agreement between two parties50
8404467939InjunctionA court order to cease an action.51
8404473231WobbliesNickname/pejorative for members of the IWW.52
8404477479Bread and Roses ExileFamilies around the nation offered to house the children of the Lawrence strikers in solidarity with the movement.53
8404480626Dynamite PlotMill owners planted dynamite in establishments owned by labor leaders, with the hope of portraying them as terrorists.54
8404484986Taylorism/Scientific ManagementSeeking to extract the maximum value from a labor force, with minimal respect for individual health or happiness. Based on micromanaging workers down to what shovels they use and how many steps they take.55
8404488185Right to WorkRestrictions on the power of unions, which prevent membership being a requirement for employment.56
8404545267Munn v. Illinois, 1877Railroad case in which the court ruled that the company has an obligation to its community57
8404545268Wabash v. IllinoisRailroad case on interstate commerce, rules that only the federal government (not the state) has control over interstate commerce.58
8404559324Vanderbilt Jr."The public be damned"59
8404563939Thomas Edison"Genius is one-percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration"60
8404567451Nelson Rockefeller"My grandfather broke no laws, but a lot of laws were made because of him."61
8404573236Andrew Carnegie"The man who dies rich dies disgraced."62
8404584150Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations"It is not from the benevolence [that we expect services], but from their regard for their own interest."63
8404593800James Madison"If all men were angels, we would need no government."64
8404601390Eugene Debs"Lawrence was the most decisive and far-reaching victory won by workers"65
8404621865McCormick StrikeFarming industry strike66
8404665407Homestead StrikeStrike at the Carnegie steel plant, (Fort Frick)67
8404670920Pullman StrikeStrike at the town of Pullman68
8404675005Bread and Roses, 1912Strike in Lawrence, MA. Workers wanted both money for bread (food) and roses (comforts, not just food).69
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AP US History 2 Chapter 33 People Flashcards

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8537345821Franklin D. RooseveltWas governor of New York, served as Secretary of the Navy, was suave and conciliatory. He was elected as a Democratic president in 1932, then elected 3 more times (the only one to do so beyond 2). His accomplishment was in his dealings with Great Depression and WWII.0
8537345822Eleanor RooseveltShe was the wife of Franklin Roosevelt. She traveled everywhere with him on behalf of all his campaignsvand became the most active First Lady in history. She fought for the rights of all Americans.1
8537347478Harry HopkinsHe headed the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA). He was a friend and advisor to FDR. He was very involved in reforms in the Great Depression and in the 30's and 40's in such issues as unemployment and mortgages.2
8537356316Frances PerkinsWas the first woman appointed to a cabinet position. Appointed by FDR, she became Secretary ofbLabor. She received a lot of undeserved criticism from male politicians and businessmen.3
8537356317Father CoughlinHe was an anti-New Deal Catholic priest on the radio. He began broadcasting in 1930 and was called the "microphone messiah" or "radio priest." His slogan was "Social Justice." He was silenced in 1942 when his broadcasts became too radical.4
8537358135Huey LongHe was nicknamed the "Kingfish" and was a flamboyant Senator from Louisiana. He pushed his "Share Our Wealth" program which would make "Every Man a King." He planned to run against FDR in the 1936 elections, but he was assassinated.5
8537358136Francis TownshendWas a retired physician who developed a plan in which the government would give money to senior citizens aged sixty and over. This plan was a type of pension for older Americans. He had a lot of followers who people thought FDR wasn't doing enough. The mathematics of the plan were outlandish, however.6
8537361705Harold IckesWas called "Honest Harold" and was Secretary of the Interior. He became head of the Public Works Administration (PWA) which dealt with industrial recovery and unemployment relief by creating jobs (over 34,000 project jobs for workers). His determination to prevent waste prevented maximum relief.7
8537363094George W. NorrisHe was a senator from Nebraska whose steadfast vision and zeal helped pass an act creating the Tennessee Valley Authority in 1933.8
8537365093John L. LewisJohn L. Lewis was the leader of the United Mine Workers. He also formed the CIO (Committee for Industrial Organization). He led a "sit-down" strike on General Motors at Flint, Michigan in 1936. Unionists from the Republic Steel Co. wanted to join the CIO, and a fight broke out in 1937.9
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US History AP US Map Flashcards

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4778183028Alabama0
4778183040Alaska1
4778187883Arizona2
4778187884Arkansas3
4778188977California4
4778188978Colorado5
4778190326Connecticut6
4778190327Delaware7
4778191447Florida8
4778191448Georgia9
4778192427Hawaii10
4778192428Idaho11
4778193220Illinois12
4778193239Indiana13
4778195192Iowa14
4778195193Kansas15
4778196272Kentucky16
4778196273Louisiana17
4778197038Maine18
4778197039Maryland19
4778198330Massachusetts20
4778198347Michigan21
4778199580Minnesota22
4778199596Mississippi23
4778200608Missouri24
4778200609Montana25
4778201452Nebraska26
4778201453Nevada27
4778202850New Hampshire28
4778202851New Jersey29
4778203664New Mexico30
4778203665New York31
4778204718North Carolina32
4778204719North Dakota33
4778205797Ohio34
4778205798Oklahoma35
4778206970Oregon36
4778208222Pennsylvania37
4778208223Rhode Island38
4778209463South Carolina39
4778209464South Dakota40
4778210590Tennessee41
4778210591Texas42
4778210592Utah43
4778212131Vermont44
4778213564Virginia45
4778213565Washington46
4778214780West Virginia47
4778215563Wisconsin48
4778440303Wyoming49
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AP US History Period 9 (1980-Present) Flashcards

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6420025680globalizationactions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope0
6420025681neoconservativeconservative who favors strongly encouraging democracy and the U.S. national interest in world affairs, including through military means1
6420025682religious fundamentalismreligious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence policy2
6420025683deregulationpolicy promoting cutbacks in the amount of Federal regulation in specific areas of economic activity3
6420025684big governmentgovernment programs in areas where conservatives believe government shouldn't be involved, especially those that spend money on social problems4
6420025685Ronald Reagan(1981-1989)"Great Communicator" Republican, conservative economic policies, replaced liberal Democrats in upper house with consevative Democrats or "boll weevils"; cut out many welfare and public works programs and used Strategic Defense Initiative to avoid conflict5
6420025686Mikhail Gorbachevhead of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991; liberalization effort improved relations with the West, but he lost power after his reforms led to the collapse of Communist governments in eastern Europe6
6420025687arms reductionterm for international restrictions upon the development, production, stockpiling, proliferation and usage of small arms, conventional weapons, and weapons of mass destruction (one of Wilson's fourteen points)7
64200256889/11 attacks19 militants associated with the Islamic extremist group Al-Qaeda hijack 4 airliners and carried out attacks against the World Trade Center and the Pentagon and other targets in the U.S. leaving many Americans dead and injured8
6420025689war on terrorafter 9/11, President George W. Bush declared a worldwide "war on terrorism" aimed at defeating international terrorist organizations, destroying terrorist training camps, and bringing terrorists themselves to justice9
6420025690Afghanistanthis country has been a safe haven for terrorists like Bin Laden; Taliban government sponsored terrorist training camps and suppressed the people of this country; in response to September 11, 2001, President Bush (43) ordered the invasion of this country10
6420025691Iraq ConflictUS put Sadaam Hussain into power to protect against socialists; turns out to be a major backfire and they needed to go in and take down his government11
6420025692Free Trade Agreementspacts between two countries or among a group of countries that make it easier to trade goods across national boundaries by reducing or eliminating restrictions on exports and taxes on imported goods and protecting intellectual property rights12
6420025693climate changeany significant change in measures of climate, such as temperature, precipitation, or wind, lasting for an extended period of a decade or longer13
6420025694fossil fuelsa natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms14
6420025695computer/internet revolution1980's-1980's computers become more common in the home, but mostly just text; 1990's personal computers are universally at a generally low cost, accessible, and give instant communication15
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AP US History 1 Flashcards

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4885142084African Slave Trade0
4885142085AlgonquianThe Algonquian Native Americans are the most extensive and numerous North American groups1
4885142086Atlantic WorldMaritime commerce connected the peoples and nations that rimmed the Atlantic in a web of trade, conquest, settlement, and slavery2
4885142087Biological and Cultural ChangesImportation of european disesases to the new world. Assimilation of indian cultures into spainish colonys.3
4885142088CahokiaCahokia Mounds Remnants of the most sophisticated prehistoric native civilization north of Mexico.4
4885142089Catholic MissionsWere used as a main reason to set up colonies. Not only to get valuable resources but also to spread the word of god5
4885142090Charter Companieschartered companies, associations for foreign trade, exploration, and colonization that came into existence with the formation of the European nation states and their overseas expansion.6
4885142091Christopher ColumbasExplorer for spain who is considered a leader in discovering the new world7
4885142092ConquistadorsSpanish warriors who helped take over the south and north americas tribes8
4885142093Corn CultivationMost tribes were engaged in sedentary farming such as corn and other grains9
4885142094Coureurs De BoisCoureurs des bois were itinerant, unlicensed fur traders of New France known as "wood-runners" to the English on Hudson Bay and "bush-lopers" to the Anglo-Dutch of Albany10
4885142095Don Juan De OnateWas a conquistador who was in search of great treasurs in what is now present day mexico11
4885142096Encomiendaa grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indi12
4885142097Fur TradeIn the early 17th century, French traders began to use Huron (or Wyandot) middlemen to trade with the Native peoples in the Great Lakes region13
4885142098Henry HudsonHenry Hudson was originally hired tp find a shorter route from europe through asia by using cutting through the artic14
4885142099IroquoisTribal group of native americans15
4885142100JamestownOne of the first european settlements set up in virgina16
4885142101Matrilinealof or based on kinship with the mother or the female line.17
4885142102Mercantilismbelief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism18
4885142103Meso-AmericansMesoamerican civilization, the complex of indigenous cultures that developed in parts of Mexico and Central America prior to Spanish exploration and conquest in the 16th century19
4885142104MestizosMestizo, plural mestizos, feminine mestiza, any person of mixed blood. In Central and South America it denotes a person of combined Indian and European extraction20
4885142105Pueblo RevoltIn 1680 the people known collectively as "Pueblos" rebelled against their Spanish overlords in the American Southwest21
4885142106PuritansGroup of settler that settled in the new world in hopes of being free to practice their religion freely22
4885142107Racial HeirarchyThe belief that on coler of skin. It bases off of the belief that different skin colors are better than the other23
4885142108RoanokeSpanish colony that misteriously had its inhabinents disappear24
4885142109Samuel DeChamplainFounder of new france/ quebec25
4885142110Separatista person who supports the separation of a particular group of people from a larger body on the basis of ethnicity, religion, or gender.26
4885142111Sir Walter RaleighEnglish adventurer who became a favorite of queen victoria27
4885142112SmallpoxDisease from europeans that wiped out natives28
4885142113TenochtitlanFamous city that was ruled by the mexicas29
4885142114Woodland IndiansMulitple tribes that lived in present day north eastern america30
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AP US History Period 3, 1754-1800 Flashcards

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4964026309Seven Years' (French and Indian) Warfought between the colonies of British America and New France, with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries of Great Britain and France, as well as Native American allies0
4964026310"No Taxation Without Representation."a phrase, generally attributed to James Otis about 1761, that reflected the resentment of American colonists at being taxed by a British Parliament to which they elected no representatives and became an anti-British slogan before the American Revolution; in full, "Taxation without representation is tyranny.".1
4964026313The Patriot MovementMovement or push toward independence in the colonies. Those that supported colonial independence were referred to as "Patriots" while those that were loyal to the British crown were called "Loyalists."2
4964026314Colonial MilitiasGroups of able-bodied colonialist men without proper military training that banded together to revolt against British tyrannny.3
4964026317Common SensePamphlet that challenged the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy. Used plain language to appeal to the average colonist. First work to ask for independence outright.4
4964026318The Declaration of Independencethe statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting atPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies,[2] then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain, regarded themselves as thirteen newly independent sovereign states, and no longer under British rule.5
4964026323The Articles of ConfederationAn agreement among all thirteen original states in the United States of America that served as its first constitution. Drafted by a committee appointed by the Second Continental Congress, ratified in late 1777. Later replaced by the Constitution of the United States of America.6
4964026327The Federalist Papersa collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution.7
4964026330Bill of Rightsthe collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution that provide guarantees of personal freedoms and rights and clear limitations on the government's power.8
4964026333The Northwest OrdinanceLegislation passed by Congress under the Articles of Confederation that provided a process for admission of new states to the Union and outlawed the expansion of slavery into territories governed by the Ordinance.9
4964026335Popular Sovereigntythe principle that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people10
4964026343admiralty courtsIn British law, special administrative courts designed to handle maritime cases without a jury.11
4964026344virtual representationThe political theory that a class of persons is represented in a lawmaking body without direct vote. Parliament represented all British subjects even those who had never voted for a member of Parliament.12
4964026345nonimportation agreementA pledge to boycott, or decline to purchase, certain goods from abroad.13
4964026349boycottAn organized refusal to deal with some person, organization, or product.14
4964026352mercenaryA professional soldier who serves in a foreign army for pay.15
4964026353indictmentA formal written accusation charging someone with a crime.16
4964026363privateerA private vessel temporarily authorized to capture or plunder enemy ships in wartime.17
4964026377AnarchyThe theory that formal government is unnecessary and wrong in principle; the term is also used generally for lawlessness or anti-governmental disorder.18
4964026382cabinetThe body of official advisers to the head of a government; in the United States, it consists of the heads of the major executive departments.19
4964026394nullificationIn American politics, the assertion that a state may legally invalidate a federal act deemed inconsistent with its rights or sovereignty.20
4964209159Royal VetoBritish crown could nullify any legislation passed by the colonial assemblies if they interfered with mercantilism21
4964214022Internal taxationtaxes on personal goods and property22
4964226386External taxationtaxes applied to imports into the colonies. The merchant importing the good paid the tax.23
4964232262Sons of LibertyA radical political organization formed after the passage of the Stamp Act to protest various British acts; organization used both peaceful and violent means of protest24
4964242702Navigation ActsLaws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. T25
4964264215Sugar Actplaced a tax on sugar, molasses, and other products shipped to the colonies26
4964276484Quartering ActRequired the colonials to provide food, lodging, and supplies for the British troops in the colonies.27
4964281654Stamp Actlaw that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc.28
4964286671Declaratory ActAct passed in 1766 after the repeal of the stamp act; stated that Parliament had authority over the the colonies and the right to tax and pass legislation "in all cases whatsoever."29
4964293544Townshend ActsA tax that the British Parliament placed on leads, glass, paint and tea that was imported into the colonies30
4964312668Admiralty CourtsBritish courts originally established to try cases involving smuggling or violations of the Navigation Acts which the British government sometimes used to try American criminals in the colonies. Trials were heard by judges without a jury.31
4964325850Intolerable Actsin response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troop's in barns and empty houses32
4964329118LoyalistAn American colonist who supported the British in the American Revolution.33
4964334442HessiansGerman soldiers hired by George III to smash Colonial rebellion, proved good in mechanical sense but they were more concerned about money than duty.34
4964341581Mercenariesprofessional soldiers who fight for anyone who will pay them.35
4964348460mobocracyLawless control of public affairs by the populace.36
4964354935Federationunion of organizations; union of several states, each of which retains local power37
4964361335RepublicanismA philosophy of limited government with elected representatives serving at the will of the people. The government is based on consent of the governed.38
4964370095Great CompromiseCompromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature (Senate) and representation based on population in the other house (House of Representatives)39
4964374971Confederationan alliance of independent states40
4964382695Three Fifths CompromiseCompromise between northern and southern states at the Constitutional Convention as to how the slave population would be counted for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives.41
4964395383Anti-federalistA group who opposed the ratification of the Constitution in 1787. They opposed a strong central government but supported more states' rights.42
4964422101Shay's RebellionAttacks on courthouses by a group of farmers to block foreclosure proceedings43
4964443743FederalistSupporters of ratification of the Constitution and of a strong central government.44
4964449948Implied powersPowers not specifically mentioned in the constitution45
4964460688Whiskey RebellionFarmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey; the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion; showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem46
4964469956Jeffersonian Republicansfavored a weak central government, strong state governments. opposed a national bank and protective tariffs.47
4964480254Judiciary Act of 1789established a Supreme Court and district courts48
4964493981Alien and Sedition ActsA series of laws that sought to restrict the activities of people who opposed Federalist policies49
4964501334Kentucky and Virginia Resolutionsthese maintained that the Alien and Sedition Acts passed by Congress went beyond the powers that the Constitution stated belonged to the federal government.50
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AP US History Chapter 17 Terms Flashcards

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5847694240Homestead lockout1892 lockout of workers at a steel mill after Andrew Carnegie refused to renew the union contract and the workers prepared to strike. Union supporters attacked the Pinkerton National Detective Agency guards hired to protect the mill, but the National Guard broke the strike.0
5847694241management revolutionAn internal management structure adopted by many large, complex corporations that distinguished top executives from those responsible for day-to-day operations and departmentalized operations by function.1
5847694242vertical integrationA business model in which a corporation controls all aspects of production from raw materials to packaged products.2
5847694259horizontal integrationA business concept invented in the late 19th century to pressure competitors and force rivals to merge their companies into a conglomerate.3
5847694243trustA small group of associates that hold stock from a group of combined firms, managing them as a single entity. They evolved into other centralized business forms.4
5847694244deskillingThe elimination of skilled labor under a new system of mechanized manufacturing, in which workers completed discrete, small-scale tasks rather than crafting an entire product. With deskilling, employers found they could pay workers less and replace them more easily.5
5847694245mass productionA phrase coined by Henry Ford who helped invent a system of of mass production of6
5847694246scientific managementA system of organizing work developed by Frederick Taylor. It was designed to get the maximum output from the individual worker, increase efficiency, and reduce the cost of production.7
5847694247Chinese Exclusion Act1882 law that barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States.8
5847694248Great Railroad Strike of 1877Nationwide strike of railroad workers and labor allies who were protesting the steep wage cuts amid the depression that had begun in 1873.9
5847694249Greenback-Labor PartyNational political movement that advocated laws to regulate corporations and enforce an 8 hour workday, called for government to print more greenback dollars and increase the amount of money in circulation to stimulate the economy, create jobs, and help borrowers by allowing them to pay off debts.10
5847694250producerismThe argument that real economic wealth is created by workers who make their living by physical labor, such as farmers and craftsmen, and that merchants, lawyers, bankers, and other middlemen unfairly gain their wealth from such "producers."11
5847694251Granger lawsEconomic regulatory laws passed in some Midwestern states, triggered by pressure from farmers and the Greenback-Labor Party.12
5847694252Knights of LaborThe first mass labor organization, attempted to bridge the boundaries of ethnicity, gender, ideology and race, and occupation to build a "universal brotherhood of all workers.13
5847694253anarchismA political ideology that stresses the elimination of the state and private property as a way to achieve both freedom and equality for all.14
5847694254Haymarket SquareMay 4, 1886 conflict in which both workers and policemen were killed and wounded during a labor demonstration in Chicago.15
5847694255Farmer's AllianceA rural movement founded in Texas during the Depression of the 1870's that spread across the Plains States and the South. It advocated cooperative stores and exchanges that would circumvent middle men, called for greater government aid to farmers and strict regulation of railroads.16
5847694256Interstate Commerce ActAn 1887 act that created a federal regulatory agency designed to oversee the railroad industry and prevent collusion and unfair rates.17
5847694257closed shopA company with a labor agreement under which union membership can be a condition of employment.18
5847694258American Federation of LaborOrganization created by Samuel Gompers that coordinated the craft unions and called for direct negotiation with employers in order to achieve benefits for skilled labor.19
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AP US History Dates Test Flashcards

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56867649601492Columbus sails ocean blue. What a loser.0
56867649611607Jamestown established.1
56867649621619First African slaves brought to North America and House of Burguesses established in Virginia2
56867649631754French and Indian War Begins3
56867649641763French and Indian War Ends; Proclamation of 1763; End of Salutary Neglect.4
56867649651776Declaration of Independence5
56867649661781Battle of Yorktown; End of Revolutionary War Fighting (war not officially ended until Treaty of Paris #2 in 1783)6
56867649671789Ratification of the Constitution7
56867649681800Revolution of 1800; peaceful transition of power from John Adams to Thomas Jefferson8
56867649691803Louisiana Purchase9
56867649701815Battle of New Orleans; I love you Andrew Jackson: becomes national hero10
56867649711820Missouri Compromise11
56867649721823Monroe Doctrine12
56867649731828Andrew Jackson elected - Age of the common man13
56867649741846Beginning of the Mexican-American War14
56867649751850Compromise ---New, more harsh fugitive slave law, Cali enters as free state15
56867649761854Kansas-Nebraska Act; Birth of the Republican Party16
56867649771860Election of Abraham Lincoln Elected; South Carolina Secedes17
56867649781865Civil War Ends; Reconstruction Begins18
56867649801877Reconstruction Ends; Rutherford B. Hayes Elected in Compromise of 187719
56867963061787Constitutional Convention20
56868034811491Pre-European contact; Natives developed complex societies21
56868146571588defeat of the Spanish Armada---signals the beginning of English naval superiority22
58248026881775-1783American Revolution and Independence movement date.23
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AP US History Period 3 (1754-1800) Flashcards

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7434288789Seven Years' (French and Indian) Warfought between the colonies of British America and New France, with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries of Great Britain and France, as well as Native American allies0
7434288790"No Taxation Without Representation."a phrase, generally attributed to James Otis about 1761, that reflected the resentment of American colonists at being taxed by a British Parliament to which they elected no representatives and became an anti-British slogan before the American Revolution; in full, "Taxation without representation is tyranny.".1
7434288791Enlightenmenta philosophical movement which dominated the world of ideas in Europe in the 18th century. The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on reason as the primary source of authority andlegitimacy, and came to advance ideals such as liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional governmentand ending the perceived abuses of the church and state2
7434288792Benjamin FranklinOne of the founding fathers, famous for presence in the American Enlightenment. earned the title of "The First American" for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial unity, initially as an author and spokesman in London for several colonies.3
7434288793The Patriot MovementMovement or push toward independence in the colonies. Those that supported colonial independence were referred to as "Patriots" while those that were loyal to the British crown were called "Loyalists."4
7434288794Colonial MilitiasGroups of able-bodied colonialist men without proper military training that banded together to revolt against British tyrannny.5
7434288795The Continental Armyformed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies, created to coordinate the military efforts of the Thirteen Colonies in their revolt against the rule of Great Britain. Commanded by General George Washington (Commander-in-Chief)6
7434288796George WashingtonGeneral, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution. Later named the first President of the United States.7
7434288797Thomas Paine's Common SensePublished in 1776. Pamphlet that challenged the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy. Used "Common Sense" and plain language to appeal to the average colonist. First work to ask for independence outright.8
7434288798The Declaration of Independencethe statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting atPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies,[2] then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain, regarded themselves as thirteen newly independent sovereign states, and no longer under British rule.9
7434288799Republican MotherhoodPredominant conception of women's roles before, during and after the American Revolution: the "Republican Mother" was considered a custodian of civic virtue responsible for upholding the morality of her husband and children. Though this idea emphasized the separation of women's and men's roles, it did weight heavily the influence of the mother on the family and advocated for this influence to be taken seriously.10
7434288800Legislative BranchThe branch of government tasked with writing laws.11
7434288801Judicial BranchThe branch of government tasked with interpreting laws.12
7434288802Executive BranchThe branch of government tasked with enforcing laws.13
7434288803The Articles of ConfederationAn agreement among all thirteen original states in the United States of America that served as its first constitution. Drafted by a committee appointed by the Second Continental Congress, ratified in late 1777. Later replaced by the Constitution of the United States of America.14
7434288804Constitutional ConventionTook place from May 25 to September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Although the Convention was intended to revise the Articles of Confederation, the intention from the outset of many of its proponents, chief among them James Madison and Alexander Hamilton, was to create a new government rather than fix the existing one. The delegates elected George Washington to preside over the Convention. The result of the Convention was the creation of the United States Constitution, placing the Convention among the most significant events in the history of the United States.15
7434288805Federalisma system of government in which entities such as states or provinces share power with a national government.16
7434288806Separation of PowersInspired by Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws, the idea of a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Each of the three branches would have defined abilities to check the powers of the other branches.17
7434288807The Federalist Papersa collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution.18
7434288808Alexander HamiltonFounder of the Federalist Party, Co-author of The Federalist Papers, First Secretary of the Treasury19
7434288809James MadisonCo-Author of the Federalist Papers, hailed as "the Father of the Constitution," Fourth President of the United States20
7434288810Bill of Rightsthe collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. These amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically delegated to Congress by the Constitution are reserved for the states or the people.21
7434288811Democratic-Republican Partyformed by Thomas Jefferson and others who believed in an agrarian-based, decentralized,democratic government. The party was established to oppose the Federalists who had supported and pushed through the ratification of the US Constitution.22
7434288812National Identityone's identity or sense of belonging to one state or to one nation. It is the sense of a nation as a cohesive whole, as represented by distinctive traditions, culture, language and politics.23
7434288813The Northwest Ordinancecreated the Northwest Territory, the first organized territory of the United States, from lands beyond the Appalachian Mountains, between British North America and the Great Lakes to the north and the Ohio River to the south.established the precedent by which the Federal government would be sovereign and expand westward with the admission of new states, rather than with the expansion of existing states and their established sovereignty under the Articles of Confederation.24
7434288814French Revolutiona period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire. The Revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, experienced violent periods of political turmoil, and finally culminated in a dictatorship under Napoleon that rapidly brought many of its principles to Western Europe and beyond.25
7434288815Popular Sovereigntythe principle that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives (Rule by the People), who are the source of all political power.26
7434288816Public VirtueSacrificing one's self-interest for the public good.27
7434288817insurrectionRebellion against political authority.28
7434288818mercantilismThe economic theory that all parts of an economy should be coordinated for the good of the whole state; hence, that colonial economics should be subordinated for the benefit of an empire.29
7434288819depreciateTo decrease in value, as in the decline of the purchasing power of money.30
7434288820protective tariffsTaxes places on imported goods, often to raise prices and thus protect domestic producers.31
7434288821admiralty courtsIn British law, special administrative courts designed to handle maritime cases without a jury.32
7434288822virtual representationThe political theory that a class of persons is represented in a lawmaking body without direct vote.33
7434288823nonimportation agreementA pledge to boycott, or decline to purchase, certain goods from abroad.34
7434288824dutyA customs tax on the export or import of goods.35
7434288825propagandaA systematic program or particular materials designed to spread certain ideas; sometimes but not always the term implies the use of manipulative or deceptive means.36
7434288826boycottAn organized refusal to deal with some person, organization, or product.37
7434288827inflationAn increase in the supply of currency relative to the goods available, leading to a decline in the purchasing power of money.38
7434288828mercenaryA professional soldier who serves in a foreign army for pay.39
7434288829indictmentA formal written accusation charging someone with a crime.40
7434288830dictatorshipA form of government characterized by absolute state power and the unlimited authority of the ruler.41
7434288831neutralA nation or person not taking sides in a war.42
7434288832civilianA citizen not in military service.43
7434288833confiscateTo seize private property for public use, often as a penalty.44
7434288834envoyA messenger or agent sent by a government on official business.45
7434288835rabbleA mass of disorderly and crude common people.46
7434288836isolationistConcerning the belief that a country should take little or no part in foreign affairs, especially through alliances or wars.47
7434288837hereditaryPassed down from generation to generation.48
7434288838blockadeThe isolation of a place by hostile ships or troops.49
7434288839privateerA private vessel temporarily authorized to capture or plunder enemy ships in wartime.50
7434288840disestablishTo separate an official state church from its connection with the government.51
7434288841emancipationSetting free from servitude or slavery52
7434288842abolitionistfavoring the end of slavery53
7434288843ratificationThe confirmation or validation of an act (such as the constitution) by authoritative approval.54
7434288844aliensForeigners; also, persons resident in but not citizens of a country.55
7434288845townshipin America, a surveyed territory six miles square; the term also refers to a unit of social government, smaller than a country that is often based on these survey units.56
7434288846territoryIn America, government an organized political entity not yet enjoying full equal terms of a state.57
7434288847annexTo make a smaller territory or political unit part of a larger one.58
7434288848quorumThe minimum number of persons who must be present in a group before it can conduct valid business.59
7434288849anarchyThe theory that formal government is unnecessary and wrong in principle; the term is also used generally for lawlessness or anti-governmental disorder.60
7434288850bicameralReferring to a legislative body with two houses61
7434288851censusAn official count of population; in the United States, the federal census occurs every ten years.62
7434288852public debtThe debt of a government or nation to individual creditors, also called the national debt.63
7434288853cabinetThe body of official advisers to the head of a government; in the United States, it consists of the heads of the major executive departments.64
7434288854fiscalConcerning public finances-expenditures and revenues.65
7434288855exciseA tax on the manufacture, sale, or consumption of certain products.66
7434288856stockThe shares of capital ownership gained from investing in a corporate enterprise; the term also refers to the certificates representing such shares.67
7434288857despotismArbitrary or tyrannical rule.68
7434288858impressmentTo force people or property into public service without choice.69
7434288859assimilationThe merging of diverse cultures or peoples into one.70
7434288860witch-huntAn investigation carried on with much publicity, supposedly to uncover dangerous activity but actually intended to weaken the political opposition.71
7434288861compactAn agreement or covenant between states to perform some legal act.72
7434288862nullificationIn American politics, the assertion that a state may legally invalidate a federal act deemed inconsistent with its rights or sovereignty.73
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AP US History Chapter 20 American Pageant Flashcards

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5547506927Fort SumterThis federal fort near Charleston, South Carolina hosted the beginning of the Civil War. When the North was "provisioning" the fort, the Southern troops shot at and captured it in April of 1861. This aroused the North, who then drafted fresh troops. The South responded to the draft with more secession - 11 states in total.0
5547506928Border StatesThese states include Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware, who all remained part of the Union throughout the Civil War, despite them being slave states.1
5547506929West VirginiaThis state of "mountain whites" split from Virginia in 1863 to become their own free state and join the Union.2
5547506934New York draft riotsThese riots arose after official Federal conscription in 1863. Mainly poor antiblack Irish Americans were involved; they lynched and killed many people in New York.3
5547506935writ of habeas corpusThis legality demands that a court will see the arrested person and determine whether they will remain in custody or be released. It was suspended by Abraham Lincoln at the beginning of the Civil War in order to quickly suppress Anti-Unionists.4
5547506937greenbacksThe Washington Treasury first issued this green-backed paper money during the Civil War. This currency was victim to inflation, and decreased in value as the war wore on.5
5547506938National Banking SystemEstablished in 1863, this federal bank system allowed for a standard currency and further distribution of government bonds.6
5547506939Homestead ActThis legislation created in 1862 brought over 300,000 to the West during the Civil War. It provided free land to citizens who had never militarily acted against the government.7
5547506944Jefferson DavisDeclared President of the Confederacy, this experienced politician could not lead his states' righters with the same popularity and acute judgement as his counterpart, Abraham Lincoln.8
5547506945Elizabeth BlackwellThe first American female physician, she helped to organize the U.S. Sanitary Commission during the Civil War.9
5547506946Clara BartonThis woman, a passionate supervisor of nurses for the Union army, helped to create a respected profession out of nursing, along with Dorothea Dix. This opened up another career for women postwar.10
5547506947Sally TompkinsThe Confederate counterpart of Clara Barton, she ran a hospital in Richmond during the Civil War, and was even given the title of Captain by Jefferson Davis for her work.11
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