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AP Human Geography Review Flashcards

5916477837	Cartography	the science of making maps	0
5916477838	Aristotle	the person who first demonstrated that the Earth is round	1
5916477839	Eratosthenes	the first person to use the term "geography"	2
5916477840	Robinson Projection	Useful for displaying information across oceans, but the land areas are much smaller than on other maps.	3
5916477841	Mercator Projection	Has very little shape distortion, the direction is consistent, and the map is rectangular, but the area towards the poles is distorted.	4
5916477842	Township	A square six miles; divided into thirty-six sections	5
5916477843	Sections	One mile by one mile	6
5916477844	Remote Sensing	Data of the Earth's surface from a satellite	7
5916477845	Toponym	The name given to a place on Earth	8
5916477846	Site	The physical character of a place	9
5916477847	Situation	The location of a place relative to other places	10
5916477848	Prime Merdian	Zero degrees longitude cutting through Greenwich, England	11
5916477849	International Date Line	180 degrees longitude; 180 degrees away from the Prime Meridian	12
5916477850	Formal Region	An area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics	13
5916477851	Functional Region	An area organized around a node or focal point	14
5916477852	Vernacular Region	A place that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity	15
5916477853	Cultural Ecology	The geographic study of human-environment relationships	16
5916477854	Environmental Determinism	How the physical environment caused social development	17
5916477855	Possibilism	The theory that people have the ability to adjust to their environment	18
5916477856	Five Climates	Tropical, Dry, Warm Mid-Latitude, Cold Mid-Latitude, Polar	19
5916477857	Four Major Biomes	Forest, Savanna, Grassland, Desert	20
5916477858	Density	The frequency with which something occurs in a space	21
5916477859	Arithmetic Density	The total number of objects in an area	22
5916477860	Physiological Density	The number of persons per unit of area suitable for agriculture	23
5916477861	Agricultural Density	The number of farmers per unit of area of farmland	24
5916477862	Concentration	The extent of a features spread over space	25
5916477863	Distance-Decay	When contact diminishes with increasing distance and eventually disappears	26
5916477864	Relocation Diffusion	The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another	27
5916477865	Hierarchical Diffusion	The spread of an idea from persons of authority or power to other persons or places	28
5916477866	Contagious Diffusion	The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout the population	29
5916477867	Stimulus Diffusion	The spread of an underlying principle, even through a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse; diffusion in which one people receives a characteristic from another but gives it a new and unique form (Ex. American Pizza)	30
5916477868	Ecumene	The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement	31
5916477869	Demographic Transition	Stage 1- Low growth, NIR is 0% Stage 2- High growth, NIR is 5%, CBR stays constant, CDR drops drastically Stage 3- Moderate growth, CBR and CDR drop Stage 4- Low growth, CBR=CDR, NIR approaches 0%	32
5916477870	Quota Act & National Origins Act	Established the maximum limits on the number of people who could immigrate to the U.S. from each individual country during a one-year period	33
5916477871	Population Center	The average location of everyone in the country	34
5916477872	Amish Culture Origin & Diffusion	Originated from Bern, Switzerland; Alsace, France; and Palatinate, Germany. Diffused to Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, and Iowa	35
5916477873	Uniform Landscape	The spatial expression of a popular custom in one location being similar to another	36
5916477874	English Language Creation	Formed by the Angles, Jutes, and Saxons	37
5916477875	Isogl0ss	The boundary of a dialect	38
5916477876	Creole Language	A stable language from the blend of two languages	39
5916477877	Lingua Franca	Mixing two different languages to create a more simple and common language	40
5916477878	Pidgin Language	Used for communications among speakers of two different languages	41
5916477879	World's Christian Population	Roman Catholic-51% Protestant-24% Orthodox- 11%; Origin- 8-4 B.C.; Founder is Jesus	42
5916477880	Islam's Two Major Branches	Sunni-83% Shiite-16%; Origin 8-4 B.C.; Founder is Adam	43
5916477881	Buddhism	a path of practice and spiritual development leading to insight into the true nature of reality; Origin 563 B.C.; Founder is Siddhartha Gautama	44
5916477882	Hinduism	the main religion of India which includes the worship of many gods and the belief that after you die you return to life in a different form; Origin 2500 B.C.- 1500 B.C.; No specific founder	45
5916477883	Daoism	Emphasizes the mystical and magical aspects of life	46
5916477884	Shintoism	Believes in forces of nature; ethnic religion of Japan	47
5916477885	Judaism	Ethical and moral principles; first recorded religion to believe in only one god	48
5916477886	Animism	Belief that inanimate objects have spirits	49
5916477887	Sino-Tibetan Languages	A family of more than 400 languages spoken in East Asia, Southeast Asia and parts of South Asia	50
5916477888	Indo-European Languages	A large, widespread family of languages, the surviving branches of which include Italic, Slavic, Baltic, Hellenic, Celtic, Germanic, and Indo-Iranian, spoken by about half the world's population	51
5916477889	Amish	The members of a strict Mennonite sect that established major settlements in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and elsewhere in North America from 1720 onward	52
5916477890	Pilgrimage	A journey for religious purposes considered sacred	53
5916477891	Hierarchical Religion	A well defined geographic structure and organized territory	54
5916477892	Polytheistic Religion	Belief in multiple gods	55
5916477893	Monotheistic Religion	Belief in one god	56
5916477894	Proselytize	convert or attempt to convert from one religion, belief, or opinion to another	57
5916477895	Exclave	A territory belonging to a state but separated from that state by another state	58
5916477896	Enclave	a territory surrounded by a larger territory whose inhabitants are culturally or ethnically distinct	59
5916477897	Autonomous Religion	self-sufficient; interaction among communities is confined	60
5916477898	Fundamentalism	A literal interpretation and strict intense adherence to basic principles of a religion	61
5916477899	Denominations	Branches of a religion that differ on specific aspects of principles of religion	62
5916477900	Percentage of Ethnic Groups in the U.S.	Hispanic or Latino/Latina- 15% African Americans-13% Asian Americans-4% American Indians & Alaska Natives-1%	63
5916477901	Blockbusting	Real estate agents had white families sell their houses so that they could highly price them for desperate black families	64
5916477902	Self-determination	The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves	65
5916477903	Nation-state	A state whose territory corresponds with religion, ethnicity, and language	66
5916477904	Centripetal Forces	An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state	67
5916477905	Centrifugal Forces	Forces that pull apart a state	68
5916477906	Nationalities of Yugoslavia	Croats, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Serbs, Slovenes	69
5916477907	Balkanization	The process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities	70
5916477908	Acculturation	Adopting the cultural traits of another group	71
5916477909	Assimilation	The process by which a person or persons acquire the social and psychological characteristics of a group; usually takes about a lifespan	72
5916477910	Sovereignty	Independence from control of its internal affairs by other states (six nationalities without sovereignty are the Kurds, Basque, Flemish, Zulu, Palestinians, and Hmong)	73
5916477911	Commonwealth	A territory that has established a mutual agreement with another state for the benefits of both parties	74
5916477912	City-state	An independent state that comprises a town and the surrounding countryside	75
5916477913	Imperialism	Control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society	76
5916477914	Geometric Boundaries	Lines of latitude and longitude	77
5916477915	Annexation	Adding territory to an already existing state	78
5916477916	Definitional Boundary Dispute	Conflict over the language of the border agreement in a treaty or boundary contract	79
5916477917	Operational Boundary Dispute	When two countries disagree on a major issue involving the border	80
5916477918	Allocational Boundary Dispute	Conflict over the usage of the boundary	81
5916477919	Exclusive Economic Zones	States that countries can explore for resources up to 200 miles off their shores	82
5916477920	Antecedent Boundaries	Boundaries that existed before human settlement of an area	83
5916477921	Subsequent Boundaries	Boundaries that developed along with the development of the cultural landscape (Ex. China)	84
5916477922	Superimposed Boundaries	A political boundary that ignores the existing cultural landscape	85
5916477923	Relic	An abandoned boundary not currently serving a political function	86
5916477924	Elongated State	A state whose territory is long and narrow in shape	87
5916477925	Compact State	A state that posses a roughly circular shape from which the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions	88
5916477926	Fragmented State	A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory	89
5916477927	Prorupted State	A state that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension leading away from the main territory (both compact and elongated)	90
5916477928	Perforated State	A state that completely surrounds another	91
5916477929	Delimitation	Established boundary	92
5916477930	Demarcation	The process of showing the physical representation of a boundary or landscape	93
5916477931	Democratization	The transition of a dictatorship to a representative form of government	94
5916477932	Shatterbelt Regions	Regions caught up in a conflict between two superpowers	95
5916477933	Buffer State	A country that lies between two other countries in conflict but stays neutral	96
5916477934	Heartland Theory	The theory by Sir Halford Mackinder that states that whoever owns Eastern Europe and Western Asia has the political power and capital to rule the world	97
5916477935	Rimland Theory	The theory by Nichols Spyman that states that whoever owns the rimland (coastal area) will own the World Island	98
5916477936	Devolution	The giving up of power by the federal government to the different regions of a country	99
5916477937	Autonomous	Not controlled by others or by outside forces	100
5916477938	Regionalism	The breaking up of an area into autonomous regions	101
5916477939	Theocracy	A country where one particular religion is intertwined with the political structure	102
5916477940	Supranationalism	Extending state borders though establishments of other organizations	103
5916477941	Gerrymandering	The redrawing of political boundaries for political gain	104
5916477942	Manifest Destiny	The belief that the U.S. government was meant to rule the land between that Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean	105
5916477943	NATO	North Atlantic Treaty Organization; a military alliance among 16 democratic states	106
5916477944	Barrios	Spanish-speaking urban neighborhoods in the U.S.	107
5916477945	HDI	Human Development Index	108
5916477946	Factors that Determine HDI	Economic factor (GDP), Social factor (literacy rate & amount of education), and Demographic factor (life expectancy)	109
5916477947	GDP	Gross domestic product; the total value of all goods and services produced within a nation during a given period	110
5916477948	Productivity	The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it	111
5916477949	Value Added	The gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy	112
5916477950	Gender Related Development Index	Compares per capita income, schooling, literacy, and life expectancy between the two genders	113
5916477951	Rostow's Development Model	1. Traditional Society 2. Preconditions for takeoff 3. Takeoff 4. Drive to maturity 5. Age of mass consumption	114
5916477952	Fair Trade	Products are made and traded according to standards that protect workers and small businesses in LDCs	115
5916477953	Transhumance	The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and low pastures	116
5916477954	Rust Belt	Economic region in the north-east of the U.S.	117
5916477955	Sun Belt	The southern stretch of the U.S.	118
5916477956	Disapora	Common ethnic identity in a large geographic area	119
5916477957	Four Asian Tigers	The high-growth economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan.	120
5916477958	Special Economic Zones (SEZs)	Zones set up to attract foreign investment	121
5916477959	Fordist Production	Assigning every worker one specific task to do repeatedly	122
5916477960	Subsistence Agriculture	The production of food mainly for the farmer's family	123
5916477961	Immanuel Wallerstein's World Systems Theory	Three-level hierarchy: core, periphery, and semi-periphery	124
5916477962	Maquiladora	Factories built by U.S. companies in Mexico near the U.S. border to take advantage of much lower labor costs	125
5916477963	Industrial Revolution	A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods	126
5916477964	Situation Factor	Location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory	127
5916477965	Bulk-reducing Industry	An industry in which inputs weigh more than the final product	128
5916477966	Bulk-gaining Industry	An industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a greater volume than the inputs	129
5916477967	Break-of-bulk point	A location where transfer among transportation modes is possible	130
5916477968	Four Modes of Transportation for Businesses	Ship, rail, truck, or airplane	131
5916477969	Site Factor	Location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside the plant, such as land, labor, and capital	132
5916477970	Three Production Cost Factors	Land, labor, and capital	133
5916477971	Labor Intensive Industry	An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses	134
5916477972	Territorial Disputes	Conflicts between states, regions, or countries over the ownership of a given area (Ex. Russia and Crimea)	135
5916477973	Positional Disputes	Conflicts over the interpretation of documents defining a boundary or the way it is shown on the ground	136
5916477974	Functional Disputes	Conflicts over national policies applied at a border (Ex. U.S. and Mexico)	137
5916477975	Resource Disputes	Conflicts over the use of resources created or complicated by a political boundary	138
5916477976	Outsourcing	The physical separation of some economic activities from the main production facility, usually for the purpose of employing cheaper labor	139
5916477977	Agglomeration	A geographical process by which secondary and service industrial activities become clustered in cities and compact industrial regions in order to share infrastructure and markets	140
5916477978	Fixed Costs	An activity cost that must be met without regard to level of output; an input cost that is spatially constant	141
5916477979	Distance Decay	A function that represents the way that some entity or its influence decays with distance from its geographical location	142
5916477980	Weber's Least Cost Theory	Model developed by Alfred Weber according to which the location of manufacturing establishments is determined by the minimization of three critical expenses: labor, transportation, and agglomeration	143
5916477981	Entrepot	A port, city, or other center to which goods are brought for import and export, and for collection and distribution	144
5916477982	Capitalism	An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state	145
5916477983	Communism	A society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs	146
5916477984	Diaspora	Jews living outside Israel	147
5916477985	Primary Economic Activity	Economic activity concerned with the direct extraction of natural resources from the environment; such as mining, fishing, lumbering, and especially agriculture	148
5916477986	Secondary Economic Activity	Economic activity involving the processing of raw materials and their transformation into finished industrial products; the manufacturing sector	149
5916477987	Tertiary Economic Activity	Economic activity associated with the provision for services (transportation, banking, retailing, education, routine, office-based jobs)	150
5916477988	Quaternary Economic Activity	Service sector industries concerned with the collection, processing, and manipulation of information and capital (finance, administration, insurance, legal services)	151
5916477989	Quinary Economic Activity	Service sector industries that require a high level of specialized knowledge skill (scientific research, high-level management)	152
5916477990	Concentric Zone Model	A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings	153
5916477991	Multiple Nuclei Model	A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities	154
5916477992	Hoyt Sector Model	The theory of urban structure that a city develops in a series of certain sectors, instead of rings	155
5916477993	Central Place Theory	The theory that explains the regional organization of urban areas, based on their functions and the goods and services they offer	156
5916477994	Cultural Syncretism	The blending traits from two different cultures to form a new trait	157
5916477995	Metropolitan Area	A region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories, sharing industry, infrastructure, and housing	158

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AP vocabulary Flashcards

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9274836741	el anuncio	announcement; commercial	0
9274838966	logrado	gotten; obtained	1
9274849799	brillar	to shine brightly	2
9274852006	aumentar	to increase	3
9274875782	apoyar	to support	4
9274875783	envejecimiento	to get older	5
9274877269	de la misma	of the same	6
9286834021	antigüedad	antiquity (olden times)	7
9286836156	desde	from, since	8
9286838445	dudas	doubts	9
9286844114	simposio	symposium (academic gathering)	10
9286851746	Senado	senate	11
9286885958	grabación	recording	12
9286885961	tratar	to try, to treat	13
9286889558	lograr	to get or obtain	14
9286899936	fuerza	force	15
9289653725	matorral	thicket, overgrown	16
9289663655	maleza	weeds	17
9297512897	beca	scholarship	18
9297514496	ingresar	to deposit or pay	19
9297534129	abogado	lawyer	20
9297534130	derecho	law	21
9297535755	escolar	having to do with school	22
9297542408	matricularse	to enroll in classes	23
9297549472	lejanía	far away	24
9297551312	domicilio	domicile, house, residence	25
9299704168	propósito	purpose, objective	26
9299717129	además	also, in addition	27
9322103878	resaltar	jut out; stick out	28
9322103884	destacar	to stand out	29
9322114012	hallazgo	finding, discovery	30
9322116724	suceder	to happen	31
9322121391	tesoro	treasure	32
9324978780	ventaja	advantage	33
9324992721	rescatar	to ransom, recapture, recover	34
9361881929	redactar	to draft	35
9361881930	redacción	writing	36
9361886137	emplear	to employ	37

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APES laws review Flashcards

A list of important laws presented in AP Environmental Science. Based on the course offered by FLVS.

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5634493888	Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)	• The "Superfund Act," designed to ID and clean up abandoned hazardous waste dumpsites • Provides broad federal authority to clean up releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances that may endanger public health or the environment • Was created to protect people, families, communities and others from heavily contaminated toxic waste sites that have been abandoned • Goal: Clean up abandoned hazardous waste site	0
5634493890	Madrid Protocol	• Addition to Antarctic Treaty • Increased environmental protection by requiring assessments of possible environmental effects of any activities • Requires development of plans outlining responses to environmental emergencies & prohibits mining • Prohibits introduction of non-native species (except humans)	1
5634493892	Clean Air Act	• Regulates ozone (O3), particulate matter, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and lead (Pb) • Legislation that protects and provides ways for improving the air quality in the United States • Sets standards for these 6 criteria pollutants called the National Ambient Air Quality Standards • Set Limits on SO2 Emitted by coal-fired (burning) power plants. Established SO2 pollution permits sold on the Chicago Board of Trade • Brings together federal, state, and local agencies to control levels of these pollutants from cars, factories, and other sources • Limits release of air pollutants	2
5634493893	Clean Water Act	• Primary federal law in the US governing surface water quality (NOT drinking water) • Establishes standards for water meeting needs for human recreation by setting maximum permissible amounts of water pollutants that can be discharged into waterway • Goal: to make surface waters swimmable & fishable	3
5634493894	Kyoto Protocol	• (1997) International agreement with binding targets for industrialized countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions • Goal: Control global warming • Requires actual emissions to be monitored & recorded in log & places more significant burden on developed nations	4
5634493895	Montreal Protocol	International agreement to reduce production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances Goal: Phase out ozone-depleting substances	5
5634493896	Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)	• (1973) Agreement amount 175 nations that regulates species that may become extinct/endangered because of international trade • List species that cannot be commercially traded as live specimens or wildlife products • Goal: to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival • Accords varying degrees of protection to more than 33,000 species of animals and plants	6
5634493897	United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)	(1982) International agreement that set rules for the use of the world's oceans use, navigation rights, research, protection of marine environment, including restricting overfishing	7
5634493900	Endangered Species Act	• IDs threatened and endangered animals in US and puts their protection ahead of economic considerations • Forbids Federal Agencies from authorizing, funding or carrying out actions which may "jeopardize the continued existence of" endangered or threatened species. • Forbids any government agency, corporation, or citizen from taking (i.e., harming, harassing, or killing) endangered animals without a permit • Once a species is listed as threatened or endangered, the act also requires that "critical habitat" be designated for that species, including areas necessary to recover the species	8
5634493907	Safe Water Drinking Act	Allows EPA to set maximum contaminant levels for pollutants in drinking water that may have adverse effects on human health	9
5634493908	Ocean Dumping Ban Act	Bans ocean dumping of sewage sludge and industrial waste	10
5634493909	National Wild and Scenic Rivers Act	Protects rivers with due to aesthetic, recreational, wildlife, historical, or cultural reasons	11
5634493910	Surface Mining & Reclamation Act	Requires coal strip mines to reclaim the land Regulates the environmental effects of coal mining in US	12
5634493911	National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)	Environmental Assessments (EAs) and Environmental Impact Statements (EISs), which are assessments of the likelihood of impacts from alternative courses of action, must be done before any project affecting federal lands can be started	13
5634493912	Resource Conservation & Recovery Act (RCRA)	Primary law in the United States governing disposal of solid waste Controls hazardous waste with a "cradle to the grave" system Goals: Protect public from harm caused by waste disposal, encourage reduce, reuse, recycle, and clean up spilled/improperly stored wastes	14
5634493913	US Marine Mammal Protection Act	Prohibits taking, capturing or harassing marine mammals in US waters and by US citizens, and the importing marine mammals and marine mammal products into US	15
5634493914	Low-Level Radioactive Policy Act	All states must have facilities to handle low-level radioactive wastes	16
5634493915	Nuclear Waste Policy Act	US government must develop a high level nuclear waste site by 2015	17
5634493916	Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act	Requires purchase stamp by waterfowl hunters Revenue generated is used to acquire important wetlands	18
5634493918	Oil Pollution Act	To prevent further oil spills form occurring in the US, company required to make a plan to prevent spills that may occur (must also have containment and cleanup plan in case of emergency)	19
5634493919	Toxic Substances Control Act	Allows EPA screen existing & new chemicals for toxicity Gives EPA ability to track industrial chemicals currently produced/imported into the US Screens chemicals and can require reporting/testing of those that may pose hazard	20
5634493920	Wilderness Act	Goal: to preserve large expanses of pristine lands	21
5634493926	Water Resources Planning Act	Provided plans to formulate & evaluate water related land resource projects & to maintain a continuing assessment of adequacy of water supplies in US	22
5634493932	Law of the Sea Convention	the international agreement that resulted from the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III), which took place between 1973 and 1982. The Law of the Sea Convention defines the rights and responsibilities of nations with respect to their use of the world's oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of marine natural resources.	23
5634493933	Marine Mammal Protection Act	the first act of the United States Congress to call specifically for an ecosystem approach to natural resource management and conservation. It was signed into law on October 21, 1972 (and took effect 60 days later on December 21, 1972) by President Richard Nixon. MMPA prohibits the taking of marine mammals, and enacts a moratorium on the import, export, and sale of any marine mammal, along with any marine mammal part or product within the United States.	24
5634493934	Marine Plastic Pollution Research and Control Act	it applies to ship-generated garbage, and it aims to reduce the amount of garbage—both plastics and other persistent wastes—that ships dump into the oceans. It also prohibits all ships from dumping plastics into the sea.	25
5634493938	Oil Spill Prevention and Liability Act	was signed into law in August 1990, largely in response to rising public concern following the Exxon Valdez incident. The OPA improved the nation's ability to prevent and respond to oil spills by establishing provisions that expand the federal government's ability, and provide the money and resources necessary, to respond to oil spills.	26
5634493939	Pollution Prevention Act	in the United States created a national policy to have pollution prevented or reduced at the source wherever possible. It also expanded the Toxics Release Inventory.	27
5634493940	Soil and Water Conservation Act	requires USDA to periodically prepare a national plan for soil and water conservation on private lands based on an inventory and appraisal of existing resource conditions and trends. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) is the lead agency in this effort, and completed appraisals in the early 1980s and late 1980s; a third appraisal was initiated in the early 1990s, but not completed.	28
5634493941	Solid Waste Disposal Act	enacted in 1976, is the principal federal law in the United States governing the disposal of solid waste and hazardous waste.	29

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AP Flashcards

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7585332481	Atomic number	= to the number of protons	0
7585332482	Mass number	Equal to the mass of the protons and neutrons	1
7585332483	Atomic weight	Average of mass numbers of all isotopes	2
7585332484	Isotopes	Same number of protons but different number of neutrons	3
7585332485	Combining reactions	A + B ➡️ AB	4
7585332486	Decomposition reactions	AB➡️ A+ B	5
7585332487	Exchange reactions	AB + C ➡️ AC+B	6
7585332488	Primary	Amino acid sequence	7
7585332489	Secondary	Alpha helices or beta pleated sheets	8
7585332490	Tertiary	Superimposed folding of secondary structures	9
7585332491	Quaternary	Polypeptide chains linked together in a specific manner	10
7585332492	Monosaccharides	Simple sugars	11
7585332493	Disaccharides	Double sugars	12
7585332494	Polysaccharides	Polymers of simple sugars	13
7585332495	Table sugar		14
7585332496	Phospholipids	Modified triglycerides with two fatty acid groups and a phosphorusgroup	15
7585332497	Acids bonds with	Peptide bonds	16
7585332498	Homeostasis	Maintaining the internal environment within physical limits	17

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AP Words Flashcards

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5992993858	cap	0
5992993859	lap	1
5992993860	gap	2
5992995343	map	3
5992995344	nap	4

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AP **** Flashcards

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8199236826	John Kay	Flying Shuttle, increased weaving	0
8199252093	James Hargreaves	Spinning Jenny	1
8199270931	Richard Arkwright	Water frame	2
8199277492	Edmund Cartwright	Power Loom	3
8199293352	James Watt	Made Steam Engine better	4
8199298598	Thomas Newcomen	First Steam engine	5

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AP Physics Kinematics Flashcards

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4842852730	Kinematics	branch of mechanics dealing with motion, how things move, how fast they move, how long it takes them to move.	0
4842852731	Frame of Reference	a system of objects that are not moving with respect to one another	1
4842854061	Displacement	Distance and direction of an object's change in position from the starting point.	2
4842854062	Vector	A quantity that has magnitude and direction	3
4842854860	Average Speed	The overall rate of speed at which an object moves; calculated by dividing the total distance an object travels by the total time.	4
4842854861	Average velocity	the ratio of the displacement vector over the change in time	5
4842856871	Instantaneous Velocity	The speed and direction of an object at a particular instant	6
4842856872	Acceleration	Change in velocity divided by the time it takes for the change to occur	7
4842857875	Free Fall	the motion of a falling object when the only force acting on it is gravity	8
4842858744	Slope	Rise over run	9
4842858745	Scalar	A physical quantity that has magnitude only.	10
4842862869	resultant	the sum of two or more vectors	11
4842862870	Component Vectors	X = Vcos	12
4842864156	Projectile Motion	the curved path that an object follows when thrown, launched, or otherwise projected near the surface of Earth	13
4842864157	Position	A variable that gives your location relative to an origin.	14
4842864956	Velocity Graph	slope = acceleration area = displacement	15
4842864957	Speed Graph	slope = velocity	16
5060836892	acceleration graph	always constant	17
5060841141	acceleration due to gravity	All objects fall at a constant rate of acceleration	18
5076508598	Formula of Projectile Mostion	x=x0+v0t+1/2at^2	19

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AP Psychology (Abnormal Psychology) Flashcards

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10204001171	Narcissistic personality disorder	a personality disorder characterized by exaggerated ideas of self-importance and achievements; preoccupation with fantasies of success; arrogance	0
10204001172	Dissociative Disorders	disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings	1
10204001173	Anxiety	a vague unpleasant emotion that is experienced in anticipation of some (usually ill-defined) misfortune	2
10204001174	Abnormal Psychology	The field of psychology concerned with the assessment, treatment, and prevention of maladaptive behavior.	3
10204001175	interns syndrome	a tendency to diagnose one's self while studying any particular disorder	4
10204001176	DSM 5	Abbrevation for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; the book published by the American Psychiatric Association that describes the specific symptoms and diagnostic guidelines for different psychological disorders	5
10204001177	Neurotic disorders	mental disorders in which a person does not have signs of brain abnormalities and does not display grossly irrational thinking or violate basic norms but does eperience subjective distress; a category dropped from DSM-III	6
10204001179	Psychotic Disorders	psychological disorders of thought and perception, characterized by inability to distinguish between real and imagined perceptions.	7
10204001180	eclectic	selecting what seems best of various styles or ideas	8
10204001181	David Rosenhan	A social psychologist that did a study in which healthy patients were admitted to psychiatric hospitals and diagnoses with schizophrenia; showed that once you are diagnosed with a disorder, the label, even when behavior indicates otherwise, is hard to overcome in a mental health setting	9
10204001182	Rosenhan Study	study in which healthy individuals were admitted into mental hospitals after saying they were hearing voices. Once in, they acted normally and still were not labeled as impostors.	10
10204001183	phobia	an anxiety disorder characterized by extreme and irrational fear of simple things or social situations	11
10204001184	generalized anxiety disorder	an anxiety disorder characterized by chronic free-floating anxiety and such symptoms as tension or sweating or trembling of light-headedness or irritability etc that has lasted for more than six months	12
10204001185	panic disorder	an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations	13
10204001186	obsessive-compulsive disorder	An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsession) and/ or actions (compulsions).	14
10204001187	posttraumatic stress disorder	an anxiety disorder associated with serious traumatic events and characterized by such symptoms as survivor guilt, reliving the trauma in dreams, numbness and lack of involvement with reality, or recurrent thoughts and images	15
10204001188	agoraphobia	a morbid fear of open spaces (as fear of being caught alone in some public place)	16
10204001189	compulsions	repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce or prevent stress	17
10204001190	obsessions	repeated, intrusive, and uncontrollable irrational thoughts or mental images that cause extreme anxiety and distress	18
10204001191	Somatoform Disorders	class of psychological disorders involving physical ailments or complaints that cannot be explained by organic causes	19
10204001192	hypochondriasis	A somatoform disorder characterized by excessive preoccupation with health concerns and incessant worry about developing physical illnesses.	20
10204001193	conversion disorders	Somatoform disorders in which a dramatic specific disability has no physical cause but instead seems related to psychological problems	21
10204001194	psychogenic amnesia	this is when a person cannot remember things and no physiological basis for the disruption in memory can be identified	22
10204001195	fugue	dissociative disorder in which a person forgets who who they are and leaves home to creates a new life	23
10204001196	dissociative identity disorder	a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.(DID)	24
10204001197	Retrograde amnesia	loss of memory for events that occurred before the onset of amnesia; eg a soldier's forgetting events immediately before a shell burst nearby, injuring him	25
10204001198	Anterograde amnesia	loss of memory for events that occur after the onset of the amnesia; eg, see in a boxer who suffers a severe blow to the head and loses memory for events after the blow	26
10204001199	Major depression	disorder causing periodic disturbances in mood that affect concentration, sleep, activity, appetite, and social behavior; characterized by feelings of worthlessness, fatigue, and loss of interest	27
10204001200	dysthymic disorder	a mood disorder involving a pattern of comparatively mild depression that lasts for at least two years	28
10204001201	seasonal affective disorder	Controversial disorder in which a person experiences depression during winter months and improved mood during spring. Can be treated using phototherapy, using bright light and high levels of negative ions.	29
10204001202	Affective Disorders	Conditions is which feelings of sadness or elation are excessive, and not realistic, given the person's life conditions.	30
10204001203	mania	An intense or extreme enthusiasm or excitement.	31
10204001204	Personality Disorders	psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning	32
10204001205	Antisocial personality	personality who lacks a conscience, is emotionally shallow, impulsive, and selfish, and tends to manipulate others	33
10204001206	Histrionic personality disorder	a personality disorder characterized by excessive emotionality and preoccupation with being the center of attention; emotional shallowness; overly dramatic behavior	34
10204001207	Dependent personality disorder	personality disorder in which the person is unable to make choices and decisions independently and cannot tolerate being alone	35
10204001208	Paranoid personality disorder	A personality disorder characterized by a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of the motives of others without sufficient basis	36
10204001210	Schizophrenia	group of disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions	37
10204001211	Positive Symptom	A symptom of schizophrenia, including thought disorder, delusions, and hallucinations	38
10204001212	Delusions	false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders	39
10204001213	delusions of grandeur	A false belief that one is a famous person or a powerful or important person who has some great knowledge, ability, or authority. Schizophrenia.	40
10204001214	delusions of prosecution	belief that somebody is out to get you	41
10204001215	Hallucinations	false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus	42
10204001217	Negative Symptom	symptom that reflects insufficient functioning, functions that have been lost (ex: social withdrawal, slowness of thought/speech)	43
10204001218	Flat effect	Abnormality of mood and affect., lack of emotional response; no expression of feeling; voice monotonous and face immobile	44
10204001219	Catatonia	a form of schizophrenia characterized by a tendency to remain in a fixed stuporous state for long periods	45
10204001230	masochist	one who enjoys his or her own pain and suffering	46
10204001231	sadist	someone who obtains pleasure from inflicting pain or others	47
10204001232	Anorexia Nervosa	an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15 percent or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve.	48
10204001233	Bulimia Nervosa	an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise	49
10204001234	Substance Abuses	misuse of drugs that damages an individual's health and ability to function	50
10204001236	Binging	a period or bout, usually brief, of excessive indulgence, as in eating, drinking alcoholic beverages;bender, blast, jag, tear, bust, toot; orgy	51
10204001237	ADHD	Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity	52
10204001238	autism	a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind	53
10204001239	Impulsiveness	difficulty waiting turn, organizing, following throught, not due to clear cognitive impairment	54
10204001240	Hyperactivity	a condition characterized by excessive restlessness and movement	55

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AP World People Flashcards

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9972495573	Confucious	Five Relationships	0
9972495574	Abraham	Judaism	1
9972495576	Siddhartha	Buddhism	2
9972495577	Hammurabi	law Code, eye for an eye	3
9972495693	Laozi		4
9972495578	Socrates	Questioning, Greek	5
9972495580	Alexander the Great	Hellenism	6
9972495581	Shi Huangdi	First Emperor of China	7
9972495582	Asoka	Converted to Buddhism	8
9972495583	Mauryan Emperor	Asoka	9
9972495585	Examination System	Confucious	10
9972495586	First Written law code	Hammurabi	11
9972495587	Covenant from God	Abraham	12
9972495588	Judaism, Christianity, Islam	Monotheism	13
9972495589	Muhammed	Born into a polytheistic land, exposed to monothesism	14
9972495590	Converted clans of Arabia to monotheism	Muhammed	15
9972495591	Defeated Persian Empire	Alexander the Great	16
9972495592	United Persian Empire	Cyrus the Great	17
9972495593	Cyrus	promoted religious freedom	18
9972495594	Satraps	Persian Bureaucracy	19
9972495595	Religion started during Pax Romana	Christianity	20
9972495596	Jesus	Wanted to reform Judaism, evolved into a new religion	21
9972495597	Justinian	preserved roman law	22
9972495598	Genghis Khan	United Mongols	23
9972495599	Kublai Khan	Yuan Dynasty	24
9972495600	Qin Dynasty	Shi Huangdi	25
9972495602	traveled silk road, from Venice	Marco Polo	26
9972495603	traveled to Muslim cities, esplorer	Ibn Batutta	27
9972495606	Zheng He	Muslim Explorer	28
9972495607	Chinese Explorer long before Europeans	Zheng He	29
9972495608	Prince Henry	school for explorers	30
9972495609	De Gama	First to reach India by sea	31
9972495610	European Imperialist in Africa	Cecil Rhodes	32
9972495611	Egyptian Leader, worked to maintain freedom as Britain's influence grew	Muhammad Ali	33
9972495612	Muhammad Ali	Industrialized Egypt; cotton	34
9972495614	President during US Civil War	Abraham Lincoln	35
9972495616	Columbia	Simon Bolivar	36
9972495617	Simon Bolivar	Latin American Revolutionary	37
9972495618	Karl Marx	Communist Manifesto	38
9972495619	The proletariat will rise above the Bourgeoisie	Karl Marx	39
9972495620	restructured Europe after fail of Napoleon	Metternich	40
9972495621	Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand	assassination caused WWI	41
9972495622	Adam Smith	Capitalism	42
9972495623	Wealth of Nations	Adam Smith	43
9972495624	Capitalism	ownership and ability to make a profit from private property	44
9972495626	took over much of Europe in the early 1800s	Napoleon	45
9972495627	Russians defeated by backing up and burning land during the Winter	Napoleon and Hitler	46
9972495631	Shii'te	Shah Ismail	47
9972495632	Suleiman the Magnificent	Ottoman Greatness	48
9972495633	Sunni	Suleiman the Magnificent	49
9972495634	Tokugawa Ieyasu	founder of dynasty that ruled Japan from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868	50
9972495635	Matthew Perry	ended the Tokugawa	51
9972495636	responsible for the Meiji Restoration	Matthew Perry	52
9972495637	Peter the Great	Westernizing Russia	53
9972495638	Sun King	Louis XIV	54
9972495639	Louis IV	Absolute ruler of France	55
9972495640	Absolute Ruler of Russia	Peter the Great	56
9972495641	Elizabeth I	ruler of England during Shakespeare, English Renaissance	57
9972495642	defeating Spanish Armada, weakened Spanish Empire	Elizabeth I	58
9972495643	Moctezuma II	Aztec leader fell to Cortes	59
9972495644	Atahualoa	Incan leader fell to Pizarro	60
9972495645	last leader of Inca associated with Mita	Atahualoa	61
9972495646	Akbar	Founder of Mughal	62
9972495647	promoter of religious exploration and Freedom in Gunpowder Empire India	Akbar the Great	63
9972495648	Pizarro	Explorer who kidnaped Incan ruler after helping him to wage civil war	64
9972495649	Cortes	conquistador, Aztecs	65
9972495650	Martin Luther	weakened power of Catholic church in Europe	66
9972495651	Father of the Protestant Reformation	Martin Luther	67
9972495652	spread ideas of Martin Luther	Printing Press	68
9972495653	writing or speaking in the local language	Vernacular	69
9972495654	translated into the Vernacular by Luther	New Testament	70
9972495655	Columbian Exchange	largest cultural diffusion ever	71
9972495656	Columbus	sought passage west for Indian Spices	72
9972495657	Victoria	leader during Britain's age of Imperialism	73
9972495694	Leopold II		74
9972495658	Alexander II	freed serfs in Russia	75
9972495659	Toussaint L'Overture	Haitian Revolution leader	76
9972495660	Woodrow Wilson	14 Points	77
9972495661	League of Nations Idea	Woodrow Wilson	78
9972495662	Mustapha Kemal	Father of Modern Turkey	79
9972495663	Young Turks Movement	Musafa Kemal	80
9972495664	Lenin	leader of Bolsheviks	81
9972495665	Nicholas II	brought down by Lenin	82
9972495666	last Czar of Russia	Nicholas II	83
9972495667	Stalin	Russian leader WWII	84
9972495668	fascist	Hitler, Mussolini	85
9972495669	totalitarian	Hitler, Stalin	86
9972495670	communists	Lenin, Stalin, Mao, Ho Chi Minh	87
9972495671	Cold War leaders	Ho Chi Minh, Kruschev	88
9972495672	Glasnost, Peristroika	Gorbachev	89
9972495673	Gorbachev	Russian leader end Cold War	90
9972495674	Mussolini	Italy, WWII	91
9972495675	took down Ethiopia	Mussolini	92
9972495676	Sun Yat-Sen	founder of the Guomindang	93
9972495677	Mao Zedong	Cultural Revolution	94
9972495678	Chinese Communist	Mao Zedong	95
9972495679	Ho Chi Minh	North Vietnam	96
9972495680	Gandhi	Father of Modern India	97
9972495681	Civil Disobedience	Gandhi	98
9972495682	Jinnah	Indian Muslims, Pakistan	99
9972495683	Gamal Abdel Nasser	nationalization of the Suez Canal	100
9972495684	Cuban Missile Crisis	Fidel Castro	101
9972495685	Kruschev	Russian leader, against JFK	102
9972495686	Iran Hostage Crisis	supported by Ayatollah Khomeini	103
9972495687	Ayatollah Khomeini	Iranian Shia Muslim religious leader, revolutionary, politician, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran	104
9972495688	Nelson Mandela	against apartied	105
9972495689	Saddam Hussein	Sunni Iraq leader	106
9972495690	Yitzhak Rabin	Nobel Peace Prize-winning political leader who served as prime minister of Israel during the mid-1970s and mid-'90s	107
9972495691	Camp David Accords	Jimmy Carter, Anwar El Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin	108
9972495692	Oslo Accords	Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat	109

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Ap Flashcards

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8039699210	Empiricism	knowledge should be acquired through observation.	0
8039699211	Mysticism	If they didn't know how it worked it was Supernatural	1
8039699212	Xenophobia	Fear of different cultures	2
8039699213	Absolutism	A political system in which a ruler holds total power	3
8039699214	Baroque	ornate style of art and architecture popular in the 1600s and 1700s	4

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