| CourseNotes

AP World History Period 1 Flashcards

6299353960	Ziggurat	A Mesopotamian stepped pyramid. Unlike an Egyptian pyramid, this was a solid structure of baked brick, an artificial hill at the summit of which stood a temple.	0
6299353961	Zhou Dynasty	Period of Chinese history from 1122 to 256 B.C.E.	1
6299353962	Xia Dynasty	A legendary series of monarchs of early China, traditionally dated to 2200-1766 B.C.E.	2
6299353964	Teotihuacán	The largest city of ancient Mesoamerica; flourished around 500 C.E.	3
6299353965	Son of Heaven	Title of the ruler of China, first known from the Zhou dynasty. It acknowledges the ruler's position as intermediary between heaven and earth.	4
6299353966	Shang Dynasty	Period of Chinese history from 1766 to 1122 B.C.E.	5
6299353967	Salinization	The buildup of minerals in soil, decreasing its fertility; can be caused by long-term irrigation.	6
6299353968	Quipu	A series of knotted cords, used for accounting and perhaps as a form of writing in the Norte Chico civilization.	7
6299353969	Pyramid	Monumental tomb for an Egyptian pharaoh; mostly built during the Old Kingdom (2663-2195 B.C.E.).	8
6299353970	Phoenicians	A civilization in the area of present-day Lebanon, creators of the first alphabetic writing system.	9
6299353971	Pharaoh	A king of Egypt. The term literally means "the palace" and only came into use in the New Kingdom, but it is generally employed in reference to all ancient Egyptian rulers.	10
6299353972	Patriarchy	Literally "rule of the father"; a social system of male dominance.	11
6299353973	Oracle bones	In Chinese civilization, animal bones that were heated and the cracks then interpreted as prophecies. The prophecies were written on the bone and provide our earliest written sources for ancient China.	12
6299353974	Olmec Civilization	An early civilization that developed along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico around 1200 B.C.E.	13
6299353975	Nubia	A civilization to the south of Egypt in the Nile Valley, noted for development of an alphabetic writing system and a major ironworking industry by 500 B.C.E.	14
6299353977	Mohenjo-Daro	A major city of the Indus Valley civilization; flourished around 2000 B.C.E.	15
6299353979	Mesopotamia	The "land between the rivers" Tigris and Euphrates, in what is now Iraq.	16
6299353980	Mandate of Heaven	The ideological underpinning of Chinese emperors, this was the belief that a ruler held authority by command of divine force as long as he ruled morally and benevolently.	17
6299353981	Indus Valley	home of a major civilization that emerged in what is now Pakistan during the third millennium B.C.E., in the valleys of the Indus and Saraswati rivers, noted for the uniformity of its elaborately planned cities over a large territory	18
6299353984	Hieroglyphs	Ancient Egyptian writing system; literally, "sacred carvings"—so named because the Greeks saw them prominently displayed in Egyptian temples.	19
6299353985	Hebrews	A smaller early civilization whose development of a monotheistic faith that provided the foundation of modern Judaism, Christianity, and Islam assured them a significant place in world history.	20
6299353986	Hatshepsut	Ancient Egypt's most famous queen; reigned 1472-1457 B.C.E.	21
6299353987	Harappa	A major city of the Indus Valley civilization; flourished around 2000 B.C.E.	22
6299353988	Epic of Gilgamesh	The most famous extant literary work from ancient Mesopotamia, it tells the story of one man's quest for immortality.	23
6299353989	cuneiform	Wedge-shaped writing in the form of symbols incised into clay tablets; used in Mesopotamia from around 3100 B.C.E. to the beginning of the Common Era.	24
6299353990	Cradle of civilization	Commonly used term for southern Mesopotamia (in present-day Iraq).	25
6299353991	Code of Hammurabi	A series of laws publicized at the order of King Hammurabi of Babylon (d. 1750 B.C.E.). Not actually a code, but a number of laws that proclaim the king's commitment to social order.	26
6299353992	teosinte	The wild ancestor of maize.	27
6299353993	stateless society	Village-based agricultural societies, usually organized by kinship groups, that functioned without a formal government apparatus.	28
6299353995	Pastoral society	A human society that relies on domesticated animals rather than plants as the main source of food; nomads lead their animals to seasonal grazing grounds rather than settling permanently in a single location.	29
6299353996	Mesopotamia	The valley of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in present-day Iraq.	30
6299353999	Horticulture	Hoe-based agriculture, typical of early agrarian societies.	31
6299354000	Fertile Crescent	Region sometimes known as Southwest Asia that includes the modern states of Iraq, Syria, Israel/Palestine, and southern Turkey; the earliest home of agriculture.	32
6299354001	Domestication	The taming and changing of nature for the benefit of humankind.	33
6299354002	Diffusion	The gradual spread of agricultural techniques without extensive population movement.	34
6299354003	Chiefdom	A societal grouping governed by a chief who typically relies on generosity, ritual status, or charisma rather than force to win obedience from the people.	35
6299354004	Çatalhüyük	An important Neolithic site in what is now Turkey.	36
6299354005	Bantu	An African-language family whose speakers gradually became the dominant culture of eastern and southern Africa, thanks to their agricultural techniques and, later, their ironworking skills	37
6299354006	Austronesian	An Asian-language family whose speakers gradually became the dominant culture of the Philippines, Indonesia, and the Pacific islands, thanks to their mastery of agriculture.	38
6299354007	Agricultural Revolution	Also known as the Neolithic Revolution, this is the transformation of human (and world) existence caused by the deliberate cultivation of particular plants and the deliberate taming and breeding of particular animals	39
6299354008	Shaman	In many early societies, a person believed to have the ability to act as a bridge between living humans and supernatural forces, often by means of trances induced by psychoactive drugs.	40

Powered by Quizlet.com

Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Strayer Chapter 9 Vocabulary Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

7738318514	Qur'an	Definition: Islamic sacred book of Muhammad's life and message. Significance: The word of God that the Muslims believe and follow.	0
7738318515	Umma	Definition: The entire community of Muslims bound together by ties of religion. Significance: Goal of creating a just and moral society where all believers are community (equality).	1
7738318516	Pillars of Islam	Definition: (1) Allah is the one true God. (2) 5 daily prayers. (3) Charitable. (4) Fast of Ramadan. (5) Hajj. Significance: Rules followed every day. The lifestyle to be good and responsible as a Muslim.	2
7738318517	Hijra	Definition: Muhammad fled from Mecca to Medina. Significance: Other merchants didn't appreciate Muhammed, so he left to Medina (another holy place). He came back to Mecca to reconquer it later.	3
7738318518	Sharia	Definition: Islamic law based on teachings of the Qur'an. Significance: It's the foundation of Muslim Law and how Muslims live their lives (with the Ulama as the judge).	4
7738318519	Jizya	Definition: Poll tax paid by non-Muslims (minority groups) within Muslim empire. Significance: Allowed religious freedom through taxes. Christians and Jews were allowed within the empire because Muslims wanted more trading opportunities.	5
7738318520	Ulama	Definition: Doctors of Muslim religion and law. Significance: Religiously trained scholars and authorities to look to for Qur'an and Muslim faith.	6
7738318521	Umayyad Caliphate	Definition: 2nd of the 4 major caliphates (rule/reign of chief Muslim ruler). Significance: Construction of Mosques to symbolize imperial power. It was short lived because of the favor of Arabs.	7
7738318522	Abbasid Caliphate	Definition: 3rd of the 4 major caliphates. Significance: Founded the city of Baghdad, the capital of the "Golden Age" (enlightenment and prosperity).	8
7738318523	Sufism	Definition: Mystical system of Sufis, an ascetic Muslim sect. Significance: Belief and practice in which Muslims seek to find divine love and knowledge through a direct personal relationship with God. (Response to the materialism of leaders).	9
7738318524	Al-Ghazali	Definition: Islamic thinker who was a scholar. He argued for rationale. Significance: He believed that rational philosophy alone could never enable believers to know about Allah. They must know in their heart. (Caused Sufism).	10
7738318525	Ibn Battuta	Definition: Visited West Africa and criticized the Muslim practices there. Significance: Detailed account of visits to Islamic lands, and documented travels. He provided insight.	11
7738318526	Timbuktu	Definition: Port city of Mal by the Niger River. Significance: Contained library and university. It was the center of Islamic religious and intellectual life.	12
7738318527	Mansa Musa	Definition: Ruler of Kingdom of Mali (Muslim) sought to expand kingdom for gold. Significance: He showed pride and ignorance of Islamic law. He elevated Mali's status in the Islamic world.	13
7738318528	al-Andalus	Definition: Chief site of Islamic encounter with Christian Europe (conquered by Arab and Berber forces). Significance: Muslims, Christians, and Jews contributed to culture. A place of harmony and tolerance (75% converted to Islam).	14
7738318529	Madrassas	Definition: (11th century) Formal colleges, offered more advanced instructions in Qur'an and sayings of Muhammad. It was the informal teachings with text memorization. Significance: Another way Ulama passed on teachings of the faith, and important knowledge of the faith.	15
7738318530	House of Wisdom	Definition: Baghdad, the center for research and translation of scientific, medical, and philosophical texts. Significance: Islamic ideas circled the world, and Greek information was being translated into Arabic.	16
7738318531	Ibn Sina	Definition: Writer in almost all fields of science and philosophy. Significance: Set standards for medical practice in Islamic and Christian worlds. Accurately diagnosed many disease and found treatments, and revolutionary writings.	17

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Ways of the World Chapter 1 Flashcards

Terms from Ways of the World Chapter 1

Terms : Hide Images

5351404217	Venus Figurines	Paleolithic carvings of female form, often with exaggerated breasts, buttocks, hips and stomachs, which may have had religious significance.	0
5351404218	Trance Dance	In San culture, a nightlong ritual held to activate a human being's inner spiritual potency (n/um) to counteract evil influences of gods and ancestors. Common to the Khoisan people.	1
5351404219	Shaman	In early societies, a person believed to have the ability to act as a bridge between living humans and supernatural forces, often by means of trances induced by pyschoactive drugs.	2
5351404220	Paleolithic "settling down"	The process by which some Paleolithic peoples moved toward permanent settlement in the wake of the last Ice Age. Settlement was marked by increasing storage of food and accumulation of goods as well as growing inequalities in society.	3
5351404221	"The original affluent society"	Term coined by scholar Marshall Sahlins in 1972 to describe Paleolithic societies which he regarded as affluent not because of having too much, but because they wanted and needed so little.	4
5351404222	Megafaunal Extinction	Dying out of a large number of animal species, including the mammoth and several species of horses and camels, that occured around 11,000-10,000 years ago, at the end of the Ice Age.	5
5351404223	Dreamtime	A native Australian Aborigines' belief; Dreamtime is a place beyond time and space in which the past, present, and future exist wholly as one. Tribes-people could enter this alternate universe through dreams or various states of altered consciousness, as well as death, Dreamtime being considered the final destination before reincarnation.	6
5351404224	Clovis Culture	The earliest widespread and distinctive culture of N. America; distinctive because they hunted large animals; Mammoth, Bison. named from a particular kind of projectile point (See image)	7
5351404225	Austronesian Migrations	The last phase of the great human migration that established a human presence in every habitable region on Earth. These people settled in the Pacific Islands and Madagascar in a series of seaborne migrations that began around 3500 years ago.	8
5351404226	Banpo	A Chinese archeological site where the remains of a significant Neolithic village have been found	9
5351404227	Bantu Migration	The spread of Bantu-speaking peoples from their homeland in what is now southern Nigeria or Cameroon to most of Africa in a process that started ca. 3000 BCE and continued for several millennia.	10
5351404228	Catalhuyuk	A settlement in present day southern Turkey, which existed from approximately 7500 BC to 5700 BC, and flourished around 7000BC. It is the largest and best-preserved Neolithic site found to date.	11
5351404229	Chiefdom	A societal grouping governed by a chief who typically relies on generosity, ritual status, or charisma rather than force to win obedience from the people.	12
5351404230	Diffusion	The gradual spread of agricultural techniques without extensive population movement.	13
5351404231	Fertile Crescent	Region sometimes known as Southwest Asia that includes the modern states of Iraq, Syria, Israel/Palestine, and southern Turkey; the earliest home of agriculture.	14
5351404232	Pastoral Society	A human society that relies on domesticated animals rather than plants as the main source of food; lead their animals to seasonal grazing grounds rather than settling permanently in a single location.	15
5351404233	"Secondary Products Revolution"	A term used to describe the series of technological changes that began ca. 4000 BCE, as people began to develop new uses for their domesticated animals, exploiting a new source of power.	16
5351404234	Teosinte	The wild ancestor of maize.	17
5351404235	Ishi	was the last member of the Yahi, a group of the Yana people of the U.S. state of California. Widely acclaimed in his time as the "last wild Indian" in America, Ishi lived most of his life completely outside modern culture. At about 49 years of age, in 1911, he emerged from "the wild" near Oroville, California, leaving his ancestral homeland.	18
5351404236	Göbekli Tepe	A ceremonial site (in modern day Turkey) of a hunting and gathering society. This type of structure is normally only associated with agricultural societies	19
5351404237	In what ways did Paleolithic societies differ from each other? How did they change over time?	...	20
5351404238	The Agricultural Revolution marked a decisive turning point in human history. What evidence might you offer to support this claim? How might you argue against it?	...	21
5351404239	How did early agricultural societies differ from those of the Paleolithic era?	...	22
5351404240	Was the Agricultural Revolution inevitable? Why did it occur so late in the story of human kind?	...	23
5351404241	The Agricultural Revolution provide evidence for "progress in human affairs" How would you evaluate this statement?	...	24

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History: Period 3 Vocabulary Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

8461239431	abacus	an ancient Chinese counting device that used rods on which were mounted movable counters	0
8461239432	age grade	age groups into which children were placed in Bantu societies of early sub-Saharan Africa; children within the age grade were given responsibilities and privileges suitable for their age and in this manner were prepared for adult responsibilities	1
8461239433	Allah	the god for Muslims; Arabic word for "god"	2
8461239434	Anasazi	the name given to the pueblo dwelling natives in the South-west and North American continent	3
8461239435	arabsque	artwork first seen in Muslim lands; a type of curvilinear decoration in painting, metalwork, etc., with intricate intertwining leaf, flower, animal, or geometrical designs	4
8461239436	astrolabe	a navigational instrument used to determine latitude by measuring the position of the stars	5
8461239437	Austronesian	a branch of languages originating in Oceania	6
8461239438	ayllus	in Incan society, a clan or community that worked together on projects required by the ruler	7
8461239439	bakufu	a military government established in Japan after the Gempei Wars; the emperor became a figurehead while real power was concentrated in the military, including the samurai	8
8461239440	Bantu-speaking peoples	name given to the group of sub-Saharan African peoples who's migrations altered the society of sub-Saharan Africa	9
8461239441	Battle of Tours	the 732 battle that haltered the advance of Muslim armies into Europe at a point in northern France	10
8461239442	benefice	in medieval Europe, a grant of land or other privilege to a vassal	11
8461239443	Black Death	the European name for the outbreak of the Bubonic Plague that spread across Asia, Europe, and North Africa in the Fourteenth century	12
8461239444	Bushi	regional military leaders in Japan who ruled small kingdoms from fortresses	13
8461239445	Bushido	the code of honor of the samurai in Japan	14
8461239446	Caliph	the chief Muslim political and religious leader	15
8461239447	Calpulli	Aztec clans that supplied labor and warriors to leaders	16
8461239448	caravel	a small, easily steerable ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in their explorations	17
8461239449	celadon	Chinese porcelain that has a pale, green, translucent glaze	18
8461239450	Chimor	pre-Incan South American society that fell to the Incas in the Fifteenth century	19
8461239451	chinampas	platforms of twisted vines and mud that served the Aztecs as floating gardens and extended their agricultural land	20
8461239452	chivalry	a knight's code of honor in medieval Europe	21
8461239453	Daimyo	a Japanese feudal lord in charge of an army of samurai	22
8461239454	Dar al-Islam	The House of Islam; a term representing the political and religious unity of the various Islamic groups	23
8461239455	excommunication	the practice of the Roman Catholic and other Christian churches of prohibiting participation in the sacraments to those who do not comply with the church teachings or practices	24
8461239456	feudalism	a political, economic, and social system based on the relationship between lord and vassal in order to provide protection	25
8461239457	fief	in medieval Europe, a grant of land given in exchange for military, or other services	26
8461239458	Five Pillars	five practices required of Muslim; faith, prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and pilgrimage	27
8461239459	flying money	letters of credit issued in place of coins	28
8461239460	foot binding	in China, a method of breaking and binding women's feet; seen as a sign of beauty and social position, foot binding also confined women to the household	29
8461239461	Gempei wars	wars in Japan that pitted the samurai against the peasants	30
8461239462	Gothic architecture	architecture of Twelfth century Europe, featuring stained-glass windows, flying buttresses, tall spires, and pointed arches	31
8461239463	griots	storytellers of sub-Saharan Africa who carried on oral traditions and histories	32
8461239464	Hadith	a collection of the sayings and deeds of Mohammed	33
8461239465	Hajj	the pilgrimage to the Ka'aba in Mecca required once of every Muslim who was not limited by health or financial restrictions	34
8461239466	harem	a household of wives and concubines in the Middle East, Africa, or Asia	35
8461239467	Hijah	the flight of Mohammed from Mecca to Medina, the first year in the Muslim calendar	36
8461239468	Inca	the ruler of the Quechua people of the west coast of South America; the term is also applied to the Quechua people as a whole	37
8461239469	investiture	the authority claimed by monarchs to appoint church officials	38
8461239470	Jihad	Islamic holy war	39
8461239471	junks	large Chinese sailing ships especially designed for long-distance travel during the Tang and Song Dynasties	40
8461239472	Ka'aba	a black stone or meteorite that became the most revered shrine in Arabia before the introduction of Islam; situated in Mecca, it later was incorporated in the Islamic faith	41
8461239473	Kamikaze	the "divine wind" credited by the Japanese with preventing the Mongol invasion of Japan during the Thirteenth century	42
8461239474	Khan	a Mongol ruler	43
8461239475	kowtow	a former Chinese custom of touching the ground with the forehead as a sign of respect or submission	44
8461239476	lateen sails	a triangular sail attached to a short mast	45
8461239477	Magna Carta	a document written in England in 1215 that granted certain rights to nobles; later these rights came to be extended to all classes	46
8461239478	Malay sailors	Southeast Asian sailors who traveled the Indian Ocean; by 500 C.E., they had colonized Madagascar, introducing the cultivation of the banana	47
8461239479	Mamluks	Turkic military slaves who formed part of the army of the Abbasid Caliphate in the Ninth and Tenth centuries; they founded their own state in Egypt and Syria from the Thirteenth to the early Sixteenth centuries	48
8461239480	manorialism	a system of self-sufficient estates that arose in medieval Europe	49
8461239481	Maori	a member of a Polynesian group that settled in New Zealand about 800 CE	50
8461239482	medieval	pertaining to the Middle Ages of European history	51
8461239483	metropolitan	the head of the Eastern Orthodox Church	52
8461239484	Mexica	the name given to themselves by the Aztec people	53
8461239485	Middle Ages	the period of European history traditionally given as 500 to 1500	54
8461239486	Middle Kingdom	term applied to the rich agricultural lands of the Yangtze River Valley under the Zhou Dynasty	55
8461239487	minaret	a tower attached to a mosque from which Muslims are called to worship	56
8461239488	Ming Dynasty	Chinese dynasty that was founded by the Mongolian ruler Kublai Khan	57
8461239489	Mississippians	first society of people located in central North America	58
8461239490	mita	a labor system used by Andean societies in which community member shared work owed to rules and the religious community	59
8461239491	moldboard plow	the curved metal plate in a plow that turns over earth from the furrow	60
8461239492	Mongol peace	the period from about 1250 to 1350 in which the Mongols ensured the safety of Eurasian trade and travel	61
8461239493	mosque	the house of worship of followers of Islam	62
8461239494	moundbuilders	the various American tribes who, in prehistoric and early historic times, erected the buria mounds and other earthworks of the Mississippi drainage basin and southeastern U.S.	63
8461239495	Muslim	one who submits; a follower of Islam	64
8461239496	Neo-Confucianism	a philosophy that blended Confucianism and Buddhist thought	65
8461239497	parallel descent	in Incan society, descent through both the father and mother	66
8461239498	parliament	a representative assembly, most notably in England	67
8461239499	People of the Book	a term applied by Islamic governments to Muslims, Christians, and Jews in reference to the fact that all three religions had a holy book	68
8461239500	perspective	an artistic technique commonly used in Renaissance painting that gave a three-dimensional appearance to works of art	69
8461239501	Quechua	an Andean society also known as the Inca	70
8461239502	Quipus	systems of knotted chords of different sizes and colors used by the Incas for keeping records	71
8461239503	Quran	the holy book of Islam	72
8461239504	Ramadan	the holy month of Islam which commemorates the appearance of the angel Gabriel to Muhammad; fasting is required during this month	73
8461239505	Renaissance	the revival of learning in Europe beginning about 1300 and continuing to about 1600	74
8461239506	samurai	the military class of feudal Japan	75
8461239507	scholar gentry	the Chinese class of well-educated men from who many bureaucrats were chosen	76
8461239508	Seppuku	the Japanese practice of ritual suicide	77
8461239509	serf	a peasant who is bound to the land he or she works	78
8461239510	Shariah	the body of law that governs Muslim society	79
8461239511	Shi'ite	the branch of Islam that holds that the leader of Islam must be a descendant of Muhammad's family	80
8461239512	Shinto	the traditional Japanese religion based on veneration of ancestors and spirits of nature	81
8461239513	shogun	military leader under the bakufu	82
8461239514	shogunate	the rule of the shoguns	83
8461239515	stateless society	a society that is based on the authority of kinship groups rather than on a central government	84
8461239516	steppe diplomacy	the skill of political survival and dominance in the world of steppe nomads; it involved the knowledge of tribal and clan structure and often used assassinations to accomplish its goals	85
8461239517	Sufis	Muslims who attempt to reach Allah through mysticism	86
8461239518	sultan	an Islamic ruler	87
8461239519	Sunni	the branch of Islam that believes that the Muslim community should select its leaders; the largest branch of Islam	88
8461239520	syncretism	a blend of two or more cultures or cultural traditions	89
8461239521	tea ceremony	an ancient Shinto ritual still performed in the traditional Japanese capital of Kyoto	90
8461239522	Toltecs	Central American society that was centered around the city of Tula	91
8461239523	tribute	the payment of a tax in the form of goods and labor by subject peoples	92
8461239524	Umma	the community of Muslim believers	93
8461239525	vassal	in medieval Europe, a person who pledged military or other service to a lord in exchange for a gift of land or other privilege	94
8461239526	Yuan dynasty	Chinese dynasty that was founded by the Mongolian ruler Kublai Khan	95
8461239527	Zakat	a tax, comprising percentages of personal income of every kind, levied as almsgiving for the relief of the poor; the third of the Pillars of Islam	96