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AP Language Flashcards

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7234275111Simple sentenceOne single independent clause.0
7234275112Compound sentenceTwo independent clauses, or two simple sentences with a conjunction between them.1
7234276362Complex sentenceAn independent clause and at least one subordinate clause.2
7234277056Compound-complex sentenceTwo independent clauses and at least one subordinate clause.3
7234278833Loose sentenceA basic sentence with details added immediately at the end of the basic sentence elements.4
7234282767Periodic sentenceA sentence in which details are placed either before the sentence or within.5
7234284186SynecdocheA part of something is used to refer to the whole.6
7234286394MetonymyAn entity is referred to by one of its attributes.7
7234287164ParallelismA set of similarly structured words, phrases, or clauses that appears in a sentence or paragraph.8
7234287973DictionWord choice, which is viewed on scales of formality/informality, concreteness/abstraction, Latinate derivation/Anglo-Saxon derivation, and denotative/connotative values.9
7234295117Latinate DictionVocabulary characterized by the choice of elaborate, often complicated words derived from Latin roots.10
7234300722Anglo-Saxon DictionWord choice characterized by simple, often one- or two- syllable nouns, adjectives, and adverbs.11
7234304694SlangInformal language, often considered inappropriate for formal occasions and text.12
7234306402DialectThe describable patterns of a language - grammar and vocabulary - used by a particular cultural or ethnic population.13
7234309943PersonificationThe giving of human characteristics to inanimate objects.14
7234311262PeriphrasisThe substitution of an attributive word or phrase for a proper name, or the use of a proper name to suggest a personality characteristic.15
7234312110DenotationThe dictionary definition of a word.16
7234313451ConnotationThe implied meaning of a word.17
7234314218SchemeAn artful variation from typical formation and arrangement of words or sentences.18
7234315068TropeAn artful variation from expected modes of expression of thoughts and ideas.19
7234316063Parallelism of wordsParallel construction applied strictly to words.20
7234317351Parallelism of phrasesParallel construction applied strictly to phrases.21
7234319379PunA play on words that sound alike, but have different meanings, or those that are used differently in relation to two other words it governs or modifies.22
7234320709AnthimeriaOne part of speech - for example, a noun - substituting for another - for example, a verb.23
7234324966Parallelism of clausesParallel construction applied strictly to clauses.24
7234325901AntithesisThe juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas, often in parallel structure.25
7234327755Antithesis of wordsThe juxtaposition of contrasting words.26
7234328557Antithesis of phrasesThe juxtaposition of contrasting phrases.27
7234328558Antithesis of clausesThe juxtaposition of contrasting clauses.28
7234329496AntimetaboleThe repetition of words in successive clauses in reverse grammatical order.29
7234330180OnomatopoeiaSounds of the words used are related to their meaning.30
7234332596HyperboleAn exaggeration for effect.31
7234333513ParenthesisAn insertion of material that interrupts the typical flow of a sentence.32
7234425965AppositiveA noun or noun phrase that follows another noun immediately and defines or amplifies its meaning.33
7234427810EllipsisThe omission of words, the meaning of which is provided by the overall context of a passage.34
7235521367AsyndetonThe omission of conjunctions between related clauses.35
7234428800AlliterationThe repetition of consonants at the beginning or in the middle of two or more adjacent words.36
7235492552AssonanceThe repetition of vowel sounds in the stressed syllables of two or more adjacent words.37
7235494475LitotesAn understatement. Can be used to both soften criticism or express reserved optimism.38
7235496193IronyWriting or speaking that implies the contrary of what is actually written or spoken.39
7235497721AnaphoraThe repetition of a group of words at the beginning of successive clauses.40
7235499350EpistropheThe repetition of a group of words at the end of successive clauses.41
7235500829AnadiplosisThe repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the next clause.42
7235504689ClimaxThe arrangement of words, phrases, or clauses in order of increasing number or importance.43
7235507612SimileA type of comparison that uses like or as.44
7235508283MetaphorAn implied comparison that does not use like or as.45
7235508908OxymoronJuxtaposed words with seemingly contradictory meanings.46
7235510192Rhetorical questionA question posed by the speaker or writer not to seek an answer but to affirm or deny a point by simply asking a question about it.47

AP Language 17 Flashcards

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6618531589nuancea subtle difference in meaning, expression, or sound. "The nuances of facial expression and body language."0
6618531590facetone side of something that is many-sided. "Her argument addresses many facets of the issue."1
6618534056candidtruthful and straightforward; frank. "His responses were remarkably candid."2
6618536688tersesparing in the use of words; abrupt. "A terse statement."3
6618538242bolsterto support or strengthen; prop up. "She wished to bolster up her theories with hard data."4
6618544383culpabledeserving blame. "Sometimes you're just as culpable when you watch something as when you actually participate."5
6618547437delineateto describe or portray something precisely. "The law should delineate and prohibit behavior that is socially abhorrent."6
6618549720zealota person who is fanatical and uncompromising in pursuit of their religious, political, or other ideals. "Zealots on both sides of the issue resorted to name-calling and scare tactics."7
6618551705insinuateto suggest or hint (something bad or reprehensible) in an indirect and unpleasant way. "Are you insinuating that I won by cheating?"8
6618554857irreverentlacking proper respect or seriousness. "Such irreverent behavior is inappropriate during church services."9

AP Language & Composition Figurative Language Vocabulary Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
4819581468allegorya story in which the people, places and things represent general concepts or moral qualities0
4819582795colloquial expressionwords and phrases used in everyday speech but avoided in formal writing1
4819585665euphemismthe use of a word or phrase that is less direct, but also less distasteful or offensive than another2
4819589447figure of speecha word or expression that is not mean to be interpreted in the literal sense3
4819591808imagerylively descriptions which impress the images of things upon the mind4
4819594427metaphora figure of speech that makes a comparison between two things that are basically dissimilar5
4819596887motifa recurring feature (name, image, phrase) in a work of literature6
4819598010oxymorona figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory ideas or terms7
4819599524paradoxa statement that reveals a kind of truth, although it seems at first to be self-contradictory and untrue8
4819602353similea figure of speech involving a comparison using "like" or "as"9
4819603853symbolsomething that stands for another thing; frequently an object used to represent an abstraction10

AP Language Terms Flashcards

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7743656973idiomatic expressionusing, containing, or denoting expressions that are natural to a native speaker0
7743656974imageryvisually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work1
7743656975inductive reasoninglogical process in which multiple premises, all believed true or found true most of the time, are combined to obtain a specific conclusion2
7743656976inferenceconclusion based on the basis of evidence and reasoning3
7743656977invectiveinsulting, abusive, or highly critical language4
7743656978ironyopposite of what you expect5
7743656979isocoloninvolves a succession of sentences, phrases and clauses of grammatically equal length6
7743656980juxtapositionideas, characters, or places being seen or placed close together that show contrast or comparison7
7743656981litotesemploys an understatement by using double negatives8
7743656982logical fallaciesflawed argument or error in reasoning9
7743656983logosused to convince or persuade the targeted audience by implying logic or reasoning10
7743656984malapropismthe mistaken use of a word in place of a similar sounding one, often with unintentionally amusing effect11
7743656985metaphora literary tool used to compare two things without the use of like or as12
7743656986metonymysubstitute of name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant13
7743656987motifcan be seen as an image, sound, action, or other figures that have a symbolic significance and contributes toward the development of theme14
7743656988onomatopoeiaformation of a word from a sound associated with what it names15
7743656989oxymorontwo opposite ideas are joined to create an effect16
7743656990pacingThe speed or tempo of an author's writing. It can be affected by sentence structure.17
7743656991paradoxcontradictory situation which is actually true18
7743656992parallelismusing elements in sentences that are grammatically similar or identical in structure, sound, meaning, or meter19

AP Language Flashcards

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8642502744Rhetoricthe art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially with the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques. (The very act of defending has itself been a central part of rhetoric).0
8642502745BombasticHigh sounding but with little meaning; inflated;grandiloquent.1
8642502746EthosAppeal based on the character of speaker. Meaning convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader (speaker).2
8642502747LogosAn appeal to logic or reason. For example scholarly documents.3
8642502748PathosAppeal on emotion. The quality that evokes pity or sadness.4
8642502749CapriciousImpulsive; unpredictable. Sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or behavior.5
8642502750ToneWriter's attitude, mood or moral outlook toward the subject and/or the readers.6
8642502751Appealthe power of arousing a sympathetic response, to arouse a sympathetic response.7
8642502752ArgumentDiscourse intended to persuade; process of reasoning; exchange of diverging/ opposite views.8
8642502753Colloquialism (Colloquial)a word or phrase that is not formal or literary. It is still used in literature to provide a sense of actual conversation and the use of pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary of everyday speech.9
8642502754Connotationand idea or feeling that a word evokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning. Words imply or suggest qualities, attributes, and characteristics.10
8642502755Apathylack of interest, enthusiasm or concern. No emotion11
8642502756DialectA variety of language confined to a region or group, manner or means of expressing oneself.12
8642502757UnderstatementStatement which says less than is really meant. Opposite of hyperbole. Made smaller, worse, or less important than really is. Minimizing.13
8642502758HyperboleDeliberate and obvious exaggeration for effect.14
8642502759Anecdotea short and amusing or interesting story about a real person or incident.15
8642502760CondescendingHaving or feeling superior. patronizing or assuming superiority.16
8642502761VoiceAn authors distinctive literary style, basic vision and general attitude toward the world. Revealed through the use of Syntax, Diction, Punctuation, Characterization, and Dialogue.17
8642502762SyntaxSentence construction18
8642502763DictionAuthor's choice of words. Distinctive vocabulary.19
8642502764AssertionA confident and forceful statement of fact or belief. A declaration that's made em pathetically in an argument as it to be understood as a statement of fact.20
8642502765Cogent(of an argument or case) clear, logical, and convincing.21
8642502766Coherent(of an argument, theory, or policy) logical and consistent22
8642502767Cohesivecharacterized by or causing cohesion (act or state of being uniting, cohering, or sticking together).23
8642502768Didacticintended to teach, particularly in having moral instruction as an ulterior motive.24
8642502769Discoursewritten or spoken communication or debate. (verb) speak or write authoritatively about a topic.25
8642502770Eloquencefluent or persuasive speaking or writing.26
8642502771Fluidable to flow easily.27
8642502772implicationthe conclusion that can be drawn from something, although it is not explicitly stated.28
8642502773lucidexpressed clearly; easy to understand29
8642502774rhetora teacher of rhetoric30
8642502775Arbitera person who settles a dispute or has ultimate authority in a matter31
8642502776Biasedunfairly prejudiced for or against something or someone.32
8642502777Exculpateshow or declare that (someone) is not guilty of wrongdoing33
8642502778Impartialtreating all rivals or disputants equally; fair and just.34
8642502779Incontrovertiblenot able to be denied or disputed.35
8642502780Integritythe quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; moral uprightness.36
8642502781Objectivitythe quality of being objective; justice; neutrality37
8642502782Plausible(of an argument or statement) seeming reasonable or probable.38
8642502783Substantiatedprovide evidence to support or prove that truth of.39
8642502784vindicatedclear (something) of blame or suspicion.40
8642502785CondescendingHaving or feeling superior. patronizing or assuming superiority.41
8642502786Contemptuousshowing contempt; scornful42
8642502787Despoticof, relating to, or characteristics of a despot (ruler with total power; usually unfair)43
8642502788Dictatorialof or typical of a ruler with total control44
8642502789Disdainthe feeling that someone or something is unworthy of one's consideration or respect; contempt.45
8642502790Haughtyarrogantly superior and disdainful.46
8642502791Imperiousassuming power or authority without justification; arrogant and domineering.47
8642502792Patronizingtreat with an apparent kindness that betrays a feeling of superiority.48
8642502793Listlesslacking energy or enthusiasm.49
8642502794Melancholya feeling of pensive sadness, typically with no obvious cause.50
8642502795Torpora state of physical or mental inactivity51
8642502796alliancea relationship based on an affinity in interests, nature, or qualities.52
8642502797disparitya great difference, imbalance.53
8642502798impingehave an affect or impact, especially a negative one. Influence.54
8642502799Paradoxa state or proposition that, despite reasoning, leads to a conclusion that seems senseless, logically unacceptable, self-contradictory.55
8642502800allusionan expression to call something to mind without mentioning it exactly; an indirect or passing reference.56
8642502801parallelismthe act of being parallel or corresponding in some way.57
8642502802indolentwanting to avoid activity or exertion; lazy.58
8642502803insipid.lacking flavor, vigor or interest.59
8642502804lamenta passionate expression or grief or sorrow.60
8642502805Sanctiona threatening penalty for disobeying a law or rule61
8642502806servilehaving or showing an excessive willingness to serve or please others.62
8642502807suppressedforcibly to an end to.63
8642502808Embellishmake (something) more attractive by the addition of decorative details or features.64
8642502809floridhaving a red or flushed complexion65
8642502810opulentostentatiously rich and luxurious or lavish66
8642502811ornatemade in an intricate shape or decorated with complex patterns.67
8642502812ostentatiouscharacterized by vulgar or pretentious display; designed to impress or attract notice.68
8642502813poignantevoking a keen sense or sadness or regret.69
8642502814Ebulliencethe quality of being cheerful and full of energy; exuberance.70
8642502815effusiveexpressing feelings of gratitude, pleasure, or approval in an unrestrained or heartfelt manner.71
8642502816egregiousoutstandingly bad; shocking.72
8642502817freneticfast and energetic in a rather wild and uncontrolled way.73
8642502818gratuitousuncalled for; lacking good reason; unwarranted74
8642502819flagrant(of something considered wrong or immoral) conspicuously or obviously offensive75
8642502820superfluousunnecessary, especially through being more than enough.76
8642502821convolutedextremely complex and difficult to follow (especially or a story, sentence, or argument).77
8642502822cryptichaving a meaning that is mysterious or obscure78
8642502823Obscureuncertain; not discovered or know about.79
8642502824futileincapable of producing any useful result; pointless.80
8642502825impededelay or prevent by obstructing them; hinder.81
8642502826quandarya state of perplexity or uncertainty over what what to do in a difficult situation.82
8642502827alleviatemake (suffering or a problem) less severe.83
8642502828asylumthe protection granted by a nation to someone who has left their native country as a political refugee. ( or it can be a mental hospital).84
8642502829auspiciousconductive to success; favorable.85
8642502830benevolentwell meaning and kindly86
8642502831benigngentle, kindly.87
8642502832Mollifyappease the anger or anxiety of (someone)88
8642502833reclamationreclaiming; reformation, recovery. (or it can be land obtained from water)89
8642502834SanctionApproval or permission for an action90
8642502835DubiousNot to be relied upon; suspect (hesitating or doubting)91
8642502836Fabricatedinvent or concoct (something), typically with deceitful intent92
8642502837Hypocrisythe practice of claiming to have moral standards or beliefs to which one's own behavior does not conform; pretense93
8642502838Slandermake false and damaging statements about (someone).94
8642502839spuriousnot being what it purports to be; false or fake95
8642502840Astutehaving or showing an ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one's advantage96
8642502841clandestineoperation is an intelligence or millitary operation carried out in such a way that the operation goes unnoticed by the general population97
8642502842disingenuousnot candid or sincere, typically by pretending that one knows less about something than one really does.98
8642502843rusean action intended to deceive someone; a trick99
8642502844stratagema plan or scheme, especially one used to outwit an opponent or achieve an end100
8642502845surreptitiouskept secret, especially because it would not be approved of.101
8642502846waryfeeling or showing caution about possible dangers or problems102
8642502847wilyskilled at gaining an advantage, especially deceitfully.103
8642502848inconsequentialnot important or significant104
8642502849superficialexisting or occurring at or on the surface. (appearing to be true or real only until examined more closely).105
8642502850tenuousvery weak or slight >( small in degree).106
8642502851trivialof little value or importance107
8642502852coupa sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government.108
8642502853Ambiguous(of language) open to more than one interpretation; having a double meaning.109
8642502854ambivalenthaving mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone.110
8642502855apatheticshowing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern.111
8642502856Arbitrarybased on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system.112
8642502857capriciousgiven to sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or behavior113
8642502858equivocateuse ambiguous language so as to conceal the truth or avoid committing oneself.114
8642502859indifferenthaving no particular interest or sympathy; unconcerned.115
8642502860whimsicalplayfully quaint or fanciful, especially in an appealing and amusing way116
8642502861assiduousshowing great care and perseverance117
8642502862compellingevoking interest, attention, or admiration in a powerfully irresistible way118
8642502863diligenthaving or showing care and conscientiousness in one's work or duties119
8642502864doggedhaving or showing tenacity and grim persistence.120
8642502865enduresuffer (something painful or difficult) patiently121
8642502866intrepidfearless; adventurous (often used for rhetorical or humorous effect)122
8642502867maverickan unorthodox or independent-minded person123
8642502868obduratestubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or course of action124
8642502869obstinatestubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or chosen course of action, despite attempts to persuade one to do so125
8642502870proliferateincrease rapidly in numbers; multiply126
8642502871tenacitythe quality or fact of being able to grip something firmly; grip.127
8642502872vitalitythe state of being strong and active; energy128
8642502873assimilationthe process by which a person or a group's language and/or culture come to resemble those of another group129
8642502874consensusgeneral agreement.130
8642502875contextthe set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation.131
8642502876derivedobtain something from (a specified source)132
8642502877incumbentnecessary for (someone) as a duty or responsibility.133
8642502878inevitablecertain to happen; unavoidable134
8642502879malleableeasily influenced; pliable135
8642502880subdueovercome, quieten, or bring under control (a feeling or person)136
8642502881Inoculatemedical : to give (a person or animal) a weakened form of a disease in order to prevent infection by the disease137
8642502882Lurid: causing shock or disgust : involving sex or violence in a way that is meant to be shocking : shining or glowing with a bright and unpleasant color138
8642502883Putrefyingto be slowly destroyed by natural processes : to rot and become putrid139
8642502884Somnolent1 : of a kind likely to induce sleep 2 a : inclined to or heavy with sleep : drowsy140
8642502885Dourserious and unfriendly : silent and gloomy141
8642502886Errantserious and unfriendly : silent and gloomy142
8642502887Bewildered1 : to cause to lose one's bearings 2 : to perplex or confuse especially by a complexity, variety, or multitude of objects or considerations143
8642502888Astroturfed—used for an artificial surface that resembles grass144
8642502889GeriatricAn old person y145
8642502890Tromped1 : tramp 1 2 : to step hard : stamp 146
8642502891Connoisseur: a person who knows a lot about something (such as art, wine, food, etc.) : an expert in a particular subject147
8642502892Attestingto show, prove, or state that something is true or real148
8642502893Soporific: causing a person to become tired and ready to fall asleep149

AP Language Set 3 Flashcards

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6599313681grudgingdone in an unwilling way: unwillingly0
6672563323hacka reporter, artist or writing whose work is not very good1
6672582120illicitcontrary to accepted morality or convention2
6672591436illusorynot real, based on illusion3
6672595549imbibeto drink, especially alcohol4
6672601320inexorablewithout end, interminable5
6672606599introspectionexamination of an attention to your own ideas, thoughts and feelings6
6672609716kowtowto show too much respect to someone in authority in order to please them (kiss ass)7
6672620982languidwithout energy; pleasant mental or physical tiredness or lack of activity (languished, languor)8
6672629654latentpotentially existing but not presently evident or realized9
6672636872magnanimitygreat generosity of spirit or money10
6672667273malevolentill will, maliciousness11
6672672156muttonmeat from a sheep12
6672676159orthodoxya belief or orientation agreeing with conventional standards13
6672683136parochialprovincial; country-like, or of a parish (church)14
6672689240pecuniaryrelating to money15
6672692159permeatepervade, penetrate, get into everything16
6672702034perniciousdeadly, harmful, pestilent17
6672706256piousgodly, reverent, holy18
6672708642plaitto braid; braid19

AP Language Vocabulary Unit 6 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
8212814091anomalousabnormal, irregular, departing from the usual0
8212816196aspersiona damaging or derogatory statement; the act of slandering or defaming1
8212818989bizarreextremely strange, unusual, atypical2
8212821466brusqueabrupt, blunt, with no formalities3
8212823298cajoleto coax, persuade through flattery or artifice; to deceive with soothing thoughts or false promises4
8212828217castigateto punish severely; to criticize severely5
8212833472contriveto plan with ingenuity; to bring about through a plan6
8212835495demagoguea leader who exploits popular prejudices and false claims and promises in order to gain power7
8212844329disabuseto free from deception or error, set right in ideas or thinking8
8212846660ennuiweariness and dissatisfaction from lack of occupation or interest, boredom9
8212850616fettera chain or shackle placed on the feet; anything that confines or restrains; to chain or shackle; to render helpless or impotent10
8212856065heinousvery wicked, offensive, hateful11
8212858241immutablenot subject to change, constant12
8212859840insurgentone who rebels or rises against authority; rising in revolt, refusing to accept authority; surging or rushing in or on13
8212889713megalomaniaa delusion marked by a feeling of power, wealth, talent, etch., far in excess of reality14
8212904688sinecurea position requiring little or no work; an easy job15
8212908165surreptitiousstealthy, secret, intended to escape observation; made or accomplished by fraud16
8212912839transgressto go beyond a limit or boundary; to sin, violate a law17
8212917110transmuteto change from one nature, substance, or form to another18
8212920199vicariousperformed, suffered, or otherwise experienced by one person in place of another19

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