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AP Calculus Flash Cards Flashcards

AP Calculus AB, calculus terms and theorems

10354961332	f is continuous at x=c if...		0
10354961368	Intermediate Value Theorem	If f is continuous on [a,b] and k is a number between f(a) and f(b), then there exists at least one number c such that f(c)=k	1
10354961333	Limit Definition of a Derivative f'(x)=		2
10354961334	nx^(n-1)		3
10354961335	1		4
10354961336	cf'(x)		5
10354961337	cos(x)		6
10354961338	-sin(x)		7
10354961339	sec²(x)		8
10354961340	-csc²(x)		9
10354961341	sec(x)tan(x)		10
10354961342	f'(g(x))g'(x)		11
10354961369	Extreme Value Theorem	If f is continuous on [a,b] then f has an absolute maximum and an absolute minimum on [a,b]. The global extrema occur at critical points in the interval or at endpoints of the interval.	12
10354961370	Critical Number	If f'(c)=0 or does not exist, and c is in the domain of f, then c is a critical number. (Derivative is 0 or undefined)	13
10354961371	Mean Value Theorem for Derivatives	The instantaneous rate of change will equal the mean rate of change somewhere in the interval. Or, the tangent line will be parallel to the secant line.	14
10354961343	First Derivative Test for local extrema		15
10354961344	Point of inflection at x=k		16
10354961372	2nd derivative test	If f'(c) = 0 and f"(c)<0, there is a local max on f at x=c. If f'(c) = 0 and f"(c)>0, there is a local min on f at x=c.	17
10354961391	Riemann Sum definition of a definite integral		18
10354961345	Horizontal Asymptote		19
10354961346	L'Hopital's Rule		20
10354961347	sin(x)+C		21
10354961348	-cos(x)+C		22
10354961349	tan(x)+C		23
10354961350	-cot(x)+C		24
10354961351	sec(x)+C		25
10354961352	-csc(x)+C		26
10354961373	Fundamental Theorem of Calculus #1	The definite integral of a rate of change is the total change in the original function.	27
10354961353	Fundamental Theorem of Calculus #2		28
10354961354	Mean Value Theorem for integrals or the average value of a functions		29
10354961355	ln(x)+C		30
10354961374	-ln(cosx)+C = ln(secx)+C	hint: tanu = sinu/cosu	31
10354961356	ln(sinx)+C		32
10354961357	ln(secx+tanx)+C		33
10354961358	-ln(cscx+cotx)+C		34
10354961375	dy/dt=ky	y=Ce^(kt)	35
10354961359	Area between two curves		36
10354961376	Formula for Disk Method	Axis of rotation is a boundary of the region.	37
10354961377	Formula for Washer Method	Axis of rotation is not a boundary of the region.	38
10354961360	Inverse Tangent Antiderivative		39
10354961361	Inverse Sine Antiderivative		40
10354961362	Derivative of e^(u(x))		41
10354961378	Derivative of ln(u)	u'/u	42
10354961363	Antiderivative of f(x) from [a,b]		43
10354961364	Opposite Antiderivatives		44
10354961365	Antiderivative of xⁿ		45
10354961366	Adding or subtracting antiderivatives		46
10354961367	Constants in integrals		47
10354961379	Identity function	D: (-∞,+∞) R: (-∞,+∞)	48
10354961380	f(x) = x²	D: (-∞,+∞) R: (o,+∞)	49
10354961381	f(x) = x³	D: (-∞,+∞) R: (-∞,+∞)	50
10354961382	f(x) =1/x	D: (-∞,+∞) x can't be zero R: (-∞,+∞) y can't be zero	51
10354961383	f(x) =√x	D: (0,+∞) R: (0,+∞)	52
10354961384	f(x) = e^x	D: (-∞,+∞) R: (0,+∞)	53
10354961385	f(x) = ln (x)	D: (0,+∞) R: (-∞,+∞)	54
10354961386	Sine function	D: (-∞,+∞) R: [-1,1]	55
10354961387	Cosine function	D: (-∞,+∞) R: [-1,1]	56
10354961388	Absolute value function	D: (-∞,+∞) R: [0,+∞)	57
10354961393	f(x) = √(a²-x²)	top half of circle with radius a and center (0,0)	58
10354961389	Given f(x): Is f continuous @ C Is f' continuous @ C	Yes lim+=lim-=f(c) No, f'(c) doesn't exist because of cusp	59
10354961390	Given f'(x): Is f continuous @ c? Is there an inflection point on f @ C?	This is a graph of f'(x). Since f'(C) exists, differentiability implies continuouity, so Yes. Yes f' decreases on XC so f''>0 A point of inflection happens on a sign change at f''	60
10354961394	The derivative of position	velocity	61
10354961395	The derivative of velocity	acceleration	62
10354961396	A particle is speeding up if	velocity and acceleration have the same sign	63
10354961397	A particle is slowing down if	velocity and acceleration have opposite signs	64
10354961398	Slope of tangent line to f(x) at x = c	f'(c)	65
10354961392	Area of a circle		66
10354961399	Area of a trapezoid	A=1/2h(b1+b2)	67

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Chapter 1-7 AP Review (AP Biology) Flashcards

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5038790034	Name 7 characteristics of living things	Adaptation, response, reproduction, growth and development, energy processing, regulation, order	0
5038899686	What kind of a system is used to organize life?	Biological hierarchy	1
5038803673	How are Archaea and Eubacteria so different from Eukarya?	They are Prokaryote that lack membrane-bond organelles	2
5038909773	What are the basic steps of the scientific method?	Observe, Question, Hypothesis, Prediction, Test, Data Collection, Analysis	3
5038816861	A maple leaf is at which level in the hierarchical organization of life? A. Tissue B. Organ C. Organelle D. Organism	D	4
5038831160	What are the building blocks of DNA? A. Protein B. Carbs and Lipids C. Amino Acids D. 26 nucleotides E. 4 nucleotides	E	5
5038844114	Species that are the same____________ are more closely related than species that are only the same ______________. a. Phylum; class b. family; order c. class; order d. family; genus e. kingdom; phylum	B	6
5038846960	Contrast organic and inorganic	organic has carbon	7
5038853512	what is the term for the simplest substance on Earth (cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical reaction)?	elements	8
5038857054	Describe the parts of an atom, including charge.	Neutron: neutral (in the nucleus) Protons: positive (in the nucleus) Electrons: negative	9
5038877003	Contrast molecules and compounds	a molecule is formed when 2 or more atoms join together chemically. a compound is a molecule that contains at least 2 different elements.	10
5038925327	what is the term used to describe the relationship between Carbon-12 and Carbon-14?	Isotope	11
5038929340	How are the radioisotopes helpful to studying living things?	Decay- can inject into living tissue	12
5038934803	where would a valence electron be located?	the outermost shell	13
5038940028	Contrast covalent bonds, ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds	Covalent: shared electrons Ionic: give/take electrons their bond Hydrogen: attraction of H to electronegative atom	14
5038958915	5 properties of water	Cohesion and Adhesion High Specific Heat Low Density when a Solid Universal Solvent Surface Tension	15
5038977368	The partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to the partial positive change of another water molecule. What is this attraction?	Hydrogen Bonding	16
5039024845	What is the main job of a buffer?	Resist change in pH.	17
5039032741	Which 4 element makes up about 96% of all living matter?	Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen	18
5039040023	What are the components of hydrocarbons?	carbon and hydrogen	19
5039044584	how many bonds can Carbon form to complete its valence shell?	4	20
5039046889	Why are functional groups significant	Give different molecules unique properties	21
5039051852	a. hydroxyl	-OH	22
5039054409	b. Carbonyl	C=O	23
5039058799	c. Carboxyl		24
5039068046	d. Amino group	-NH2	25
5039070978	e. Phosphate group	-PO4	26
5039075011	f. Sufhydryl group	-SH2	27
5039078284	g. Methyl	-CH3	28
5039084640	Water is added to a large polymer to make 2 smaller polymers. What kind reaction is this?	Hydrolysis	29
5039090248	Water is taken away from a reaction in order to join two monomers. What kind reaction is this?	Dehydration (synthesis)	30
5039098517	What is the name of the most abundant monosaccharide? Why would it be so abundant?	Glucose; needed do sustain Life, makes many polymers	31
5039106586	What is the name for 2 sugar carbohydrate?	disaccharide	32
5039115951	Name 3 common polysaccharides. In what kinds of organism are they most commonly found?	Cellulose, Starch (plants) Glycogen, Chitin (Animals)	33
5039126465	What are the basic components of a glycoprotein? A glycolipid?	Carb & Protein Carb & Lipid	34
5039138743	What kind of a biomolecule is defined by its solubility in non polar solvents and is relatively insoluble in water (hydrophobic)?	lipid	35
5039145669	Glycerol and 3 fatty acids make up a ______________________	Fat molecule	36
5039149697	differentiate between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.	both max # of H atoms unsaturated has double bonds	37
5039159875	phospholipids are amphipathic meaning...	The head region contains highly polar covalent bonds (consists of glycerol, a phosphate, and a charged group) and the tail region is comprised of 2 nonpolar fatty acid or isoprene chains.	38
5039168457	what is the basic composition for steroids?	fused rings	39
5039175887	Which types of protein are especially important in regulating many chemical reactions in a organism?	enzymes	40
5039181828	What are the building blocks of proteins?	Amino Acids	41
5039188851	What maintains the secondary structure of a protein? a. peptide bonds b. hydrogen bonds c. disulfide bridges d. ionic bonds e. electrostatic charges	b ( between AA in the chain)	42
5039207787	the alpha-helix and the beta-pleated sheet are both common forms found in which level of protein structure?	Secondary	43
5039217468	The 3 D shape of a protein is part of which level of protein structure (this is where the interactions of R group are most important)?	Tertiary	44
5039226818	Compare and contrast DNA and RNA?	Both helical and contain genetic info DNA: double stranded, deoxyribose sugar, ATCG RNA: single strand, ribose sugar, AUCG	45
5039239801	Why are cells fairly small?	best size for efficient diffuse of nutrients and waste	46
5039250217	Why are eukaryotes structurally more complex?	Compartmentalization & Specialization	47
5039256309	Where is the genetic material found in a prokaryote?	Nuclei Region (center of cell)	48
5039261797	Why are membranes important to a cell?	control traffic	49
5039276332	List at least 3 different examples of membranes in the cell/	Tied, untied, bilateral, multilateral, OR grants	50
5039284288	Why aren't mitochondria and chloroplasts considered part of the endomembrane system?	double-membrane bound- don't share phospholipids	51
5039327474	What are the 2 parts of ribosomes?	rRNA and proteins	52
5039332215	what is the job of ribosomes?	to make proteins	53
5039339893	What structure is located outside of the nuclear envelope and is actually connected to it?	Endoplasmic Reticulum	54
5039348660	What organelle has a key role in the synthesis, assembly, modification and transportation of proteins?	Golgi	55
5039348661	what is the role of the smooth ER?	make lipids, detoxification	56
5039359776	The _________ complex consists of stacks of flattened membranous sacs called ________________	Golgi; cisternae	57
5039367737	Describe the orientation of the cis face, trans face and medial region of this organelle.	cis: receiving trans: shipping medial: middle	58
5039372572	what is the role of the lysosome?	Digest/ Break down food, dead matter, Malfunction organelles, foreign material	59
5039385557	Which organelle is key in breaking down hydrogen peroxide which is toxic to our cells?	Peroxisome	60
5039396113	What kind of organelles can store, recycle waste, maintain turgor pressure, or remove excess water?	vacuole	61
5039400411	What is the key process performed by mitochondria?	Cellular respiration	62
5039408350	What is the key process performed by chloroplasts?	photosynthesis	63
5039414442	Why is chlorophyll and what does it do?	pigment	64
5039422462	what theory states the mitochondria and chloroplasts were once separate prokaryotes that were engulfed by larger cells?	Endosymbiosis	65
5039425943	What is the job of the cytoskeleton?	support, transportation	66
5039431850	What is the name for the "cell coat" that surrounds eukaryotic cells?	extracellular matrix	67
5039436694	What are the 2 major components of cell membranes?	phospholipids & proteins	68
5039442587	since phospholipids are amphipathic, what shape do they most easily form?	bilayer	69
5039447547	what is the model used to describe how proteins are embedded in area of moving phospholipids?	fluid mosaic model	70
5039454723	what molecule is a fluidity buffer in membrane, especially in animal cells?	cholesterol	71
5039460150	what types of proteins span the cell membrane (from inside to outside)	transmembrane	72
5039463215	list 3 function of membrane proteins	enzyme, transport, cell-cell recognition	73
5039469682	concerning permeability, what kind of membrane do cells have?	selective, semipermeble	74
5039481922	What kinds of molecules that pass through a cell membrane most easily are a. large and hydrophobic b. small and hydrophobic c. large polar molecules d. ionic e. monosaccharides	b. ( examples CO2, 02, glycerol, alcohol)	75
5039493946	What is the term for a special kind of diffusion where the solvent (water) moves through a selectively permeable membrane?	facilitated diffusion	76
5039509583	A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. in an attempt to replenish body builds, a large amount of distilled water was transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probably result of this transfusion? why?	Death- too much H20 into the RBC and they will burst	77
5039528741	All of the following membrane activities require ATP energy except a. facilitated diffusion b. active trasport c. sodium ions moving out of the cell d. proton pumps e. potassium moving into a cell	a. ( down concentration gradient)	78
5039539967	2 solutions have equal solute concentration on both sides of a membrane. what word could you use to describe this condition?	isotonic	79
5039544137	what acts as the "carrier" in carrier-mediated transport?	protein	80
5039557792	What kind of gradient is established when there is both an electrical charge difference and a concentration difference on 2 sides of the plasma membrane?	electrochemical	81
5039569728	Phagocytosis is a specific type of ___________________ where materials are taken into the cell.	endocytosis	82
5039575197	inlike phagocytosis, ____________________ involves the cell taking in dissolved material	pinocytosis	83

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AP world Chapter 2 Flashcards

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5144180244	Central Asian/Oxus civilization	A major First Civilization that emerged around 2200 B.C.E. in Central Asia along the Oxus or Amu Darya river in what is now northern Afghanistan. An important focal point for a Eurasian-wide system of intellectual and cultural exchange, it faded away about 1700 B.C.E.	0
5144180245	Code of Hammurabi	A series of laws publicized at the order of King Hammurabi of Babylon (d.1750 B.C.E.). Not actually a code, but a number of laws that proclaim the king's commitment to social order. (See the excerpt of the code in Document 2.2, pp. 95-97.)	1
5144180246	Egypt	"the gift of the Nile": Egypt is often known as "the gift of the Nile" because the region would not have been able to support a significant human population without the Nile's annual inundation, which provided rich silt deposits and made agriculture possible.	2
5144180247	Epic of Gilgamesh	The most famous extant literary work from ancient Mesopotamia, it tells the story of one man's quest for immortality.	3
5144180248	Hatshepsut	Ancient Egypt's most famous queen; reigned 1472-1457 B.C.E. (pron. hat-shep-soot)	4
5144180249	Mohenjo Daro/Harappa	Major cities of the Indus Valley civilization; both of which flourished around 2000 B.C.E. (pron. moehen-joe DAHR-oh) (pron. hah-RAHP-uh)	5
5144180250	Norte Chico/Caral	Norte Chico is a region along the central coast of Peru, home of a civilization that developed in the period 3000-1800 B.C.E. Caral was the largest of some twenty-five urban centers that emerged in the area at that time.	6
5144180251	Nubia	A civilization to the south of Egypt in the Nile Valley, noted for development of an alphabetic writing system and a major ironworking industry by 500 B.C.E.	7
5144180252	Olmec civilization	An early civilization that developed along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico around 1200 B.C.E.	8
5144180253	patriarchy	Literally "rule of the father"; a social system of male dominance.	9
5144180254	pharaoh	A king of Egypt. The term literally means "the palace" and only came into use in the New Kingdom, but it is generally employed in reference to all ancient Egyptian rulers.	10
5144180255	rise of the state	A process of centralization that took place in the First Civilizations, growing out of the greater complexity of urban life in recognition of the need for coordination, regulation, adjudication, and military leadership.	11
5144180256	Uruk	The largest city of ancient Mesopotamia. (pron. OOH-rook)	12
5144180257	Bronze Age	The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of bronze, proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization. 3500 BCE - 1300BCE. Bronze is made through mixing copper with an alloy such as tin. It is stronger and more durable than copper.	13
5144180258	Iron Age	The start of the Iron Age proper is considered by many to fall between around 1200 BCE to 600 BCE, depending on the region. In most parts of the world, its end is defined by the widespread adoption of writing, and therefore marks the transition from prehistory to history.	14
5144180259	Assyrians	a major Mesopotamian East Semitic-speaking kingdom and empire of the ancient Middle East, existed as an independent state from perhaps as early as the 2600 BCE, until its collapse between 612 BCE and 599 BCE	15
5144180260	Akkaddians	was the first ancient Semitic-speaking empire of Mesopotamia, centered in the city of Akkad and its surrounding region, also called Akkad in ancient Mesopotamia. The Akkadian Empire reached its political peak between the 24th and 22nd centuries BC, following the conquests by its founder Sargon of Akkad (2334-2279 BCE). Under Sargon and his successors, the Akkadian language was briefly imposed on neighboring conquered states.	16
5189825571	Hittites	A people from central Anatolia who established an empire in Anatolia and Syria in the Late Bronze Age. With wealth from the trade in metals and military power based on chariot forces, they vied with New Kingdom Egypt over Syria. The foremost power in Anatolia from 1700 to 1200 BCE was the. 1st to use iron	17
5189843811	Shang Dynasty	(1766-1122 BCE) The Chinese dynasty that rose to power due to bronze metalurgy, war chariots, and a vast network of walled towns whose recognized this dynasty as the superior. The Shang dynasty was the 1st dynasty that was universally recognized. They ruled with a strong monarchy with a small group of close people. They had many rituals and though ancestors were very important. Governors were put around different parts of the empire. Had a goal of expanding. Their large worked on building projects along with fighting. Most people were farmers. The ruling class had a lot of free time, they hunted, collected bronze and jade. They used oracle bones to ask questions about the future. People were buried with their master/servant and jewels all for a good afterlife.	18
5190094607	Zhou Dynasty	A decentralized Chinese dynasty in China because of the massive size, and whose emperor was the first to claim to be a link between heaven and earth. Iron metallurgy increased in this dynasty. 2nd dynasty. Lasted longer than any other dynasty in Chinese History. (1050BC-400BC) Longest dynasty in Chinese history. Established a new political order with king at the highest level, then lords and warriors and then peasants.	19
5190263882	Cuneiform	A system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllables. It originated in Mesopotamia and was used initially for Sumerian and Akkadian but later was adapted to represent other languages of western Asia. The worlds 1st system of writting; developed in Sumer by the Sumerians in the form of pictographs.	20
5190276504	Alphabet	A set of symbols that represent the sounds of a language	21

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AP French Pictionary 2018 Flashcards

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9983665252	la citoyenneté	citizenship	0
9983665253	la naturalisation	naturalization	1
9983665254	le drapeau	flag	2
9983665255	La Marseillaise	French national anthem	3
9983665256	l'hymne national	national anthem	4
9983665257	le patriotisme	patriotism	5
9983665258	un symbole	symbol	6
9983665259	l'identité culturelle	cultural identity	7
9983665260	la langue maternelle	maternal language	8
9983665261	le pays natal	birth country	9
9983665262	la nationalité	nationality	10
9983665263	l'orgueil	pride	11
9983665264	la patrie	homeland	12
9983665265	patriotique	patriotic	13
9983665266	l'immigration	immigration	14
9983665267	l'intégration (f.)	integration	15
9983665268	l'assimilation (f.)	assimilation	16
9983665269	l'éducation	education	17
9983665270	gagne-pain	...livelihood - how one makes a living	18
9983665271	opportunité / occasion	opportunity	19
9983665272	la pauvreté	poverty	20
9983665273	la richesse	wealth	21
9983665274	la paix	peace	22
9983665275	la souffrance	suffering	23
9983665276	la tyrannie	tyranny	24
9983665277	une démocratie	democracy	25
9983665278	la guerre	war	26
9983665279	la faim	hunger	27
9983665280	la tolérance / l'intolérance	tolerance / intolerance	28
9983665281	la xénophobie	xenophobia	29
9983665282	améliorer	to make better	30
9983665283	réussir	to succeed	31
9983665284	avoir envie de / desirer	to desire	32
9983665285	s'échapper	to escape	33
9983665286	immigrer	to immigrate	34
9983665287	nourrir	to feed	35
9983665288	conformer	to conform	36
9983665289	s'adapter	to adapt	37
9983665290	enseigner à	to teach	38
9983665291	apprendre à	to learn	39
9983665292	élever (un enfant)	to raise ( a child)	40
9983665293	faire une demande de naturalisation	to apply for citizenship	41
9983665294	accorder la naturalsation	to be granted citizenship	42
9983665295	la moralité	morality	43
9983665296	musulman(e)	Muslim	44
9983665297	chrétien(ne)	Christian	45
9983665298	catholique	Catholic	46
9983665299	juif/juive	Jewish	47
9983665300	athée	atheist	48
9983665301	autre	other	49
9983665302	les valeurs	values	50
9983665303	les traditions / les coutumes	traditions	51
9983665304	la polémique	controversy	52
9983665305	la foi	faith	53
9983665306	la société	society	54
9983665307	l'ethnicité	ethnicity	55
9983665308	les droits	rights	56
9983665309	la culture dominante	dominate culture	57
9983665310	la loi	law	58
9983665311	le racisme	racism	59
9983665312	le sexisme	sexism	60
9983665313	l'agisme	agism	61
9983665314	un stéréotype	stereotype	62
9983665315	le voile intégral / la burqua	burqua	63
9983665316	head scarf worn by some Muslim women	hijab	64
9983665498	à louer	to rent	65
9983665499	à mi-temps	part time	66
9983665500	à plein temps	full time	67
9983665501	à vendre	to sell	68
9983665502	acheter qqch sur un coup de tête	to buy something on impulse	69
9983665503	animé	lively	70
9983665504	apprendre par cœur	learn by heart	71
9983665505	assister à	to attend	72
9983665506	bachoter	to prepare for an exam	73
9983665507	bosser (familier)	to work	74
9983665508	cibler	to target	75
9983665509	dans une usine	in a factory	76
9983665510	décoller	to take off	77
9983665511	déménager	to move	78
9983665512	démissionner	to resign	79
9983665513	échouer	to fail	80
9983665514	efficace	efficient	81
9983665515	emballer	to wrap	82
9983665516	embaucher	to hire	83
9983665517	empêcher	to prevent	84
9983665518	emporter	to take away	85
9983665519	en plein air	outdoors	86
9983665520	faire des courses	to run errands	87
9983665521	faire des études	higher education	88
9983665522	faire du lèche-vitrines	window shopping	89
9983665523	faire l'école buissonnière	to play hooky	90
9983665524	faire la grève	to go on strike	91
9983665525	faire match nul	to tie a game	92
9983665526	féliciter	congratulate	93
9983665527	gagner sa vie/ gagner son pain	to earn a living	94
9983665528	gérer	to run or manage	95
9983665529	harceler	to harass	96
9983665530	l'actualité	current events	97
9983665531	l'agence immobilière	real estate office	98
9983665532	l'argent de poche	spending money	99
9983665533	l'autoroute	highway	100
9983665534	l'embouteillage	traffic jam	101
9983665535	l'enseignement	teaching	102
9983665536	l'enterrement	funeral	103
9983665537	l'excursion	trip	104
9983665538	l'usine	factory	105
9983665539	la bourse	scholarship	106
9983665540	le Carême	Lent	107
9983665541	la carte de vœux	new years card	108
9983665542	la colonie de vacances	camp	109
9983665543	la conférence	lecture	110
9983665544	la pendaison de crémaillère	house warming party	111
9983665545	la date limite	deadline	112
9983665546	la faculté	college	113
9983665547	la frontière	border	114
9983665548	la livraison	delivery	115
9983665549	la lune de miel	honeymoon	116
9983665550	la moyenne	average	117
9983665551	la noce	wedding ceremony	118
9983665552	la note	grade	119
9983665553	la panne	breakdown	120
9983665554	la pension	retirement plans	121
9983665555	la propriété	property	122
9983665556	la rédaction, la composition	essay	123
9983665557	la remise des diplômes	graduation	124
9983665558	la rentrée	first day of school	125
9983665559	la résidence universitaire	dorm	126
9983665560	la retraite, prendre la retraite	retirement	127
9983665561	la terminale	senior year	128
9983665562	la veille	the night before	129
9983665563	la vie nocturne	night life	130
9983665564	la vitrine	window	131
9983665565	la voiture des pompiers	firetruck	132
9983665566	le baccalauréat	exam	133
9983665567	la banlieue	suburbs	134
9983665568	le baptême	baptism	135
9983665569	le bouquin	book (slang)	136
9983665570	le bulletin scolaire	report card	137
9983665571	le cancre	dunce	138
9983665572	le car	bus	139
9983665573	quelqu'un de casanier	who loves to stay home	140
9983665574	la caserne	barracks	141
9983665575	le chômage	unemployment	142
9983665576	le collège	junior high	143
9983665577	le congé	day off	144
9983665578	le curriculum-vitae (le CV)	resume	145
9983665579	le dossier	file	146
9983665580	le faire part	announcement	147
9983665581	le gui	mistletoe	148
9983665582	le locataire	renter	149
9983665583	le lycée	high school	150
9983665584	le manuel	textbook	151
9983665585	le papier d'emballage	wrapping paper	152
9983665586	le patron	boss, owner	153
9983665587	le piéton	pedestrian	154
9983665588	(faire) le pont	long weekend	155
9983665589	le baiser	kiss	156
9983665590	le premier bal	first dance	157
9983665591	le propriétaire	proprietor	158
9983665592	le proviseur	principal	159
9983665593	le Réveillon	Christmas eve or new years eve dinner	160
9983665594	le ruban	ribbon	161
9983665595	le sans-abris	homeless	162
9983665596	le SDF	homeless	163
9983665597	le stage	training course, internship	164
9983665598	le syndicat	union	165
9983665599	le travail bénévole	volunteer work	166
9983665600	le trottoir	sidewalk	167
9983665601	les feux d'artifice	fireworks	168
9983665602	les frais d'inscription	tuition	169
9983665603	les heures de pointe	rush hour	170
9983665604	les serpentins	streamers	171
9983665605	les transports en commun	public transportation	172
9983665606	marquer un but	score a goal	173
9983665607	passer un examen	to take a test	174
9983665608	pendre	to hang	175
9983665609	poser sa candidature	to apply for	176
9983665610	pousser des cris [d'encouragement]	to scream	177
9983665611	rater un examen	fail an exam	178
9983665612	renvoyer, mettre à la porte, licencier	to fire	179
9983665613	réussir un examen	pass a test	180
9983665614	se balader	to stroll	181
9983665615	se méfier de	to be distrustful	182
9983665616	se plaindre	complain	183
9983665617	sécher un cours	skip a class	184
9983665618	souffler	to blow	185
9983665619	stationner, garer	to park	186
9983665620	un apprentissage	apprenticeship	187
9983665621	un boulot	work	188
9983665622	un cadre	executive	189
9983665623	un campagnard	country person	190
9983665624	un casse-cou	daredevil	191
9983665625	un chômeur	unemployed	192
9983665626	un citadin	city dweller	193
9983665627	une cité-dortoir	suburbs	194
9983665628	un colocataire	roommate	195
9983665629	un conseiller	advisor	196
9983665630	un défilé	parade	197
9983665631	un diplôme	diploma	198
9983665632	un échantillon	sample	199
9983665633	un entretien	interview	200
9983665634	un fainéant/ paresseux	lazy	201
9983665635	un frisson	thrill	202
9983665636	un grand ensemble	appartment complex	203
9983665637	un jour férié	public holiday	204
9983665638	une réclame, un spot publicitaire, une publicité	advertisement	205
9983665639	un métier [un boulot-familier]	a job	206
9983665640	un ouvrier	blue collar worker	207
9983665641	un poste	job	208
9983665642	un prêt bancaire	mortgage	209
9983665643	un rabat-joie	killjoy	210
9983665644	une alliance	wedding ring	211
9983665645	une ambiance	atmosphere	212
9983665646	une épreuve	test	213
9983665647	une fanfare	marching band	214
9983665648	une fête foraine	funfair	215
9983665649	une filiale, une branche, succursale	a branch store	216
9983665650	une foire	fair	217
9983665651	un/une fonctionnaire	government worker	218
9983665652	une HLM	subsidized housing project	219
9983665653	valoir la peine	to be worth it	220
9983665654	viser	to aim	221
9983665317	cibler	to target	222
9983665318	un rayon	aisle, departement	223
9983665319	les soldes	sales	224
9983665320	bricoler	to tinker	225
9983665321	la marque	brand	226
9983665322	la poussière	dust	227
9983665323	arbitrer	to referee, to arbitrate	228
9983665324	le SMIC	minimum wage	229
9983665325	le chômeur	unemployed	230
9983665326	le salaire, la rémunération	salary, wage	231
9983665327	la précarité	lack of security or stability (poverty sometimes)	232
9983665328	le logement	housing, accomodation	233
9983665329	le SDF	sans domicile fixe, homeless	234
9983665330	la HLM (habitation à loyer modéré)	social housing	235
9983665655	refuge de montagne		236
9983665331	l'office de tourisme	tourist information center	237
9983665332	séjourner	spend time, stay, dwell	238
9983665333	une escapade	a getaway, break, trip	239
9983665334	une famille traditionnelle	traditional family	240
9983665335	une famille moderne	modern family	241
9983665336	une famille nucléaire	immediate family	242
9983665337	une famille élargie	extended family	243
9983665338	une famille monoparental	one-parent familly	244
9983665339	une famille recomposées	recomposed family	245
9983665340	un ménage	household	246
9983665341	l'adoption	adoption	247
9983665342	polygame / polygamie	polgamy	248
9983665343	subvenir aux besoins de	to support (Financially)	249
9983665344	soutenir	to support (emotionally), give a helping hand	250
9983665345	enlever une famille	to raise a family	251
9983665346	l'apprentissage	learning	252
9983665347	devenir majeur	to become an adult	253
9983665348	la confiance (en soi)	confidence (in self)	254
9983665349	la responsabilité	responsibility	255
9983665350	L'entente	understanding	256
9983665351	une autorité (f).	authority	257
9983665352	la stabilité	stability	258
9983665353	La dépendance	dependence	259
9983665354	le respect des autres	respect from others	260
9983665355	L'échec	failure	261
9983665356	La tolérance	tolerance	262
9983665357	L'ennui	bordeom	263
9983665358	L'autonomie (f) / l'indépendance (f.)	autonomy/independence	264
9983665359	La méfiance	suspicion/distrust	265
9983665360	l'émancipation (f.)	freedom	266
9983665361	La rébellion / la révolte	rebellion/ revolt	267
9983665362	La filiation	affiliation	268
9983665363	une rupture	a break-up	269
9983665364	la formation	education/schooling	270
9983665365	la transgression	transgression	271
9983665366	l'identité (f)	identity	272
9983665367	le conflit	conflict	273
9983665368	la motivation	motivation	274
9983665369	le conformisme	conformism	275
9983665370	la réussite	success	276
9983665371	l'obéissance (f)	obedience	277
9983665372	la soumission	submission	278
9983665373	la politesse	politeness	279
9983665374	les responsabilités familiales	family responsibilities	280
9983665375	la discipline	discipline	281
9983665376	la punition	punishment	282
9983665377	les compétences professionnel	professional skills	283
9983665378	le pension / l'internat	boarding school	284
9983665379	une bourse	scholarship	285
9983665380	une demande d'émission	school/employment application	286
9983665381	un décrocheur/ une décrocheuse	dropout	287
9983665382	extrascolaire	extracurricular	288
9983665383	le volontariat	volunteer	289
9983665384	Faire confiance à	to trust	290
9983665385	interdire	to forbid	291
9983665386	échouer	to fail	292
9983665387	cesser	to stop	293
9983665388	en avoir marre	to be fed up with	294
9983665389	baisser	to decrease	295
9983665390	s'entendre	to get along	296
9983665391	décrocher	to give up	297
9983665392	rendre compte	to realize	298
9983665393	faire part à	to take part in	299
9983665394	valoriser	to value	300
9983665395	s'engager	to commit to	301
9983665396	se comporter	to behave	302
9983665397	strict	strict	303
9983665398	laxiste	permissive	304
9983665399	intransigeant	intransigent, uncompromising	305
9983665400	Ferme	firm	306
9983665401	Compréhensif/ compréhensive	understanding	307
9983665402	poli / impoli	polite / impolite	308
9983665403	sage	well-behaved	309
9983665404	egoiste	self-centered	310
9983665405	gaté	spolit	311
9983665406	réussir à	to succeed	312
9983665407	augmenter	to increase	313
9983665408	mal élevé	to be rude/impolite	314
9983665409	l'amitié	friendship	315
9983665410	le coup de foudre	love at first sight	316
9983665411	la tendresse	tenderness/softness	317
9983665412	la fidélité	loyalty	318
9983665413	La convivialité	friendliness	319
9983665414	le respect	respect	320
9983665656	aimé		321
9983665415	aimer passionnément / à la folie	love passionately / like crazy	322
9983665416	avoir un coup de foudre pour	to fall in love at first sight	323
9983665417	tenir à	care about	324
9983665418	attirer	to attract	325
9983665419	être / tombé amoureux de	to be / fall in love with	326
9983665657	se marier/épouser avec		327
9983665420	plaire à	to please	328
9983665421	embrasser	échanger des baisers	329
9983665422	Etre ensemble	to date	330
9983665423	amoureux de	to be in love	331
9983665424	chaleureux	warm/welcoming	332
9983665425	kiffer grave	to love (slang)	333
9983665426	passionné de	passionate about..	334
9983665427	attiré	attractive	335
9983665428	le plaisir	pleasure	336
9983665429	ravi	delighted	337
9983665430	plein d'espoir	hopeful	338
9983665431	prendre plaisir	to take pleasure	339
9983665432	S'amuser	to have fun	340
9983665433	s'intéresser à	to be interested in	341
9983665434	étonné	surprised/astonished/amazed	342
9983665435	gêné	embarassed	343
9983665436	insupportable	unbearable	344
9983665437	le chagrin	grief/sadness	345
9983665438	la douleur	pain	346
9983665439	déprimé	disappointed	347
9983665440	honteux	ashamed	348
9983665441	divorcer	to divorce	349
9983665442	tromper	to cheat/on	350
9983665443	rompre avec	to break up with	351
9983665444	en colère/ fâché	angry	352
9983665445	se fâcher	to anger	353
9983665446	se disputer	to argue	354
9983665447	se réconcilier	to make up	355
9983665448	effrayé	scared	356
9983665449	s'inquiéter	to worry	357
9983665450	craindre	to fear	358
9983665451	soupçonneux	suspicious	359
9983665452	se mettre tous à l'aise	to put to ease	360
9983665453	vivre en concubinage	to live together (before marraige)	361
9983665454	Gérer	to manage	362
9983665455	La solidarité	solidarity	363
9983665456	La sociabilité	sociability	364
9983665457	Les liens sociaux	social connections	365
9983665458	La gentillesse	kindness	366
9983665459	Les personnes âgées	elderly	367
9983665460	Les personnes de troisième âge	elderly (3rd age)	368
9983665461	les voisins	neighbors	369
9983665462	La classe moyenne	middle-class	370
9983665463	la haute société	upper class	371
9983665464	les classes populaires	lower class	372
9983665465	la classe ouvrière	working class	373
9983665466	les immigrées	immigrants	374
9983665467	les citoyens	citizens	375
9983665468	les quartiers aisé	privileged neighborhoods	376
9983665469	s'entraider	to help one another	377
9983665470	les régions urbaine	urban regions	378
9983665471	demander un service	ask for help	379
9983665472	Rendre un service a	to do someone a favor	380
9983665473	Donner un coup de main a	to give a helping hand	381
9983665474	Avoir de bonne relations avec	to have relations with..	382
9983665475	Etablir les relations avec	to establish relations with	383
9983665476	Créer des liens	to forge bonds	384
9983665477	Entrer en contact	to get in contact with	385
9983665478	Perdre contact	to lose contact	386
9983665479	Rompre les relations	to cut off relations	387
9983665480	Se dégrader / se détériorer	to deteriorate	388
9983665481	s'améliorer	to improve	389
9983665482	Un club	a club	390
9983665483	Un tribu	tribe	391
9983665484	Une communauté	community	392
9983665485	Une association	association	393
9983665486	Les cafés citoyennes	"Citizen cafes"	394
9983665487	Les repas de quartier	Neighborhood meals	395
9983665488	les aîné	elders	396
9983665489	les quartiers défavorisé	underprivileged neighborhoods	397
9983665490	courant	up to date	398
9983665491	faire du volonariat	to volunteer	399
9983665492	le bénévolat	voluntelutterrring	400
9983665493	lutter	to fight against	401
9983665494	les comportements	behaviors	402

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AP Psychology Neurons and Neurotransmittors Flashcards

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4990933054	Biopsychology	A branch of study that deals with the effects of biological factors on behavior. This branch believes that everything we do is ultimately controlled by our body and our brain.	0
4990945512	Neurons	Nerve cells	1
4990949002	Sensory (Afferent) Neurons	Detect stimuli from sense organs and relay this information to glands and muscles.	2
4990952158	Motor (Efferent) Neurons	Receive signals from the brain and/or spinal cord and relay this information to glands and muscles.	3
4990959042	Interneurons	Neurons in the brain and spinal cord that coordinate activity between sensory and motor neurons.	4
4990963047	Glial Cells	Provide nutrients to neurons, insulate neurons, and remove debris when neurons die.	5
4990969432	Cell Body	The cell's "control center," the part that looks like a really weird fried egg.	6
4990983611	Dendrites	The spindly bits coming out of the cell body that receive messages from other cells.	7
4990991058	Axon	Passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands.	8
4990999617	Myelin Sheath	Covers the axons of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses.	9
4991005114	Nodes of Ranvier	The uncovered portion of the axons where the neural impulses jump to.	10
4991072111	Schwann Cells	The protective, fatty layer over the axon. Each individual cell is a Schwann Cell, and all together they form the myelin sheath.	11
4991089979	Terminal Branch (Button)	Form junctions with the other cells in the system, and release neurotransmitters.	12
4991097186	Resting Potential	When the neuron is not transmitting information, the electrical charge is at -70mv, and there are more negative ions inside the neuron than out. The selectively permeable membrane is closed.	13
5000423552	Action Potential	Rapid, powerful change in the state of the neuron, where the neuron reaches the threshold of excitation (-50mv) and excitatory signals outnumber inhibitory ones. Na+ comes in, K+ comes out.	14
5002388971	All-or-None	The neuron either fires, or it doesn't. The intensity of the signal just depends on how often it fires, and in how many neurons fire.	15
5029216421	Absolute Refractory Period	Period immediately after an action potential, when another action potential cannot occur.	16
5029221118	Relative Refractory Period	Period after an absolute refractory period, when a neuron will only respond to a stronger than normal impulse.	17
5029237469	Neurotransmitters	Signals released from vesicles that send messages to other neurons, may be inhibitory, excitatory, or both. They regulate many aspects of behavior, and an imbalance may cause maladaptive behavior.	18
5029249673	Acetylcholine (ACh)	The most common neurotransmitter. Enables muscle function, learning, and memory. Alzheimer's causes the ACh-producing neurons to deteriorate.	19
5029264205	Dopamine	Influences learning, movement, learning, attention, and emotion. Too much dopamine is related to Schizophrenia, whereas not enough dopamine is related to the brain tremors and decreased mobility associated with Parkinson's.	20
5029287024	Serotonin	Affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal. An undersupply can lead to depression. Prozac and other drugs are meant to treat this by raising serotonin levels.	21
5029297273	Norepinephrine	Helps control alertness and arousal, associated with the "fight or flight" response. An undersupply can depress mood.	22
5029313304	GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)	A major inhibitory transmitter, an undersupply can be linked to seizures, tremors, and insomnia.	23
5029318687	Glutamate	A major excitatory neurotransmitter related to memory, an oversupply can cause brain migraines or seizures. (Some people avoid MSG because it contains glutamate.)	24
5029332280	Agonists	Mimic, prevent, or quicken release from pre-synaptic neuron	25
5029334485	Antagonists	Block neurotransmission	26
5029341230	Botoulism	Blocks release of ACh at the neuromuscular junction, causing paralysis. "Botox" is the toxin used to prevent wrinkling in facial muscles.	27
5029353148	Curare	A poison found in vines in South America, can be used to stun and kill prey quickly. Blocks ACh receptors, preventing movement.	28
5029362882	Antipsychotic Medicines	Block dopamine receptors to reduce schizophrenic hallucinations.	29
5029366181	Caffine	Increases the release of excitatory transmittors by blocking the inhibitory neurotransmitter adenosine.	30
5029375495	Cocaine	Prevents re-uptake of dopamine, leads to heightened arousal of the entire nervous system.	31

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AP Biology- Macromolecules Flashcards

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8525295860	nonpolar	electrons shared equally	0
8525295861	polar	electrons shared unequally	1
8525295862	monosaccharide	C6H12O6 simple sugar; glucose, galactose, and fructose	2
8525295863	disaccharide	two monosaccharides joined together; C12H22O1; maltose, lactose, and sucrose	3
8525295864	dehydration synthesis	condensation; joining compounds together with water released	4
8525295865	hydrolysis	breakdown of a compound by adding water	5
8525295866	polysaccharide	polymers of carbohydrates	6
8525295867	cellulose	structural polysaccharide that makes up plant cell walls	7
8525295868	starch	storage polysaccharide found in plants	8
8525295869	fatty acid	hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end; majority portion in lipids	9
8525295870	saturated fat	fat without double bonds	10
8525295871	unsaturated fat	fat with double bonds	11
8525295872	peptide bond	bond creating amino acid chains or polymers	12
8525295873	primary structure	linear sequence of amino acids; peptide bonds	13
8525295874	secondary structure	protein formed with hydrogen bonds	14
8525295875	tertiary structure	3D conformation formed; determines specificity	15
8525295876	quaternary structure	protein with more than one polypeptide chain	16
8525295877	alpha helix	secondary structure form of a protein; human hair (keratin)	17
8525295878	beta pleated sheet	secondary structure form of a protein; spider webs and silk	18
8525295879	functional group	components of organic molecules most often involved in chemical reactions	19
8525295880	metabolism	sum of all chemical reactions that take place in cell	20
8525295881	cohesion	capacity to resist tension to rupture	21
8525295882	polymer	long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together	22
8525295883	monomer	building block for polymers; only made by producers	23
8525295884	adhesion	attraction between different kinds of molecules	24
8525295885	surface tension	measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid	25
8525295886	evaporative cooling / heat of vaporization	property of a liquid where the surface becomes cooler during evaporation due to the loss of molecules	26
8525295887	disulfide bridge	tertiary structure; strong covalent bond formed when one sulfur of one cysteine monomer bonds to the sulfur of another	27
8525295888	hydrophobic interaction	tertiary structure; weak chemical bond formed when molecules that do not mix with water change to exclude the water	28
8525295889	hydrocarbon	organic molecule consisting of only hydrogen and carbon	29
8525295890	macromolecule	giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules	30
8525295891	glycosodic linkage	covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration synthesis reaction	31
8525295892	nucleotide	building block of a nucleic acid; five carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogen base and a phosphate group	32
8525295893	pyramidine	cytosine, thymine, and uracil; six-membered ring	33
8525295894	purine	adenine and guanine; six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring	34
8525295895	hydroxyl	hydrogen bonded to oxygen bonded to an organic molecule's carbon skeleton; alcohol; polar	35
8525295896	carboxyl	oxygen double bonded to a carbon atom that is bonded to a hydroxyl group	36
8525295897	amine	nitrogen bonded to two hydrogens and to the carbon skeleton	37
8525295898	sulfhydryl	sulfur bonded to hydrogen in roughly the shape of a hydroxyl; cysteine	38
8525295899	phosphate	phosphorous bonded to four oxygens, two have negative charges, one is bonded to the carbon skeleton; phospholipid	39
8525295900	compartmentalization	membrane enclosed regions that allow a eukaryotic cell to increase surface area and have specialized regions for chemical reactions.	40
8525295901	passive transport	movement of biochemicals and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input	41
8525295902	active transport	movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of their lower concentration to a region of their higher concentration in the direction against some gradient	42
8525295903	endocytosis	form of active transport in which a cell transports molecules (such as proteins) into the cell (endo- + cytosis) by engulfing them in an energy-using process.	43
8525295904	exocytosis	a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.	44
8525295905	surface area	The measurement of the outer surface of an object.	45
8525295906	volume	Amount of space occupied by an object	46
8525295907	water potential	The physical property predicting the direction in which water will flow, governed by solute concentration and applied pressure.	47
8525295908	osmosis	Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane	48

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AP Flashcards

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7901347747	M-B Umutesi	Rwandan moderate Hutu writer	0
7901379934	Paul Kagame	President of Rwanda, ended genocide by winning civil war in 1994	1
7901402429	FNLA	National Front for the Liberation of Angola, backed by Mobutu Sese Seko and USA	2
7901470906	Afrocracy	African democracy	3
7901486533	Aba women's war	1929 revolt by Igbo tribe women against warrant chiefs of the British colony	4
7901535484	Laurent Gbagbo	President of Cote d'Ivoire after FHB, arrested after contesting election of opponent in 2011 and subsequent civil conflict	5
7901554192	MPLA	Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola backed by USSR	6
7901608755	Biafra War	Nigerian civil war post-independence between Igbo secessionists and government (ethnic groups are Igbo, Yoruba, and Hausa-Falani)	7

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ap Flashcards

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6314748990	National Origins Act / Johnson-Reed Act	Anti-immigration federal legislation that took the number of immigrants from each country in 1890 and stated that immigration from those countries could now be no more than two percent of that. In addition immigration from Asia was halted. The act also severely limited further immigration from eastern and southern Europe.	0
6314748991	Scopes Trial	1925 - Prosecution of Dayton, Tennessee school teacher, John Scopes, for violation of the Butler Act, a Tennessee law forbidding public schools from teaching about evolution. Former Democratic presidential candidate, William Jennings Bryan, prosecuted the case, and the famous criminal attorney, Clarence Darrow, defended Scopes. Scopes was convicted and fined $100, but the trial started a shift of public opinion away from Fundamentalism.	1
6314748992	Immigration Act	(1965) This law made it easier for entire families to migrate and established "special categories" for political refugees. This act increased the amount of immigration.	2
6314748993	Red Scare		3
6314748994	Stock Market Crash	The Stock Market Crash was when, flooded with investments (particularly those buying "on margin, or paying a fraction of the total price or a transaction and the broker lending the trader the rest), the Stock Market crashed after those who bought on margin were forced to either put up more money or sell their stock, choosing to sell. Thousands of people sold their stocks at once, and a financial panic ensued.	4
6314748995	Home Loan Bank Act	An act passed by the Hoover administration in 1932 that was designed to encourage home ownership by providing a source of low-cost funds for member banks to extend mortgage loans. hope to reduce foreclosures on homes and farms and encourage home construction, boosting employment	5
6314748996	Washington Conference	1921-An international conference on the limitation of naval fleet construction begins in Washington. Under the leadership of the American Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes the representatives of the USA, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan pledge not to exceed the designated sizes of their respective naval fleets	6
6314748997	Good Neighbor Policy		7
6314748998	The Great Gatsby published		8
6314748999	Tennessee Valley Authority established	Also called the TVA- A New Deal agency created to generate electric power and control floods in a seven-U.S.-state region around the Tennessee River Valley . It created many dams that provided electricity, A relief, recovery, and reform effort that gave 2.5 million poor citizens jobs and land. It brought cheap electric power, low-cost housing, cheap nitrates, and the restoration of eroded soil.	9
6314749000	National Recovery Act		10
6314749001	Kellogg-Briand Pact		11
6314749002	Grapes of Wrath		12
6314749003	Coolidge's Administration		13
6314749004	Scottsboro Boys case		14
6314749005	FD Roosevelt's Administration		15
6314749006	Great Depression	(HH) , starting with collapse of the US stock market in 1929, period of worldwide economic stagnation and depression. Heavy borrowing by European nations from USA during WW1 contributed to instability in European economies. Sharp declines in income and production as buying and selling slowed down. Widespread unemployment, countries raised tariffs to protect their industries. America stopped investing in Europe. Lead to loss of confidence that economies were self adjusting, HH was blamed for it (1929-1939) The dramatic decline in the world's economy due to the United State's stock market crash of 1929, the overproduction of goods from World War I, and decline in the need for raw materials from non industrialized nations. Results in millions of people losing their jobs as banks and businesses closed around the world. Many people were reduced to homelessness, and had to rely on government sponsored soup kitchens to eat. World trade also declined as many countries imposed protective tariffs in an attempt to restore their economies.	16
6314749007	Civilian Conservation Corps		17
6314749008	Social Security Act		18
6314749009	Bonus Army March		19
6314749012	Sacco and Vanzetti Trial	Nicola Sacco was a shoe-factory worker and Bartholomew Vanzetti was a fish peddler. They were both convicted of murdering a Massachusetts paymaster and his guard in 1921. They were supported by Liberals and Radicals. The case lasted 6 years and resulted in execution based on weak evidence. Exemplifies impact of red scare and xenophobia during this time period.	20
6314749013	Dawes Plan (1924)	This plan was made by Charles Dawes, and the purpose of it was to help Germany with the reparation problem it was facing. It proposed that the allies stop occupying the Ruhr, which was an an area of economic importance, which would help Germany with the reparations it faced. He shared a Nobel Prize for this plan. attempted to facilitate German reparation payments. by loaning $200 million in gold bullion to Germany, the U.S. and its other Allies hoped to stabilize the german economy so that the Germans could pay off their debts	21
6314749014	Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930)	raised tariffs to an average of 59% on all imports and destroyed the trend of low international trade barriers. action upset foreigners and led to economic isolationism in the U.S. replaced the Dingley Tariff as the highest tariff in U.S. history, and fostered the spirit of economic nationalism that helped precipitate World War II Herbert Hoover 1930 , charged a high tax for imports thereby leading to less trade between America and foreign countries along with some economic retaliatio, HIGHEST EVER	22
6314749015	Twentieth Amendment	shortened the time between the election and inauguration day, also called the "Lame Duck Amendment," it changed the inauguration date from March 4 to January 20 for president and vice president, and to January 3 for senators and representatives. It also said Congress must assemble at least once a year.	23
6314749016	National Labor Relations	(FDR) A 1935 law, also known as the Wagner Act, that guarantees workers the right of collective bargaining sets down rules to protect unions and organizers, and created the National Labor Relations Board to regulate labor-managment relations. , Made sure workers were treated and payed well and not getting abused by their business. this law created the National Labor Relations Board to enforce the law and supervise shop elections	24
6314749017	Fair Labor Standards Act	June 25, 1938- United States federal law that applies to employees engaged in and producing goods for interstate commerce. The FLSA established a national minimum wage, guaranteed time and a half for overtime in certain jobs, and prohibited most employment of minors in "oppressive child labor," a term defined in the statute. The FLSA is administered by the Wage & Hour Division of the United States Department of Labor.	25

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AP Spanish-idioms#4 Flashcards

Idioms w/Echar

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8528649286	echar a perder	to ruin, spoil	0
8528649287	echar chispas	to be furious, get angry	1
8528649288	echar de menos	to miss	2
8528649289	echar flores	to flatter, sweet-talk	3
8528649290	echar la bronca a uno	to give someone a dressing down	4
8528649291	echar la culpa	to blame	5
8528649292	echarse a	to start to	6
8528649293	echárselas de	to fancy oneself as, boast of being	7

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AP Flashcards

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7876256627	Arbitrary	For quantities of	0
7874837419	Hypotheses	predictions of how two or more factors are likely to be related.	1
7874846549	experiment	the researcher systematically manipulates a variable under controlled conditions and observes the response	2
7874873848	independent variable	The factor the researcher manipulates (cause)	3
7874880795	Dependent variable	is the behavior or mental process that is being measured, the factor that may change as a result of manipulation of the independent variable. (effect)	4
7874903081	population	includes all of the individuals in the group to which the study applies	5
7874909064	sample	subgroup of the population	6
7874917595	random selection	putting all of the names in a hat and picking out a specific number of names,etc this is followed by sample.	7
7874932487	experimental group	that receives the treatment	8
7874944905	control group	does not receive the treatment (the comparison group)	9
7874962345	between-subjects design	the participants in the experimental and control group are different individuals.	10
7874976153	random assignment	Assigning participants to experimental conditions in such a way that all participants have equal chance of being chosen. Follows by random selection	11
7874998627	confounding variables	difference between the experimental group and the control group other than those resulting the independent variable.(Limit confidence in research conclusions.)	12
7875021050	Subjects	All participants	13
7875027748	operational definition	How the procedure and experiment should ran	14
7875045579	experimenter bias (experimenter expectancy effect)	A phenomenon that occurs when a researchers expectations or preferences about that outcome of a study influence the results obtained	15
7875070925	demand characteristics	the clues participants discover about the purpose of the study, including rumors they hear about the study suggesting how they should respond.	16
7875090503	single-blind procedure	a research in which the participants don't know which treatment group - experimental or control - they are in	17
7875116111	double-blind procedure	a research design in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group.	18
7875142555	Placebo	the imitation pill,patch,or other treatment	19
7875177771	placebo effect	When subjects sometimes believe that the treatment will be effective,and the they think they experience an improvement in health or well-being.	20
7875232053	Within-subjects design	A research design that uses each participant at his or her own control.	21
7875253988	counterbalancing	a procedure that assigns half the subjects to one of the treatments first and the other half of the subjects to the other treatment first.	22
7875319060	quasi-experiment	research designs are similar to controlled experiments, but participants (differences in behavior such as men and women,young and old, etc)	23
7875478620	correlation research	look at relationship between two variables without establishing cause and effect relationships.Used survey methods, test, etc.	24
7875565420	naturalistic observation	Is carried out in a field where naturally occurring behavior can be observed(Studies gather descriptive information about typical behavior of people or animals without manipulating any variables.)	25
7875646984	survey method	researchers use questionaries or interviews to ask a large number of people question about their behaviors ,thoughts,attitudes.	26
7875662489	Ex post facto or retrospective	studies that look at an effect and seek the cause.	27
7875738523	tests	procedures used to measure attributes of individuals at a particular time and place.	28
7875825240	case study method	is an in depth examination of a specific group or single person that typically includes interviews,observations,and test scores.	29
7875888204	Nominal scale	The way to use numbers as names ex.student numbers,females are named as 1, and boys are named as 2	30
7875904852	Qualitative data	frequently changed to numerical data for ease handling.	31
7875918805	Quantitative data	already are in numerical.	32
7875930619	Nominal scale	Numbers that are used simply to name something and can be used to count the number of cases.For example. for a survey,girls can be designated as "1", whereas boys can be designed as "2".these numbers have no intrinsic meaning .	33
7876021193	ordinal scale	Numbers that can be ranked or placement and can be put in order . For example, track the highest scorer can be designated as "1" the second highest as "2",the third highest as "3" etc.These numbers can't be averaged or a survey safication	34
7876138577	interval scale	A way showing a piece of difference between them .or example,The difference between 32 fahrenheit(F) and 42f is 10.The difference 64f and 74f is also 10 F.However, 64F IS NOT TWICE AS HOT AS 32F.	35
7876220602	ratio scale	when a meaningful ratio can be made with two numbers.Has a difference,order and real or absolute zero point.	36
7876264151	Arbitrary	For quantities of weight,that volume,and distance,zero is a meaningful concept,whereas the meaning of 0 fahrenheit.	37
7876297143	statistics	is a field that involves the analysis of numerical data about representative samples of populations	38
7876313349	descriptive statistics.	numbers that summarize a set of research data obtained form a sample,describe sets of interval or ratio data.	39
7876328937	frequency distribution	an orderly arrangement of scores indicating the frequency of each score or group of score.Data can be pictured as a histogram	40
7876346459	Histogram	A bar graph from the frequency distribution or a the points with a line	41
7876392901	central tendency	describes the average or most typical scores for a set of research data or distribution.Includes mode,median, and mean	42
7876413370	bimodal	if two scores appear most frequently	43
7876433720	multimodal	if three or more scores appear most frequently	44
7876440132	median	the middle score when the setoff data is ordered by size.Lies in the halfway between the two middle scores.	45
7876473690	mean	is the arithmetic average of the set of scores. Determined by adding up all of the arithmetic average of set of scores.	46
7876515714	mode	is generally the preferred measure of central tendency because its takes into account least used in the central tendency	47
7876491663	normal distribution	A symmetric,bell shaped curve that represents data about how many human characteristics are dispersed in the population.	48
7884024021	Skewed	Distributions where most of the scores are squeezed into one end.Its named for the direction of the tail.Mean being pulled from the data is a skewed.	49
7884024022	Variability	Describes the spread or dispersion of scores for a set of research data or distribution.Include range,variance,and standard deviation. Range highest number minus the lowest score.	50
7884024023	Range	Is the largest score minus the smaller score.Its is a rough measure of dispersion.	51
7884024024	Standard and variance deviation	Indicate the degree to which scores differ from each other and vary around the mean value for the set .Both show how much scores group together and how dispersed they are.	52
7884024025	Variance	Determined by computing the difference between each value and the mean,squaring the difference between each value and the mean (to eliminate negative signs),summing the squares differences and then taking the average of the sum of squared differences.	53
7884024026	standard deviation	the square root of the variance must fall 0 and half the value of the range	54
7919222516	Right skewed	Positive	55
7919222517	Left skewed	Negative	56
7920652974	Standard score or Z score	Standard scores enable psychologists to compare scores that are initially on different scales.For ex. A z score of 1 for 1Q test might equal 115,while a z score of 1 got the sat in mathematics might equal 600.	57
7920652975	percentile score	Indicates the percentage of scores or below a particular score.Thus ,if you score at the 90th percentile,90 percent of the score are the same or below yours.Varys between 0.01 to 99.9.	58
7920652976	correlation coefficient	A statistical measure of the degree of relatedness or association between two sets of data,X and Y.	59
7920652977	correlation coefficient(r)	Only can be between -1 to +1.	60
7920652989		If the correlation coefficient is -1, that perfect relationship Is indirect or inverse.as one variable increases the other variable decreases.	61
7920652990		If the correlation coefficient is +1 that perfect relationship is direct , as one variable increases,the other variable increases,and as one variable decreases,the other variable decreases.	62
7920652991		A correlation of 0 indicates no relationship at all between the two variables.	63
7920652978		Correlation coefficient are useful because they enabled psychologists to make predictions about Y when they know the value of X and the correlation coefficient	64
7920652979	Scatter grams or scatter plots (correlation )	Which paired x and y scores for each subject are plotted as single points on a graph.	65
7920652980	positive correlation r=+1	A slope that's going up and a perfect line	66
7920652981	r=0	Where all the dots are scarred all over the plot and no appropriate line can be drawn	67
7920652982	negative correlation r= -1	A slope that's going down	68
7920652983	Interferential statistics	Are used to interpret data and draw conclusions.Use rules to evaluate the probability that a correlation or a difference between groups reflects a real relationship and not just the operation of chance factors on the particular sample that was chosen for study.	69
7920652992		If the p value is less than 0.05 percent you a winner.	70
7920652984	Statistical significance	Is a measure of the likelihood that the difference between groups results from a real difference between the two groups rather than from chance alone.	71
7920652985	Statistical significance ( p)	Cause of science not because of not by chance.	72
7920652993		Some psychologists psychologists consider that results are significantly different only if the results have less than a 1 in 20 probability of being caused by a chance (p<.05) others consider thats results are significantly different only if the results have less that's a 1 in 100 probability of being caused by a chance. (p<.01)	73
7920652986	meta-analysis	Provides a way of statistically combining the results of individual research studies to reach an overall conclusion.	74
7920652987	meta analysis	Analysis something that has been already analyzed it's a conclusion about the conclusion	75
7920652988	Ethical guidelines	Debriefing,has to sign a consent form,you. An physically harm and mell or people	76
7920717350	Correlation study	To prove what the experiment should go by on	77
7920717351	Extraneous variables	confounding variables	78
7920717352	controlled experiment	Only proves causation	79
7920717353	Reliability	The conclusions don't add up	80

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