| 8638880139 | chromosome theory of inheritance | a basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns | | 0 |
| 8638880140 | wild type | an individual with the phenotype most commonly observed in natural populations; also refers to the phenotype itself | | 1 |
| 8638880141 | sex-linked gene | a gene located on a sex chromosome (usually the X chromosome), resulting in a distinctive pattern of inheritance | | 2 |
| 8638880142 | duchenne muscular dystrophy | a human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue | | 3 |
| 8638880143 | hemophila | a human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele resulting in the absence of one or more blood-clotting proteins; characterized by excessive bleeding following injury | | 4 |
| 8638880144 | linked genes | genes located close enough together on a chromosome that they tend to be inherited together | | 5 |
| 8638880145 | genetic recombination | general term for the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent | | 6 |
| 8638880146 | parental type | an offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes; also refers to the phenotype itself | | 7 |
| 8638880147 | recombinant type (recombinant) | an offspring whose phenotype differs from that of the parents; also refers to the phenotype itself | | 8 |
| 8638880148 | crossing over | the reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis | | 9 |
| 8638880149 | genetic map | an ordered list of genetic loci (genes or other genetic markers) along a chromosome | | 10 |
| 8638880150 | linkage map | a genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes | | 11 |
| 8638880151 | map units | a unit of measurement of the distance between genes. one map unit is equivalent to a 1% recombination frequency | | 12 |
| 8638880152 | cytogenic maps | a chart of a chromosome that locates genes with respect to chromosomal features distinguishable in a microscope | | 13 |
| 8638880153 | nondisjunction | an error in meiosis or mitosis in which members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or a pair of sister chromatids fail to separate properly from each other | | 14 |
| 8638880154 | aneuploidy | a chromosomal aberration in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or deficient in number | | 15 |
| 8638880155 | monosomic | referring to a cell that has only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two | | 16 |
| 8638880156 | trisomic | referring to a diploid cell that has three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two | | 17 |
| 8638880157 | polyploidy | a chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets. it is the result of an accident of cell division | | 18 |
| 8638880158 | deletion | a deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage; a mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene |  | 19 |
| 8638880159 | duplication | an aberration in chromosome structure due to fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome, such that a portion of a chromosome is duplicated |  | 20 |
| 8638880160 | inversion | an aberration in chromosome structure resulting from reattachment of a chromosomal fragment in a reverse orientation to the chromosome from which it originated |  | 21 |
| 8638880161 | translocation | an aberration in chromosome structure resulting from attachment of a chromosomal fragment to a nonhomologous chromosome |  | 22 |
| 8638880162 | down syndrome | a human genetic disease caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21; characterized by mental retardation and heart and respiratory defects | | 23 |
| 8638880163 | klinefelter syndrome | XXY, people with this disorder have male sex organs, but the testes are abnormally small and the man is sterile | | 24 |
| 8638880164 | turner syndrome | XO, people with this disorder are phenotypically female, they are sterile because their sex organs do not mature | | 25 |
