| 4756336106 | Allusion | Unacknowledged reference and quote; author assumes reader will know original source and relate meaning | | 0 |
| 4756336107 | Example
Plan ahead: it wasn't raining when Noah built the ark-Richard Cushing | allusion | | 1 |
| 4756336108 | analogy | literal comparison between two items, situations, or ideas; items are somewhat alike, but unlike in most respects | | 2 |
| 4756336109 | Example
he that voluntarily continues ignorance is guilty of all crimes which ignorance produces, as to him that should extinguish the tapers of a lighthouse might justly be imputed the calamities of ship wrecks-Samuel Johnson | Analogy | | 3 |
| 4756336110 | Anaphora | repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of verbs, clauses or paragraphs | | 4 |
| 4756336111 | Example
they are masters here instructors without rod or ferule, without angry words, without clothes or money-Richard de Bury | Anaphora | | 5 |
| 4756336112 | Antithesis | figure of speech characterized by contrasting words, clauses, sentences or ideals ( Man proposes/god disposes - Thomas à Kempis); balances one terms against another for effectiveness | | 6 |
| 4756336113 | Example
he is no fool who gives what he cannot keep to gain that which he cannot lose-Jim Elliot | Antithesis | | 7 |
| 4756336114 | Apostrophe | figure of speech in which an absent or dead person is directly addressed | | 8 |
| 4756336115 | Example
William Wordsworth addresses John Milton as he writes," Milton, thou shouldst be living at this hour:/England hal be living at this hour:/England hath need of thee."-Richard de Bury | Apostrophe | | 9 |
| 4756336116 | Archetype | pre-logical mentality, reawakens blocked off memories of the past, of the evokes emotions in reader via images in unconscious memory, plays to illogical, strong response | | 10 |
| 4756336117 | Example
The hero (Beowulf), the mother figure (Madame Defarge from Tale of Two Cities), the scapegoat (Snowball from from Anjmall farm) | Archetype | | 11 |
| 4756336118 | Asydeton | condensed form of expression in which words, phrases or clauses are not joined by conjunction | | 12 |
| 4756336119 | Examples
Government of the people, by the people, for the people - Abraham Lincoln
on his return he received metals, honest, treasures, titles, fame. | Asyndeton | | 13 |
| 4756336120 | Balanced Sentence | presents similar or antithetical ideas in parallel form; elements of sentence or united or disunited to emphasize likeness or difference | | 14 |
| 4756336121 | Example
Dominic does not have enough time to play soccer, join the debate team and band | Unbalanced Sentence | | 15 |
| 4756336122 | Example
Dominic does not have enough time to play soccer, to join the debate team and to participate in band | balanced sentence | | 16 |
| 4756336123 | Chiasmus | rhetorical inversion of the second of two parallel structures | | 17 |
| 4756336124 | Examples
each throat was parched and glazed each eye- Coleridge
The land was ours before we were the land's-Robert Frost | chiasmus | | 18 |
| 4756336125 | Conceit | elaborate surprising figure of speech comparing two very dissimilar things; involves intellectual cleverness and ingenuity | | 19 |
| 4756336126 | Example
Richard Selzer's passage "The Knife" compares the preparation and actions of surgery to preparing for and conducting a religious service or a sacred ritual | conceit | | 20 |
| 4770595626 | Connotation | Association that a word calls to mind in addition to dictionary meaning | | 21 |
| 4770597916 | Example
I had rather be a dog, and bay the moon, than such a Roman.(Julius Caesar)-Shakespeare | Connotation | | 22 |
| 4770601841 | Denotation | specific, exact meaning of a word, independent of its emotional coloration or association | | 23 |
| 4770603929 | Diction | use of word in oral or written discourse, accurate, careful use of words | | 24 |
| 4770611346 | "Example" of diction | for the AP exam, you should be able to describe an author's diction-formal or informal, ornate or plain-and understand the ways in which diction can complement the author's purpose | | 25 |
| 4770612396 | Didactic | literature designed to teach a moral lesson; literary purpose appears to be guidance, particularly moral, ethical or religious | | 26 |
| 4770618065 | Example:"He who binds to himself a joy, Does the winged life destroy..."(Eternity)-William Blake | Didactic | | 27 |
| 4770618389 | Ellipsis | omission of a word or phrase necessary for a complete syntactical construction, but not necessary for understanding | | 28 |
| 4770621170 | Example:"The whole day, rain, torrents of rain."-Nikos Kazantzakis | Ellipsis | | 29 |
| 4770622068 | Emotional Appeal | statements used to appeal to emotions | | 30 |
| 4770625051 | Example:"If his years as a Marine taught him anything, it's that caution is the best policy in this sort of situation | Ethical Appeal | | 31 |
| 4770627685 | Example:"Bear with me; My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar"-Shakespeare | Emotional appeal | | 32 |
| 4770628389 | Epistrophe | deliberately using the same techniques at the closing words of the final sentence | | 33 |
| 4770632746 | Example:"Who is here so base that would be a bondman? If any, speak; for him have I offended. Who is here that would not be a Roman? If any, speak; for him have I offended. Who is here so vile that will not love his country? If any, speak; For him have I offended..."-Shakespeare | Epistrophe | | 34 |
| 4770659445 | Ethical appeal | statements made to appeal to reader's sense of right and wrong | | 35 |
| 4770661703 | figurative language | intentional departure from the normal order, construction, or meaning of words in order to gain strength and freshness of expression, to create a pictoral effect. | | 36 |
| 4770666008 | Example:"slowly, like a terrier who doesn't want to bring a bail to its master, Lennie approached, drew back, aproached again."-John Steinbeck | Figurative Language | | 37 |
| 4770669330 | Foreshadowing | arrangement and presentation of the events and information in fiction or drama to prepare the reader for later events | | 38 |
| 4770671502 | Example:"Life were better ended by their hate, than death prorogued, wanting of thy love."-Shakespeare | Foreshadowing | | 39 |
| 4799397037 | Form Follow Content | The connection between the form of the sentences and its contents | | 40 |
| 4799398085 | Example:
poetry,loose and periodic sentences | form follow content | | 41 |
| 4799398823 | generalization | to deal in generalities; to speak or write vaguely | | 42 |
| 4799399613 | Example:
Every salesman lies to make money on a sale | generalization | | 43 |
| 4799399792 | Hubris | overweening pride, resulting in the misfortunate of the protagonist of a tragedy; a form of the tragic flaw which results from excessive pride, ambition, and overconfidence | | 44 |
| 4799405900 | Example:
Odysseus in The Odyssey; King Oedipus in Oedipus Rex | Hubris | | 45 |
| 4799410004 | Humor | writing whose purpose is the evoking of laughter; a character's disposition which readily perceives the ridiculous, ludicrous and the comical | | 46 |
| 4799412865 | Example:
"I will not trust you, I, nor longer stay in your crust company. Your hands than mine are quicker for a fray. My legs are longer though, to run away." | Humor | | 47 |
| 4799413221 | Hyperbole | conscious exaggeration without intent of literal persuasion | | 48 |
| 4799414502 | Example:
"I had to wait in the station for ten days-an eternity."-Joseph Conrad | Hyperbole | | 49 |
| 4799414621 | Imagery | qualities of a work that show concreteness and appeal to sensuous experience of memory | | 50 |
| 4799419667 | Example:
"It was a rimy morning, and very damp. I had seen the damp lying on the outside of my little window...Now, I saw the damp lying on the bare hedges and spare grass..."-Charles Dickens | Imagery | | 51 |
| 4799419903 | Inversion | The placing of a sentence element out of its normal position either to gain emphasis or to secure a so-called poetic effect; too frequent use results in artificiality | | 52 |
| 4799426108 | Example:
"Her mother is the lady of the house, and a good lady, and wise and virtuous. I nursed her daughter that you talked withal. I tell you, he that can lay hold of her, shall have the chinks."-Shakespeare | Inversion | | 53 |
| 4799426616 | Irony | recognition of a reality different from the masking appearance. | | 54 |
| 4799428431 | Example:
Words expressed actually carry opposite meaning | Verbal Irony | | 55 |
| 4799434034 | Example:
In literature, when fate or the gods step in to lead a human being into an unexpected turn of events | Cosmic Irony | | 56 |
| 4799434803 | Example:
characters use words that mean one thing, but have a foreboding meaning to those who understand the situation | Dramatic Irony | | 57 |
| 4799436299 | Example:
Expected outcome turns out to be the opposite of expectations | Situational irony | | 58 |
| 4799436493 | Litotes | a figure of speech which employs an understatement by using double negatives or, in other words, positive statement is expressed by negating its opposite expressions | | 59 |
| 4799438923 | Example:
You won't be sorry I'm not as young as I used to be | Litotes | | 60 |
| 4799439174 | Logic | Principles of reasoning; valid reasoning | | 61 |
| 4799440275 | Example:
Syllogisms-Jim is a human. All humans have brains. Therefore, Jim has a brain. | Logic | | 62 |
| 4840988173 | Loose Sentence | sentence is grammatically complete at some point before the end, complex sentence consisting of independent clause followed by a dependent clause | | 63 |
| 4841001039 | Example:
I spotted a flock of geese flying overhead, honking and making their way to the lake | Loose sentence | | 64 |
| 4841002796 | Metaphor | an implied analogy which identifies one object with another, and gives the qualities of the second object to the first object; or invests emotional or imaginative qualities associated with one object to another | | 65 |
| 4841024896 | Example:
Who looks upon a river in a meditative hour and is not reminded of the flux of all things?-Ralph Waldo Emerson | Metaphor | | 66 |
| 4841028421 | metonymy | figure of speech characterized by the substitution of a term naming an object closely associated with the word in mind for the word itself | | 67 |
| 4841038095 | Example:
the king as the "crown" | metonymy | | 68 |
| 4841039325 | narrative | an account of an actual or fictional event or sequence of events; anything narrated | | 69 |
| 4841060019 | objectivity | quality in a literary work of impersonality, or freedom from the expression of personal sentiments, attitudes, or emotions by the author | | 70 |
| 4841069577 | onomatopoeia | the use of words, which by their pronunciation suggests their meaning | | 71 |
| 4841085243 | Example:
The moan of doves in immemorial elms, and murmuring of innumerable bees-Lord Alfred Tennyson | onomatopoeia | | 72 |
| 4841086370 | oxymoron | two contradictory terms | | 73 |
| 4841090647 | example:
cheerful pessimist, wise fool | oxymoron | | 74 |
| 4841091711 | paradox | a statement which while seemingly or absurd may be actually well-founded or true; used to attract attention | | 75 |
| 4841100510 | example:
men work together whether they work together or apart- Robert Frost | Paradox | | 76 |
| 4841101721 | parallelism | structural arrangements of parts of a sentence, sentences, paragraphs, and larger units of composition by which one element of equal importance with another is similarly developed and phrased; coordinated presentation of ideas expressed | | 77 |
| 4841124719 | example:
for the end of a theoretical science is truth, but the end of a practical science is performance-Aristotle | parallelism | | 78 |
| 4841125579 | Parody | composition imitating another, usually serious; designed to ridicule in a nonsensical fashion, or to criticize by brilliant treatment the original work | | 79 |
| 4841141200 | Example:
Saturday Night Live, Ben Johnson's "Every Man in his Humour" | parody | | 80 |
| 4937001471 | Pathos | suffering or deep feeling; quality in literature which stimulates pity, tenderness, or sorrow in the reader | | 81 |
| 4937007128 | Example:
"...But a caged bird stands on the grave of dreams his shadow shouts on a nightmare scream
his wings are clipped and his feet are tied
so he opens his throat to sing."
-Maya Angelou | Pathos | | 82 |
| 4937007640 | Periodic Sentence | Sentence not grammatically complete before the end; constructed in a manner to throw mind forward to the idea which will complete the meaning | | 83 |
| 4937014858 | Example:
"Out of the bosom of the Air,
Out of the cloud-folds of her garment shaken, over the woodlands brown and bare, over the harvest-fields forsaken, silent and soft, and slow, descends the snow."
-Henry Wadsworth Longfellow in Snowflakes | Periodic Sentence | | 84 |
| 4937015408 | Polysyndeton | Sentences, clauses, phrases, or words in coordinate conjunctions | | 85 |
| 4937019659 | Example:
"Mrs.Hurst and her sister allowed it to be so-but still they admired her and liked her, and pronounced her to be a sweet girl, and one whom they would not object to know more of."
-Jane Austen | Polysyndeton | | 86 |
| 4937020212 | Pun | Play on words based on the similarity of the sound between two words different meanings | | 87 |
| 4937026323 | Example:
"They seemed to think the opportunity lost, if they failed to point the conversation to me, every now and then, and stick the point into me."
-Charles Dickens | Pun | | 88 |
| 4937026541 | Refutation | Prove false or erroneous; overthrown by argument, proof, to deny accuracy of truth | | 89 |
| 4937028761 | Repetition | Rhetorical device repeating a word or phrase, or rewording the same idea to secure emphasis | | 90 |
| 4937031136 | Rhetoric | The art of persuasion; combines the principles of presentation of facts and ideas with persuasive, attractive language | | 91 |
| 4937032732 | Sarcasm | Verbal irony in which, under the guise of praise, a caustic and bitter expression of strong and personal disapproval is given; person, jeering, intended to hurt, and is intended as a sneering taunt | | 92 |
| 4937036375 | Satire | A literary manner which blends a critical attitude with humor and wit for the purpose of improving human institutions or conditions of humanity; attempt to ridicule institutions for the purpose of inspiring remodeling | | 93 |
| 4937040655 | Example:
"A modest Proposal" by Jonathan Swift | Satire | | 94 |
| 4937041123 | Sentimentality | Term used to the study of literature;(1)an overindulgence in emotion, especially the conscious effort to induce emotion in order to enjoy and analyze it; the failure to restrain or evaluate emotion through the exercise of good judgement;(2) an optimistic overemphasis of the goodness of humanity, sensibility | | 95 |
