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AP Language and Composition Terminology Flashcards

6955338599	Alliteration	The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables.	0
6955339063	Allusion	An indirect reference, often to another text or an historic event.	1
6955342515	Analogy	An extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things.	2
6955343214	Anaphora	The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses.	3
6955343736	Anecdote	A short account of an interesting event.	4
6955345046	Annotation	Explanatory or critical notes added to a text.	5
6955346152	Antecedent	The noun to which a later pronoun refers.	6
6955346775	Antimetabole	The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast.	7
6955348696	Antithesis	Parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas.	8
6955349251	Aphorism	A short, astute statement of a general truth.	9
6955354358	Appositive	A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun.	10
6955354847	Archaic diction	The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language.	11
6955355485	Argument	A statement put forth and supported by evidence.	12
6955356211	Aristotelian triangle	A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see rhetorical triangle).	13
6955356665	Assertion	An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument.	14
6955357508	Assumption	A belief or statement taken for granted without proof.	15
6955358410	Asyndeton	Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses.	16
6955359360	Attitude	The speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone.	17
6955360025	Audience	One's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed.	18
6955398707	Authority	A reliable, respected source—someone with knowledge.	19
6955428750	Bias	Prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue.	20
6955429450	Cite	Identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source.	21
6955430999	Claim	An assertion, usually supported by evidence.	22
6955434416	Close reading	A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text.	23
6955434854	Colloquial/ism	An informal or conversational use of language.	24
6955431996	Context	Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning.	25
6955434417	Common ground	Shared beliefs, values, or positions.	26
6955433433	Concession	A reluctant acknowledgment or yielding.	27
6955432742	Connotation	That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning (see denotation).	28
6955433825	Complex sentence	A sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.	29
6956933680	Coordination	Grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as "and", or "but."	30
6956933681	Counterargument	A challenge to a position; an opposing argument.	31
6956934639	Declarative sentence	A sentence that makes a statement.	32
6956935308	Deduction	Reasoning from general to specific.	33
6959850612	Denotation	The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition.	34
6959851358	Diction	Word choice.	35
6959850613	Documentation	Bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing.	36
6959850614	Elegiac	Mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone.	37
6959863943	Epigram	A brief, witty statement.	38
6959867720	Ethos	A Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see logos and pathos).	39
6959859429	Figurative language:	The use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect.	40
6959856449	Figure of speech	An expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning.	41
6959855518	Hyperbole	Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis.	42
6959875515	Imagery	Vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing).	43
6959877405	Imperative sentence	A sentence that requests or commands.	44
6959875516	Inversion	A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject.	45
6959876570	Induction	Reasoning from specific to general.	46
6959882532	Irony	A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result.	47
6959894020	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things side by side for emphasis.	48
6959892284	Metaphor	A figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison.	49
6959893357	Logos	A Greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and pathos).	50
6959901542	Metonymy	Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole.	51
6959901543	Oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms.	52
6959901544	Paradox	A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true.	53
6959901545	Parallelism	The repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns.	54
6959906005	Parody	A piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule.	55
6959923829	Pathos	A Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and logos).	56
6959923816	Persona	The speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing.	57
6959923817	Personification	Assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects.	58
6959928039	Polemic	An argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion.	59
6959931019	Polysyndeton:	The deliberate use of a series of conjunctions.	60
6959931020	Premise (major, minor)	two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise. Major premise: All mammals are warm-blooded. Minor premise: All horses are mammals. Conclusion: All horses are warm-blooded (see syllogism).	61
6959928040	Propaganda	A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information.	62
6959946979	Purpose	One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing.	63
6959962077	Refute	To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument.	64
6959961356	Rhetoric	The art of speaking or writing effectively.	65
6959961357	Rhetorical modes	Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation.	66
6959967013	Rhetorical question	A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer.	67
6959967913	Rhetorical triangle	A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see Aristotelian triangle).	68
6959967014	Satire	An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it.	69
6959967015	Sentence patterns	The arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions—such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex.	70
6959973495	Sentence variety	Using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect.	71
6959975213	Simile	A figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things.	72
6959974632	Simple sentence	A statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause.	73
6959973496	Source	A book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information.	74
6960156826	Speaker	A term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing.	75
6960159689	Straw man	A logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position.	76
6960156827	Subject	In rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing.	77
6960158070	Style	The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech.	78
6960163871	Subordinate clause	A clause that modifies an independent clause, created by a subordinating conjunction.	79
6960164970	Subordination	The dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence.	80
6960164971	Syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise (see premise; major, and minor).	81
6960163872	Syntax	Sentence structure.	82
6960168012	Synthesize	Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex.	83
6960175613	Thesis	The central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer.	84
6960176291	Thesis statement	A statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit.	85
6960176292	Tone	The speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience.	86
6960184101	Topic sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	87
6960184886	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech.	88
6960184887	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	89
6960184102	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	90
6960184103	Zeugma	A construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or governs—often in different, sometimes incongruent ways—two or more words in a sentence.	91

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AP Language Tone Words Flashcards

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8525573905	Abhorrent	Hateful	0
8525580596	Acrimonious	Stinging, bitter in temper or tone	1
8525583891	Allusive	working by suggestion rather than explicit mention	2
8525590639	Angst-ridden	Seriously affected by a feeling of dread or anxiety	3
8525594296	Antipathy	Strong dislike	4
8525598258	Audacious	Bold, adventurous, recklessly daring	5
8525600739	Aversive	Irritating or unpleasant	6
8525614317	Benevolent	Kindly; favorable towards	7
8525627731	Brusque	(adj.) abrupt, blunt, with no formalities	8
8525629955	Burlesque	Involving ludicrous or mocking treatment of a solemn subject	9
8525633860	Bewildered	Perplexed by many conflicting situations or statements	10
8525639845	Caustic	Severely critical or sarcastic	11
8525642710	Choleric	(adj.) easily made angry, bad-tempered	12
8525652574	Colloquial	Informal language	13
8525662103	Conciliatory	Appeasing; soothing; showing willingness to reconcile	14
8525666327	Contemptuous	Haughty; scornful	15
8525668934	Credulous	gullible; ready to believe anything	16
8525678798	Callous	Emotionally hardened; insensitive; unfeeling	17
8525681144	Contrite	Extremely apologetic, remorseful, repentant	18
8525683082	Derisive	Expressing ridicule	19
8525685838	Didactic	intended to teach, particularly in having moral instruction as an ulterior motive	20
8525688145	Diffident	lacking self-confidence	21
8525692053	Disconsolate	Hopelessly sad	22
8525696381	Dismal	miserable, dreary	23
8525706407	earnest	marked by deep sincerity and serious intent	24
8525711261	effusive	emotionally unrestrained; gushy	25
8525738742	elegiac	expressing sorrow often for something past	26
8638064016	erudite	scholarly, learned, bookish, pedantic	27
8638069642	euphonious	pleasing in sound	28
8638074004	exhortative	intending to give urgent advice, recommendations, or warnings	29
8638309890	facetious	(adj.) humorous, not meant seriously	30
8638403824	fatuous	silly, foolish	31
8638416276	fervent	characterized by intense emotion	32
8638424484	flippant	(adj.) lacking in seriousness; disrespectful, saucy	33
8638432609	funereal	solemn as befitting a funeral	34
8638440178	grave	serious; dignified; formal	35
8638442672	grim	gloomy, harsh, and frightening	36
8638447911	haughty	arrogant, condescending	37
8638452118	hostile	unfriendly; unfavorable; warlike, aggressive	38
8638456573	idyllic	charming in a rustic way; naturally peaceful	39
8638460083	imperious	arrogantly domineering or overbearing	40
8638462765	inane	(adj.) silly, empty of meaning or value	41
8638483311	incisive	sharp; keen; cutting straight to the heart of the matter	42
8638491877	incredulous	(adj.) disbelieving, skeptical	43
8638498408	indignant	feeling or showing anger or annoyance at what is perceived as unfair treatment	44
8638502892	insipid	lacking flavor; dull; not at all stimulating	45
8638517921	insolent	boldly rude or disrespectful	46
8638530683	irascible	irritable, easily angered, cranky, cross	47
8638549478	intimate	marked by close acquaintance	48
8638563015	jingoistic	overly patriotic	49
8638570863	jocund	cheerful and lighthearted	50
8638577439	laudatory	containing or expressing praise	51
8638599592	lugubrious	excessively mournful	52
8638603359	lyrical	Songlike; characterized by emotions, subjectivity, and imagination.	53
8638607661	macabre	(adj.) grisly, gruesome; horrible, distressing; having death as a subject	54
8638611602	maudlin	overly emotional	55
8638614672	morose	(adj.) having a gloomy or sullen manner; not friendly or sociable	56
8638620895	nostalgic	wishing for a return to the way things used to be; longing for the past; homesick	57
8638628614	narcissistic	conceited; having excessive self-love or admiration	58
8638633116	obsequious	overly submissive and eager to please	59
8638637104	pedantic	marked by a narrow focus on or display of learning especially its trivial aspects	60
8638641950	pensive	engaged in, involving, or reflecting deep or serious thought	61
8638647219	petulant	(adj.) peevish, annoyed by trifles, easily irritated and upset	62
8638651619	pithy	(adj.) short but full of meaning and point	63
8638658414	patronizing	treating with condescension; acting superior	64
8638661651	pretentious	pretending to be important, intelligent or cultured	65
8638667903	qualmish	adj. slightly ill	66
8638671505	rancorous	showing deep-seated resentment	67
8638676792	repugnant	(adj.) offensive, disagreeable, distasteful	68
8638684100	reticent	not revealing one's thoughts or feelings readily	69
8638687247	ribald	(adj.) irreverently mocking; coarse, vulgar, or indecent in language	70
8638691860	sanguine	cheerful; optimistic	71
8638694558	sardonic	cynical; scornfully mocking	72
8638701049	saturnine	gloomy; sluggish	73
8638704019	scathing	harshly critical	74
8638707935	sullen	(adj) silent or brooding because of ill humor, anger, or resentment; slow moving, sluggish.	75
8638713388	servile	submissive or fawning in attitude or behavior	76
8638719148	simpering	wearing a childish grin	77
8638722464	taunting	sarcastically challenging or insulting	78
8638726019	terse	brief and to the point	79
8638730795	timorous	timid, fearful	80
8638735299	trepidation	fear, apprehension	81
8638742720	vehement	forceful; furious	82
8638745652	vexed	troubled persistently especially with petty annoyances	83
8638751153	vitriolic	bitter, sarcastic	84
8638756422	vivacious	lively, sprightly, full of energy	85
8638760564	vituperative	using or containing harsh, abusive censure	86
8638765562	venerating	regard with great respect	87
8638769686	wistful	vaguely longing, sadly thoughtful	88
8638774452	zealous	fervent; fanatical	89

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AP LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION TERMS Flashcards

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4898557551	Ad hominem	1. Appealing to prejudice and emotion rather than to reason. 2. Attacking the character, motives, etc. of an opponent rather than debating the issue on logical grounds.	0
4898557552	Allegory	1. A story in which people, things, and happenings have a hidden or symbolic meaning:used for teaching or explaining ideas, moral principles, etc. 2. The presenting of ideas by means of such stories. 3. Any symbol or emblem.	1
4898557553	Alliteration	The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words (as in "she sells sea shells"). Although the term is not used in the multiple-choice section, you can look for alliteration in any essay passage. The repetition can reinforce meaning, unify ideas, and/or supply a musical sound.	2
4898557554	Allusion	A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work or art. Can be historical, (like referring to Hitler), literary (like referring to Kurtz in Heart of Darkness), religious (like referring to Noah and the flood), or mythical (like referring to Atlas). There are, of course, many more possibilities, and a work may simultaneously use multiple layers of allusion.	3
4898557555	Ambiguity	The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage.	4
4898557556	Analogy	A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. Can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with or pointing out its similarity to something morefamiliar. also make writing more vivid, imaginative, or intellectually engaging.	5
4898557557	Antecedent	the word, phrase or clause referred to by a pronoun. The AP language exam occasionally asks for the ____ of a pronoun in a long, complex sentence or in a group of sentences.	6
4898557558	Antithesis	An opposition or contrast of ideas that is often expressed in balanced phrases or clauses. .	7
4898557559	Aphorism	a terse statement of known authorship, which expresses a general truth or moral principle (If the authorship is unknown, the statement is generally considered to be a folk proverb.) Can be a memorable summation of the author's point.	8
4898557560	Apostrophe	A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. The effect may add familiarity or emotional intensity. William Wordsworth addresses John Milton as he writes, "Milton, thou shouldn't be living at this hour: England hath need of thee."	9
4898557561	Apotheosis	Derived from the Greek word meaning to deify. Occurs in literature when a character or a thing is elevated to such a high status that it appears godlike.	10
4898557562	Appositive	word or phrase that follows a noun or pronoun for emphasis or clarity. usually set off by commas.	11
4898557563	Assonance	is a type of internal rhyming in which vowel sounds are repeated.	12
4898557564	Asyndeton	occurs when the conjunctions (such as and or but) that would normally connect a string of words, phrases, or clauses are omitted from a sentence.	13
4898557565	Atmosphere	The emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described. Even such elements as a description of the weather can contribute to the _____.Frequently, _____foreshadows events.	14
4898557566	Attitude	The feeling of a particular speaker or a piece of writing toward a subject, person, or idea. This expression is used as a synonym for tone.	15
4898557567	Bathos	is false or forced emotion that is often humorous. Whereas pathos draws upon deep emotion, _____ takes this emotion to such an extreme that the reader finds it humorous rather than touching.	16
4898557568	Clause	A grammatical unit that contains a subject and a verb. An independent comma or main comma _____that expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent comma or subordinate comma ____ cannot stand alone as a sentence and must be accompanied by an independent ____	17
4898557569	Connotation	The non-literal, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning. may involve ideas, emotions, or attitudes.	18
4898557570	Contrast	Writers often use this or oppositions, to elaborate ideas.It help writers expand on their ideas by allowing them to show both what a thing is, and what it is not.	19
4898557571	Denotation	The strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude or color.	20
4898557572	Diction	Related to style, ____ refers to the writer's word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness.	21
4898557573	Didactic	From the Greek, ___ literally means "teaching." _____ words have the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially the teaching of moral or ethical principles.	22
4898557574	Elegiac	An ___ is work (of music, literature, dance, or art) that expresses sorrow. It mourns the loss of something, such as the death of a loved one.	23
4898557575	Ethos	Characteristic spirit or ideal that informs a work. refers more generally to ethics, or values. In rhetorical writing, authors often attempt to persuade readers by appealing to their sense of ___, or ethical principles.	24
4898557576	Euphemism	From the Greek for "good speech," ____ are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts. The ___ may be used to adhere to standards of social or political correctness, or to add humor or ironic understatement.	25
4898557577	Extended Metaphor	A type of metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work	26
4898557578	Exposition	Refers to writing or speech that is organized to explain.	27
4898557579	Fiction	Comes from the Latin word meaning to invent, to form, to imagine. Works of ____ can be based on actual occurrences, but their status as ____ means that something has been imagined or invented in the telling of the occurrence.	28
4898557580	Figurative Language	Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid.	29
4898557581	Figure of Speech	A device used to produce figurative language. Many compare dissimilar things. Include, for example, apostrophe, hyperbole, irony, metaphor, metonymy, oxymoron, paradox, personification, simile, synecdoche, and understatement.	30
4898557582	Foreshadowing	A purposeful hint placed in a work of literature to suggest what may occur later in the narrative. For instance, a seemingly unrelated scene in a mystery story that focuses on a special interest of the detective may actually foreshadow the detective's use of that expertise in solving the mystery.	31
4898557583	Genre	The major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama. However, ___ is a flexible term; within these broad boundaries exist many subdivisions that are often called ____themselves.	32
4898557584	Grammar	a set of rules that specify how a given language is used effectively.	33
4898557585	Hyperbole	A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement.	34
4898557586	Imagery	The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions.	35
4898557587	Irony/ironic	The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant; the difference between what appears to be and what actually is true. In general, there are three major types of __used in language In verbal __, the words literally state the opposite of the writer's (or speaker's) true meaning. In situational _, events turn out the opposite of what was expected. What the characters and readers think ought to happen is not what does happen. In dramatic _, the facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work. __ is used for many reasons, but frequently, it's used to create poignancy and humor.	36
4898557588	Juxtaposition	When two contrasting things—ideas, words, or sentence elements—are placed next to each other for comparison, ___ occurs.	37
4898557589	Logos	Refers to the use of reason as a controlling principle in an argument. In rhetorical writing, authors often attempt to persuade, readers by appealing to their sense of reason	38
4898557590	Metaphor	a figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity.	39
4898557591	Metonymy	A term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name," is a figure of speech, which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it.	40
4898557592	Mood	The first meaning is grammatical and deals with verbal units and a speaker's attitude. The indicative ___ is used only for factual sentences. The second meaning of __is literary, meaning the prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work.	41
4898557593	Onomatopoeia	A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words.	42
4898557594	Overview	is a brief summary of a whole work.	43
4898557595	Oxymoron	From the Greek for "pointedly foolish," a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest paradox.	44
4898557596	Pacing	A speed of a story's action, dialogue, or narration. Some stories are told slowly, some more quickly. Events happen fast or they are dragged out.	45
4898557597	Paradox	A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense, but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity.	46
4898557598	Parallelism	this term comes from Greek roots meaning "beside one another." It refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity. This can involve, but is not limited to, repetition of a grammatical element such as a preposition or verbal phrase.	47
4898557599	Parody	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.	48
4898557600	Pathos	is a sympathetic feeling of pity or compassion evoked by an artistic work.	49
4898557601	Person	A grammatical tern that describes the relationship of a writer or speaker to an audience by examining the pronouns that are used.	50
4898557602	Persona	Character created by the voice and narration of the speaker of a text.	51
4898557603	Personification	A figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions.	52
4898557604	Point of View	In literature, the perspective from which a story is told. The first-person narrator tells the story with the first-person pronoun, "I," and is a character in the story. This narrator can be the protagonist (the hero or heroine), a participant (a character in a secondary role), or an observer (a character who merely watches the action).	53
4898557605	Pun	is a play on word's.is crated by using a word that has two different meanings, or using two different words with similar meanings, for a playful effect.	54
4898557606	Repetition	The duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern.	55
4898557607	Rhetoric	From the Greek for "orator," this term describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively.	56
4898557608	Rhetorical or stylistic devices	are the specific language tools that an author uses to carry out a rhetorical strategy, and thus achieve a purpose for writing.	57
4898557609	Rhetoric modes	this flexible term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing. The four most common are and their purposes are as follows: The purpose of exposition is to explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion. The AP language exam essay questions are frequently set up as expository topics.The purpose of argumentation is to prove the validity of and idea, or point of view, by presenting sound reasoning, discussion, and argument that thoroughly convince the reader. Persuasive writing is a type of argumentation having the additional aim of urging some form of action.The purpose of description is to re-create, invent or visually present a person, place, event, or action so that the reader can picture that being described. Sometimes an author engages all five senses in description; good descriptive writing can be sensuous and picturesque. Descriptive may be straightforward and objective of highly emotional and subjective. The purpose of narration is to tell a story or narrate an event or series of events. This writing mode frequently uses the tools of descriptive writing.	58
4898557610	Rhetorical Question	A question that is asked merely for effect and does not expect a reply. The answer is assumed.	59
4898557611	Rhetorical strategy	strategy describes the way an author organizes words, sentences, and overall argument in order to achieve a discussion of how this term fits into a broader picture of rhetoric.	60
4898557612	Satire	A work that targets human vices and follies, or social institutions and conventions, for reform or ridicule. Regardless of whether or not the work aims to reform humans or their society, is best seen as a style of writing rather than a purpose for writing.	61
4898557613	Selection of Detail	The specific words, incidents, images, or events the author uses to create a scene or narrative.	62
4898557614	Simile	an explicit comparison, normally using like, as, or if.	63
4898557615	Speaker	The narrator of the story, poem, or drama. A fictional persona.	64
4898557616	Style	two purposes: 1. An evaluation of the sum of the choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices. We can analyze and describe an author's personal __and make judgments on how appropriate it is to the author's purpose. Can be called flowery, explicit, succinct, rambling, bombastic, commonplace, incisive, or laconic, to name only a few examples. 2. Classification of authors to a group and comparison of an author to similar authors.	65
4898557617	Strategy	A plan of action, or movement to achieve a goal. In rhetoric or writing, describes the way an author organizes words, sentences, and overall argument in order to achieve a particular purpose.	66
4898557618	Syllogism	From the Greek for "reckoning together," is a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises-the first one called "major" and the second "minor"- that inevitable lead to a sound conclusion. A conclusion is valid only if each of the two premises is valid. may also present the specific idea first and the general idea second.	67
4898557619	Symbol	Generally, anything that represents or stands for something else. Usually, is something concrete- such as an object, action, character, or scene- that represents something more abstract. Three categories: Natural use objects and occurrences from nature to represent ideas commonly associated with them Conventional are those that have been invested with meaning by a group. Literary are sometimes also conventional in the sense that they are found in a variety of works and are generally recognized.	68
4898557620	Synonym	A word that has the same, or nearly the same meaning as another word.	69
4898557621	Syntax	The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences. The writer may use questions, declarations, exclamations, or rhetorical questions; sentences are also classified as periodic or loose, simple, compound, or complex sentences. First try to classify what kind of sentences the author uses, and then try to determine how the author's choices amplify meaning, in other words why they work well for the author's purpose.	70
4898557622	Tension	is a work of literature, is a feeling of excitement and expectation the reader or the audience feels because of conflict, mood, or atmosphere.	71
4898557623	Texture	Describes the way the elements of a work of prose or poetry are joined together. It suggests an association with the style of the author—whether, for instance, the author's prose is roughhewn (elements at odds with one another)	72
4898557624	Theme	The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life	73
4898557625	Tone	describes the author's attitude toward his or her material, the audience, or both.	74
4898557626	Understatement	The ironic minimalizing of fact, presents something as less significant than it is. The effect can frequently be humorous and emphatic.	75
4898557627	Voice	How the speaker of literary work presents him or herself to the reader determines that speaker's unique ___.	76
4898557628	Zeugma	refers to a particular breech of sense in a sentence. It occurs when a word is used with two adjacent words in the same construction, but only makes literal sense with one of them.	77
4898557629	Thesis	1. a proposition maintained or defended in argument. 2. An unproved statement assumed as a premise.	78
5454618060	Anaphora	Repetition of a word, phrase or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row.	79
5454625992	Polysendeton	the use of several conjunctions in close succession, esp where some might be omitted, as in he ran and jumped and laughed for joy	80
5454672047	Epistrophe	The repetition of the same word or group of words at the ends of successive clauses; it sets up a pronounced rhythm and gains a special emphasis both by repeating the word and by putting the words in the final position.	81
5454659702	Chiasmus	a rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form; e.g. 'Poetry is the record of the best and happiest moments of the happiest and best minds.'	82

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AP Language Vocab 8 Flashcards

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5689775860	duplicity	acting in bad faith	0
5689785814	duress	compulsory force or threat	1
5689799685	eclectic	selecting what seems best of various styles or ideas	2
5689812305	edict	a formal or authoritative proclamation	3
5689817941	ebullient	joyously unrestrained	4
5689824741	egregious	conspicuously and outrageously bad or reprehensible	5
5689832173	elegy	a mournful poem; a lament for the dead	6
5689837191	elicit	call forth, as an emotion, feeling, or response	7
5689843253	embezzlement	the fraudulent appropriation of funds or property	8
5689847545	emend	make corrections to	9
5689852223	emollient	a substance with a soothing effect when applied to the skin	10
5689857692	empirical	derived from experiment and observation rather than theory	11
5689861959	emulate	strive to equal or match, especially by imitating	12
5689866662	enervate	weaken mentally or morally	13
5689871292	enfranchise	grant freedom to, as from slavery or servitude	14

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AP Language Unit 3 Flashcards

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7931155140	Cavort	(v.) to romp or prance around exuberantly; to make merry	0
7931167515	Credence	(n.) belief, mental acceptance	1
7931175700	Decry	(v.) to condemn, express strong disapproval; to officially depreciate	2
7931314328	Dissemble	(v.) to disguise or conceal, deliberately give a false impression	3
7931325831	Distraught	(adj.) very much agitates or upset as a result of emotion or mental conflict	4
7931331368	Eulogy	(n.) a formal statement of commendation; high praise	5
7931335969	Evince	(v.) to display clearly, to make evident, to provoke	6
7931340803	Exhume	(v.) to remove from a grave; to bring to light	7
7931348022	Feckless	(adj.) lacking in spirit and strength; ineffective, weak; irresponsible, unreliable	8
7931355013	Murky	(adj.) dark and gloomy, obscure; lacking in clarity and precision	9
7931360671	Nefarious	(adj.) wicked, depraved, devoid of moral standards	10
7931365155	Piquant	(adj.) stimulating to the taste or mind; spicy, pungent; appealingly provocative	11
7931369721	Primordial	(adj.) developed or created at the very beginning; going back to the most ancient times or earliest stage; fundamental, basic	12
7931375514	Propinquity	(n.) nearness in place or time; kinship	13
7931382888	Substantive	(adj.) real, having a solid basis; considerable in number or amount; meaningful and on topic	14
7931389918	Unwonted	(adj.) not usual or expected; not in character	15
7931394872	Utopian	(adj.) founded upon or involving a visionary view of an ideal world; impractical	16
7931403705	Verbiage	(n.) language that is too wordy or inflated in proportion to the sense or content, wordiness; a manner of expression	17
7931408435	Verdant	(adj.) green in tint or color; immature in experience or judgment	18
7931413595	Viscous	(adj.) having a gelatinous or gluey quality, lacking in easy movement or fluidity	19