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APES Flashcards

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4851798759EnvironmentSum of conditions surrounding us that influence life0
4851798760Environmental scienceInteractions of human systems with those found in nature1
4851798761SystemAny set of interacting components that influence one another by exchanging energy or materials2
4851798762EcosystemParticular location on earth whose interacting conponents include living/biotic components and non living/abiotic3
4851798763BioticLiving4
4851798764AbioticNonliving5
4851798765EnvironmentalistPerson who participates in environmentalism6
4851798766Environmental studiesInclude environmental: science, policy, economics, literature and ethics7
4851798767Environmental indicatorsDescribe the current state of an environmental system8
4851798768SustainabilityLoving on earth in a way that allows us to use its resources without depriving future generations of those resources9
4851798769BiodiversityDiversity of life forms in an environment10
4851798770Genetic diversityMeasure of generic variation among individuals in a population11
4851798771SpeciesA group of organisms that is distinct from other groups in its morphology, behavior or buochemical properties12
4851798772SpeciationEvolution of new species13
4851798773Background extinction rateAverage rate at which species go extinct over the long term14
4851798774AnthropogenicDerived from human activities15
4851798775Greenhouse gasesHeat trapping gases in our atmosphere16
4851798776DevelopmentImprovement i himan wellbeingtheough evonomic advancement17
4851798777Sustainable developmentDevelopment that balances current human wellbeing and economic advances with resource management for the benefit of future generations18
4851798778BiophiliaLove of life19
4851798779Ecological footprintMeasure of how much that person consumes, expressed in area of land20
4851798780Scientific methodObjective way to explore the natural world, draw influences feom it and predict the outcomes if certain events21
4851798781HypothesisTestable conjecture about how something works22
4851798782Null hypothesisStatement or idea that can be falsified or proven wrong23
4851798783ReplicationTaking several set of measurements24
4851798784Sample sizeThe number of times and neasurement if replicated25
4851798785AccuracyHow close a measured value is to the acctual or true value26
4851798786PrecisionHow close to each other the repeated measuremeants of the same sample are27
4851798787UncertaintyEstimate of how much a measure or calculated differs from a true value28
4851798788Inductive reasoningProcess of making general statments from specific facts or examples29
4851798789Deductive reasoningProcess if applying a general statement to specific facts or situations30
4851798790Critical thinkingQuestioning the source of new information and methods used to obtain new information31
4851798791TheoryHypothesis that has been repeatedly tested and confirmed by multiple groups and has reached wide acceptance32
4851798792Natural lawTheory to which there is no known exceptionand has withstood rigorous testing33
4851798793Control groupGroup that experiences the exact same conditions as the experimental group34
4851798794Natural experimentNatural event acts as an experimental treatment in an ecosystem35
4851798795Environmental justiceSocial movement and field of study that works towards equal enforcement of environmental laws and the elimination of disparities of how pollutants and other environmental harms are distributed among various ethnic and socioeconomic groups36
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Ap Flashcards

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8422265815ball and socket jointhip and shoulder joints0
8422265816epiphyseal plateGrowth plate, made of cartilage, gradually ossifies1
8422265817OsteocytesBone cells2
8422265818RicketsVitamin D deficiency3
8422265819OssificationProcess of bone formation4
8422265820DiaphysisThe shaft of a long bone5
8422265821yellow marrowsoft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones6
8422265822Functions of the skeletal systemSupport, protection, body movement, hemopoiesis, and mineral storage7
8422265823synovial jointsfreely movable joints8
8422265824NucleolusFound inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes9
8422265825Mitosis phasesProphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase10
8422265826HypertonicHaving a higher concentration of solute than another solution.11
8422265827Science has limitationsIt cannot explain things that are outside the realm of science, as they deal with things not scientifically testable12
8422265828VacuolesCell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates13
8422265829MitochondrionAn organelle that is the main site of energy conversion through cellular respiration.14
8422265830RibosomesMakes proteins15
8422265831organ systemA group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions.16
8422265832EukaryoteA cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles17
8422265833ProkaryoteA unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles18
8422265834digestive systemBreaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells.19
8422265835integumentary systemConsists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail20
8422265836urinary systemkidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethray21
8422265837fibrous jointsconsists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together22
8422265838arthritisinflammation of a joint23
8422265839PeriosteumDouble-layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone.24
8422265840compact boneHard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone25
8422265841ScoliosisAbnormal lateral curvature of the spine26
8422265842cell membraneA cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.27
8422265843OrganA collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body28
8422265844CellsThe basic unit of structure and function in all living things29
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AP Flashcards

2nd periodical test

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7757416781unang perspektiboAnong perspektibo ang taal o nakaugat na sa bawat isa ang konsepto?0
7757416782Ikalawang PerspektiboAnong perspektibo ng globalisasyon na may isang mahabang siklo ng pagbabago1
7757416783Ikatlong PerspektiboAnong perspektibo ng globalisasyon na may tiyak na simula?2
7757416784Ikaapat na perspektiboAnong perspektibo ang nauugat ang globalisasyon sa mga pangyayari sa kasaysayan.3
7757416785Ikalimang PerspektiboAnong perspektibo ng globalisasyon na kung saan naimpluwensiyahan niya ang mga sumusunod: Pag usbong ng Estados Unidos, Paglitaw ng MNC at TNCs at ang Pagbagsak ng Sovict Union4
7757416786GlobalisasyonProseso ng mabilisang pagdaloy o paggalaw ng mga tao, bagay, impormasyon at produkto.5
7757416787GlobalisasyonProsesong interaksyon at integrasyon6
7757416788Thomas FriedmanSiya ang nagsabi na ang globalisasyon ay higit na malawak, mabilis, mura at malalim.7
7757416789GlobalisasyonPangmalawakang intergrasyon o pagsasanib ng ibat ibang prosesong pandaigdig8
7757416790Pamilya Pamahalaan Paaralan SimbahanAno ang mga perennial Institutions9
7757416791Post World War IIPagkahati ng daigdig sa dalawang pwersang ideolohikal partikular ang komunismo at kapitalismo10
7757416792Post Cold WarPananaig ng kapitalismo bilang sistenang pang ekonomiya11
7757416793Globalisasyong EkonomikoSentro ng isyung globalisasyon12
7757416794Transnational Companies (TNCs)Kompanyang o negosyo na nagtatag ng pasilidad sa ibang bansa.13
7757416795Multinational Companies (MNCs)Pangkalahatang katawagan na tumutukoy sa mga namumuhunanh kompanya sa ibang bansa nguniy ang mga produkto o serbisyong ipinagbili ay hindi nakabatay sa pangangailangang lokal na pamilihan.14
7757416796OutsourcingPagkuha ng isang kompanya ng serbisyo mula sa isang kompanya na may kaukulang bayad.15
7757416797OutsourcingAng pangunahing layunin ay Mapagaan ang gawain ng isang kompanya16
7757416798OffshoringPagkuha ng serbisyo ng isang kompanya mula sa ibanh bansa na na naniningil ng mas mababang bayad.17
7757416799NearshoringTumutukoy sa pagkuha ng serbisyo mula sa kompanya sa kalapit na bansa.18
7757416800OnshoringTinatawag ding domestic outsourcing na nangangahulugang pagkuha ng serbisyo sa isang kompanyang mula din sa loob ng bansa na nagbubunga ng higit na mababan gastusin sa operasyon19
7757416801TeknolohiyaBinago at binabago ang buhay ng tao20
7757416802Computer at Internetnakaagapay sa pagbibigay ng iba't'ibang uri ng serbisyo tulad ng e-mail21
7757416803NetizenTerminong ginagamit sa mga taong gumagamit ng social networking sites22
7757416804ProsumersPagkonsumo ng isang bagay o ideya habang nagpo-peoduce ng bagong ideya.23
7757416805Globalisasyong PolitikalMabilisang ugnayan sa pagitan ng mga bansa24
7757416806Fair tradeTumutukoy sa pangangalaga sa panlipunan, pang ekonomikp at pampolitikal na kalagayan ng maliit na namumuhunan.25
7757416807Fair tradenangangahulugang higit na moral at patas na pang ekonomiyang sistema sa daigdig.26
7757547661Pilipinasnangungunang bvansa sa Asya sa larangan ng non IT BPO27
7757551081Non - IT BPOSistema ng pagkuha ng serbisyo ng pribadong kompanya na ang kanilang tanggapan ay nasa ibang bansa at pagkuha ng mga call center agenst sa bansa upang magtrabaho28
7757562838Disenteng paggawa (Dencent work)Naglalayong magkaroon ng pantay na oportunidad ang bawat isa anumang kasariaan para sa isang disente at marangal na paggawa.29
7757575632Employment Pillar, Worker's Right Pillar, Social Protection Pillar, Social Dialogue PillarApat na haligi para sa isanbg disente at marangal na paggawa30
7757579527Employment Pillarsustenableng trabaho, malaya at pantay na oportunidad sa paggawa31
7757587010Employment PillarMaayos na workplace para sa mga manggagawa32
7757592400Worker's Rights PillarNaglalayong palakasin at siguruhin ang paglikha ng mga batas para sa paggawa33
7757595097Worker's Right PillarMatapat na pagpapatupad ng mga karapatan ng mga manggagawa34
7757600011Social Protection PillarHikayatin ang mga kompanya, pamahalaan, at mga sangkot sa paggawa na lumikha ng mga mekanismo para sa proteksyon ng manggagawa, katanggap-tanggap na pasahod, at opurtunidad.35
7757612498Social Dialogue PillarPalakasin ang laging bukas na pagpupulong sa pagitan ng pamahalaan, mga manggagawa at kompanya36
7757616658Social Dialogue PillarLumilikha ng collective bargaining unit.37
7757624729Sektor ng SerbisyoMay pinakamalaking bahagdan ng maraming naempleyong manggagawa sa loob ng nakalipas na sampung taon.38
7757634609Iskemang SubcontractingTumutukoy sa kaayusan sa paggawa kung saan ang kompanya ay kumokontra ng isang ahensiya o indibidwal na subcontractor.39
7757644859Labor-only contracting at Job-contracting2 umiiiral na anyo ng subcontracting40
7757648696Labor-only contractingAng subcontractor ay walang sapat na puhunan upang gawin ang trabaho o serbisyo41
7757656820Labor-only contractingAng pinasok niyang manggagawa ay may direktang kinalaman sa mga gawain ng kompanya42
7757662053Job-contractingAng subcontractor ay may sapat na puhunan para maisagawa ang trabaho at mga gawain ng mga manggagawang ipinasok ng subcontractor43
7757669840Job-contractingWalang direktang kinalaman sa mga gwain ng kompanya44
7757673237OFWtinagurian na bagong bayani45
7757676524UnderemploymentLaganap sa mahihirap na rehiyon o sa mga rehiyon na ang pangunahing hanapbuhay ay agrikultural.46
7757815037Mura at Flexible LaborIsang paraan ng mga kapitalista o namumuhunan upang palakihin ang kanilang kinikita at tinutubo sa pamamagitan ng pagpapatupad ng mababang pagpapasahod at paglinta sa panahon ng paggawa ng mga manggagawa47
7757834868Presidential Decree (PD) 442Labor code, patakarang pinaghanguan ng flexible labor48
7757844944Investment Incentive Act of 1967Naglalayong ilunsad ang malayang kalakalan at pamumuhunan sa ilalim ng patakarang neo-liberal.49
7757850686RA 5490Para mitayo ang Bataan Export Processing Zone (BEPZ) at iba pang Economic Processing Zone (EPZ)50
7757864489Omnibus Investment Act of 1987 at Foreign Investment Act of 1991Batas na nagpapatibay sa mga patakarang neo-liberal51
7757870261RA 6715 (Herrera Law)Dating PD 442, Isinulong ni dating Senator Erresto Herrera52
7757876896Article 106-109Hinggil sa pagpapakontrata ng mga trabaho at gawaing hindi bahagi ng produksyon53
7757881573Department Order No. 10Isa sa mga patakarang magpapalakas ng flexible labor54
7757887161Department Order 18-02Panahon ng administrasyong Arroyo55
7757897742Department Order 18-Anaghahayag ng patakaran ng pamahalaan laban sa pagpapakontrata56
7761850085Globalisasyonpangyayaring lubusan nakapagpabago sa buhay ng tao sa kasalukuyan57
7761850086irregular migrantsano ang tawag sa mga taong nagpupunta sa ibang kugar o bansa na walang dokumento, walang permit para magtrabaho na sinasabing overstaying sa bansang pinupuntahan58
7761850087tempory migrantssila naman ang nga taong nagtatrabaho sa mga bansang kanilang pinuntahan ay may kaukilang papeles at manorahan nang may takdang panahon59
7761850088permanent migrantsang mga ofw na may layunin sa pagpasok sa ibang bansa na hindi lamang upang magtrabaho kundi ang permanenteng paninirahan sa piniling bansa kaya kalakip dito ang pagpapalit ng pagkamamamayan o citizenship60
776185008961
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AP Flashcards

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8197952217ComprehensiveComplete ; including all or nearly all elements or aspects of something0
8197952218InquisitiveCurious1
8197952219OrificeAn opening2
8197952220FeignPretend3
8197952221solicitudestate of concern4
8197952222metastaticMalignant or cancerous cells that spread5
8197952223InsidiousGradual but harmful6
8197952224carcinomaa malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue7
8197952225PerniciousHarmful effect8
8197952226GastrointestinalRelating to the stomach and intestines9
8197952227oncologystudy of tumors10
8197952228VeneerThin covering11
8197952229insuperableimpossible to overcome12
8197952230PrefaceIntroduction to a book13
8197952231prestigioushaving a highly favorable reputation, of high standing, commanding respect14
8197952232scrutinycritical observation or examination15
8197952233versificationMetrical structure or style16
8197952234EthanolColorless volatile flammable liquid17
8197952235GynecologistPhysician or surgeon dealing with women's health18
8197952236metaphysicalrelating to metaphysics the branch of philosophy dealing with the first principles of things including abstract concepts such as being , time, and space19
8197952237emesis (R)to vomit (R)20
8197952238TenureThe right to hold an office once a person is confirmed (teacher)21
8197952239CanonPiece in which same melody starts in different parts22
8197952240PeritonealMembrane that lives the cavity of the abdomen23
8197952241HierarchySystem In which ppl or groups are ranked one above the other24
8197952242GratuitousLacking good reason25
8197952243ProtocolOfficial procedure26
8197952244SoporificDrowsiness or sleep27
8197952245EvocativeBring memories images or feelings to mind28
8197952246VirtuosityGreat skill in music or artistic pursuit29
8197952247HistoricOvertly theatrical or melodramatic in character or style30
8197952248ExplicateAnalyze and develop in detail31
8197952249GluttaneousExcessively greedy32
8197952250impediment(n.) a physical defect; a hindrance, obstacle33
8197952251palliativeremedy that alleviates pain without curing34
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Circulatory 1 SnowAP Flashcards

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5437114295hematologyWhat specialty in medicine focuses on blood?0
5437114296connectiveWhich of four primary tissue types is blood?1
5437114297plasma, leukocytes and platelets, and erythrocytesWhen blood is centrifuged three layers form. List them.2
5437114298transportation, regulation, protectionList the three major functions of blood.3
5437114299oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones, waste products, components of the immune system, regulatory proteinsWhat does the blood transport?4
5437114300body temperature, pH, fluid levels in the bloodWhat does the blood help regulate?5
5437114301immunity & clottingHow does the blood help protect the body?6
5437114302water, proteins, other solutesWhat are the major components of plasma?7
5437114303erythrocytes, leukocytes, plateletsList the formed elements of the blood.8
5437114304cardiologyWhat specialty in medicine deals with the heart?9
5437114305the pulmonary circuit & the systemic circuitWhat are the two circuits of the cardiovascular system?10
5437114306rightWhich side of the heart pumps blood in the pulmonary circuit?11
5437114307leftWhich side of the heart pumps blood in the systemic circuit?12
5437114308the size of the person's clenched fistApproximately how large is the heart?13
5437114309Posterior to the sternum between the second and sixth costal cartilages with about a third to the right of the midline and two thirds to the left.Where is the heart located?14
5437114310the posterosuperior surface, formed primarily by the left atriumWhat is the base of the heart?15
5437114311The inferior, conical end. It projects slightly anteroinferiorly towards the left side of the body.What is the apex of the heart?16
5437114312pericardiumWhat fibrous, serous sac surrounds the heart?17
5437114313fibrous pericardiumWhat is the outer, tough, dense connective tissue layer of the sac surrounding the heart?18
5437114314serous pericardiumWhat is the inner portion of the sac surrounding the heart?19
5437114315parietal layerWhat layer of the serous pericardium lines the inner surface of the of the fibrous pericardium?20
5437114316visceral layerWhat layer of the serous pericardium covers the outside of the heart?21
5437114317pericardial cavityWhat is the space between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium?22
5437114318epicardium, myocardium, endocardiumList the three layers of the heart wall.23
5437114319epicardiumWhat layer of the heart is a serous membrane?24
5437114320myocardiumWhat layer of the heart is composed of cardiac muscle?25
5437114321endocardiumWhat layer of the heart is composed of a single of simple squamous epithelium?26
54371143224How many chambers make up the heart?27
5437114323atria (atrium = singular)What are the two superior chambers of the heart that receive blood returning from the body and the lungs?28
5437114324ventriclesWhat are the two inferior chambers of the heart that pump blood to the lungs and the body?29
5437114325coronary sulcusWhat relatively deep depression lies between the atria and the ventricles of the heart?30
5437114326anterior and posterior interventricular sulciWhat depressions lie between the ventricles of the heart?31
5437114327fibrous skeletonWhat structure composed of dense irregular connective tissue lies between the atria and ventricles of the heart?32
5437114328systemic circuitThe right atrium of the heart receives blood from what circuit?33
5437114329superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinusWhat three vessels empty into the right atrium?34
5437114330interatrial septumWhat structure separates the right and left atria of the heart?35
5437114331right atrioventricular openingWhat separates the right atrium and right ventricle?36
5437114332right atrioventricular (AV) valve (tricuspid valve)What prevents blood from returning to the right atrium as the right ventricle contracts?37
5437114333interventricular septumWhat structure separates the right and left ventricles of the heart?38
5437114334papillary musclesWhat nipple-like structures project from the wall of the right ventricle?39
5437114335chordae tendineaeWhat structures anchor the tricuspid valve to the walls of the right ventricle and prevent it from everting into the right atrium?40
5437114336pulmonary trunkWhat blood vessel carries blood away from the right ventricle of the heart?41
5437114337pulmonary valveWhat valve prevents blood from returning to the right ventricle as that ventricle relaxes?42
5437114338pulmonary arteriesThe pulmonary trunk bifurcates into what two blood vessels?43
5437114339pulmonary veinsWhat blood vessels carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart?44
5437114340left atrioventricular openingWhat separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?45
5437114341left atrioventricular (AV) valve (mitral valve or bicuspid valve)What structure prevents blood from returning to the left atrium as the left ventricle contracts?46
5437114342chordae tendineaeWhat structures anchor the mitral valve to the walls of the left ventricle and prevent it from everting into the right atrium?47
5437114343papillary musclesWhat nipple-like structures project from the walls of the left ventricle?48
5437114344aortic valveWhat structure prevents blood from returning to the left ventricle as that ventricle relaxes?49
5437114345coronary circulationWhat system of arteries, capillaries, and veins supplies the heart with blood?50
5437114346coronary arteriesWhat arteries arise from the ascending aorta to supply the heart with blood?51
5437114347marginal arteryWhat branch of the right coronary artery supplies the right border of the heart?52
5437114348posterior interventricular arteryWhat branch of the right coronary artery lies within the posterior interventricular sulcus and supplies the ventricles on the posterior side of the heart?53
5437114349anterior interventricular arteryWhat branch of the left coronary artery supplies the anterior walls of the ventricles?54
5437114350circumflex arteryWhat branch of the left coronary artery supplies the left atrium and left ventricle?55
5437114351anastomosesWhat is a communication between or coalescence of blood vessels?56
5437114352collateral circulationWhat is the type of circulation that provides more than one pathway of blood flow to a region of the body? This may be the result of normal development or as a result of a pathological condition such as ischaemia (a restriction of blood flow) and may occur in arteries or veins.57
5437114353Great cardiac veinWhat vein in the coronary circulation lies in the anterior interventricular sulcus and the left side of the AV sulcus?58
5437114354posterior interventricular vein (middle cardiac vein)What vein in the coronary circulation lies in the posterior interventricular sulcus?59
5437114355small cardiac veinWhat vein in the coronary circulation runs along side the right marginal artery and lies in the right portion of the AV sulcus?60
5437114356coronary sinusWhat large vein lies in the AV sulcus on the posterior side of the heart and drains into the right atrium?61
5437114357autonomic nervous systemWhat functional, motor division of the nervous system innervates the heart?62
5437114358sympathetic divisionWhat division of the ANS increases the rate and strength of the heart beats?63
5437114359T1-T5From what portion of the the CNS does the sympathetic division innervating the heart emerge?64
5437114360parasympathetic divisionWhat is the division of the ANS which slows the heart rate?65
5437114361vagusWhat nerve carrying parasympathetic impulses innervates the heart?66
5437114362plateletsOf the three formed elements of the blood, which is not made up of cells?67
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AP Flashcards

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7769779806Yuctan Peninsula, Central AmericaWhere did the mayans live?0
7769779807Mayan Kings-Ruled the Mayan Kingdom -Were assisted by nobles and a class of Scribes.1
7769779808MenIn the Mayan civilization, who did the hunting?2
7769805489WomenIn Mayan Civilization who makes cornmeals and were responsible for homemaking and raising children3
7769805490PolytheisticMayans believes many Gods, therefore they are..........4
7769805491Hieroglyphic LanguageThe mayan language is.......5
7769805492Mayan CalendarHas two parts - SOLAR CALENDAR = with 365 days, divided into 18 months with 20 days each with 5 extra days at the end -LUNAR CALENDAR and a Calendar based on the movement of the planet VENUS = 260 days and 13 weeks of 20 days each.6
7769864500MAYAN GAMESTikal Chichen Itza Pok-a-tok7
7769864501ANDES MOUNTAIN region of South AmericaWhere did the Inca live?8
7769864502SAPA INCAThis means "emperor" -claimed to be the son of the sun -Was also the empire's religious leader9
7769864503CuzcoWhat is the capital of the INCA - was divided into four regions10
776986450411
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AP Flashcards

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7769919878Cuarteron ReefCalderon reef0
7769919879Fiery CrossKagitingan1
7769919880Itu albaLigaw2
7769919881JohnsonsouthMabini3
7769919882MischiefPanginiban4
7769919883ReedRecto5
7769919884Scarborough shoalPanatag or bajo de masinlac6
7769919885Second thomasAyungin7
7769919886SubiZamora8
7769919887ThituPag asa9
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ap Flashcards

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7771393288Bedouinmember of the nomadic desert peoples of North Africa and Southwest Asia pastoralists w/ camel and goat based culture0
7771393289shaykleaders of tribes and clans within bedouin society usually men w/ large herds wives and children1
7771393290meccacity located in mountainous region alone red sea n arabian peninsula founded by umayyad clan of Quraysh site of kaba original home of muhammad hajj destination2
7771393291KhadijahFirst wife of the prophet Muhammad, who had worked for her as a trader.3
7771393292Muhummadprophet with revelations4
7771393293Quran (Koran)recitation of the revelations of the prophet muhammad5
7771393294alicousin and son in last of muhammad on of the orthodox caliphs focus for shia6
7771393295HijrahMuhammad's migration from Mecca to (Yathrib) Medina7
7771393296UmmahThe worldwide Muslim community8
7771393297zakatTax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims9
7771393298ramadanIslamic month of religious observance requiring fasting from dawn to sunset10
77713932995 Pillars of Islamfaith, prayer, alms, fasting, pilgrimage11
7771393300Abu BakrFirst caliph of Islam after the death of Muhammad12
7771393301SunnisPolitical and theological division within Islam; supported the Umayyads13
7771393302Shia Muslimsthe 2nd largest denomination of Islam; Want a community14
7771393303mawaliNon-Arab converts to Islam15
7771393304Jizya- tax that people of the book/non muslims pay16
7771393305DhimmiNon-Muslim under Islamic rule; protected and restricted17
7771393306HadithsTraditions of the prophet Muhammad18
7771393307UmayyadsMembers of the Sunni dynasty of caliphs that ruled a Muslim empire from 661 to 75019
7771393308AbbasidsA dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire from A.D. 750 to 1258.20
7771393309Wazirchief administrative official under the abbasid empire21
7771393310dhorrsarab sailing vessels w/ triangular or lateen sails22
7771393311ayansthe wealthy landed elite that emerged in the early decades of abbasid rule23
7771393312Idol worshipto worship a statue or symbol24
7771393313Ka'bamost revered shrine in preislamic arabia in mecca25
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AP Biology Midterm (WIP) Flashcards

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86899870844 classes of molecules that make up life:- Carbs - Lipids - Proteins -Nucleic Acids0
8689992198Molecules that are macromolecules:- Carbs - Proteins _ Nucleic Acids1
8690015502The order of macromolecule groups are...Monomer --> Polymer --> Macromolecules2
8690022020Dehydration reactionThe loss of an H2O molecule to bond monomers together3
8690025800HydrolysisThe addition of an H2O molecule to break/disassemble down monomers4
8690034281Carbohydrates- monosacccaride --> disaccaride --> polysaccaride - Used as energy for ATP, to build the cell wall/ membrane, stored energy etc. - The # and type of molecules determine its function!!!5
8690064923What are carbs made of?C, H, & O (with a 2:1 hydrogen/oxygen ratio) - There is a 1:2:1 ratio in monomers6
8690080253Glycosidic linkageA C-O bond to from a disaccharide7
8690093392StarchA carb which stores energy in plants8
8690096575GlycogenA carb which stores energy in animals9
8690093393CelluloseA carb which helps form the cell wall10
8690103995ChitinA carb which builds the exoskeleton in arthropods, and the cell wall11
8690121186Lipids- have no polymers or monomers - makes up sex cells, steroids, fats, the cell membrane etc.12
8690134512What are lipids made up of?C,H, & O13
8690141024Triglyceride (fat) structure:3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol group14
8690145369Fatty acid structureA hydrocarbon and a carboxyl group15
8690155849Saturated fatty acid-Made up of only single bonds between the C and has the maximum amount of H - unhealthier for you than the alternative16
8690155850Unsaturated fatty acid- Has at least one double bond between the C so the maximum amount of H isn't used - healthier of you than the alternative17
8690180712GlycerolA 3 carbon-alcohol- where each C is bonded to a carboxyl18
8690183575Phospholipid- Made up of 2 fatty acids, a phosphate group, and glycerol - Have hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads19
8690183576Steroid- Made up of 4 fused C rings - Ex. sex cells, oxytocin20
8690186087CholesterolLDL's: Transports this to the blood stream HDL's: remove excess LDL's from the bloodstream to prevent it from clogging arteries21
8690186088Proteins- amino acid --> polypeptide - enzymatic catalysts, cell structure, storage, transportation in cells, etc.22
8690984901What are proteins made up of?C,H,O,N and sometimes S23
8690189005Amino acid structureA carboxyl group plus an amino group24
8690192008peptide bondA C-N bond through a dehydration reaction to join amino acids together to make a polypeptide25
8690785632Sickle-cell diseaseA blood disorder caused by the absence of one amino acid26
8691035842Ester linkagea bond between a fatty acid and a glycerol group through a dehydration reaction27
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