Flashcards
AP World History- Period 2 Flashcards
AP World History Period 2: 600 BCE to 600 CE
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| 6983175038 | What factors shaped the features of early trade routes in the eastern hemisphere? | Climate and location of routes, typical trade goods, and the ethnicity of the people involved. | 0 | |
| 6983175039 | What are the 4 most significant trade routes of the period between 600BCE and 600CE? | 1. Eurasian Silk Roads 2. Trans-Saharan caravan routes 3. Indian Ocean sea lanes 4. Mediterranean sea lanes | 1 | |
| 6983175040 | What new technologies facilitated long-distance communication and exchange between 600BCE and 600CE? | Yokes, saddles, and stirrups permitted the use of domesticated pack animals. | 2 | |
| 6983175041 | What factors stimulated early exchanges along maritime routes from East Africa to East Asia? | Innovations in maritime technology and advanced knowledge of monsoon winds. Ex. Lateen sail and dhow ships. | 3 | |
| 6983175042 | What are the various forms of exchanges that took place between 600BCE and 600CE? | Trade goods, people, technology, religious and cultural beliefs, food crops, domesticated animals, and disease pathogens. | 4 | |
| 6983175043 | What crops spread from South Asia to the Middle East? | Rice and cotton. | 5 | |
| 6983175044 | What changes did the spread of crops encourage? | Changed in farming and irrigation techniques. | 6 | |
| 6983175045 | What religious and cultural traditions were transformed as they spread? | Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism. | 7 | |
| 6983175046 | The number and size of key states and empires grew dramatically by: | Imposing political unity. | 8 | |
| 6983175047 | What are the 6 key states/empires and their locations? | Southwest Asia: Persian Empire East Asia: Qin and Han Empires South Asia: Mauryan and Gupta Empires Mediterranean: Phoenecia, Greek City-states, Hellenistic and Roman empires Mesoamerica: Teotihuacan, Maya Andean South America: Moche | 9 | |
| 6983175048 | What did the rulers of empires create to organize their subjects? | Administrative institutions | 10 | |
| 6983175049 | Two important elements of imperial administrations are: | 1. Centralized government 2. Elaborate legal systems & bureaucracies | 11 | |
| 6983175050 | What regions hosted the most famous administrative institutions? | China, Persia, Rome, & South Asia | 12 | |
| 6983175051 | Name 4 ways in which imperial governments projected military power over large areas. | 1. Diplomacy 2. Developing supply lines 3. Building fortifications 4. Defensive walls and roads 5. Drawing new groups of military officers and soldiers from the local populations or conquered peoples | 13 | |
| 6983175052 | What function did cities play in Afro-Eurasia and the Americas? | 1. Centers of trade 2. Public performance of religious rituals 3. Political administration for states and empires | 14 | |
| 6983175053 | Name 2 important early imperial cities. | Rome & Teotihuacan | 15 | |
| 6983175054 | What did the social structures of early empires display? What groups were typically included? | Hierarchies / Included cultivators, laborers, slaves, artisans, merchants, elites, or caste groups | 16 | |
| 6983175055 | How did imperial societies maintain food production? | Relied on a range of methods such as peasant communities and slavery. | 17 | |
| 6983175056 | An important reason to produce surplus in imperial societies was: | To provide rewards for the loyalty of elites. | 18 | |
| 6983175057 | ___________ continued to shape gender and family relations in imperial societies. | Patriarchy | 19 | |
| 6983175058 | What specific empires created difficulties they could not manage? | Roman, Han, Persian, Mauryan, and Gupta | 20 | |
| 6983175059 | What types of difficulties did Empires create that often led to their collapse/decline/transformation? | Political, cultural, and administrative | 21 | |
| 6983175060 | How did empire create environmental issues and what did these issues lead to? | Successive mobilization of resources led to environmental damage which resulted in social tensions and economic difficulties by concentrating too much wealth in the hands of elites. | 22 | |
| 6983175061 | What sorts of external problems did empires face? | Issues along the frontier such as threat of invasions. | 23 | |
| 6983175062 | What are 2 important examples of empires' external problem? | Rome: Problems with northern and eastern neighbors Gupta: White Huns | 24 | |
| 6983175063 | The codification of the ________ scriptures further associated Judaism with monotheism. | Hebrew (Scriptures) | 25 | |
| 6983175064 | The Hebrew scriptures influenced the cultural and legal traditions of what area? | Mesopotamia | 26 | |
| 6983175065 | What trend influenced the Jewish diasporic communities in the Middle East? Which peoples were involved? | Conquest of Jewish states by Assyria, Babylonia, and Rome. | 27 | |
| 6983175066 | Sanskrit scriptures formed the basis of the __________ religions, which later became known as __________. | Vedic, Hinduism | 28 | |
| 6983175067 | What core beliefs did Buddhism preach? What scriptures were they recorded in? | Core beliefs: desire, suffering, and the search for enlightenment. Scriptures: Sutras & other misc. scriptures. | 29 | |
| 6983175068 | Buddhism was, in part, a reaction to ____________. | The Vedic beliefs and rituals dominant in South Asia. | 30 | |
| 6983175069 | Emperor _______________ of _____________ supported the spread of Buddhism. Buddhism was also spread through ___________________________. | Asoka / Mauryan Empire / efforts of missionaries and merchants and the establishment of educational institutions. | 31 | |
| 6983175070 | The philosophical belief system of ___________ came out of China. | Confucianism | 32 | |
| 6983175071 | Confucianism's main goal was: | to promote social harmony by outlining proper rituals and social relationships. | 33 | |
| 6983175072 | What are the core beliefs of Daoism? | Balance between humans and nature. | 34 | |
| 6983175073 | What role did Daoism play in the development of Chinese culture? | It influenced medical theories and practices, pottery, metallurgy, and architecture. | 35 | |
| 6983175074 | Christianity drew on which religious tradition? | Judaism | 36 | |
| 6983175075 | Initially, Christianity rejected _______________ influences. | Roman & Hellenistic | 37 | |
| 6983175076 | Christianity initially spread through ____________, and later through the support of ____________________. | Efforts of missionaries and merchants through many parts of Afro-Eurasia / Emporer Constantine | 38 | |
| 6983175077 | What are the cored ideas of Greco-Roman philosophy/science? | Logic, empirical observations, and the nature of political power and hierarchy. | 39 | |
| 6983175078 | What role did belief systems play in social systems? | Affected gender roles: Judaism & Christianity: encouraged monastic life Confucianism: emphasized filial piety | 40 | |
| 6983175079 | What belief systems continued alongside the codified, written belief systems? Why did these persist outside of core civilizations? | Shamanism/Animism persisted because of their daily reliance on the natural world. | 41 | |
| 6983175080 | Which major art forms were influenced by belief systems? Which important examples are provided in the Key Concept outline? | Literature, drama, architecture, and sculpture. / Ex. Greek plays, Indian epics | 42 |
AP World History- Period 6 Flashcards
Original from MrsBHatchTEACHER
Terms : Hide Images
| 6480543553 | African National Congress | ANC; South African political party formed in 1912; strongly opposed to apartheid | 0 | |
| 6480543554 | apartheid | "separateness"; a series of laws initiated by the Afrikaner National Party in South Africa which was designed to divide South African society by skin color and ethnicity; this system also reserved South Africa's resources for whites |  | 1 |
| 6480543555 | Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini | lived from 1900 to 1989; religious leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran | 2 | |
| 6480543556 | Big Bang theory | theory which suggests that at some moment all matter in the universe was contained in a single point, which is considered the beginning of the universe | 3 | |
| 6480543557 | Vladimir Lenin | born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov; lived from 1870 to 1924; the leader of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and premier of the Soviet Union |  | 4 |
| 6480543558 | Central Powers | one of the two warring factions in World War I; composed of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria; also known as the Quadruple Alliance | 5 | |
| 6480543559 | Charles de Gaulle | lived from 1890 to 1970; French general and statesman who led French forces in World War II; served as the president of France from 1959 to 1969 |  | 6 |
| 6480543560 | Che Guevara | lived from 1928 to 1967; Argentine marxist revolutionary who was a major figure in the Cuban Revolution |  | 7 |
| 6480543561 | Chiang Kai-shek | lived from 1887 to 1975; Chinese military officer who was leader of the Guomindang; fled to Taiwan after the Chinese Communist Party came to power in China |  | 8 |
| 6480543562 | Chinese Revolution | prolonged communist movement in China and lasted from 1946 to 1950; resulted in the communist takeover of mainland China |  | 9 |
| 6480543563 | Cold War | a sustained state of political and military tension between members of NATO and members of the Warsaw Pact; dissolution of the Soviet Union was the end of this "conflict" | 10 | |
| 6480543564 | collectivization | also known as collective farming and communal farming; system in which the holdings of several farmers are run collectively as a unit; imposed by the government in the Soviet Union | 11 | |
| 6480543565 | command economy | a.k.a planned economy; the economic system in which decisions regarding production and investment are embodied in a plan formulated by a central authority, usually by a public body such as a government agency | 12 | |
| 6480543566 | containment | the United States policy to prevent the spread of communism abroad during the Cold War; a response to a series of moves by the Soviet Union to enlarge communist influence in Eastern Europe, China, Korea, Africa, and Vietnam | 13 | |
| 6480543567 | Cuban missile crisis | a 13-day confrontation in October 1962 between the Soviet Union and the United States; Soviet missiles moved to Cuban soil in an agreement by Fidel Castro and Nikita Khrushchev; U.S. responds by blockading Cuba; Khrushchev and U.S. President John F. Kennedy reach an agreement in which the Soviets would remove their missiles from Cuba in return for an American promise not to invade Cuba |  | 14 |
| 6480543568 | cultural imperialism | the practice of promoting or imposing one's culture on another, usually between powerful societies and less-powerful ones | 15 | |
| 6480543569 | Cultural Revolution | also known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution; launched by Mao in the late 1960's; aimed to combat the capitalist tendencies he believed had penetrated even the highest ranks of the communist party itself; involved new policies to bring health care and education to the countryside and reinvigorate earlier efforts at rural industrialization under local control | 16 | |
| 6480543570 | decolonization | the process of the dissolution of colonial territories and the establishment of independent nations | 17 | |
| 6480543571 | Deng Xiaoping | lived from 1904 to 1997; successor to Mao Zedong; reformist who sought to incorporate The People's Republic of China into the world economy; dismantled collectivized farming, state enterprises given greater authority, welcomed foreign investment; crushed democracy movement in Beijing's Tiananmen Square |  | 18 |
| 6480543572 | environmentalism | ideology which regards the environmental concerns | 19 | |
| 6480543573 | European Economic Community | EEC; also known as the Common Market; founded in 1957; originally consisted of Italy, France, West Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg; expanded membership to almost all of Europe, including former communist states; renamed the European Union in 1994 | 20 | |
| 6480543574 | Fascism | political ideology which was intensely nationalistic; celebrated action and placed faith in charismatic leaders; and condemned individualism, liberalism, feminism, parliamentary democracy, and communism; adopted by Italy, Germany, and Japan in the years following World War I | 21 | |
| 6480543575 | Five Year Plan | a planned economy in which a committee came together to determine rations | 22 | |
| 6480543576 | fundamentalism | ideology which demands strict adherence to orthodox theological doctrines | 23 | |
| 6480543577 | Gamel Abdel Nasser | lived from 1918 to 1970; second President of Egypt from 1956 to 1970; planned the overthrow of the monarchy and sought to nationalize the Suez Canal | 24 | |
| 6480543578 | UN General Assembly | one of the six principal organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation; oversee the budget of the United Nations, appoint the non-permanent members to the Security Council, receive reports from other parts of the United Nations and make recommendations in the form of General Assembly Resolutions |  | 25 |
| 6480543579 | genocide | the systematic destruction of all or part of a racial, ethnic, religious or national group | 26 | |
| 6480543580 | Getulio Vargas | lived from 1882 to 1954; ruled Brazil from 1930 to 1945; discrediting of established export elites during the Great Depression leads to his dictatorship; supported the military; took steps to modernize Brazil's urban industrial sector | 27 | |
| 6480543581 | global warming | term which refers to the continuing rise in the average temperature of Earth's climate system; viewed as a result of human emissions of greenhouse gases | 28 | |
| 6480543582 | globalization of democracy | the spread of democracy throughout the world | 29 | |
| 6480543583 | Great Depression | economic depression as a result of the crash of the American stock market; lasted from 1929 until World War II; causes drop in world trade, loss of investment, and businesses unable to make profit; countries or colonies tied to exporting one or two products hardhit as the West consumed less; conditions resulting in the Great Depression led to widespread unemployment and social tensions |  | 30 |
| 6480543584 | Great Leap Forward | lasted from 1958 to 1960; marked Mao's response to distortions of Chinese socialism; promoted smallscale industrialization in rural areas; tried to foster widespread and practical technological education for all rather than relying on a small elite of highly trained technical experts; envisioned an immediate transition to full communism in the "people's communes" rather than waiting for industrial development to provide the material basis for that transition; massive famine which followed temporarily discredited Mao's radicalism | 31 | |
| 6480543585 | Great Purges | also known as the Terror; period of immense paranoia in the Soviet Union of the late 1930's in which communist members accused each other being corrupted by capitalist ideals; enveloped tens of thousands of prominent communists, including all of Lenin's top associates, and millions more of ordinary peoples; based on suspicious associations in the past, denunciations by colleagues, connections to foreign countries, or bad luck; such people were arrested in the middle of the night, then tried and sentenced to either death or long harsh years in remote labor camps known as gulags; close to 1 million peoples executed between 1936 and 1941; additional 4 to 5 million people sent to the gulag, where they were forced to work in horrendous conditions and died in appalling numbers | 32 | |
| 6480543586 | Green Revolution | a series of research, and development, and technology transfer initiatives, occurring between the 1940s and the late 1960s, that increased agriculture production worldwide, particularly in the developing world | 33 | |
| 6480543587 | Adolf Hitler | lived from 1889 to 1945; leader of the Nazi party in Germany; chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945; dictator of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945 |  | 34 |
| 6480543588 | Ho Chi Minh | lived from 1890 to 1969; Vietnamese communist revolutionary leader; was prime minister (from 1945 to 1955) and president (from 1945 to 1969) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam |  | 35 |
| 6480543589 | Holocaust | the mass murder of approximately six million Jews during World War II; a program of systematic state-sponsored murder by Nazi Germany; led by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party | 36 | |
| 6480543590 | International Monetary Fund | IMF; established in 1944 by the Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire; sought to promote market economies, free trade, and high growth rates | 37 | |
| 6480543591 | Indian National Congress | INC; organization established in 1885; gave expression to the idea of India as a single nation; played a major role in India's independence movement from British colonial rule | 38 | |
| 6480543592 | Iranian Cultural Revolution | lasted from 1980 to 198; a period following the Iranian Revolution where intellectuals of Iran were purged of Western and non-Islamic influences to bring it in line with Shia Islam; closed universities between 1980 and 1983, banned many books, and purged thousands of students and lecturers from schools | 39 | |
| 6480543593 | iron curtain | the heavily fortified border between Eastern and Western Europe | 40 | |
| 6480543594 | Islamic renewal | also referred to as Islamic revival; refers to a renewing of the Islamic religion throughout the Islamic world, that began roughly sometime in 1970s; sought greater religious piety and a growing adoption of Islamic culture | 41 | |
| 6480543595 | Jawaharlal Nehru | lived from 1889 to 1964; first Prime Minister of India and was a leading figure in the independence movement against British rule over India |  | 42 |
| 6480543596 | League of Arab States | a regional organization of Arab countries in and around North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and Southwest Asia; formed in Cairo in 1945 with six members: Egypt, Iraq, Transjordan (Jordan), Lebanon, Saudi Arabia and Syria; currently has 22 members | 43 | |
| 6480543597 | League of Nations | international peacekeeping organization founded as a result of the First World World; proposed by US president Woodrow Wilson; committed to the principle of "collective security" and intended to avoid the repetition of war | 44 | |
| 6480543598 | Mahatma Gandhi | lived from 1869 to 1948; leader of the Indian nationalist movement during British control over India; used nonviolent civil disobedience, such as hunger strikes |  | 45 |
| 6480543599 | Mao Zedong | lived from 1893 to 1976; Chinese communist revolutionary and leader of the People's Republic of China from its establishment 1949 to his death in 1976 |  | 46 |
| 6480543600 | Marshall Plan | plan which sought to rebuild and reshape devastated European economies; funneled Europe some $12 billion with numerous advisers and technicians; motivated by combination of humanitarian concern, a desire to prevent a new depression by creating overseas customers for American goods, and interest in undermining the growing appeal of European communist parties; required European nations to cooperate with one another |  | 47 |
| 6480543601 | Mikhail Gorbachev | born in 1931; last general secretary of the Soviet Union (1985 to 1991); passed reforms such as perestroika and policies such as glasnost which led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union |  | 48 |
| 6480543602 | military-industrial complex | the policy and monetary relationships which exist between legislators, national armed forces, and the military industrial base that supports them; include political contributions, political approval for military spending, lobbying to support bureaucracies, and oversight of the industry; most often used in reference to the system behind the military of the United States | 49 | |
| 6480543603 | Muhammad Ali Jinnah | lived from 1876 to 1948; founder of Pakistan and the leader of the All-India Muslim League until Pakistan's independence |  | 50 |
| 6480543604 | Munich Conference | a conference in Munich which permitted Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along German borders mainly inhabited by German speakers; territory now known as "Sudetenland"; widely regarded as a failed act of appeasement toward Germany; agreement was signed in the early hours of 30 September 1938; agreement was signed by Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and Italy; Czechoslovakia not invited to the conference | 51 | |
| 6480543605 | Benito Mussolini | lived from 1883 to 1945; leader of the Italian National Fascist Party; prime minister of Italy from 1922 to 1943 |  | 52 |
| 6480543606 | Mustafa Kemal Ataturk | lived from 1881 to 1938; founder and the first President of the Republic of Turkey; passed a series of reforms to transform the former Ottoman Empire into a modern, secular, and democratic nation | 53 | |
| 6480543607 | North American Free Trade Agreement | NAFTA; regional alliance founded in 1993 and consists of Canada, Mexico, and the United States; the world's second largest free-trade zone | 54 | |
| 6480543608 | North Atlantic Treaty Organization | NATO; a military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed in 1949; alliance in which its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party; consists of 28 member states across North America and Europe |  | 55 |
| 6480543609 | Nazi Germany | a.k.a the Third Reich; lasted from 1933 to 1945; Germany under the leadership of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party | 56 | |
| 6480543610 | Nelson Mandela | lived from 1918 to 2013; South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and politician; President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999; served as President of the African National Congress from 1991 to 1997 |  | 57 |
| 6480543611 | New Deal | a series of reforms proposed by United States President Woodrow Wilson; lasted from 1933 to 1942; experimental combination of reforms seeking to restart economic growth and prevent similar failures in the future; reflected the thinking of British economist John Maynard Keynes; argued that government actions and spending programs could moderate recessions and depressions; consisted of immediate programs of public spending (for dams, highways, bridges, and parks) and long-term reforms, such as the Social Security system, minimum wage, and various relief and welfare programs | 58 | |
| 6480543612 | non-governmental organization | NGO; an organization that is neither a part of a government nor a conventional for-profit business | 59 | |
| 6480543613 | Nikita Khrushchev | lived from 1894 to 1971; leader of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964; responsible for the de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union and backing of the Soviet space program |  | 60 |
| 6480543614 | Osama bin Laden | lived from 1957 to 2011; Islamic militant who was the leader of the terrorist group al-Qaeda; mastermind behind the 9/11 attacks; played a key role in the US-backed effort to aid mujahideen who fought Soviet forces in Afghanistan |  | 61 |
| 6480543615 | al-Qaeda | "the base"; terrorist organization formerly headed by Osama bin Laden; behind the 9/11 attacks | 62 | |
| 6480543616 | Palestinian Liberation Organization | PLO; an organization founded in 1964 with the purpose of creating an independent State of Palestine | 63 | |
| 6480543617 | Pan-Arabism | an ideology proposing the unification of the countries of North Africa and West Asia from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, referred to as the Arab World | 64 | |
| 6480543618 | Pan-Africanism | an ideology which encourages the unity of Africans worldwide | 65 | |
| 6480543619 | HIV/AIDS epidemic | epidemic which was first discovered in 1981 among homosexual men and intravenous drug users in New York and San Francisco; eventually became widespread around the world, particularly sub-Saharan Africa; virus attacks and destroys the immune system, which causes a fatal disorder in the immune system; spread through sexual contact with an infected person, contact with contaminated blood, and transmission from mother to child during pregnancy and breastfeeding | 66 | |
| 6480543620 | ebola epidemic | an epidemic caused by the Ebola virus; symptoms include fever, throat and muscle pains, headaches, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, and decreased functioning of the liver and kidneys; an 2014 outbreak in West Africa has led to a reported 142 deaths | 67 | |
| 6480543621 | influenza epidemic | an epidemic caused by the H1N1 influenza virus; lasted from 1918 to 1920; resulted in 50 to 100 million deaths, ranking it one of the most deadliest natural disasters in human history | 68 | |
| 6480543622 | perestroika | an economic program launched by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev which freed state enterprises from government regulation, permitted small-scale private businesses, offered opportunities for private farming, and welcomed foreign investment in joint enterprises | 69 | |
| 6480543623 | glasnost | a Soviet policy established by Mikhail Gorbachev which permitted cultural and intellectual freedoms | 70 | |
| 6480543624 | post-modernism | a late 20th Century movement in the arts, architecture, and criticism; includes skeptical interpretations of culture, literature, art, philosophy, history, economics, architecture, fiction, and literary criticism | 71 | |
| 6480543625 | Potsdam Conference | a conference which was held from July 17 to August 2, 1945; participants include the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States; gathered to decide how to punish Nazi Germany, sought to establish a post-war order, address peace treaty issues, and counter the effects of World War II | 72 | |
| 6480543626 | Prague Spring | a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia during the era of Soviet domination; began on January 5, 1968, when reformist Alexander Dubček was elected First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, and continued until August 21 when the Soviet Union and other members of the Warsaw Pact invaded the country to halt the reforms | 73 | |
| 6480543627 | 1917 Russian Revolution | a collective term for the series of revolutions in 1917 which ousted Tsar Nicholas II and the tsarist autocracy and replaced it with the communist Bolshiveks | 74 | |
| 6480543628 | second-wave feminism | a period of feminist activity that first began in the United States in the early 1960s and eventually spread throughout the Western world; later became a worldwide movement that was strong in Europe and parts of Asia, such as Turkey and Israel; focused on sexuality, family, the workplace, reproductive rights, and various legal and de facto inequalities | 75 | |
| 6480543629 | UN Security Council | one of the six principal organs of the United Nations; in charge of the maintenance of international peace and security; this body is able to establish peacekeeping operations, establish international sanctions, and authorize military action through resolutions; the only UN body with the authority to issue binding resolutions to member states |  | 76 |
| 6480543630 | space race | lasted from 1955 to 1972; a competition between the Soviet Union and the United States for supremacy in spaceflight capability; pioneered advancements such as artificial satellites, as well as manned and unmanned missions into outer space | 77 | |
| 6480543631 | sphere of influence | a concept in which a state or organization has a level of cultural, economic, military, or political exclusivity, accommodating to the interests of powers outside the sphere; examples include European "semi-colony" of China | 78 | |
| 6480543632 | Joseph Stalin | lived from 1878 to 1953; the leader of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1952; implemented a highly centralized command economy, which resulted in the transformation of Russian society from agrarian to industrialized; imprisoned millions in labor camps and deported many to remote areas; issued the Great Purges, in which hundreds of thousands, including many prominent communists, were executed |  | 79 |
| 6480543633 | theory of relativity | theory which is composed of special relativity and general relativity; proposed by Albert Einstein; proposes that measurements of various quantities are relative to the velocities of observers, space and time should be considered together and in relation to each other (Spacetime), and the speed of light is constant |  | 80 |
| 6480543634 | Third World | term which describes the countries that did not align with the Soviet Union or the United States | 81 | |
| 6480543635 | total war | war which requires the mobilization of each country's entire populations | 82 | |
| 6480543636 | transnational corporations | a.k.a multi-national corporation; an organization that owns or controls production or services facilities in one or more countries other than its home country | 83 | |
| 6480543637 | Treaty of Versailles | treaty which formally concluded the World War I in 1919; established the conditions for a World War II; Germany losses colonial empire and 15% of its European territory, required to pay heavy reparations to the winners, had its military forces severely restricted, and had to accept sole responsibility for the war; immense German resentment created from the treaty |  | 84 |
| 6480543638 | trench warfare | type of warfare using occupied fighting lines consisting largely of trenches, in which troops are significantly protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery; resulted in enormous casualties while gaining or losing a few yards of ground during World War I |  | 85 |
| 6480543639 | Truman Doctrine | an international relations policy set by the U.S. President Harry Truman in a speech on March 12, 1947; stated that the U.S. would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent them from falling into the Soviet sphere; often referred to as the beginning of the US policy of containment |  | 86 |
| 6480543640 | United Nations | organization established in 1945 as a successor to the League of Nations; attempts to find solutions to global problems and deal with virtually any matter of concern to humanity |  | 87 |
| 6480543641 | Vietnam War | war which occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1956 to 1975; U.S. entered the war to prevent South Vietnam from becoming communist, as a result of its containment policy; Soviet Union backed Northern Vietnamese forces in an attempt to spread communism to Southeast Asia; resulted in the unification of Vietnam under a communist government and the spread of communism to Cambodia and Laos |  | 88 |
| 6480543642 | Weimar Republic | the federal republic and semi-presidential representative democracy established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government after World War I; lasted until the Nazi Party rose to power in 1933; faced numerous problems, including hyperinflation, political extremists and continuing contentious relationships with the victors of World War I | 89 | |
| 6480543643 | Winston Churchill | lived from 1874 to 1965; British politician; Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and from 1951 to 1955 |  | 90 |
| 6480543644 | weapon of mass destruction | WMD; a weapon which has the capability to kill large numbers of people and decimate large swaths of land | 91 | |
| 6480543645 | Woodrow Wilson | lived from 1856 to 1924; 28th President of the United States (1913-1921); leader of the Progressive Movement; famous for his Fourteen Points, which sought to avoid another worldwide conflict |  | 92 |
| 6480543646 | Fourteen Points | a statement given on January 8, 1918 by United States President Woodrow Wilson declaring that World War I was being fought for a moral cause and called for postwar peace in Europe | 93 | |
| 6480543647 | World Bank | a United Nations international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programs; its primary goal is to reduce poverty | 94 | |
| 6480543648 | World War I | war which lasted from 1914 to 1918; also known as the Great War; pitted the Allies (United Kingdom, France, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria); resulted in an Allied victory and Treaty of Versailles, which set the stage for another world war |  | 95 |
| 6480543649 | World War II | war which lasted from 1939 to 1945; pitted the Allied Powers (Soviet Union, United Kingdom, United States, China and France) against the Axis Powers (Germany, Japan, and Italy); resulted in an Allied victory, the creation of the United Nations, and set the stage for the Cold War |  | 96 |
| 6480543650 | World Trade Organization | WTO; established in 1994 by the 123 members of GATT; took over GATT activities in 1995; developed into a forum for settling international trade disputes | 97 | |
| 6480543651 | Yalta Conference | conference which lasted from February 4 to February 11, 1945; meeting attended by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Premier Joseph Stalin for the purpose of discussing Europe's post-war reorganization; convened in the Livadia Palace near Yalta in Crimea |  | 98 |
| 6480543652 | Zionist Movement | the national movement of Jews and Jewish culture that supports the creation of a Jewish homeland in the territory defined as the Land of Israel |  | 99 |
| 6480543653 | Brazilian Solution | Combination of dictatorship, violent repression, and gov't promotion of industrialization in South American countries | 100 | |
| 6480543654 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | A 1946 United Nations covenant binding signatory nations to the observance of specified rights. | 101 | |
| 6480543655 | nongovernmental organizations | Organizations that are not established or associated with any specific organizations. They may be recognized, however, they run on their own. Examples are Green Peace and Amnesty International. | 102 | |
| 6480543656 | Tiananmen Square | Site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openness in 1989. The demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life. | 103 | |
| 6480543657 | keiretsu | Japanese business groups after the post-WWII dismantling of the zaibatsu. They are Alliances of corporations each often centered around a bank. They dominate the post-WWII Japanese economy. | 104 | |
| 6480543658 | Salvador Allende | The first Marxist politician elected president in the Americas. He was elected president of Chile in 1970 and overthrown by a US-backed military coup in 1973. | 105 | |
| 6480543659 | NATO | An international organization created in 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty for purposes of collective security. | 106 | |
| 6480543660 | Warsaw Pact | An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO | 107 |
Flashcards
AP World History- Period 6 Flashcards
Original from MrsBHatchTEACHER
Terms : Hide Images
| 8420180009 | African National Congress | South African political party formed in 1912; strongly opposed to apartheid |  | 0 |
| 8420180010 | apartheid | "separateness"; a series of laws initiated by the Afrikaner National Party in South Africa which was designed to divide South African society by skin color and ethnicity; this system also reserved South Africa's resources for whites | | 1 |
| 8420180011 | Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini | lived from 1900 to 1989; Religious leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran | 2 | |
| 8420180012 | Vladimir Lenin | born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov; lived from 1870 to 1924; the leader of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and premier of the Soviet Union | | 3 |
| 8420180013 | Central Powers | one of the two warring factions in World War I; composed of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria; also known as the Quadruple Alliance | 4 | |
| 8420180014 | Charles de Gaulle | lived from 1890 to 1970; French general and statesman who led French forces in World War II; served as the president of France from 1959 to 1969 | | 5 |
| 8420180015 | Che Guevara | lived from 1928 to 1967; Argentine marxist revolutionary who was a major figure in the Cuban Revolution | | 6 |
| 8420180016 | Chiang Kai-shek | lived from 1887 to 1975; Chinese military officer who was leader of the Guomindang; fled to Taiwan after the Chinese Communist Party came to power in China | | 7 |
| 8420180017 | Chinese Revolution | prolonged communist movement in China and lasted from 1946 to 1950; resulted in the communist takeover of mainland China | | 8 |
| 8420180018 | Cold War | a sustained state of political and military tension between members of NATO and members of the Warsaw Pact; dissolution of the Soviet Union was the end of this "conflict" |  | 9 |
| 8420180019 | collectivization | System in which the holdings of several farmers are run as a unit; imposed by the government in the Soviet Union and later in China. | 10 | |
| 8420180020 | command economy | The economic system in which decisions regarding production and investment are embodied in a plan formulated by a central authority, usually by a public body such as a government agency | 11 | |
| 8420180021 | containment | the United States policy to prevent the spread of communism abroad during the Cold War; a response to a series of moves by the Soviet Union to enlarge communist influence in Eastern Europe, China, Korea, Africa, and Vietnam |  | 12 |
| 8420180022 | Cuban missile crisis | a 13-day confrontation in October 1962 between the Soviet Union and the United States; Soviet missiles moved to Cuban soil in an agreement by Fidel Castro and Nikita Khrushchev; U.S. responds by blockading Cuba; Khrushchev and U.S. President John F. Kennedy reach an agreement in which the Soviets would remove their missiles from Cuba in return for an American promise not to invade Cuba | | 13 |
| 8420180023 | cultural imperialism | the practice of promoting or imposing one's culture on another, usually between powerful societies and less-powerful ones |  | 14 |
| 8420180024 | Cultural Revolution | also known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution; launched by Mao in the late 1960's; aimed to combat the capitalist tendencies he believed had penetrated even the highest ranks of the communist party itself; involved new policies to bring health care and education to the countryside and reinvigorate earlier efforts at rural industrialization under local control |  | 15 |
| 8420180025 | decolonization | the process of the dissolution of colonial territories and the establishment of independent nations |  | 16 |
| 8420180026 | Deng Xiaoping | lived from 1904 to 1997; successor to Mao Zedong; reformist who sought to incorporate The People's Republic of China into the world economy; dismantled collectivized farming, state enterprises given greater authority, welcomed foreign investment; crushed democracy movement in Beijing's Tiananmen Square | | 17 |
| 8420180027 | environmentalism | ideology which regards the environmental concerns | 18 | |
| 8420180028 | European Economic Community | Also known as the Common Market; founded in 1957; originally consisted of Italy, France, West Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg; expanded membership to almost all of Europe, including former communist states; renamed the European Union in 1994 | 19 | |
| 8420180029 | Fascism | political ideology which was intensely nationalistic; celebrated action and placed faith in charismatic leaders; and condemned individualism, liberalism, feminism, parliamentary democracy, and communism; adopted by Italy, Germany, and Japan in the years following World War I | | 20 |
| 8420180030 | Five Year Plan | a planned economy focused on rapid industrialization, in which a committee came together to determine rations | 21 | |
| 8420180031 | Gamel Abdel Nasser | lived from 1918 to 1970; second President of Egypt from 1956 to 1970; planned the overthrow of the monarchy and sought to nationalize the Suez Canal |  | 22 |
| 8420180032 | UN General Assembly | one of the six principal organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation; oversee the budget of the United Nations, appoint the non-permanent members to the Security Council, receive reports from other parts of the United Nations and make recommendations in the form of General Assembly Resolutions | | 23 |
| 8420180033 | genocide | the systematic destruction of all or part of a racial, ethnic, religious or national group |  | 24 |
| 8420180034 | Great Depression | economic depression as a result of the crash of the American stock market; lasted from 1929 until World War II; causes drop in world trade, loss of investment, and businesses unable to make profit; countries or colonies tied to exporting one or two products hardhit as the West consumed less; conditions resulting in the Great Depression led to widespread unemployment and social tensions | | 25 |
| 8420180035 | Great Leap Forward | lasted from 1958 to 1960; marked Mao's response to distortions of Chinese socialism; promoted smallscale industrialization in rural areas; tried to foster widespread and practical technological education for all rather than relying on a small elite of highly trained technical experts; envisioned an immediate transition to full communism in the "people's communes" rather than waiting for industrial development to provide the material basis for that transition; massive famine which followed temporarily discredited Mao's radicalism | 26 | |
| 8420180036 | Great Purges | also known as the Terror; period of immense paranoia in the Soviet Union of the late 1930's in which communist members accused each other being corrupted by capitalist ideals; enveloped tens of thousands of prominent communists, including all of Lenin's top associates, and millions more of ordinary peoples; based on suspicious associations in the past, denunciations by colleagues, connections to foreign countries, or bad luck; such people were arrested in the middle of the night, then tried and sentenced to either death or long harsh years in remote labor camps known as gulags; close to 1 million peoples executed between 1936 and 1941; additional 4 to 5 million people sent to the gulag, where they were forced to work in horrendous conditions and died in appalling numbers | 27 | |
| 8420180037 | Green Revolution | a series of research, and development, and technology transfer initiatives, occurring between the 1940s and the late 1960s, that increased agriculture production worldwide, particularly in the developing world | 28 | |
| 8420180038 | Adolf Hitler | lived from 1889 to 1945; leader of the Nazi party in Germany; chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945; dictator of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945 | | 29 |
| 8420180039 | Ho Chi Minh | lived from 1890 to 1969; Vietnamese communist revolutionary leader; was prime minister (from 1945 to 1955) and president (from 1945 to 1969) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam | | 30 |
| 8420180040 | Holocaust | the mass murder of approximately six million Jews during World War II; a program of systematic state-sponsored murder by Nazi Germany; led by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party | 31 | |
| 8420180041 | International Monetary Fund | IMF; established in 1944 by the Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire; sought to promote market economies, free trade, and high growth rates | 32 | |
| 8420180042 | Indian National Congress | INC; organization established in 1885; gave expression to the idea of India as a single nation; played a major role in India's independence movement from British colonial rule | 33 | |
| 8420180043 | Iranian Cultural Revolution | lasted from 1980 to 198; a period following the Iranian Revolution where intellectuals of Iran were purged of Western and non-Islamic influences to bring it in line with Shia Islam; closed universities between 1980 and 1983, banned many books, and purged thousands of students and lecturers from schools | 34 | |
| 8420180044 | iron curtain | the heavily fortified border between Eastern and Western Europe | 35 | |
| 8420180045 | Islamic renewal | also referred to as Islamic revival; refers to a renewing of the Islamic religion throughout the Islamic world, that began roughly sometime in 1970s; sought greater religious piety and a growing adoption of Islamic culture | 36 | |
| 8420180046 | Jawaharlal Nehru | lived from 1889 to 1964; first Prime Minister of India and was a leading figure in the independence movement against British rule over India | | 37 |
| 8420180047 | League of Arab States | a regional organization of Arab countries in and around North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and Southwest Asia; formed in Cairo in 1945 with six members: Egypt, Iraq, Transjordan (Jordan), Lebanon, Saudi Arabia and Syria; currently has 22 members | 38 | |
| 8420180048 | League of Nations | international peacekeeping organization founded as a result of the First World World; proposed by US president Woodrow Wilson; committed to the principle of "collective security" and intended to avoid the repetition of war | 39 | |
| 8420180049 | Mahatma Gandhi | lived from 1869 to 1948; leader of the Indian nationalist movement during British control over India; used nonviolent civil disobedience, such as hunger strikes | | 40 |
| 8420180050 | Mao Zedong | lived from 1893 to 1976; Chinese communist revolutionary and leader of the People's Republic of China from its establishment 1949 to his death in 1976 | | 41 |
| 8420180051 | Marshall Plan | plan which sought to rebuild and reshape devastated European economies; funneled Europe some $12 billion with numerous advisers and technicians; motivated by combination of humanitarian concern, a desire to prevent a new depression by creating overseas customers for American goods, and interest in undermining the growing appeal of European communist parties; required European nations to cooperate with one another | | 42 |
| 8420180052 | Mikhail Gorbachev | born in 1931; last general secretary of the Soviet Union (1985 to 1991); passed reforms such as perestroika and policies such as glasnost which led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union | | 43 |
| 8420180053 | military-industrial complex | the policy and monetary relationships which exist between legislators, national armed forces, and the military industrial base that supports them; include political contributions, political approval for military spending, lobbying to support bureaucracies, and oversight of the industry; most often used in reference to the system behind the military of the United States | 44 | |
| 8420180054 | Muhammad Ali Jinnah | lived from 1876 to 1948; founder of Pakistan and the leader of the All-India Muslim League until Pakistan's independence | | 45 |
| 8420180055 | Munich Conference | a conference in Munich which permitted Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along German borders mainly inhabited by German speakers; territory now known as "Sudetenland"; widely regarded as a failed act of appeasement toward Germany; agreement was signed in the early hours of 30 September 1938; agreement was signed by Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and Italy; Czechoslovakia not invited to the conference | 46 | |
| 8420180056 | Benito Mussolini | lived from 1883 to 1945; leader of the Italian National Fascist Party; prime minister of Italy from 1922 to 1943 | | 47 |
| 8420180057 | Mustafa Kemal Ataturk | lived from 1881 to 1938; founder and the first President of the Republic of Turkey; passed a series of reforms to transform the former Ottoman Empire into a modern, secular, and democratic nation | 48 | |
| 8420180058 | North American Free Trade Agreement | NAFTA; regional alliance founded in 1993 and consists of Canada, Mexico, and the United States; the world's second largest free-trade zone | 49 | |
| 8420180059 | North Atlantic Treaty Organization | NATO; a military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed in 1949; alliance in which its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party; consists of 28 member states across North America and Europe | | 50 |
| 8420180060 | Nazi Germany | a.k.a the Third Reich; lasted from 1933 to 1945; Germany under the leadership of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party | 51 | |
| 8420180061 | Nelson Mandela | lived from 1918 to 2013; South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and politician; President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999; served as President of the African National Congress from 1991 to 1997 | | 52 |
| 8420180062 | New Deal | a series of reforms proposed by United States President FDR; lasted from 1933 to 1942; experimental combination of reforms seeking to restart economic growth and prevent similar failures in the future; reflected the thinking of British economist John Maynard Keynes; argued that government actions and spending programs could moderate recessions and depressions; consisted of immediate programs of public spending (for dams, highways, bridges, and parks) and long-term reforms, such as the Social Security system, minimum wage, and various relief and welfare programs | 53 | |
| 8420180063 | non-governmental organization | NGO; an organization that is neither a part of a government nor a conventional for-profit business | 54 | |
| 8420180064 | Nikita Khrushchev | lived from 1894 to 1971; leader of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964; responsible for the de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union and backing of the Soviet space program | | 55 |
| 8420180065 | Osama bin Laden | lived from 1957 to 2011; Islamic militant who was the leader of the terrorist group al-Qaeda; mastermind behind the 9/11 attacks; played a key role in the US-backed effort to aid mujahideen who fought Soviet forces in Afghanistan | | 56 |
| 8420180066 | al-Qaeda | "the base"; terrorist organization formerly headed by Osama bin Laden; behind the 9/11 attacks | 57 | |
| 8420180067 | Palestinian Liberation Organization | PLO; an organization founded in 1964 with the purpose of creating an independent State of Palestine | 58 | |
| 8420180068 | Pan-Arabism | an ideology proposing the unification of the countries of North Africa and West Asia from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, referred to as the Arab World | 59 | |
| 8420180069 | Pan-Africanism | an ideology which encourages the unity of Africans worldwide | 60 | |
| 8420180070 | HIV/AIDS epidemic | epidemic which was first discovered in 1981 among homosexual men and intravenous drug users in New York and San Francisco; eventually became widespread around the world, particularly sub-Saharan Africa; virus attacks and destroys the immune system, which causes a fatal disorder in the immune system; spread through sexual contact with an infected person, contact with contaminated blood, and transmission from mother to child during pregnancy and breastfeeding | 61 | |
| 8420180071 | ebola epidemic | an epidemic caused by the Ebola virus; symptoms include fever, throat and muscle pains, headaches, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, and decreased functioning of the liver and kidneys; an 2014 outbreak in West Africa has led to a reported 142 deaths | 62 | |
| 8420180072 | influenza epidemic | an epidemic caused by the H1N1 influenza virus; lasted from 1918 to 1920; resulted in 50 to 100 million deaths, ranking it one of the most deadliest natural disasters in human history | 63 | |
| 8420180073 | perestroika | an economic program launched by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev which freed state enterprises from government regulation, permitted small-scale private businesses, offered opportunities for private farming, and welcomed foreign investment in joint enterprises | 64 | |
| 8420180074 | glasnost | a Soviet policy established by Mikhail Gorbachev which permitted cultural and intellectual freedoms | 65 | |
| 8420180075 | post-modernism | a late 20th Century movement in the arts, architecture, and criticism; includes skeptical interpretations of culture, literature, art, philosophy, history, economics, architecture, fiction, and literary criticism | 66 | |
| 8420180076 | Potsdam Conference | a conference which was held from July 17 to August 2, 1945; participants include the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States; gathered to decide how to punish Nazi Germany, sought to establish a post-war order, address peace treaty issues, and counter the effects of World War II | 67 | |
| 8420180077 | 1917 Russian Revolution | a collective term for the series of revolutions in 1917 which ousted Tsar Nicholas II and the tsarist autocracy and replaced it with the communist Bolshiveks | 68 | |
| 8420180078 | second-wave feminism | a period of feminist activity that first began in the United States in the early 1960s and eventually spread throughout the Western world; later became a worldwide movement that was strong in Europe and parts of Asia, such as Turkey and Israel; focused on sexuality, family, the workplace, reproductive rights, and various legal and de facto inequalities | 69 | |
| 8420180079 | UN Security Council | one of the six principal organs of the United Nations; in charge of the maintenance of international peace and security; this body is able to establish peacekeeping operations, establish international sanctions, and authorize military action through resolutions; the only UN body with the authority to issue binding resolutions to member states | | 70 |
| 8420180080 | space race | lasted from 1955 to 1972; a competition between the Soviet Union and the United States for supremacy in spaceflight capability; pioneered advancements such as artificial satellites, as well as manned and unmanned missions into outer space | 71 | |
| 8420180081 | sphere of influence | a concept in which a state or organization has a level of cultural, economic, military, or political exclusivity, accommodating to the interests of powers outside the sphere; examples include European "semi-colony" of China | 72 | |
| 8420180082 | Joseph Stalin | lived from 1878 to 1953; the leader of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1952; implemented a highly centralized command economy, which resulted in the transformation of Russian society from agrarian to industrialized; imprisoned millions in labor camps and deported many to remote areas; issued the Great Purges, in which hundreds of thousands, including many prominent communists, were executed | | 73 |
| 8420180083 | theory of relativity | theory which is composed of special relativity and general relativity; proposed by Albert Einstein; proposes that measurements of various quantities are relative to the velocities of observers, space and time should be considered together and in relation to each other (Spacetime), and the speed of light is constant | | 74 |
| 8420180084 | Third World | term which describes the countries that did not align with the Soviet Union or the United States | 75 | |
| 8420180085 | total war | war which requires the mobilization of each country's entire populations | 76 | |
| 8420180086 | transnational corporations | a.k.a multi-national corporation; an organization that owns or controls production or services facilities in one or more countries other than its home country | 77 | |
| 8420180087 | Treaty of Versailles | treaty which formally concluded the World War I in 1919; established the conditions for a World War II; Germany losses colonial empire and 15% of its European territory, required to pay heavy reparations to the winners, had its military forces severely restricted, and had to accept sole responsibility for the war; immense German resentment created from the treaty | | 78 |
| 8420180088 | trench warfare | type of warfare using occupied fighting lines consisting largely of trenches, in which troops are significantly protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery; resulted in enormous casualties while gaining or losing a few yards of ground during World War I | | 79 |
| 8420180089 | Truman Doctrine | an international relations policy set by the U.S. President Harry Truman in a speech on March 12, 1947; stated that the U.S. would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent them from falling into the Soviet sphere; often referred to as the beginning of the US policy of containment | | 80 |
| 8420180090 | United Nations | organization established in 1945 as a successor to the League of Nations; attempts to find solutions to global problems and deal with virtually any matter of concern to humanity | | 81 |
| 8420180091 | Vietnam War | war which occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1956 to 1975; U.S. entered the war to prevent South Vietnam from becoming communist, as a result of its containment policy; Soviet Union backed Northern Vietnamese forces in an attempt to spread communism to Southeast Asia; resulted in the unification of Vietnam under a communist government and the spread of communism to Cambodia and Laos | | 82 |
| 8420180092 | Weimar Republic | the federal republic and semi-presidential representative democracy established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government after World War I; lasted until the Nazi Party rose to power in 1933; faced numerous problems, including hyperinflation, political extremists and continuing contentious relationships with the victors of World War I | 83 | |
| 8420180093 | Winston Churchill | lived from 1874 to 1965; British politician; Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and from 1951 to 1955 | | 84 |
| 8420180094 | weapon of mass destruction | WMD; a weapon which has the capability to kill large numbers of people and decimate large swaths of land | 85 | |
| 8420180095 | Woodrow Wilson | lived from 1856 to 1924; 28th President of the United States (1913-1921); leader of the Progressive Movement; famous for his Fourteen Points, which sought to avoid another worldwide conflict | | 86 |
| 8420180096 | Fourteen Points | a statement given on January 8, 1918 by United States President Woodrow Wilson declaring that World War I was being fought for a moral cause and called for postwar peace in Europe | 87 | |
| 8420180097 | World Bank | a United Nations international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programs; its primary goal is to reduce poverty | 88 | |
| 8420180098 | World War I | war which lasted from 1914 to 1918; also known as the Great War; pitted the Allies (United Kingdom, France, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria); resulted in an Allied victory and Treaty of Versailles, which set the stage for another world war | | 89 |
| 8420180099 | World War II | war which lasted from 1939 to 1945; pitted the Allied Powers (Soviet Union, United Kingdom, United States, China and France) against the Axis Powers (Germany, Japan, and Italy); resulted in an Allied victory, the creation of the United Nations, and set the stage for the Cold War | | 90 |
| 8420180100 | World Trade Organization | WTO; established in 1994 by the 123 members of GATT; took over GATT activities in 1995; developed into a forum for settling international trade disputes | 91 | |
| 8420180101 | Yalta Conference | conference which lasted from February 4 to February 11, 1945; meeting attended by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Premier Joseph Stalin for the purpose of discussing Europe's post-war reorganization; convened in the Livadia Palace near Yalta in Crimea | | 92 |
| 8420180102 | Zionist Movement | the national movement of Jews and Jewish culture that supports the creation of a Jewish homeland in the territory defined as the Land of Israel | | 93 |
| 8420180103 | Brazilian Solution | Combination of dictatorship, violent repression, and gov't promotion of industrialization in South American countries | 94 | |
| 8420180104 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | A 1946 United Nations covenant binding signatory nations to the observance of specified rights. | 95 | |
| 8420180105 | nongovernmental organizations | Organizations that are not established or associated with any specific organizations. They may be recognized, however, they run on their own. Examples are Green Peace and Amnesty International. | 96 | |
| 8420180106 | Tiananmen Square | Site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openness in 1989. The demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life. | 97 | |
| 8420180107 | keiretsu | Japanese business groups after the post-WWII dismantling of the zaibatsu. They are Alliances of corporations each often centered around a bank. They dominate the post-WWII Japanese economy. | 98 | |
| 8420180108 | Salvador Allende | The first Marxist politician elected president in the Americas. He was elected president of Chile in 1970 and overthrown by a US-backed military coup in 1973. | 99 | |
| 8420180109 | NATO | An international organization created in 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty for purposes of collective security. | 100 | |
| 8420180110 | Warsaw Pact | An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO | 101 |
AP Language - Tri 2 Summative Vocabulary Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 9052523691 | anomaly | deviation from what is normal | 0 | |
| 9052529448 | colloquial | conversational | 1 | |
| 9052531253 | elusive | (adj.) difficult to catch or to hold; hard to explain or understand | 2 | |
| 9052531255 | emulate | to imitate with the intent of equaling or surpassing the model | 3 | |
| 9052533269 | exhaustive | thorough; complete | 4 | |
| 9052535722 | flagrant | extremely or deliberately shocking or noticeable | 5 | |
| 9052538265 | hamper | to hold back | 6 | |
| 9052540815 | ignominy | public shame, disgrace, or dishonor | 7 | |
| 9052540816 | illusory | deceptive; not real | 8 | |
| 9052543317 | pacifist | (n.) one who is against war or the use of violence; (adj.) opposing war or violence | 9 | |
| 9052548421 | debilitate | weaken | 10 | |
| 9052548422 | fastidious | hard to please | 11 | |
| 9052551749 | guile | deceit; trickery | 12 | |
| 9052551752 | gullible | easily deceived | 13 | |
| 9052554282 | intrepid | fearless, adventurous | 14 | |
| 9052556885 | meticulous | extremely careful; particular about details | 15 | |
| 9052556886 | paucity | an insufficient quantity or number | 16 | |
| 9052559498 | pithy | concise and full of meaning | 17 | |
| 9052559499 | truncate | to shorten | 18 | |
| 9052561641 | viable | practicable, capable of developing | 19 | |
| 9052563578 | acclaim | enthusiastic approval | 20 | |
| 9052563579 | acquiesce | (v.) to accept without protest; to agree or submit | 21 | |
| 9052566393 | advocate | to speak in favor of | 22 | |
| 9052566394 | aloof | reserved, distant | 23 | |
| 9052568249 | ambivalence | conflicting feelings | 24 | |
| 9052570428 | animosity | strong dislike; bitter hostility | 25 | |
| 9052570429 | decorum | appropriateness of behavior or conduct; propriety | 26 | |
| 9052575656 | hypocritical | professing feelings or virtues one does not have | 27 | |
| 9052580435 | impeccable | flawless | 28 | |
| 9052582695 | peripheral | marginal; outer | 29 | |
| 9052585779 | analogous | similar | 30 | |
| 9052585780 | facilitate | to make easier; to assist | 31 | |
| 9052589650 | integrity | honesty, decency | 32 | |
| 9052589651 | morose | (adj.) having a gloomy or sullen manner; not friendly or sociable | 33 | |
| 9052593655 | opportunist | one who takes advantage of every opportunity, whether or not it is moral to do so | 34 | |
| 9052593657 | restraint | holding back | 35 | |
| 9052595618 | sanction | permission; support | 36 | |
| 9052597897 | scrutinize | to observe carefully | 37 | |
| 9052597898 | tirade | long, harsh speech or verbal attack | 38 | |
| 9052600384 | uniformity | the state of being the same or homogeneous | 39 | |
| 9052602971 | feasible | possible, able to be done | 40 | |
| 9052602972 | incite | to arouse to action | 41 | |
| 9052604839 | incorrigible | not able to be corrected; beyond control | 42 | |
| 9052604840 | novelty | something new or unusual | 43 | |
| 9052607210 | obliterate | to destroy completely | 44 | |
| 9052607211 | obstinate | stubborn; unyielding | 45 | |
| 9052610416 | partisan | one-sided; prejudiced; committed to a party | 46 | |
| 9052612380 | rhetorical | pertaining to effective communication; insincere in language | 47 | |
| 9052615405 | somber | (adj.) dark, gloomy; depressed or melancholy in spirit | 48 | |
| 9052626332 | tenacity | firmness in holding fast; persistence | 49 |
AP World History Religions Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5064825323 | Why did we develop belief systems? | Because humans have always needed to understand natural phenomenon | 0 | |
| 5064825324 | Polytheism | Belief in many gods |  | 1 |
| 5064825325 | Monotheism | Belief in one God | 2 | |
| 5064825326 | Animism | -They practice nature worship -They believe that everything has a spirit -They communicated with and showed respect to ancestors. -It is practiced worldwide but mostly in Africa and the Americas. | 3 | |
| 5064825327 | Shinto | A Japanese religion whose followers believe that all things in the natural world are filled with divine spirits -"Way of the Gods" -Founded around the year 500 BCE -The Emperor of Japan was considered to be divine and a direct descendant of the Sun Goddess. | 4 | |
| 5064825328 | Hinduism | A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms. -Polytheistic -A result of cultural diffusion between the Aryans and other native people in India. -Practiced in India -The Vedas, Upanishads, etc.. were all significant writings. | 5 | |
| 5064825329 | Atman | The spiritual oneness of the soul | 6 | |
| 5064825330 | Brahman | The term for The Universal Soul in Hinduism. | 7 | |
| 5064825331 | Moksha | The Hindu concept of the spirit's 'liberation' from the endless cycle of rebirths. | 8 | |
| 5064825332 | Samsara | The endless cycle of birth, death, and rebirth | 9 | |
| 5064825333 | Reincarnation | In Hinduism and Buddhism, the process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achieves perfect understanding Basically Samsara | 10 | |
| 5064825334 | Karma | (Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation | 11 | |
| 5064825335 | Dharma | Fulfilling one's duty in life | 12 | |
| 5064825336 | Ahisma | That all life is sacred | 13 | |
| 5064825337 | Caste System | A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life | 14 | |
| 5064825338 | Judaism | -A religion with a belief in one god (Monotheistic) -It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people. -Practiced worldwide but most Jews are in Israel. -They have 10 commandments | 15 | |
| 5064825339 | Buddhism | A religion founded in India by Siddhartha Gautama which teaches that the most important thing in life is to reach peace by ending suffering. | 16 | |
| 5064825340 | The Four Noble Truths | The core of the Buddhist teaching. There is suffering. There is a cause to suffering. There is an end to suffering. The is a path out of suffering (the Noble 8-fold path). 1. Life is full of pain and suffering 2. human desire causes this suffering 3. By putting an end to desire, humans can end suffering 4. Humans can end desire by following the Eightfold Path | 17 | |
| 5064825341 | The Eightfold Path | 1. Know that suffering is caused by desire 2. Be selfless and love all life 3. Do not lie, or speak without a cause 4. Do not kill, steal, or commit other unrighteous acts 5. Do not do things which promote evil 6. Take effort to promote righteousness 7. Be aware of your physical actions, state of mind, and emotions. 8. Learn to meditate. | 18 | |
| 5064825342 | Confucianism | A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct. | 19 | |
| 5064825343 | Five Relationships in Confucianism: | - Ruler to ruled - Father to Son - Older brother to Younger brother - Husband to Wife - Friend to Friend | 20 | |
| 5064825344 | Three concepts needed to be practiced: | Ren or Jen: human kindness Li: a sense of propriety, courtesy, respect, and deference to elders Xiao: Filial Piety | 21 | |
| 5064825345 | Taoism or Daoism | an ideology whose central theme is the Way, a philosophy teaching that eternal happiness lies in total identification with nature and deploring passion, unnecessary invention; simple life of individuals -Ying and Yang is used to illustrate the natural harmony in the world. |  | 22 |
| 5064825346 | Christianity | A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior. -Also has the Ten Commandments -Believe in the Holy Trinity Christians take part in sacraments. | 23 | |
| 5064825347 | The Holy Trinity | The Creator (Father), Redeemer (Son), and the Sustainer (Holy Spirit) | 24 | |
| 5064825348 | Sacraments | Religious practices such as baptism and receiving the Eucharist. There are 7 sacraments in total. | 25 | |
| 5064825349 | Islam | A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims. | 26 | |
| 5064825350 | The Five Pillars of Islam | 1. Confession of Faith 2. Prayer 3. Charity 4. Fasting 5. Pilgrimage | 27 | |
| 5064825351 | Zoroastrianism | - A dualistic faith, this means they believe in two gods representing good and evil -It was very important during the Sassanid Persian Dynasty. | 28 | |
| 5064825352 | Legalism | Chinese philosophy developed by Hanfeizi; taught that humans are naturally evil and therefore need to be ruled by harsh laws | 29 |
AP World History Strayer Chapter 11 Vocabulary Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 8307366372 | Pastoralism | *Definition:* Way of life in which people depend on herding of domesticated animals for food. *Significance:* Revolution of domestication, kinship-based groups, women were higher status, a decreased in population, and utilized all land/military strength of Mongols. |  | 0 |
| 8307366373 | Modun | *Definition:* Great ruler of Xiongnu Empire (210 - 174) and created a centralized, hierarchical system. *Significance:* United and centralized political system and helped create a model for future empires. He had a role in the Chinese and Roman collapse. |  | 1 |
| 8307366374 | Xiongnu | *Definition:* People of the Mongolian steppe lands north of China who formed a large-scale nomadic empire. *Significance:* Created a huge military confederation and centralized societies. A model for Turkic/Mongol empires. |  | 2 |
| 8307366375 | Turks | *Definition:* Turkish speakers from Central Asia, originally monads. *Significance:* Created series of nomadic empires, had a lasting impact when they became dominant in the Islamic heartland. |  | 3 |
| 8307366376 | Almoravid Empire | *Definition:* Islamic religious movement in Africa, sparked by Ibn Yasin after returning from a pilgrimage to Mecca. *Significance:* Occupied much of NorthWest Africa and Southern Spain where it had considerable prosperity with the golden trade. (Formed from expansions and spread of Islam). |  | 4 |
| 8307366377 | Temujin/ Chinggis Khan | *Definition:* Mongolian emperor whose empire stretched from the Black Sea to Pacific. *Significance:* Universal ruler, hardships as a kid led him to be a powerful ruler. He unified Mongols, expanded the empire, and created the largest land connected empire. |  | 5 |
| 8307366378 | Mongol World War | *Definition:* Term used to describe military campaigns, massive killings, and empire building done by Chinggis Khan. *Significance:* This contained China, Korea, Central Asia, Russia, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe. It allowed Mongol rule to expand. |  | 6 |
| 8307366379 | Yuan Dynasty China | *Definition:* Mongol dynasty that ruled China (1271 - 1368). *Significance:* Moved capital of China to present-day Beijing. Showed how Mongols made use of Chinese practices and was a new beginning for China. | 7 | |
| 8307366380 | Khubilai Khan | *Definition:* Grandson of Chinggis Khan and Mongol ruler of China ( 1271 - 1294). *Significance: Examples of how Mongols in China made use of Chinese values such as Daoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and lowering taxes. |  | 8 |
| 8307366381 | Hulegu | *Definition:* Chinggis Khan's grandson who led the second assault on Persia (1251 - 1258). *Significance:* Became first il-Khan of Persia. He established and cemented Mongol presence in China. |  | 9 |
| 8307366382 | Khutulon | *Definition:* Girl, whose father was a Mongol ruler, excelled in horse riding, archery, wrestling, and military. *Significance:* She would only marry if they could beat her in wrestling. She eventually chose to marry. She shows the freedom of women under Mongol rule. She's also the reason men wrestle with open chests now. | 10 | |
| 8307366383 | Kipchak Khanate/ Golden Horde | *Definition:* Name of conquered Russia. *Significance:* Mongols had little to offer in steppe lands so they ruled from outside and exploited Russia. Moscow was the primary center for Mongol domination. Mongols were never actually in Russia. |  | 11 |
| 8307366384 | Black Death/Plague | *Definition:* Massive plague pandemic that swept through Eurasia (Bubonic plague) by fleas on rats. *Significance:* Fostered future economic growth for Europe and led to the decline of Mongol network and empire. Europe gained prominence. Lots of people died. |  | 12 |
First Sem AP World history finals Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 8468536475 | Quipu | (Andes region) system of record keeping, uses strings and knots. | 0 | |
| 8468536476 | Filal Piety | Respect for others | 1 | |
| 8468536477 | Hanseatic League | (Europe) early labor union | 2 | |
| 8468536478 | Astrolabe | Advice to determine latitude on land and sea | 3 | |
| 8468536479 | Mansa Musa | Ruler of Mali | 4 | |
| 8468536480 | Bedouin arabs | First nomadic arabs to convert to Islam | 5 | |
| 8468536481 | Chang'an | The capital city in China under the Tang dynasty was? | 6 | |
| 8468536482 | Shia Islam | is the belif that people should have Mohammeds descands as their leaders | 7 | |
| 8468536483 | Sufis | Mystics within Islam; responsible for expansion of Islam to southeastern Asia and other regions | 8 | |
| 8468536484 | Berbers--(s) | an indigenous people of North Africa in modern Algeria and Tunis. Facilitated trans Saharan trade and converted to Islam. | 9 | |
| 8468536485 | Monhenjo Daro | A major city of the Indus Valley civilization; flourished around 2000 BCE. Extensive infrastructure | 10 | |
| 8468536486 | Qanat System | Persian underground canal | 11 | |
| 8468536487 | Swahili Civilization | (East Africa) Decentralized, Indian Ocean trade | 12 | |
| 8468536488 | Chavin (notre Chico) | (Americas, Peru) Mayan dynasty. Blood letting and human sacrifice. | 13 | |
| 8468536489 | Sikhism | (India) combo of Hindu and Islam | 14 | |
| 8468536490 | Vikings | Scandinavian peoples whose sailors raided Europe from the 700s through the 1100s | 15 | |
| 8468536491 | Mauryan Empire | (Persia) centralized, used satrapy system | 16 | |
| 8468536492 | Phoenicians | Sailors, first to develop a writing system. Greeks and romans eventually adopted writing system. | 17 | |
| 8468536493 | Neolithic Revolution | The switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle is this revolution. | 18 | |
| 8468536494 | Pastoralism | Follow hearts. Don't farm. | 19 | |
| 8468536495 | Silla Dynasty | (Korea) political stability. | 20 | |
| 8468536496 | Tribute system | (E Asia) trade network between foreigners and nomads. Kowtow | 21 | |
| 8468536497 | Tang Dynasty | Chinese dynasty from 618 to 907, Golden age | 22 | |
| 8468536498 | Song Dynasty | the imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279; noted for art and literature and philosophy | 23 | |
| 8468536499 | NeoConfucianism | A new form of Confucianism in the Tang Dynasty, created to counter the growing influence of Buddhism | 24 | |
| 8468536500 | Sui Dynasty | 581-618 CE Built grand canal and Great Wall, restored centralized after war. | 25 | |
| 8468536501 | Genghis kahn | Mongol ruler, conquered land (1170s-1227) | 26 | |
| 8468536502 | Mongols | People from Central Asia when united ended up creating the largest single land empire in history. | 27 | |
| 8468536503 | Mecca | (Middle East) holy city of Islam, birthplace of Muhammad | 28 | |
| 8468536504 | Crusades | (Middle East and Europe) medieval military expedition recover holy land (11th-13th century) | 29 | |
| 8468536505 | Bubonic Plague | a deadly contagious disease caused by bacteria and spread by fleas; also called the Black Death | 30 | |
| 8468536506 | Abbassids | a dynasty of calphis ruling at Baghdad, a.d. 750-1258 claiming descent from Abbas, uncle of Muhammed | 31 | |
| 8468536507 | Islam | the religion of Muslims collectively which governs their civilization and way of life | 32 | |
| 8468536508 | Shang Dynasty | The Chinese dynasty that ruled the area around the Huang He from 1700 to 1122 B.C.E. | 33 | |
| 8468536509 | Shi Huangdi | First emperor of China; leader of the Qin Dynasty | 34 | |
| 8468536510 | Paleolithic Era | the first part of the Stone Age; when people first used stone tools | 35 | |
| 8468536511 | Mesopotamia | Birthplace of the Sumerian civilization among many others. | 36 | |
| 8468536512 | Olmec | (Mesoamerica) The 1st civilization known for sculpting huge stone heads. | 37 | |
| 8468536513 | Ziggurats | temples built by Sumerians to honor the gods and goddesses they worshipped | 38 | |
| 8468536514 | Cuneiform | A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets. | 39 | |
| 8468536515 | Heiroglyphics | ancient Egyptian writing system using picture symbols for ideas or sounds | 40 | |
| 8468536516 | Hammurabi's Code | a set of laws that governed life in the Babylonian empire | 41 | |
| 8468536517 | Hebrew Scriptures | Torah, Old Testament | 42 | |
| 8468536518 | Zoroastrianism | system of religion founded in Persia in the 6th century BC by Zoroaster noun | 43 | |
| 8468536519 | Vedic Religion | a historical predecessor of modern Hinduism, concerned with disorder and order | 44 | |
| 8468536520 | Patriarchy | A form of social organization in which males dominate females | 45 | |
| 8468536521 | Mandate of Heaven | in Chinese history, the divine approval thought to be the basis of royal authority | 46 | |
| 8468536522 | Aryan Migrations | began 1500 BCE in India | 47 | |
| 8468536523 | Bantu Migration | Large movement of Africans from the Niger River Valley in 1,000 B.C. | 48 | |
| 8468536524 | Animism | the attribution of a soul to plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena. | 49 | |
| 8468536525 | ancestor veneration | Belief that deceased family members have a continued existence, that the spirits of deceased ancestors will look after the family. | 50 | |
| 8468536526 | Caste System | divided Indian society into groups based on a person's birth, wealth, or occupation | 51 | |
| 8468536527 | Reincarnation | Hindu and Buddhist belief that souls are reborn into new bodies over and over. | 52 | |
| 8468536528 | Buddhism | a religion founded in ancient India by the religious teacher Buddha | 53 | |
| 8468536529 | Monasticism | The lifestyle of a monk or nun, characterized by prayer and solitude | 54 | |
| 8468536530 | Ashoka | a ruler of the Mauryan Empire who converted to Buddhism | 55 | |
| 8468536531 | Missionaries | people who work to spread their religious beliefs | 56 | |
| 8468536532 | Merchants | a person whose business is buying and selling goods | 57 | |
| 8468536533 | Daoism | A religion in China which emphasizes the removal from society and to become one with nature. | 58 | |
| 8468536534 | Confucianism | a system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius and developed by Mencius. | 59 | |
| 8468536535 | Jesus | Founder of Christianity | 60 | |
| 8468536536 | Greek Philosophy | the rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics | 61 | |
| 8468536537 | Hellenistic Era | period when the Greek language and Greek ideas spread to the non-Greek peoples of southwest Asia. Alexander the Great | 62 | |
| 8468536538 | Alexandria | City in Egypt founded by Alexander the Great, center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization | 63 | |
| 8468536539 | Persian Empire | Large empire in southern Asia. Fought against the Greeks in the Persian Wars. | 64 | |
| 8468536540 | Roman Empire | an empire that, at its height, around 200 C.E., spanned the Mediterranean world and most of Europe | 65 | |
| 8468536541 | Constantine | Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337) | 66 | |
| 8468536542 | Pax Romana | A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180. | 67 | |
| 8468536543 | Qin Empire | (246 BC to 206 BC) established first centralized imperial government and built much of the Great Wall. | 68 | |
| 8468536544 | Han Empire | (206 BC to AD 220) Imperial dynasty that ruled China | 69 | |
| 8468536545 | Mayan city states | (Mesoamerica) 250 AD, golden age of Maya Empire. grew over 49 cities. Large population | 70 | |
| 8468536546 | Silk Road | Connected China, India, and the Middle East. Traded goods and helped to spread culture. | 71 | |
| 8468536547 | Indian Ocean Trade | world's richest maritime trading network that was essential for the prosperity of East Africa | 72 | |
| 8468536548 | magnetic compass | Chinese invention that aided navigation by showing which direction was north | 73 | |
| 8468536549 | Lateen sails | A triangular sail attached to a short mast | 74 | |
| 8468536550 | Timbuktu | Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning | 75 | |
| 8468536551 | Transaharan Trade Routes | route in which salt and iron were traded for gold | 76 | |
| 8468619458 | Ibn Battuta | Arab traveler who described African societies and cultures in his travel records | 77 | |
| 8468619459 | Grand Canal | great canal system begun by Yangdi; joined Yellow River region to the Yangtze basin | 78 | |
| 8468619460 | Foot binding | Practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller | 79 | |
| 8468619461 | Xiongnu | Nomads who lived in the Gobi Desert; invaded China; Wall of China was constructed to keep them out | 80 | |
| 8468619462 | Marco Polo | Italian explorer who wrote about his travels to Central Asia and China. | 81 | |
| 8468619463 | Byzantine Empire | Eastern half of the Roman Empire that survived the fall of the Western half. | 82 | |
| 8468619464 | Roman Catholic | the Christian Church based in the Vatican and presided over by a pope and an episcopal hierarchy | 83 | |
| 8468619465 | Feudalism | (Europe) political system based on bonds of loyalty between lords and vassals | 84 | |
| 8468619466 | Samurai | Class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land. | 85 | |
| 8468619467 | Islam | Submission to the will of Allah | 86 | |
| 8468619468 | Sharia Law | the system of Islamic law, based on varying degrees of interpretation of the Qu'ran | 87 | |
| 8468619469 | Ummah | Muslim community of believers | 88 |
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