Intermolecular forces - AP Chemistry Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 9528527073 | Hydrogen bonds | Attractive force between an H atom (covalently bonded to an electronegative atom - O, N, F) and lone pair electrons (on another electronegative atom - O, N, F) |  | 0 |
| 9528527074 | Dispersion forces (or London forces) | Attractive force occurring between all types of molecules; caused by random electron movement creating instantaneous, temporary dipoles |  | 1 |
| 9528527075 | Dipole-dipole forces | Attractive force between + end of one polar molecule and - end of another polar molecule. |  | 2 |
| 9528527077 | Dipole-induced dipole forces | Attractive force occurring between polar molecules and nonpolar molecules; the nonpolar molecule's electron cloud is temporarily distorted (polarized) due to the presence of the + or - end of the polar molecule |  | 3 |
| 9528527079 | Rank all IMFs from strongest (1) to weakest (6). | 1. Ion-dipole 2. H-bond 3. Dipole-dipole 4. Ion-induced dipole 5. dipole-induced dipole 6. dispersion | 4 | |
| 9528527080 | Intermolecular force | WEAK attractive force between separate molecules (or particles) | 5 | |
| 9528527081 | Intramolecular Force | STRONG bond within a molecule | 6 |
Flashcards
Ap Biology Chapter 43 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5064918971 | Innate immunity | Present before any exposure to pathogens and is effective from the time of birth (nonspecific responses, external barriers, and cellular/chemical defenses) | 0 | |
| 5064930580 | Acquired immunity | Develops after expose to agents such as microbes, toxins, or other foreign substances | 1 | |
| 5064938461 | Humoral resoponse | Pathogens in lymph (B lymphocytes or B cells are used) | 2 | |
| 5064960352 | Cell mediated | Pathogens in cells (uses Cytotoxic lymphocytes) | 3 | |
| 5064966826 | Barriers | Structures that prevent the intrusion of foreign substances and pathogens ( Mucus membranes and the acidity of skin) | 4 | |
| 5064976061 | Patrolling cells | White blood cells | 5 | |
| 5064978097 | Nitric axide | Degrades microbes in lysosomes | 6 | |
| 5064984496 | Neutrophils | Engulf and destroy microbes in infected tissues | 7 | |
| 5064987030 | Macrophages | Are part of the lymphatic system and are found throughout the body | 8 | |
| 5064990709 | Eosinophils | Discharge destructive enzymes (don't ingest) | 9 | |
| 5064995705 | Dendritic cells | Engulf microbes and carries a portion of the pathogen back to the spleen and lymph nodes to stimulate the development of acquired immunity | 10 | |
| 5065009857 | Complement proteins | Search for microbes, kill microbes, coats intruders, attracts macrophages, and causes inflamation | 11 | |
| 5065017057 | Interferon | Proteins provide innate defense against viruses and help activate macrophages | 12 | |
| 5065023508 | Mast cells | Release histamine when you get injured | 13 | |
| 5065026062 | Histamine | Promotes changes in blood vessels to supply more blood | 14 | |
| 5065029920 | Fever | Inhibits bacterial growth, stimulates phagocytosis, speeds up repair of tissues, and causes the liver and spleen to store iron | 15 | |
| 5065040075 | Natural killers | Attacks damaged cells by releasing chemicals that lead to the death of the cell by apoptosis | 16 | |
| 5065046361 | Antigens | Foreign molecules or bad cells | 17 | |
| 5065058623 | Cytokines | Secreted by macrophages and dendritic cells to recruit and activate lymphocytes | 18 | |
| 5065069089 | Membrane receptors | B and T cells use these to find antigens | 19 | |
| 5065071991 | Epitopes | Bumps on antigens that B and T cells recognize | 20 | |
| 5065081747 | Antigen receptors | B and T cells have roughly 100,000 of these | 21 | |
| 5065085636 | Plasma cells | Creates antibodies which are antigen receptors | 22 | |
| 5065093545 | Cell mediated immune response | Involves activation and clonal selection of cytotoxic T cells | 23 | |
| 5065098259 | Humoral mediated immune response | Involves activation and clonal selection of B-cells resulting in the production of secreted antibodies | 24 | |
| 5065108324 | MHC 1's | Found on almost all nucleated cells, they display peptide antigens to cytotoxic T cells | 25 | |
| 5065124044 | MHC 2's | Mainly on dendritic cells, macrophages, and B-cells which are antigen presenting cells that display antigens to cytotoxic T-cells and helper T-cells | 26 | |
| 5065051031 | T-cells | Attack, learn, and remembers pathogens that hide in infected cells, matures in the thymus (helper T-cells, Cytotoxic T-cells, and Memory T-cells) | 27 | |
| 5065054451 | B-cells | Attack, learn, and remember pathogens that are circulationg in the blood and lymph, matures in bone marrow | 28 | |
| 5065146637 | CD4 | A surface protein in helper T-cells that binds to MHC 2's | 29 | |
| 5065171660 | CD8 | A surface protein that greatly enhances the interactions between a target cell and a cytotoxic T-cell | 30 | |
| 5065191547 | Neutralization | Occurs when a pathogen can no longer infect a host because it is bound to an antibody | 31 | |
| 5065200054 | Opsonization | Occurs when antibodies bound to antigens increase phagocytosis | 32 | |
| 5065206097 | Membrane attack complex | Antibodies together with proteins of the complement system generate this and cell lysis | 33 | |
| 5065222063 | Clonal selection | The binding of a mature B or T lymphocyte to an anitgen induces the lymphocyte to divide rapidly | 34 | |
| 5065235462 | Primary immune response | The first exposure to a specific antigen during which B-cells called plasma cells are generated, and T-cells are activated | 35 | |
| 5065237400 | Secondary immune response | Memory cells facilitate a faster, more efficient response | 36 | |
| 5065278801 | Active immunity | Develops naturally in response to an infection due to B and T lymphocytes and the resulting memory cells (this can develop following a immunization) | 37 | |
| 5065298730 | Passive immunity | Provides immediate, short-term protection (weeks or months) and it is conferred naturally when IgG crosses the placenta from mother to fetus or when IgA passes from mother to infant in breast milk | 38 | |
| 5065334984 | Organ/blood rejection | Happens when MHC tissue does not match | 39 | |
| 5065350043 | Rh+ antibodies | An antibody that can cross the placenta and can attack fetuses if the fetus is Rh- | 40 | |
| 5065360157 | Allergens | Antigens that cause exaggerated responses (allergies) | 41 | |
| 5065369579 | Antihistamines | Decrease allergy symptoms by blocking histamine receptors | 42 | |
| 5065388935 | Autoimmune diseases | The immune system loses tolerance for self and turns against certain molecules of the body | 43 | |
| 5065408179 | Immunodeficiency | Results from hereditary or developmental defects that prevent proper functioning of innate, humoral, and/or cell-mediated defenses | 44 | |
| 5065417342 | Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) | Is caused by a virus | 45 |
AP List 7 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6192488551 | allay | (v.) to calm or pacify, set to rest; to lessen or relieve | 0 | |
| 6192488552 | capacious | (adj.) able to hold much, roomy | 1 | |
| 6192491583 | didactic | (adj) Intended to teach | 2 | |
| 6192491584 | diurnal | (adj) active during the day | 3 | |
| 6192493582 | ignominious | (adj.) humiliating, disgracing | 4 | |
| 6192497770 | mitgate | (v) to soften or make milder | 5 | |
| 6192499613 | palpitate | (v) to beat rapidly | 6 | |
| 6192501216 | phlegmatic | (adj.) slow-moving, sluggish; unemotional | 7 | |
| 6192503078 | propitious | (adj.) favorable | 8 | |
| 6192503079 | prostrate | adj. lying face down | 9 |
AP Psych unit 1 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6167816161 | empiricism | The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation. | 0 | |
| 6168178171 | structuralism | An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind. | 1 | |
| 6168179223 | Gestalt | An organized whole. Emphasize our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes. | 2 | |
| 6168182148 | psychoanalytic | Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts. | 3 | |
| 6168185159 | Functionalism | A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish. | 4 | |
| 6168186608 | experimental psychology | The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method. | 5 | |
| 6168190285 | behaviorism | The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes. | 6 | |
| 6168191635 | humanistic psychology | Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth | 7 | |
| 6168193631 | cognitive neuroscience | The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language) | 8 | |
| 6168195932 | psychology | The science of behavior and mental processes. | 9 | |
| 6168201222 | nature-nurture issue | The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. | 10 | |
| 6168203886 | natural selection | The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations. | 11 | |
| 6168206522 | levels of analysis | The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon. | 12 | |
| 6168208788 | biopsychosocial approach | An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis | 13 | |
| 6168212560 | biological psychology | A branch of psychology that studies the links between biological (including neuroscience and behavior genetics) and psychological processes | 14 | |
| 6168216523 | evolutionary psychology | The study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection | 15 | |
| 6168218361 | psychodynamic psychology | A branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders. | 16 | |
| 6168221873 | behavioral psychology | The scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning | 17 | |
| 6168225421 | cognitive psychology | The scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating | 18 | |
| 6168227878 | social-cultural psychology | The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking. | 19 | |
| 6168245968 | psychometrics | The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities attitudes, and traits | 20 | |
| 6168249460 | basic research | Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base | 21 | |
| 6168252053 | developmental psychology | The scientific study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life-span | 22 | |
| 6168254723 | educational psychology | The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning | 23 | |
| 6168256405 | personality psychology | The study of an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting | 24 | |
| 6168259841 | social psychology | The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another | 25 | |
| 6168262468 | applied research | Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems | 26 | |
| 6168265591 | industrial organizational psychology | The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces | 27 | |
| 6168267843 | human factors psychology | The study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and environments | 28 | |
| 6168270384 | counseling psychology | A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being | 29 | |
| 6168271965 | clinical psychology | A branch of psychology that studies, assess, and treats people with psychological disorders | 30 | |
| 6168273439 | psychiatry | A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who often provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy | 31 | |
| 6168276127 | SQ3R | A study method incorporating five steps: survey, question, read, rehearse and review. | 32 |
AP Seminar Vocabulary Words Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5764289311 | Alignment | Cohesion between the focus of an inquiry, the method of collecting information, the process of analysis of the information, and the conclusions made to increase understanding of that focus. | 0 | |
| 5764289312 | Argument | A claim or thesis that conveys a perspective developed through a line of reasoning and supported by evidence. | 1 | |
| 5764289313 | Assumption | A belief regarded as true and unstated. | 2 | |
| 5764289314 | Author | One who creates a work that conveys a perspective and can be examined. | 3 | |
| 5764289315 | Bias | A personal opinion, belief, or value that may influence one's judgement, perspective, or claim. | 4 | |
| 5764289316 | Claim | A statement made about an issue that asserts a perspective. | 5 | |
| 5764289317 | Commentary | Discussion and analysis of evidence in relation to the claim which may identify patterns, describe trends, and/or explain relationships. | 6 | |
| 5764289318 | Complex Issue | Issue involving many facets or perspectives that must be understood in order to address it. | 7 | |
| 5764289319 | Concession | Acknowledgement and acceptance of an opposing or different view. | 8 | |
| 5764289320 | Conclusion | Understanding resulting from analysis or evidence. | 9 | |
| 5764289321 | Context | The intent, audience, purpose, bias, stiltedness, and/or background (larger environment) of a source or reference. | 10 | |
| 5764289322 | Conventions | The stylistic features of writing (grammar, usage, mechanics, etc.) | 11 | |
| 5764289323 | Counterargument | An opposing perspective, idea, or theory supported by evidence. | 12 | |
| 5764289324 | Credibility | The degree to which a source is believable and trustworthy. | 13 | |
| 5764289325 | Cross-Curricular | When a text goes beyond the traditional boundary of a single content area or discipline. | 14 | |
| 5764289326 | Deductive | A type of reasoning that constructs general propositions that are supported with evidence or cases. | 15 | |
| 5764289327 | Evidence | Information (data, quotations, excerpts from texts, etc.) used as proof to support a claim or thesis. | 16 | |
| 5764289328 | Fallacy | Evidence or reasoning that is false or has errors. | 17 | |
| 5764289329 | Implication | A possible future effect or result. | 18 | |
| 5764289330 | Inductive | A type of reasoning that presents cases or evidence that lead to a logical conclusion. | 19 | |
| 5764289331 | Inquiry | A process of seeking truth, information, or knowledge through a study, research investigation, or artistic endeavor/work. | 20 | |
| 5764289332 | Interdisciplinary | Involving two or more areas of knowledge. | 21 | |
| 5764289333 | Issue | An important problem for debate or discussion. | 22 | |
| 5764289334 | Lens | Filter through which an issue or topic is considered or examined. | 23 | |
| 5764289335 | Limitation | A boundary or point at which an argument or generalization is no longer valid. | 24 | |
| 5764289336 | Lines of Reasoning | Arrangement of claims and evidence that leads to a conclusion. | 25 | |
| 5764289337 | Literature | The foundational and current texts or a field or discipline of study. | 26 | |
| 5764289338 | Perspective | A point of view conveyed through an argument. | 27 | |
| 5764289339 | Plagiarism | Failure to acknowledge, attribute, and/or cite any ideas or evidence taken from another source. | 28 | |
| 5764289340 | Point of View | A position or standpoint on a topic or issue. | 29 | |
| 5764289341 | Primary Source | An original source of information about a topic. | 30 | |
| 5764289342 | Qualification | A condition or exception. | 31 | |
| 5764289343 | Qualitative | Having to do with text, narrative, or descriptions. | 32 | |
| 5764289344 | Quantitative | Having to do with number, amounts, or quantities. | 33 | |
| 5764289345 | Rebuttal | Contradicting an opposing perspective by providing alternate, more convincing evidence. | 34 | |
| 5764289346 | Refutation | Disproving or opposing perspective by providing counterclaims or counter evidence. | 35 | |
| 5764289347 | Reliability | The extent to which something can be trusted to be accurate. | 36 | |
| 5764289348 | Resolution | The act of solving a problem or dispute. | 37 | |
| 5764289349 | Scaffolding | The provision of temporary structured support for students to aid skill development. | 38 | |
| 5764289350 | Secondary Source | Someone else's account of a primary source that provides additional insight, opinions, and/or interpretation about the primary source data, study, or artifacts | 39 | |
| 5764289351 | Sequencing | The organization of curriculum content into an order in which the info progresses from simple to complex. | 40 | |
| 5764289352 | Solution | A means of answering a question or addressing a problem or issue. | 41 | |
| 5764289353 | Text | Something composed that provides an analyzable viewpoint. | 42 | |
| 5764289354 | Thesis | A claim or position on an issue or topic put forward and supported by evidence | 43 | |
| 5764289355 | Tone | how the AUTHOR feels about what he/she is writing | 44 | |
| 5764289356 | Validity | The extent to which an argument or claim is logical or true | 45 | |
| 5764289357 | Vocal Variety | Changing vocal characteristics in order to emphasize ideas, convey emotion or opinion, or to achieve other specific purposes. | 46 |
AP Spanish-idioms#4 Flashcards
Idioms w/Echar
Terms : Hide Images
| 6598393854 | echar a perder | to ruin, spoil | 0 | |
| 6598393855 | echar chispas | to be furious, get angry |  | 1 |
| 6598393856 | echar de menos | to miss |  | 2 |
| 6598393857 | echar flores | to flatter, sweet-talk | 3 | |
| 6598393858 | echar la bronca a uno | to give someone a dressing down | 4 | |
| 6598393859 | echar la culpa | to blame |  | 5 |
| 6598393860 | echarse a | to start to | 6 | |
| 6598393861 | echárselas de | to fancy oneself as, boast of being | 7 |
Flashcards
AP Vocab Lesson Twelve Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 4745170399 | propensity | a tendency | 0 | |
| 4745170400 | condescending | displaying superiority; patronizing | 1 | |
| 4745171438 | compunction | an uneasiness caused by guilt; a qualm | 2 | |
| 4745172112 | sepulcher | a tomb or burial chamber | 3 | |
| 4745174596 | bellicose | warlike; inclined to fight | 4 | |
| 4745175051 | pulchritude | physical beauty | 5 | |
| 4745175498 | wizened | shriveled or withered from age or illness | 6 | |
| 4745176040 | rhapsodize | to express oneself enthusiastically | 7 | |
| 4745176836 | physiognomy | facial features | 8 | |
| 4745177176 | voluble | talkative | 9 | |
| 4745177177 | revel | to enjoy; to take pleasure in | 10 | |
| 4745177697 | umbrage | feeling of offense; resentment | 11 | |
| 4745178029 | epiphany | a revelation; sudden knowledge or insight | 12 | |
| 4745178657 | assiduous | diligent; persistent | 13 | |
| 4745179187 | panacea | a cure-all; a remedy for all diseases | 14 |
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