| 9884967098 | Consumer goods | commodities bought and used by consumers, not manufacturers for producing other goods. | | 0 |
| 9884967099 | Core-periphery model | Model of the distribution of wealth and development. MDC = core, LDC = periphery. | | 1 |
| 9884967100 | Crude birth rate | number of live births per 1000 people per year per year. Crude = does not take into account age/sex of said 1000 people. | | 2 |
| 9884967101 | Dependency Theory | Notion that resources flow from periphery to wealthy core, enriching latter at expense of the former. $ = power = int' influence = dependent places | | 3 |
| 9884967102 | Developed country | wealthier core country | | 4 |
| 9884967103 | Development | process of improvement in the material conditions of people thru diffusion of knowledge and technology. Involves full realization and application of resources. can be measured by literacy, education, women's rights, life expectancy, GNP per capita, caloric intake, infant mortality rate, economic status... | | 5 |
| 9884967104 | Energy consumption | use of energy for light/heat/power/raw material input to manufacturing process. Can be measured. Ex: China consumes 1/2 of the worlds coal produced each year. | | 6 |
| 9884967105 | Essential goods and services | items and services required to sustain health/life. Goods - food, water, fuel.. Services - hospital, electricity, police/firefighting/emergency responders services... They are not allowed to go on strike or anything because they are essential personnel to the public. | | 7 |
| 9884967106 | Export Processing Zones | EPZ. Zones established in which favorable tax, regulatory, and trade arrangements are made to attract foreign trade and investment | | 8 |
| 9884967107 | Foreign Direct Investment | investment by foreign companies in another country's economy | | 9 |
| 9884967108 | Formal Economy | 'legal' economy taxed and monitored by gov't, is included in GNP. | | 10 |
| 9884967109 | Gender | A socially and culturally constructed set of distinctions between masculine and feminine sets of behaviors that is promoted and expected by society. Male vs Female. vary greatly over time and space. | | 11 |
| 9884967110 | Gender Empowerment Measure | GEM. Compares ability of men/women to participate in economic/political decisions | | 12 |
| 9884967111 | Gender Inequality Index | GII. measure of the extent of each country's gender inequality. UN created. Takes into account labor, empowerment, and reproductive health. | | 13 |
| 9884967112 | Gender Related Development Index | GDI. Compares the level of development of women with that of both sexes. | | 14 |
| 9884967113 | GIS | geographic information system. layers on computer to analyze data. acquired thru remote sensing. | | 15 |
| 9884967114 | GDP | Gross Domestic Product. total value of all goods/services produced in a country in a year. Doesn't include moving/overseas $. | | 16 |
| 9884967115 | GNP | Gross National Product, total value of all goods/services with some adjustments, include income received from abroad. | | 17 |
| 9884967116 | HDI | Human Development Index. statistic to rank countries into high, middle, or low development based on economic factor (GDP per capita), social factors (literacy rate + amount of education), and demographic factor (life expectancy). | | 18 |
| 9884967117 | Globalization | increasing uniformity of the world because of diffusion | | 19 |
| 9884967118 | Infant mortality rate | number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1000 live births. High # = LDC. | | 20 |
| 9884967119 | Informal sector | untaxed, unregulated, unmonitored. not included in GNP or GDP. | | 21 |
| 9884967120 | International Monetary Fund | 188-country organization working to foster int'l money cooperation, financial stability, int'l trade, higher employment, lower poverty, sustainable growth | | 22 |
| 9884967121 | Less developed country | periphery. "emerging." | | 23 |
| 9884967122 | Literacy | ability to read and write by age 15 | | 24 |
| 9884967123 | measures of development | benchmark process to achieving optimal health and wellbeing. physicla, biological, social, educational, mental, emotional, economic, cultural components | | 25 |
| 9884967124 | Microcredit program | program that provides small loans to the poor, especially women, to encourage small business development | | 26 |
| 9884967125 | More developed country | seriously do i even have to make this one. wealthier core country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development | | 27 |
| 9884967126 | Neocolonialism | Domination by a powerful usually Western nation of another nation that's politically independent but has a weak economy dependent on trade with the Western nation. | | 28 |
| 9884967127 | NGO | Non governmental organization: int'l organization operating outside political arena but are still influential upon social/environmental/economic issues. Ex: Greenpeace, Red Cross | | 29 |
| 9884967128 | Primary sector | direct extraction of resources - agriculture, mining, fishing, forestry | | 30 |
| 9884967129 | Quaternary sector jobs | highly skilled, information based acitivities- management, lawyers, scientific companies | | 31 |
| 9884967130 | Quinary sector jobs | leadership in quaternary sector jobs. think like ceo kinda. | | 32 |
| 9884967131 | Rostow's development model | The five stage system that explains how nations move through development |  | 33 |
| 9884967132 | Stage one (rdw) | Traditional society- subsistant agriculture, acitivities not helping w/ development like military and religion | | 34 |
| 9884967133 | stage two (rdw) | Investment: pre takeoff- limited investment in technology, infrastructure, water, irrigation | | 35 |
| 9884967134 | stage 3 (rdw) | Take off/success- limited # of industries are successful to compete globally. Ex: textiles, agriculture. Remainder of economy is still traditional | | 36 |
| 9884967135 | Stage 4 (rdw) | Maturity- tech. diffuses, rapid growth, skilled educated labor force | | 37 |
| 9884967136 | stage 5 (rdw) | Mass production - shift form heavy industry like steel, energy to consumer goods | | 38 |
| 9884967137 | Scale | graduated range of values for grading size. just a refresher, small scale maps show large land area w/ less detail, large scale maps show small land area w/ much detail | | 39 |
| 9884967138 | secondary sector | portion of economy concerned with manufacturing, processing, assembling raw materials | | 40 |
| 9884967139 | Structural adjustment program | program to reform economic structure, imposed by int' agencies on ldcs to encourage int'l trade by increasing taxes, lowering gov't spending, charging more, controlling inflation, more private corporations. | | 41 |
| 9884967140 | structural adjustment loans | loans granted by international financial institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to countries in the periphery and the semi-periphery in exchange for certain economic and governmental reforms in that country (e.g. privatization of certain government entities and opening the country to foreign trade and investment) | | 42 |
| 9884967141 | technology transfer | The diffusion to or acquisition by one culture or retention of the technology possessed by another, usually more developed, society. | | 43 |
| 9884967142 | technology gap | contrast of tech available in core vs periphery | | 44 |
| 9884967143 | tertiary sector | The portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people in exchange for payment. | | 45 |
| 9884967144 | third world | The developing countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. includees capitalist venezuela, communist n. korea, rich saudi arabia, poor mali, etc | | 46 |
| 9884967145 | transition economies | planned economy moving to market-oriented system. Ex: post USSR Russia + satellite states | | 47 |
| 9884967146 | trickle down/spread effect | diffusion of benefits of economic growth and prosperity from core to periphery. opposite is bottom up effect when periphery is made developed first | | 48 |
| 9884967147 | value added | the gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy. | | 49 |
| 9884967148 | world bank | A development assistance organization, composed of 185 member countries which are its joint owners, that extends long-term credit to developing country governments for the purpose of promoting economic development and structural changes. It consists of two organizations: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Development Association. | | 50 |
| 9884967149 | world systems theory | Wallerstein's theory of the core, semi-periphery, periphery, and external areas. The core benefited the most from the development of a capitalist world economy. THe semi-perihpery was the buffer between the core and periphery. The periphery are states that lack strong central governments or are controlled by other states. External areas are states that maintained their own economic system and for the most part, remained outside of the capitalist world economy | | 51 |
| 9884967150 | world trade organization | WTO. Administers the rules governing trade between its 144 members. Helps producers, importers, and exporters conduct their business and ensure that trade flows smoothly | | 52 |
| 9884967151 | Brandt Line | The Brandt Line is a visual depiction of the North-South divide between their economies, based on GDP per capita, proposed by Willy Brandt in the 1980s | | 53 |
| 9884967152 | BRICS | BRICS is the acronym for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. | | 54 |
| 9884967153 | Comparative Advantage | the ability of an individual or group to carry out a particular economic activity (such as making a specific product) more efficiently than another activity. | | 55 |
| 9884967154 | economic indicators | measure economic performance | | 56 |
| 9884967155 | economic development | The improvement of living standards by economic growth. | | 57 |
| 9884967156 | Import Substitution | government policy of encouraging local manufacturers to produce goods that would replace imports | | 58 |
| 9884967157 | International Division of Labor | the spatial shift of manufacturing industries from advanced capitalist countries to developing countries | | 59 |
| 9884967158 | subsistance economy | a type of economy in which human groups live off the land with little or no surplus | | 60 |
| 9884967159 | sustainable development | economic development that is conducted without depletion of natural resources | | 61 |
| 9884967160 | uneven development | the unequal distribution of people, resources, and wealth that is a fundamental characteristic of human geography. Uneven development is evident at the global, regional, national, and urban scales. | | 62 |
