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AP Psychology - Personality Flashcards

Advanced Placement Psychology
Enterprise High School, Redding, CA
All terms from Myers Psychology for AP (BFW Worth, 2011)

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4806594162	personality	an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.	0
4806594165	dynamic unconscious	according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware.	1
4806594166	id	a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. It operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification.	2
4806594167	ego	the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. It operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain.	3
4806594168	superego	the part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations.	4
4806594169	psychosexual stages	the childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones.	5
4806594170	Oedipus complex	according to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father.	6
4806594172	fixation	(1) the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set. (2) according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved.	7
4806594173	defense mechanisms	in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.	8
4806594174	repression	basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness	9
4806594175	regression	allows us to retreat to an earlier, more infantile stage of development	10
4806594176	reaction formation	the ego unconsciously makes unacceptable impulses look like their opposites	11
4806594177	projection	disguises threatening impulses by attributing them to others	12
4806594178	rationalization	occurs when we unconsciously generate self-justifying explanations to hide from ourselves the real reasons for our actions	13
4806594179	displacement	diverts sexual or aggressive impulses toward an object or person that is psychologically more acceptable than the one that aroused the feelings	14
4806594180	sublimation	the transformation of unacceptable impulses into socially valued motivations	15
4806594181	denial	protects the person from real events that are painful to accept, either by rejecting a fact or its seriousness	16
4806594183	projective technique	a personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics	17
4806594184	Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)	a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes	18
4806594185	Rorschach inkblot test	the most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots.	19
4806594186	self-actualization	according to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential.	20
4806594188	self-concept	all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?"	21
4806594189	trait	a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports.	22
4806594190	personality inventory	a questionnaire (often with true-false or agree-disagree items) on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits.	23
4806594191	Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)	the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still considered its most appropriate use), this test is now used for many other screening purposes.	24
4806594194	reciprocal determinism	the interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment.	25
4806594196	external locus of control	the perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate.	26
4806594197	internal locus of control	the perception that you control your own fate.	27
4806594198	humanistic approach	Aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive - belief in the positive potential of humans to develop personality	28
4806594199	self	in contemporary psychology, assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions.	29
4806594201	self-esteem	one's feelings of high or low self-worth.	30
4806594202	self-serving bias	a readiness to perceive oneself favorably.	31
6345977510	Self Report	A way of measuring personality that asks individuals to respond to a series of questions about themselves and say how much they agree/disagree to statements.	32
6345983879	Big 5 Personality Traits	Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness to Experience, Extraversion	33

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AP Unit 2 Terms Flashcards

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5643784272	conquistador	Spanish soldiers who sought to conquer the New World for the Spanish crown.	0
5643791937	caravel	A small, maneuverable, three-mast sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the 15th century that gave the Portuguese a distinct advantage in exploration and trade.	1
5643801302	Ptolemy's Geography	A 2nd-century work the synthesized the classical knowledge of geography and introduced the concepts of latitude and longitude. Reintroduced to Europeans in about 1410.	2
5643816946	Treaty of Tordesillas	The 1494 agreement giving Spain everything west of an imaginary line drawn down the Atlantic and giving Portugal everything to the east.	3
5643825444	Mexica Empire	AKA the Aztec Empire, a large and complex Native American civilization in modern Mexico and Central America that possessed advanced mathematical, astronomical, and engineering technology.	4
5643851088	Inca Empire	The vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco that was at its peak from 1438 until 1532.	5
5643861147	viceroyalties	The name for the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata.	6
5643874927	encomienda system	A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of Indians in exchange for food, shelter, and Christian teaching.	7
5643886329	Columbian Exchange	The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and the New Worlds.	8
5643906905	Peace of Westphalia	The name of a series of treaties that concluded the Thirty Years' War in 1648 and marked the end of large-scale religious violence in Europe.	9
5643915032	Fronde	A series of violent uprisings during the early reign of Louis XIV triggered by growing royal control and increased taxation.	10
5643928384	mercantilism	A system of economic regulations aimed at increasing the power of the state based on the belief that a nation's international power was based on its wealth, specifically its supply of gold and silver.	11
5643941701	Peace of Utrecht	A series of treaties, from 1713 to 1715, that ended the War of the Spanish Succession, ended French expansion in Europe, and marked the rise of the British Empire.	12
5643955527	Junkers	The nobility of Brandenburg and Prussia, they were reluctant allies of Frederick William in his consolidation of the Prussian state.	13
5643963920	boyars	The highest-ranking members of the Russian nobility.	14
5643966720	Cossacks	Free groups and outlaw armies originally comprising runaway peasants living on the borders of Russian territory in the 14th century who formed an alliance with Russia by the 16th century.	15
5643988938	sultan	The ruler of the Ottoman Empire; he owned all the agricultural land of the empire and was served by an army and bureaucracy composed of highly trained slaves.	16
5644003363	Janissary corps	The core of the sultan's army, composed of slave conscripts from non-Muslim parts of the empire; after 1683 it became a volunteer force.	17
5644016032	millet system	A system used by the Ottomans whereby subjects were divided into religious communities, with each millet enjoying autonomous self-government under its religious leaders.	18
5644087208	constitutionalism	A form of government in which power is limited by law and balanced between the authority and power of the government, on the one hand, and the rights and liberties of the subjects or citizens on the other hand.	19
5644029342	republicanism	A form of government in which there is no monarch and power rests in the hands of the people as exercised through elected representatives.	20
5644033956	Puritans	Members of a 16th- and 17th-century reform movement within the Church of England that advocated purifying it of Roman Catholic elements, like bishops, elaborate ceremonials, and wedding rings.	21
5644046196	Protectorate	The English military dictatorship (1653-1658) established by Oliver Cromwell following the execution of Charles I.	22
5644053572	Test Act	Legislation, passed by the English Parliament in 1673, to secure the position of the Anglican Church by stripping Puritans, Catholics, and other dissenters of the right to vote, preach, assemble, hold public office, and teach at or attend universities.	23
5644072873	stadholder	The executive officer in each of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, a position held by the princes of Orange.	24

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AP Biology - Meiosis Flashcards

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5987123032	chromatin	during interphase, the DNA is found in this form	0
5987123033	cytokinesis	the act of splitting newly formed cells	1
5987123034	cell plate	a type of cytokinesis found in plant cells	2
5987123035	cleavage furrow	a type of cytokinesis found in animal cells	3
5987123036	asexual reproduction	a type of reproduction that is similar to cloning, all organisms have identical DNA	4
5987123037	meiosis	cell division process that occurs to produce gametes, results in four different haploid cells	5
5987123038	different	in meiosis, the DNA in each of the gametes is __________________	6
5987123039	sperm	the type of gamete found in males	7
5987123040	eggs	the type of gamete found in females	8
5987123041	ovaries	meiosis occurs in this organ in females	9
5987123042	testes	meiosis occurs in this organ in males	10
5987123043	prophase I	the phase in meiosis where the chromatin condenses into chromosomes and forms homologous pairs.	11
5987123044	prophase I	the phase in meiosis where crossing over occurs	12
5987123045	crossing over	the exchange of genetic material between non sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes	13
5987123046	non sister chromatids	crossing over occurs between these	14
5987123047	metaphase I	the phase in meiosis where homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell	15
5987123048	independent assortment	the phenomenon where homologous chromosomes align along the metaphase plate independently of one another	16
5987123049	anaphase I	the phase in meiosis where homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides	17
5987123050	telophase I	the phase in meiosis where two new haploid nuclei are formed	18
5987123051	metaphase I	the phase in meiosis where independent assortment occurs	19
5987123052	diploid	two sets of chromosomes	20
5987123053	haploid	one set of chromosomes	21
5987123054	prophase II	the phase in meiosis were the chromatin condenses into chromosomes	22
5987123055	metaphase II	the phase in meiosis where the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell	23
5987123056	anaphase II	the phase in meiosis where the chromosomes are split into chromatids	24
5987123057	telophase II	the phase in meiosis where two new nuclei are formed, resulting in four haploid cells	25
5987123058	s phase	the phase of interphase where the DNA is duplicated	26
5987123059	g1 phase	the phase of interphase where the cell grows	27
5987123060	g2 phase	the phase of interphase where the cell continues to grow and correct errors in DNA replication	28
5987123061	zygote	a fertilized egg, it is diploid	29
5987123062	budding	a type of asexual reproduction performed in yeast where a new identical organism buds off an anatomical point of the original organism	30
5987123063	fertilization	the joining of an egg and a sperm	31
5987123064	parthenogenesis	a type of asexual reproduction where an unfertilized egg develops into an identical female offspring	32
5987123065	sprouting	a type of asexual reproduction where an identical offspring develops from a shoot of a root or a stump	33
5987123066	nondisjunction	occurs in anaphase 1, when a homologous chromosome fails to separate, or in anaphse 2, when a chromosome fails to separate	34
5987123067	down syndrome	trisomy 21, a child is born with mental retardation and elfish features	35
5987123068	edward's syndrome	trisomy 18, a child is born with severe defects, most die within the first year	36
5987123069	turner syndrome	a child is born with a single x chromosome, develops as a female, is small in stature, and is sterile	37
5987123070	klinefelter's syndrome	a child is born with xxy, develops as a male with subtle female characteristics such as wide hips and enlarged breasts	38

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AP Exam Terms/Devices Flashcards

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6598508659	allegory	story or poem that reveals a deeper meaning. A literary work in which characters, objects, or actions represent abstraction.	0
6598508660	alliteration	beginning of same letter or sound in closely connected words	1
6598508661	allusion	indirect of passing reference	2
6598508662	anaphora	repetition in first part of a sentence , to have an artistic meaning	3
6598508663	antagonist	a hostile person who is opposed to the main character	4
6598508664	apostrophe	figure of speech used to adress an imaginary character or something not normally spoken to.	5
6598508665	approximate rhyme	words in rhyming pattern that sound alike	6
6598508666	aside	when a character's dialogue is spoken but not heard by other actors on the stage	7
6598508667	assonance	repetition of vowel sounds	8
6598508669	cacophony	blend of unharmonious sounds	9
6598508670	caesura	pause in the middle of a line	10
6598508671	catharsis	the release of emotions through art (emotional cleanse)	11
6598508672	flat character	story character who have no depth, usually has one personality or characteristic	12
6598508673	round character	character who has complex personality: contradicted person	13
6598508674	dynamic character	changes throughout the story, through major conflict	14
6598508675	static character	person who doesn't change throughout story keeps same personality	15
6598508677	climax	point where conflict hits its highest point	16
6598508679	conflict	struggle between opposing forces	17
6598508680	connotation	secondary meaning to a word	18
6598508681	consonance	repetition of same consonant in words close together	19
6598508682	couplet	two rhyming lines in a verse	20
6598508683	denotation	the literal meaning of a word	21
6598508684	denouement	final outcome of the story	22
6598508685	deus ex machina	resolution of a plot by chance or coincidence	23
6598508686	didactic writing	writing with a primary purpose to teach or preach	24
6598508689	dramatic exposition	prose commentaries, to provide background information about the characters and their world	25
6598508690	end rhyme	rhymes occurring at the end of line	26
6598508691	end stopped line	line ending in regular punctuation	27
6598508692	English sonnet	a sonnet rhyming ababcdcdededgg	28
6598508693	epiphany	when a character receives a spiritual insight into they life	29
6598508694	euphony	smooth choice and arrangement of sounds	30
6598508695	extended figure	A figure of speech sustained or developed through a considerable number of lines or through a whole poem.	31
6598508696	falling action	Events after the climax, leading to the resolution	32
6598508697	feminine rhyme	lines rhymed by their final two syllables	33
6598508698	figurative language	Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.	34
6598508699	figure of speech	a way of saying something other than the ordinary way	35
6598508700	foot	basic unit in the scansion or measurement of verse , stressed and un stressed syllables	36
6598508701	form	external pattern or shape of a poem	37
6598508702	free verse	Poetry that does not have a regular meter or rhyme scheme	38
6598508703	hamartia	tragic flaw which causes a character's downfall	39
6598508704	imagery	Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)	40
6598508705	indirect presentation of character	the personality of a character is revealed by what he or she does or says	41
6598508706	internal rhyme	A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line	42
6598508708	verbal irony	A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant	43
6598508709	dramatic irony	Irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play.	44
6598508710	irony of situation	refers to an occurrence that is contrary to what is expected or intended	45
6598508711	italian sonnet	A sonnet consisting of an octave with the rhyme pattern abbaabba, followed by a sestet with the rhyme pattern cdecde or cdcdcd	46
6598508712	masculine rhyme	A rhyme ending on the final stressed syllable	47
6598508713	melodrama	a play based upon a dramatic plot and developed sensationally	48
6598508714	metaphor	A comparison without using like or as	49
6598508715	meter	A regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry	50
6598508716	metonymy	A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it	51
6598508717	motivation	A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior	52
6598508718	narrator	Person telling the story	53
6598508719	octave	8 line stanza	54
6598508720	onomatopoeia	A word that imitates the sound it represents.	55
6598508721	hyperbole	A figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor	56
6598508722	oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.	57
6598508723	paradox	A contradiction or dilemma	58
6598508724	paraphrase	A restatement of a text or passage in your own words.	59
6598508725	personification	A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes	60
6598508726	plot	Sequence of events in a story	61
6598508727	point of view	The perspective from which a story is told	62
6598508728	omniscient point of view	The point of view where the narrator knows everything about the characters and their problems - told in the 3rd person.	63
6598508729	third person limited point of view	narrator tells the story from only one character's pov	64
6598508730	first person point of view	a character in the story is actually telling the story himself/herself	65
6598508732	protagonist	Main character	66
6598508733	quatrain	A four line stanza	67
6598508734	rhythm	A regularly recurring sequence of events or actions.	68
6598508735	rhyme scheme	A regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem	69
6598508736	rising action	Events leading up to the climax	70
6598508737	sarcasm	the use of irony to mock or convey contempt	71
6598508738	satire	A literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.	72
6598508740	sestet	6 line stanza	73
6598508741	setting	The context in time and place in which the action of a story occurs.	74
6598508742	simile	A comparison using "like" or "as"	75
6598508743	soliloquy	A long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage	76
6598508744	sonnet	14 line poem	77
6598508745	stanza	A group of lines in a poem	78
6598508746	stream of consciousness	private thoughts of a character without commentary	79
6598508747	syllabic verse	Verse measured by the number of syllables rather than the number of feet per line.	80
6598508748	symbol	A thing that represents or stands for something else	81
6598508749	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa	82
6598508750	synesthesia	describing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound")	83
6598508751	tercet	3 line stanza	84
6598508753	theme	Central idea of a work of literature	85
6598508754	tone	Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character	86
6598508755	tragedy	A serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character	87
6598508757	understandment	the deliberate representation of something as lesser in magnitude than it actually is; a deliberate under-emphasis	88
6598508759	vilanelle	a nineteen-line poem with two rhymes throughout, consisting of five tercets and a quatrain, with the first and third lines of the opening tercet recurring alternately at the end of the other tercets and with both repeated at the close of the concluding quatrain.	89

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AP Bio Functional Groups Flashcards

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4831412575	Hydroxyl- Molecular Formula	-OH	0
4831414271	Hydroxyl- Name Of Compound	Alcohols	1
4831417200	Hydroxyl- Example		2
4831418250	Hydroxyl- Useful Information	Can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, helping dissolve organic compounds such as sugars	3
4831419241	Carboxyl - Name of Compound	Carboxylic acids	4
4831424314	Carboxyl- Example of Molecular Formula		5
4831412359	Carboxyl - Molecular Formula	-COOH	6
4831433452	Carboxyl- Useful Info	Has acidic properties (is a source of hydrogen ions) because the covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen is so polar.	7
4831443862	Carbonyl - Name of Compounds	Ketones: if the carbonyl is within a carbon skeleton. Aldehydes: if the carbonyl group is at the end of the carbon skeleton.	8
4831447833	Cabronyl - Useful Information	Ketones and aldehydes can be be structural isomers of varying properties, i.e. acetone and propanol.	9
4831433652	Carbonyl - Molecular Formula	>CO	10
4831455628	Carbonyl - Example of Molecular Formula		11
4831450093	Sulfhydryl - Name of Compound	Thiols	12
4831459028	Sulfhydryl - Example		13
4831480878	Sulfhydryl - Useful Information	Two sulfhydryl groups can react, forming a covalent bond. This "cross-linking" helps stabilize protein structure.	14
4831443601	Sulfhydryl - Molecular Formula	-SH/HS-	15
4831424047	Amino-example		16
4831450977	Amino - Useful Information	Acts as a base; can pick up an H+ from the surrounding solution (water in living organisms)	17
4831453611	Amino - Name of the organic compound	Amines	18
4831471834	Amino - Amino Formula	-NH2	19
4831468444	Phosphate- Molecular Formula	-OPO3 2-	20
4831500234	Phosphate- Name of Compound	Organic Phosphates	21
4831500547	Phosphate- Example		22
4831501969	Phosphate- Useful Information	Has the potential to react with water releasing energy	23

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AP BIology DNA Replication Flashcards

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5638978472	DNA Replication	the process by which a DNA molecule is copied; also called DNA synthesis	0
5638978473	Transformation	a change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell transforming substance- DNA	1
5638978474	Bacteriophages	Viruses that infect bacteria Bacteria eaters	2
5638978475	Virus	infects a cell and takes over the cell's metabolic machinery	3
5638978476	Hershey and Chase	Concluded that phage DNA entered bacterial host cells, but phage proteins did not, so DNA functions as the genetic material	4
5638978477	Griffith	Concluded that nonpathogenic bacteria transformed into pathogenic bacteria by an unknown, heritable substance from the dead S cells that enabled the R cells to make capsules	5
5638978478	Chargaff's Law	the base compostion of DNA varies between species and for each species, the percentages of A and T bases are roughly equal to the percentages of the G and C bases	6
5638978479	Rosalind Franklin	accomplished X-ray crystallographer that discovered the double helix of DNA	7
5638978480	Watson and Crick	Came up with the structural model of DNA	8
5638978481	Double helix	two strands	9
5638978482	Antiparallel	subunits run in opposite directions	10
5638978483	Nitrogenous bases of Dna	A, T, C, G	11
5638978484	Purines	A and G Nitrogenous bases with two organic rings	12
5638978485	Pyrimidines	C and T Nitrogenous base with a single organic ring	13
5638978486	Conservative model	two parental strands reassociate after acting as templates for new strands thus restoring the parental double helix	14
5638978487	Semiconservative Model	the two strands of the parental molecule separate and each functions as a template for synthesis of a new complementary strand- most common	15
5638978488	Dispersive Model	each strand of both daughter molecules contains a mixture of old and newly synthesized DNA	16
5638978489	Origins of Replication	short stretches of DNA having a specific sequence of nucleotides	17
5638978490	Replication Fork	a Y shaped region where the parental strands of DNA are being unwound	18
5638978491	Helicases	enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks, separating the two parental strands and make them available as template strands	19
5638978492	Single Strand Binding Proteins	Bind to the unpaired DNA strands keeping them from repairing	20
5638978493	Topoisomerase	The untwisting of double helix causes tighter twisting and strain ahead of replication fork Relieve this strain by breaking swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands	21
5638978494	Primer	The initial nucleotide chain that is produced during DNA synthesis is actually a short stretch of RNA	22
5638978495	Primase	Synthesizes the primer Starts a complementary RNA chain from a single RNA nucleotide, adding more RNA nucleotides one at a time, using the parental DNA strand as a template	23
5638978496	DNA polymerases	Enzyme that catalyze the synthesis of new DNA by adding nucleotides to a preexisting chain	24
5638978497	Leading strand	Strand that continuously adds nucleotides to the new complementary strand as the fork progresses DNA pol III	25
5638978498	Lagging Strand	The strand that DNA pol III works away from the replication fork Synthesized discontinuosly as a series of segments	26
5638978499	Okazaki fragments	Series of segments that are 1000-2000 nucleotides long	27
5638978500	DNA Ligase	joins the sugar phosphate backbones of all the Okazaki fragments into a continuous DNA strand	28
5638978501	DNA pol III	Synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to an RNA primer or a pre-existing DNA strand	29
5638978502	DNA pol I	Removes RNA nucleotides of primer from 5' end and replaces them with DNA nucleotides	30
5638978503	Mismatch repair	Other enzymes remove and replace incorrectly paired nucleotides that have resulted from replication errors	31
5638978504	Nuclease	DNA cutting enzyme that cuts out the damaged parts of the strand and fills the space with nucleotides using the undamaged strand as a template	32
5638978505	Nucleotide excision repair	DNA repair system where teams of enzymes detect and repair the DNA, the nuclease cuts out the damaged DNA and removes it, fills in the missing nucleotides and the DNA ligase seals the free end of the new DNA to the old DNA making the strand complete	33
5638978506	Telomeres	Special nucleotide sequences at the ends of chromosomes TTAGGG is repeated between 100-1000 times Prevent the staggered ends of daughter molecule from activitating cell's system for monitoring DNA damage	34
5638978507	Telomerase	Enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres in eukaryotic germ cells and restores the original length and compensating for the shortening that occurs during DNA replication	35
5638978508	Histones	Proteins that are responsible for the first level of DNA packing in chromatin	36
5638978509	Nucleosome	the basic unit of DNA packing	37
5638978510	Chromatin	complex of DNA and protein	38
5638978511	Heterochromatin	centromeres and telomeres exist in a highly condensed state with visible irregular clumps making it largely inaccessible	39
5638978512	Euchromatin	centromeres and telomeres exist in a less compacted state that is very accessible	40

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AP 05_Cells Flashcards

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10421301854	Eukaryotic cells (eykaryotes)	Cells containing a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles. All cell types other than bacteria.	0
10421301855	Prokaryotic Cells	- cells lack a nucleus and all other membrane based organelles. Ex: bacteria	1
10421301856	Nucleus	A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA.	2
10421301857	Nucleolus	Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes	3
10421301858	Smooth ER	Is ER that does not have ribosomes attached. It is a major site of lipid synthesis.	4
10421301859	Rough ER	That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes. Makes proteins	5
10421301860	Golgi body	organelles that package cellular materials and transport them within the cell or out of the cell	6
10421301861	Ribosomes	Site of protein synthesis. May be bound to the Rough ER or free in the cell.	7
10421301862	Lysosomes	An organelle containing digestive enzymes used to break down food and worn out cell parts	8
10421301863	vacuole	Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates	9
10421301864	Chloroplast	An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs, contains its own DNA	10
10421301865	mitochondria	Enclosed by two membranes with the inner membrane folded; contains its own DNA Site of ATP synthesis via Cellular Respiration	11
10421301866	Endosymbiotic theory	A theorized process in which early eukaryotic cells were formed from simpler prokaryotes by engufing them. It is hypothesized that the mitochondria and chloroplast were initially free- living bacterial cells that were engulfed by a larger, eukaryotic cell.	12
10421301867	Evidence for the endosymbiotic theory	Chloroplast and bacteria each have a double Membrane, Same size as bacteria, contain own DNA, Divide and reproduce on their own	13
10421301868	Endomembrane system- definition	System of organelles connected by their similar phospholipid bilayers regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell. Builds & modifies proteins, packages them into vesicles, and sends them in the cell where they need to go (in a vesicle, bound in the membrane, exports out of the cell)	14
10421301869	Endomembrane system- pathway	Ribosome bound to Rough ER (builds protien), Rough ER (modifies protein), Golgi (packages protein), vesicle containing protein either 1) remains in vesicle, 2) merges with the membrane to build more membrane, or 3) exports the contents outside the cell	15
10421301870	centrioles	Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only	16
10421301871	Surface area to volume ratio	a variable that decreases as cells grow, so that it sets a limit to the size of cells.	17
10421301872	What kind of SA:Vol ratio is preferable to a cell? What are some ways this is accomplished?	Cells require a large SA:Vol Ratio. Keeping cells small, cells with fingerlike projections increase SA.	18
10421301873	Cytoskeleton	A network of long protein strands in the cytosol that helps support the cell. Acts as "tracks" on which things can move around the cell.	19
10421301874	Cell Wall	A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.	20
10421301875	What organelles are specific to a plant cell?	Cell Wall, Large central Vacuole, chloroplast	21
10421301876	Cell Membrane	the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell, regulates what can enter and exit the cell.	22

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AP Vocab Lesson Five Flashcards

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4744888103	consternation	alarming dismay or concern	0
4744888104	anomaly	a deviation from the norm; an odd peculiar occurrence	1
4744888706	vitriolic	harsh in tone; bitterly critical	2
4744888981	preamble	a preliminary statement; an introduction	3
4744889339	coterie	a small group of people who share interests and meet frequently	4
4744889933	expiate	to make amends for	5
4744890223	compendium	a list or collection of items	6
4744890224	comprise	to include or consist of; contain	7
4744890744	eidetic	pertaining to extraordinarily detailed and vivid recall	8
4744891410	innocuous	harmless	9
4744891411	foist	to pass off as genuine or valuable	10
4744891762	plethora	an overabundance; excess	11
4744891960	flippancy	disrespect	12
4744892247	incongruous	incompatible; unsuitable for the situation	13
4744892702	disconcert	to frustrate; confuse	14

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AP: 2-La comunicacion Flashcards

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7523630657	abrazar(se)	to hug	0
7523630658	amar (a alguien)	to love	1
7523630659	apetecerle (zco)	to feel like (a)	2
7523630660	besar(se)	to kiss	3
7523630661	buscar a alguien	to pick someone up	4
7523630662	caerle bien	to like someone [friend]	5
7523630663	caerle mal	to dislike someone	6
7523663722	casarse (con)	to marry	7
7523630664	contestar	to answer	8
7523630665	colgar (ue)	to hang up	9
7523630666	coquetear (con)	to flirt	10
7523630667	darle [echarle-decirle] un cumplido	to give/to say/to give a compliment (d)	11
7523630669	darle [echarle-decirle] un piropo	to give/to say/to give a flirtatious remark	12
7523630670	dejar a alguien	to break up with someone	13
7523630671	dejar plantado (a alguien)	to stand someone up	14
7523630672	discutir	to argue, quarrel	15
7523630673	divorciarse	to divorce	16
7523630674	divorciarse de alguien	to get divorced from someone	17
7523630675	echar una siesta	to take a nap	18
7523630676	engañar	to deceive, to cheat	19
7523630677	enterarse (de) (de que)	to find out	20
7523630678	equivocarse	to be wrong	21
7523630679	esperar (a alguien)	to wait for someone	22
7523630680	estar harto (de)	to be fed up/sick of	23
7523630681	estar en un lío	to be in trouble/in a mess	24
7523630682	estar en contacto (con)	to be in contact	25
7523630683	estar flipando	to be flipping out	26
7523630686	fijarse (en)	to notice; to pay attention to	27
7523630687	fingir	to fake; to pretend	28
7523630684	irse	to leave	29
7523630685	ir de tapas	to go out for tapas	30
7523630688	jurar	to swear; to promise	31
7523630689	llevar a alguien a un lugar	to take someone somewhere	32
7523630692	merecer (zc)	to deserve	33
7523630759	me gustas	I like you (romantic)/ I have a crush on you	34
7523699044	nos gustamos	We like each other (romantic)	35
7523630690	no se escucha bien/nada	I can't hear you	36
7523630693	pasar por (alguien)	to pick someone up	37
7523630694	pasear	to go for a walk/stroll	38
7523630695	ponerse pesado/a	to get annoying	39
7523630696	presentarle a una persona	to introduce someone	40
7523630697	quedar con una persona	to meet up with someone	41
7523630698	quedar en un lugar	to meet in a place	42
7523630699	quedar en hacer algo	to make plans to do something	43
7523630700	querer a alguien	to love someone	44
7523630701	salir de marcha	to go out [on the town]	45
7531499968	ir de bonche	to go out [on the town]	46
7523630702	saludar	to say hi	47
7523630703	se cortó la llamada	the call dropped; I lost the call	48
7523630691	soler (ue)	usually; normally	49
7523630704	tapear	to go out for tapas	50
7523630705	tener ganas	to feel like; to want	51
7523630706	abrumado	overwhelmed	52
7523630707	agobiado	overwelmed	53
7523630708	ansioso	anxious; nervous	54
7523630709	avergonzado	embarrassed	55
7523630710	casado	married	56
7523630711	decepcionado	disappointed	57
7523630712	deprimido	depressed	58
7523630713	desesperado	desperate	59
7523630714	divorciado	divorced	60
7523630715	emocionado	excited	61
7523630716	enamorado	in love	62
7523630717	ligados/empatados	together [a couple], dating	63
7523630718	separado	separated	64
7523630719	alma gemela	soul mate	65
7523630720	aguafiestas	party pooper	66
7523630721	buena gente	a good person	67
7523630722	cabezón	stubborn	68
7523630723	cobarde	coward	69
7523630724	consentido	spoiled	70
7523630725	despistado	absent-minded; distracted	71
7523630726	fanfarrón	show-off	72
7523630727	grosero	rude	73
7523630729	la leche	awesome	74
7523740378	lo máximo	awesome	75
7523630730	media naranja	soul mate	76
7523630731	mentiroso	lier	77
7523630728	mimado	spoiled	78
7523630732	orgulloso	proud	79
7523630733	un personaje	a character	80
7523630734	un sinvergüenza	shameless; rascal	81
7523630735	terco	stubborn	82
7523630736	presumido	boastful; arrogant	83
7523630737	mi príncipe azul	my knight in shining armour	84
7523630738	vicioso	addict	85
7523630739	viudo	widow	86
7523630740	la comida	meal	87
7523630741	la comida	lunch [se dice en España]	88
7523630742	la sobremesa	after-lunch/dinner conversation	89
7523630743	la madrugada	early morning	90
7523630744	un recado	message	91
7523630745	¿Qué te parece...?	What do you think about...?	92
7523630746	¿Que te apetece hacer?	What do you feel like doing?	93
7523630747	¿Te viene bien a las dos?	Is two ok with you?	94
7523630748	¿Dónde quedamos?	Where should we meet?	95
7523630749	¿Qué tal si...?	What if...?	96
7523630750	Te invito (a)	It's my treat; I'll pay/ I invite you to	97
7531630394	¿Bueno/Diga/Dígame/Aló/Qué hay?¡Oye!	Hello	98
7523630751	¿Puede ponerse María?	Can I talk to María?	99
7523630752	Soy María.	It's María.	100
7523630753	¿De parte de quién?	Who may I say is calling?	101
7523786202	¿Desea dejar algún recado/mensaje?	Would you like to leave a message?	102
7523630754	Ud. se ha equivocado de número.	You dialed the wrong number.	103
7531645863	¿De veras/En serio? ¡No me digas/No [te] lo puedo creer/Mentira!	Are you kidding me? Really? No way!	104
7531492809	¡Qué horror/barbaridad!	That's horrible/awful!	105
7523824740	¡Qué fuerte!	Wow!	106
7523630755	¡Qué va!	No way!	107
7531659225	¡Qué alegría/guay/fantástico/bien/ padre/chévere/famoso!	How awesome!	108
7523630757	Me gusta Paco	I have a crush on Paco	109
7523630760	Hablando del Rey de Roma y él que se asoma.	Speaking of the devil.	110
7523630761	Aunque la mona se vista de seda, mona se queda.	You can't make a silk purse out of a sow's ear. [If you are ugly, you are ugly; even if you wear silk.]	111
7523630762	Ser un/a rata.	To be cheap.	112
7523630763	Ser mono/a.	To be cute.	113