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AP Human Geography - Religion Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards from chapter 7 on religion

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8697289622Religiona system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities0
8697289623Secularismthe idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated and adhered to for life on Earth, not to accommodate the prescriptions of deity and promise of a comfortable afterlife.1
8697289624Monotheistic Religionbelief system in which one supreme being is revered as creator and arbiter of all that exists in the universe2
8697289625Polytheistic Religionbelief system in which multiple deities are revered as creators and arbiters of all that exists in the universe3
8697289626Animistic Religionthe belief that inanimate objects, such as hills, trees, rocks, rivers, and other elements of the natural landscape, possess souls and can help or hinder human efforts on Earth4
8697289627Universalizing Religiona belief system that espouses the idea that there is one true religion that is universal in scope. Adherents of universalizing religious systems often believe that their religion represents universal truths, and in some cases great effort is undertake in evangelism and missionary work.5
8697289628Ethnic Religiona religion that is particular to one, culturally distinct, group of people.6
8697289629Hinduismone of the oldest religions in the modern world, dating back over 4000 years, and originating in the Indus River Valley of what is today part of Pakistan... is unique among the world's religions in that it does not have a single founder, a single theology, or agreement on its origins.7
8697289630Caste Systemthe strict social segregation of people—specifically in India's Hindu society—on the basis of ancestry and occupation8
8697289631Buddhismreligion founded in the sixth century BCE and characterized by the belief that enlightenment would come through knowledge, especially self-knowledge; elimination of greed, craving, and desire; complete honesty; and never hurting another person or animal.9
8697289632Shintoismreligion located in Japan and related to Buddhism. .... focuses particularly on nature and ancestor worship.10
8697289633Taoismreligion believed to have been founded by Lao-Tsu and based upon his book entitled "Tao-te-ching," or "Book of the Way." Lao-Tsu focused on the proper form of political rule and on the oneness of humanity and nature.11
8697289634Confucianisma philosophy of ethics, education, and public service based on the writings of Confucius and traditionally thought of as one of the core elements of Chinese culture.12
8697289635Judaismreligion with its roots in the teachings of Abraham (from Ur), who is credit with uniting his people to worship only one God. According to Jewish teaching, Abraham and God have a covenant in which the Jews agree to worship only one God, and God agrees to protect his chosen people, the Jews.13
8697289636Diasporafrom the Greek "to disperse," a term describing forceful or voluntary dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place. Originally denoting the dispersal of Jews, it is increasingly applied to other population dispersals, such as the involuntary relocation of Black peoples during the slave trade or Chinese peoples outside of Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong.14
8697289637Zionismthe movement to unite the Jewish people of the diaspora and to establish a national homeland for them in the promised land15
8697289638Christianityreligion based on the teachings of Jesus. According to Christian teaching, Jesus is the son of God, placed on Earth to teach people how to live according to God's plan16
8697289639Eastern Orthodox Church (eoc)one of the three major branches of Christianity, the EOC, together with the Roman Catholic Church, a second of the three major branches of Christianity, arose out of the division of the Roman Empire by Emperor Diocletian into four governmental regions: two western regions centered in Rome, and two eastern regions centered in Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey). In 1054 CE, Christianity was divided along that same line when the EOC, centered in Constantinople; and the Roman Catholic Church, centered in Rome, split.17
8697289640Roman Catholic Church (rcc)one of the three major branches of Christianity, the RCC, together with the Eastern Orthodox Church, a second of the three major branches of Christianity, arose out of the division of the Roman Empire by Emperor Diocletian into four governmental regions; two western regions centered in Rome, and two eastern regions centered in Constantinople (now Istanbul). In 1054 CE, Christianity was divided along that same line when the EOC and the RCC split.18
8697289641Protestantone of three major branches of Christianity (together with the EOC and the RCC). Following the widespread societal changes in Europe starting in the 1300s CE, many adherents to the RCC began to question the role of religion in their lives and opened the door to the Protestant Reformation wherein John Huss, Martin Luther, John Calvin, and others challenged many of the fundamental teachings of the RCC.19
8697289642Islamthe youngest of the major world religions, Islam is based on the teachings of Muhammad, born in Mecca in 571 CE. According to the teaching, Muhammad received the truth directly from Allah in a series of revelations during which Muhammad spoke the verses of the Qu'ran (Koran), the Islamic holy book.20
8697289643SunnisAdherents to the largest branch of Islam, called the orthodox or traditionalist. They believe in the effectiveness of family and community in the solution of life's problems, and they differ from the Shiites in accepting the traditions of Muhammad as authoritative21
8697289644Shiitesadherents of one of the two main divisions of Islam.... represent the Persian (Iranian) variation of Islam and believe in the infallibility and divine right to authority of the Imams, argued that the teaching should be hereditary, rule should be passed to Muhammad's son-in-law Ali22
8697289645Indigenous Religionsbelief systems and philosophies practiced and traditionally passed from generation to generation among peoples within a ... tribe or group23
8697289646Pilgrimagevoluntary travel by an adherent to a sacred site to pay respects or participate in a ritual at the site24
8697289647Sacred Sitesplace or space people infuse with religious meaning25
8697289648Minaretstower attached to a Muslim mosque, having one or more projecting balconies from which a crier call Muslims to prayer26
8697289649Hajjthe Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, the birthplace of Muhammad27
8697289650Interfaith Boundariesboundaries between the world's major faiths28
8697289651Intrafaith Boundariesboundaries within a single major faith29
8697289654Religious Fundamentalismreligious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state policy30
8697289655Religious Extremismreligious fundamentalism carried to the point of violence31
8697289656Shari'a LawsThe system of Islamic law, sometimes called Quranic law. Unlike most western systems of law that are based on legal precedence, sharia is based on varying degrees of interpretation of the Quran.32
8697289657Jihada doctrine within Islam. Commonly translated as "Holy War," Jihad represents either a personal or collective struggle on the part of Muslims to live up to the religious standards set by the Qu'ran33
8697309564SyncretismThe blending traits from two different cultures to form a new trait.34
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AP Euro Unit 4 Flashcards

Mid Sixteenth Century-Late Eighteenth Century

A selection of the bolded terms in the 2008 Princeton Review.

Chapter 8- AP Euro; 8 The Age of Expansion and the Rise of Monarchical States

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5446359862ScholasticismA philosophical and theological system, associated with Thomas Aquinas, devised to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy and Roman Catholic theology in the thirteenth century.0
5446359863CopernicusDeveloped the first modern theory of a sun-centered universe | Heliocentric Model1
5446359864Tycho BraheAmassed nearly 20 years worth of astrological data that eventually led to the disproval of the geocentric theory.2
5446359865Johannes KeplerFounder of modern astronomy, he formulated the laws of planetary motion, describing how the planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits.3
5446359866PrincipiaNewton's book which established the law of universal gravitation and discredited Ptolemy's ideas about the universe for good.4
5446359867Isaac NewtonBritish scientist who defined the laws of motion, discovered gravity, experimented with optics, invented differential calculus5
5446359868GalileoFlorentine scientist that designed a telescope that proved Copernican theory; discovered the moons of Jupiter; placed under house arrest by pope for revolutionary astronomical theories6
5446359869Francis BaconEnglish statesman and philosopher precursor of British empiricism; advocated inductive reasoning (1561-1626)7
5446359870Rene DescartesBelieved that humans consisted of physical and non physical properties (body and mind); used deductive reasoning (reasoning through previously know facts) to come to conclusions; wrote Discourse on Method.8
5446359871Blaise PascalFrench mathematician and philosopher who invented an adding machine; contributed (with Fermat) to the theory of probability and espoused Christian philosophy (1623-1662)9
5446359872Thomas HobbesEnglish materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)10
5446359873LeviathanWritten by English professor Thomas Hobbes, maintained that sovereignty is ultimately derived from the people, who transfer it to the monarchy by implicit contraction.11
5446359875John LockeEnglish philosopher who advocated social contract and "tabula rasa"12
5446359876Social Contractan implicit agreement among people that results in the organization of society, individual surrenders liberty in return for protection13
5446359877Two Treatises on GovernmentSaid human nature lived free and had the natural rights of life, liberty, and property. Government was created in order to protect these rights and if the government failed to do so it was the duty of the people to rebel.14
5446359878Tabula RasaBelief that the mind is a blank slate; ultimately bombarded by sense impressions that, aided by human reasoning, formulate ideas.15
5446359879Immanuel KantPhilosopher who believed in freedom of speech, enlightened absolutism and universal moral law (1724-1804)16
5446359880PhilosophesThinkers of the Enlightenment; Wanted to educate the socially elite, but not the masses; were not allowed to openly criticize church or state, so used satire and double-meaning in their writings to avoid being banned; They considered themselves part of an intellectual community, and wrote back and forth to each other to share ideas.17
5446359881VoltairePhilosopher who admired the English freedom of the press, and religious toleration. He criticized France because of its royal absolutism and lack of freedom of thought. Wrote Candide, Philosophic Letters on the English & Treatise on Toleration.18
5446359882MontesquieuFrench political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers (1689-1755), wrote spirit of laws19
5446359883Checks and BalancesA system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power20
5446359884Denis DiderotPublished work of many philosphes in his Encyclopedia. He hoped it would help people think more rationally and critically.21
5446359885Jean-Jacques RousseauPhilosopher who believed that the process of civilization and enlightenment had corrupted human nature, evil of the world founded upon uneven distribution of property, real purpose of society was to nurture better people, wrote the Social Contract, (1712-1778)22
5446359886General WillCommon interests of the people23
5446359889Adam SmithScottish economist who advocated private enterprise and free trade (1723-1790), wrote "Wealth of Nations"24
5446359890SalonsElegant private drawing rooms in Paris that allowed philosophes to exchange witty, uncensored observations of literature, science, philosophy, with great aristocrats, wealthy middle-class financiers, high-ranking officials, and noteworthy foreigners25
5446359891Mary WollstonecraftEnglish writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women, wrote "Vindication of the Rights of Women"26
5446359892Enlightened AbsolutistsAbsolutist monarchs who incorporated Enlightenment ideas without giving up their control27
5446359893JunkersPrussian nobility28
5446359894Frederick WilliamElector of Brandenburg who rebuilt his domain after its destruction during the Thirty Years' War (1620-1688), placed very strong emphasis on the army29
5446359895Frederick IFirst king of Prussia (1657-1713) who dislike the French, and focused on territorial aggrandizement30
5446359896Frederick the GreatEnlightened monarch of Prussia who centralized the government. He was also known for being the royal drill sergeant and improving the army.31
5446359898Joseph II(r. 1765 - 1790) son of Maria Theresa, granted religious freedom and abolished serfdom32
5446359897Maria TheresaEnlightened monarch who maintained her throne by giving Hungary Magyars prominence, reorganized army, promoted commerce and agriculture, (r. 1740-1780)33
5446359906Catherine the GreatRuled Russia from 1762 to 1796, added new lands, and encouraged science, art, and literature34
5446359907Robert WalpoleEnglishman and Whig statesman who was the first British prime minister (1676-1745)35
5446359908ToriesEnglish political party that supported strong monarchy, Anglican church, low taxes for landowners36
5446359909WhigsEnglish political party that supported George I, religious tolerance, commercial interests, but said that Parliament should have the final say37
5446359910Edmund BurkeA conservative leader who was deeply troubled by the aroused spirit of reform. In 1790, he published Reforms on The Revolution in France, one of the greatest intellectual defenses of European conservatism. He defended inherited priveledges in general and those of the English monarchy and aristocracy. Glorified unrepresentitive Parliament and predicted reform would lead to much chaos/tyranny.38
5446359912Parlements15 sovereign courts in the french judicial system that checked the king's ability to tax and legislate arbitrarily39
5446359913Open-field SystemDivided the arable land available to a farming community into narrow strips, which were designated to the individual families of the community40
5446359914Enclosure MovementFenced off English land to enable large landowners to employ crop rotation41
5446359915MercantilismEconomic system that seeks to guarantee a favorable balance of trade, money for the treasury and the creation of colonies42
5446359919Scientific RevolutionThe emergence of modern science, developments in math, physics, anatomy, biology, and chemistry transformed the views of society.43
5446359920The EnlightenmentIntellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, "The Century of Philosophy"44
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AP Biology Chapter 14 Flashcards

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8725874654charactera heritable feature that varies among individuals0
8725874655traiteach variant of a character1
8725874656true-breedingorganisms that, when reproducing, create offspring of all the same variety2
8725874657hybridizationthe crossing of two true-breeding parents3
8725874658P generationthe name for the true-breeding parents4
8725874659F1 Generationthe hybrid offspring of true-breeding parents5
8725874660F2 Generationoffspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid f1 generation6
8725874661The Law of Segregationtwo alleles for a heritable character separate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes.7
8725874662dominant alleledetermines organisms apperence8
8725874663recessive allelehas no noticible affect on organisms appearence9
8725874664Punnett squarea diagram for predicting the allele composition of offspring from a cross between individuals of known genetic makeup10
8725874665homozygousan organism having a pair of identical alleles for a character, either dominant or recessive11
8725874666phenotypean organisms traits12
8725874667genotypean organisms genetic makeup13
8725874668testcrossbreeding a recessive homozygote with an organism of unknown genotype14
8725874669monohybridsall the f1 progeny produced in his crosses of true breeding parent15
8725874670dihybridsheterozygous for two characters16
8725874671law of independent assortmenteach pair of alleles segregates independently of other pairs of alleles during gamete formation17
8725874672multiplication ruleto determine the probability, we multiply the probability of one event by the probability of another18
8725874673addition rulethe probability that any one of two or more mutually exclusive events will occur is calculated by adding together their individual probabilities19
8725874674complete dominancethe situation in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable20
8725874675codominancethe situation in which the phenotypes of both alleles are exhibited in the heterozygote21
8725874676incomplete dominancethe situation in which the phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of individuals homozygous for either allele22
8725874677Tay-Sachs diseaseinherited disorder in humans. the brain cells of a baby with this disease are unable to metabolize certain lipids because a crucial enzyme does not work properly. as these lipids accumulate in the brain cells, an infant begins to suffer seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and mental preformance.23
8725874678pleiotropymultiple phenotypic effects, common for most genes24
8725874679epistasisa gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus. the mice color, review25
8725874680quantitative characterscharacters that vary in the population along a continuum (in gradations)26
8725874681polygenic inheritancean additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character27
8725874682pedigreethe assembling of information about a particular trait into a family tree describing the interrelationships of parents and children across the generations28
8725874683Cystic Fibrosismost common lethal genetic disorder in the us. normal allele for this gene codes for a membrane protein that functions in chloride ion transport between certain cells and the extracellular fluid. these chloride transport channels are defective or absent in the plasma membrane of children who inherit two recessive alleles for this disorder. results in abnormally high concentraion of extracellular chloridem which causes the mucus that coats cells to become thicker and the buildup causes many problems29
8725874684sickle-cell diseasethe most common inherited disease of people of african decent. caused by a substitution of an amino acid in the hemoglobin protein of red blood cells. when an individuals blood oxygen is low, the cells turn into rod shaped ones. clump and clog blood vessels.30
8725874685Huntington's diseasedominantly inherited, degenerative disease caused by dominant allele that has no obvious phenotypic effect until the individual is 35-45. leads to deterioration of the nervous system31
8725874686aminocentesis14-16 week of pregrancy. determines if fetus has taysachs. physician inserts a needle in the unterus and extracts extracellular fluid. MUST BE CULTURED. Takes awhile.32
8725874687chorionic villus sampling CVSphysician inserts a narrow tube in the cervix to the uterus, takes part of placenta, tests for taysachs and others. preformed 8-10th wk of pregnancy, do not have to wait to culture.33
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AP US Test 1 Flashcards

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4825164443Supremacy ClauseArticle VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits.0
482516576910th AmendmentPowers not expressly given to federal government by the Constitution are reserved to states or the people. Also known as "reserved powers amendment" or "states' rights amendment"1
4825188392McCullough v. MarylandEstablished the right to of congress to have established a Bank of the U.S. and denied the states the power to tax federal government2
4825192996Gibbons v. OgdenSpecial permits giving rights to operate steamboats on New York waters exclusively were given. Gibbons (of New Jersey) was told he had to pay a fee to travel in New York. Result: New York cannot require licensing from other states. Only national government has that power - Supremacy clause - NY cannot regulate commerce3
4825197101Reserved PowersPowers given to the state government alone4
4825198122Enumerated PowersPowers given to the national government alone5
4825199395Concurrent PowersPowers held jointly by the national and state governments.6
4825201328Elastic ClauseArticle I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which allows Congress to make all laws that are "necessary and proper" to carry out the powers of the Constitution.7
4825202623States' Rightsthe right of states to limit the power of the federal government8
4825206118Full Faith and Credit ClauseConstitution's requirement that each state accept the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state9
4825207946Dual FederalismA system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.10
4825211156Cooperative FederalismA system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. They may also share costs, administration, and even blame for programs that work poorly.11
4825213488Fiscal FederalismThe pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national government's relations with state and local governments.12
4825215021Categorical GrantA grant ($) given to the states by the federal government for a specific purpose or program. The federal government tells the states exactly how to spend the money (no state discretion unlike block grants). Example = Medicaid. Most common type of federal grant because it gives Congress the most control over the states.13
4825216521Block GrantMoney given to states for general programs within a broad category14
4825218344Commerce ClauseThe clause in the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 1) that gives Congress the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines or affect more than one state or other nations.15
4825220801MandateAn official order to do something16
4825228693Policymaking InstitutionsThe branches of government charged with taking action on political issues. The U.S. Constitution established three policymaking institutions-the congress, the presidency, and the courts. Today, the power of the bureaucracy is so great that most political scientist consider it a fourth policy making institution17
4825231683Single Issue GroupGroups that have narrow interests, tend to dislike compromise and draw membership from people new to poitics18
4825234367Politics (Laswell Definition)Who gets what, when, and how19
4825235743Policy Agendathe issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other people actually involved in politics at any given point in time20
4825239395Policymaking SystemThe process by which policy comes into being and evolves over time. People's interests, problems, and concerns create political issues for government policymakers. These issues shape policy, which in turn impacts people, generating more interests, problems, and concerns.21
4825240845public policy makingAction by governmental authority22
4825244080Linkage InstitutionsInstitutions that connect citizens to government. The mass media, interest groups, and political parties are the three main linkage institutions.23
4825247033Political Institutionsinstitution that determines how power is obtained and exercised24
4825250103political issuean issue that arises when people disagree about a problem and how to fix it25
4825261800traditional democratic theoryThese principles include equality in voting, effective participation, enlightened understanding, citizen control of agenda, & inclusion.26
4825263463pluralismA theory of government that holds that open, multiple, and competing groups can check the asserted power by any one group.27
4825264450hyperpluralismA theory of government and politics contending that groups are so strong that government is weakened28
4825265356elitismA theory of government and politics contending that an upper-class elite will hold most of the power and thus in effect run the government.29
4825267311challenges to democracyincreased complexity of issues, limited participation in government, escalating campaign costs, diverse political interests30
4825270003American Creedthe dominant political culture in the United States, marked by a set of beliefs in individualism, democracy, liberty, property, and religion, tied together by the value of equality31
4825272869populismthe political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite32
4825274268libertyFreedom from government control33
4825277301individualismGiving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications34
4825278872egalitarianismthe doctrine of the equality of mankind and the desirability of political and economic and social equality35
4825280707Culture WarA split in the United States reflecting differences in people's beliefs about private and public morality, and regarding what standards ought to govern individual behavior and social arrangements.36
4825284026Declaration of IndependenceHeavily influenced by Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke and Baron de Montesquieu, this document was the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain.37
4825288845LockeSaid human nature lived free and had the natural rights of life, liberty, and property. He said government was created in order to protect these rights and if the government failed to do so it was the duty of the people to rebel.38
4825292209Constitutional ConventionThe meeting of state delegates in 1787 in Philadelphia called to revise the Articles of Confederation. It instead designed a new plan of government, the US Constitution.39
4825294595factionsPolitical groups that agree on objectives and policies; the origins of political parties.40
4825298066Connecticut CompromiseCompromise agreement by states at the Constitutional Convention for a bicameral legislature with a lower house in which representation would be based on population and an upper house in which each state would have two senators.41
4825299361New Jersey PlanA constitutional proposal that would have given each state one vote in a new congress42
4825300408Virginia Plan"Large state" proposal for the new constitution, calling for proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress. The plan favored larger states and thus prompted smaller states to come back with their own plan for apportioning representation.43
4825302551Three Fifths Compromisethe agreement by which the number of each state's representatives in Congress would be based on a count of all the free people plus three-fifths of the slaves44
4825307044Anti-FederalistsA group who opposed the ratification of the Constitution in 1787. They opposed a strong central government (tyranny) and supported states' rights.45
4825308312Checks and BalancesA system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power46
4825309544Federalist PapersA collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to defend the Constitution in detail.47
4825311983Formal Amendmentchange or addition that becomes part of the written language of the Constitution itself through one of four methods set forth in the Constitution48
4825312433Informal AmendmentA change made in Constitution not by actual written amendment, but by the experience of government under the Constitution; the methods include: (1) legislation passed by Congress; (2) actions taken by the President; (3) decisions of the Supreme Court; (4) the activities of political parties; and (5) custom49
4825316368Federalism effect on DemocracyDecentralizes politics Disputes resolved at lower levels of govt. Majorities can be heard at state level More opportunities for participation Losing elections less painful50
4825406140UnitaryA nation-state that has a centralized government and administration that exercises power equally over all parts of the state51
4825407521Confederationa political system in which a weak central government has limited authority, and the states have ultimate power.52
4847485589devolutionThe process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government.53
4847487736SovereigntyAbility of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states.54
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AP Huge Chapter 2 Flashcards

Ap Human Geography Population

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7405736120Carrying Capacitylargest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support. Sentence: If the population of the US doubled over, the ________ would be exceeded because there are not enough resources for all those people.0
7405736122Demographic EquationThe formula that calculates population change. The formula finds the increase (or decrease) in a population. The formula is found by doing births minus deaths plus (or minus) net migration. This is important because it helps to determine which stage in the demographic transition model a country is in. Births-Deaths+Immigration-Emigration1
7405736123Demographic Momentumthis is the tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution. This is important because once this happens a country moves to a different stage in the demographic transition model. Example: If there were 3 million babies in the US, 30 years from then there will be about 3 million 30 year olds.2
7405736125Dependency RatioThe number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64, compares to the number of people active in the labor force. Sentence: If a country has a very high ______ that country is likely to be unsuccessful.3
7405736127Disease DiffusionThere are two types, contagious and hierarchical. Hierarchical is along high density areas that spread from urban to rural areas. Contagious is spread through the density of people. This is important in determining how the disease spread so you can predict how it will spread. Ex. Smallpox, malaria, etc.4
7405736128EcumeneThe portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.5
7405736131Infant Mortality Ratethe death rate during the first year of life. high in places such as Africa because many of the children die of malaria, AIDS, or hunger.6
7405736132J-CurveA growth curve that depicts exponential growth.7
7405736134Malthus, ThomasWas one of the first to argue that the worlds rate of population increase was far outrunning the development of food population. This is important because he brought up the point that we may be outrunning our supplies because of our exponentially growing population.8
7405736135Mortalitythe ratio of deaths in an area to the population of that area. Sentence: _____ is higher in places with war, disease, etc.9
7405736136Natalitythe ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area. Sentence: The _____ is lower in places with restrictive population policies.10
7405736137Neo-MalthusianAdvocacy of population control programs to ensure enough resources for current and future populations.11
7405736138OverpopulationThe number of a people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living. Sentence: ______ is an issue in China.12
7405736139Population Projectiona statement of a population's future size, age, and sex composition based on the application of stated assumptions to current data. Sentence: The _____ is a mere estimate of the future populations.13
7405736140Rate of Natural Increasebirth rate minus the death rate, suggesting the annual rate of population growth without considering net migration. Fact: DOES NOT INCLUDE EMIGRATION OR IMMIGRATION!!!!14
7405736141S-Curvea curve that depicts logistic growth; shape of an "S"15
7405736142Sex RatioThe number of males per 100 females in the population. Ex. 8 males/6 Females16
7405736144Sustainabilitythe ability to meet humanities current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs Sentence: If the poulation is to keep _____, natural resource useage should be lowered.17
7405736145UnderpopulationMeasure that is difficult to pinpoint; occurs when a population size is below its carrying capacity and cannot sustain economic development it has reached. Sentence: Many problems come with ______. One of these is that there are not enough people for the dependent age groups to depend on for work force.18
7405736146Zero Population GrowthA decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero. Ex: If too many restrictive population policies are made, this could happen.19
7405736147Population DensityA measurement of the number of people per given unit of land. Sentence: The ________ is extreeeemely high in China.20
7405736148Arithmetic Population Densitythe population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit area. The figure is derived by dividing the population of the areal unit by the number of square kilometers or miles that make up the unit.21
7405736149Physiological Population DensityThe number of people per unit of arable land. Sentence: The ______ is lower than other population density because it is farmlands, which don't have large, busy megalopolis' or urban areas.22
7405736150Population DistributionVariation of population density over a particular geographic area. For example, a country has a high population density in its urban areas and a much lower population density in rural areas.23
7405736153Censusa periodic and official count of a country's population. Sentence: The US _____ comes out every year with many questions to find percentages in that country.24
7405736154Doubling TimeThe number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase. Sentence: It takes many many years for the ______ to be reached.25
7405736155Population Explosionthe rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century, attended by ever-shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase. Ex. Baby Boom!26
7405736156Crude Birth RateThe number of live births per year per 1,000 people.27
7405736157Crude Death RateThe number of deaths per year per 1,000 people.28
7405736158Demographic Transition ModelHas 4 steps. Stage 1 is low growth (low stationary), Stage 2 is High Growth (early expanding), Stage 3 is Moderate Growth (late expanding), and Stage 4 is Low Growth (low stationary), and Stage 5 although not officially a stage is a possible stage that includes zero or negative population growth. This is important because this is the way our country and others countries around the world are transformed from a less developed country to a more developed country.29
7405736159Stationary Population Levelthe level at which a national population ceases to grow.30
7405736160Population Compostiona population's makeup in terms of age,sex and other properties such as martial status and education Ex. If the population has 3 girls and 4 boys, that is part of the ____31
7405736161Population PyramidA model used in population geography to show the age and sex distribution of a particular population.32
7405736162Child Mortality RateA figure that describes the number of children that die between the first and fifth years of their lives in a given population33
7405736163Life ExpectancyThe average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. This at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live. Sentence: This is higher in more developed countries than periphery countries.34
7405736166Expansive Population PoliciesGovernment policies that encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth. Sentence: Countries with underpopulation might use these.35
7405736167Eugenic Population PoliciesGovernment policies designed to favor one racial sector over others. Ex. China36
7405736168Restrictive Population PoliciesGovernment policies designed to reduce the rate of natural increase. Example: Countries that pass laws that force the population to use contraceptives.37
7405745321Demographythe statistical study of human populations especially with reference to size and density, distribution38
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AP Vocabulary List 2 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
8417523973AdmonishTo express warning or disapproval to in a gentle manner0
8417523974AkimboSet in a bent position1
8417523975Lassitudea condition of weariness or debility; a condition characterized by lack of interest, energy, or spirit2
8417523976Licentiouslacking legal or moral restraints; especially disregarding sexual restraints; marked by disregard for strict rules of correctness3
8417523977MuseTo become absorbed in thought and to think about something carefully and thoroughly4
8417523978PecuniaryConsisting of or measured in money5
8417523979Plightan unfortunate, difficult, or precarious situation6
8417523980Presumptuousoverstepping due bounds (as of propriety or courtesy); taking liberties7
8417523981Subversivea systematic attempt to overthrow or undermine a government or political system8
8417523982Vacuousemptied of or lacking content; marked by lack of ideas or intelligence; devoid of serious occupation9
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