AP Psychology History & Approaches Flashcards
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| 5819947991 | empiricism/empirical methods | Information is collected by objective observations and experimentation using the scientific method. |  | 0 |
| 5819947992 | structuralism | An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind (WUNDT, TITCHENER). |  | 1 |
| 5819947993 | functionalism | A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish (JAMES). |  | 2 |
| 5819947994 | behaviorism/behavioral perspective | A theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior (LEARNING, REWARDS, PUNISHERS) |  | 3 |
| 5819947995 | humanistic perspective | Perspective that emphasizes the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth (NEEDS, SELF-ACTUALIZATION) |  | 4 |
| 5819947996 | biological/biopsychological perspective | Looking at the physical and genetic determines of behavior (BRAIN, BODY, GENES, HORMONES) |  | 5 |
| 5819947997 | psychology | Scientific study of behavior and mental processes | 6 | |
| 5819947998 | nature-nurture issue | The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors |  | 7 |
| 5819947999 | Survival of the Fittest (Natural Selection) | Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully (related to evolutionary approach) |  | 8 |
| 5819948000 | biopsychosocial approach | An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis (ECLECTIC) |  | 9 |
| 5819948001 | evolutionary perspective | A relatively new specialty in psychology that sees behavior and mental processes in terms of their genetic adaptations for survival and reproduction (SURVIVAL VALUE, OFFSPRING) |  | 10 |
| 5819948002 | psychodynamic/psychoanalytic perspective | A branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders (UNCONSCIOUS, CHILDHOOD) |  | 11 |
| 5819948003 | cognitive perspective | an approach to psychology that emphasizes internal mental processes (THINKING!) |  | 12 |
| 5819948004 | social-cultural perspective | the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking (SOCIETY, CULTURE, GROUPS) |  | 13 |
| 5819948005 | psychometrics | the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits |  | 14 |
| 5819948006 | basic research | Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base. |  | 15 |
| 5819948007 | developmental psychology | A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span |  | 16 |
| 5819948008 | educational psychology | the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning |  | 17 |
| 5819948009 | personality psychology | the study of an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting | 18 | |
| 5819948010 | social psychology | The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another | 19 | |
| 5819948011 | applied psychology | The branch of psychology concerned with everyday, practical problems, e.g., a psychologist who works directly with a client with problems is considered an applied psychologist | 20 | |
| 5819948012 | industrial-organizational psychology | application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces (HR help, employee incentive programs) |  | 21 |
| 5819948013 | human factors psychology | A branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use (psychology + engineering) |  | 22 |
| 5819948014 | counseling psychology | A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being |  | 23 |
| 5819948015 | clinical psychology | A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders |  | 24 |
| 5819948016 | psychiatry | A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical/drug treatments as well as psychological therapy. Medical degree M.D. |  | 25 |
| 5819948017 | Wilhelm Wundt | Opened the first psychology lab in 1879 and is known as the father of psychology |  | 26 |
| 5819948018 | Mary Calkins | Denied Harvard PhD, but became first female head of American Psychological Association. |  | 27 |
| 5819948019 | Margaret Floy Washburn | First women to get a PhD in psychology. |  | 28 |
| 5819948020 | Gestalt psychology | Focuses on how we organize the world around us - perception. We create order out of chaos and make things "whole". |  | 29 |
| 5819948021 | Sigmund Freud | Most famous psychologist of all time. Developed the psychoanalytic approach. Ideas heavily influenced by Darwin. |  | 30 |
| 5819948022 | John Locke | Nurture. "tabula rasa" - we are born a blank slate. |  | 31 |
| 5819948023 | Plato and Socrates | Knowledge is inborn/innate (NATURE) |  | 32 |
| 5819948024 | Aristotle | Knowledge comes from experience (NURTURE) |  | 33 |
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Chapter 23 (AP World History) Flashcards
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| 9227203850 | Anarchism | A political theory favoring the abolition of governments | 0 | |
| 9227203852 | Cartel | A formal organization of producers that agree to coordinate prices and production | 1 | |
| 9227206444 | Evolutionary socialism | wants to seize power by winning elections, the legal and democratic way | 2 | |
| 9227214900 | Home rule | Local self-government | 3 | |
| 9227216600 | Mass education | The extension of formal schooling to wide segments of the population. | 4 | |
| 9227218188 | Mass leisure | Wide segments of the population engaged in leisure activities on weekends | 5 | |
| 9227220743 | Mass society | A society in which prosperity and bureaucracy have weakened traditional social ties | 6 | |
| 9227223385 | Plutocrats | members of the wealthy class that control the government a person whose power derives from their wealth | 7 | |
| 9227223386 | Tariffs | Taxes on imported goods | 8 | |
| 9227225790 | Revisionism | The socialist idea that we should embrace socialism in a gradual advance, with no bloody war | 9 |
AP World History Chapter 11 Flashcards
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| 8362627426 | Pastoral People: SPICE | 1) S: women had higher status/fewer restrictions/greater public role; organized into family/kinship groups. 2) P: Organized into kinship; occasional rulers; mostly fragmented 3) I: Migrated according to the weather/environment 4) C: Manichaeism and religiously tolerant 5) E: Relied on agricultural neighbors for trade and lived off their animals | 0 | |
| 8362711100 | Mongols: Good | -Postal system -United east and west -Tolerant of religions -Fixed area from crusades -Was cruel, but to have people obey -Didn't destroy churches -Technological innovations -Catalyst for arts and sciences -World connections | 1 | |
| 8386992143 | Mongols: Bad | -Killed 18 million people -Destroyed cities -Merciless battle tactics -Cared more about money and riches than their people -Strict policies/ways of life -Violence was justified -Killed animals!! -Cruel ways of treating people | 2 | |
| 8387021970 | Genghis Khan | -United and led the Mongols -Capitalized alliances and communications -Charismatic -Relied on FRIENDS, not family | 3 | |
| 8387037876 | Mongol Women | -Mostly responsible for children -Strong -Skilled as men (wrestle, archery, horseback) -Political leaders -Higher status -Initiate divorce and remarry -Loading camels and carts | 4 |
AP Literature Terms 60-70 Flashcards
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| 5356462555 | feminine rhyme | lines rhymed by their final two syllables. A pair of lines ending with Running and gunning is an example of a feminine rhyme. | 0 | |
| 5356474166 | first person narrator | the one who tells the story and participates in its action | 1 | |
| 5356474167 | foil | a secondary character whose purpose is to highlight the characteristics of the main character usually by contrast. | 2 | |
| 5356485504 | foot | the basic rhythmic unit of a line of poetry. . | 3 | |
| 5356492131 | foreshadowing | an event or statement that suggests something larger | 4 | |
| 5356497148 | free verse | poetry written without a rhyme scheme | 5 | |
| 5356499070 | genre | subcategory of literature | 6 | |
| 5356501497 | gothic | Gothicis the sensibility derived from gothic novels. This form first showed up in the middle of the eighteenth century and had a heyday popularity for about sixty.years' It hasn't really ever gone away. The sensibility? Think myiterious *1"9*, 6nstles ry1ched high upon sheer cuffs. paintiigs with Jirrirtu, eyeballs'that follow you around the room. Weird screams from the attic each night. Diaries with a final entry that trails off tnu page and reads something iike, No, NOI /T COULDN'T BE! | 7 | |
| 5356514736 | hubris | Excessive pride | 8 | |
| 5356516714 | hyperbole | exaggeration or deliberate over statement | 9 |
AP Literature Terms Flashcards
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| 7689665694 | Allusion | a reference to another literary work, a historical event, the Bible, or current event. | 0 | |
| 7689670324 | Assonance | the repetition of vowel sounds in a line or in lines of poetry. | 1 | |
| 7689674051 | Blank Verse | Written in iambic pentameter, that mimics natural speech (non-rhyming) | 2 | |
| 7689679822 | Caesura | a pause within a line of poetry, sometimes punctuated, and it often mirrors natural speech | 3 | |
| 7689689577 | Carpe Diem | a Latin phrase that means "seize the day" | 4 | |
| 7689693496 | Diction | word choice- diction must always be named AND described | 5 | |
| 7689700592 | Ekphrastic Poetry | a poem written about another work of art (in a different form, not literature) | 6 | |
| 7689709559 | Elegy | a poem written to contemplate death and mortality, and it can be about someone who passed. | 7 | |
| 7689722772 | End Stopped Line | a line that ends with punctuation that causes the reader to pause | 8 | |
| 7689727588 | Enjambment | a poetic technique in which one line ends without a pause and must continue on to the next line to complete meaning | 9 | |
| 7689738322 | Free Verse | no regular rhyme scheme or regular meter (can rhyme) | 10 | |
| 7689741854 | Iambic Pentameter | consists of an unstressed syllable, followed by a stressed syllable, repeated 5 times (ten syllables) | 11 | |
| 7689750387 | Meter | the organization of stressed and unstressed syllables measured feet. | 12 | |
| 7689756191 | Ode | a form of poetry used to address a single object, person, or condition | 13 | |
| 7689760156 | Refrain | a line, lines, or stanzas that repeats at intervals. | 14 | |
| 7689764618 | Internal Rhyme | a rhyme that occurs within a line | 15 | |
| 7689767198 | Slant Rhyme | (aka near rhyme) a rhyme that pairs sounds that are similar but not exactly the same | 16 | |
| 7689772374 | Eye Rhyme | (aka sight rhyme) a rhyme that only works because the words look the same. | 17 | |
| 7689778136 | Style | the way a literary work is written, including diction, syntax, imagery, and other figuritive elements | 18 | |
| 7689786368 | Stanza | lines in a poem that the poet has chosen to group together | 19 | |
| 7689789995 | Tone | the authors attitude toward his/her subject | 20 | |
| 7689792612 | Villanelle | a form of poetry in which five trecets are followed by a quatrain. | 21 | |
| 7689802064 | Alliteration | the repetition of consonant sounds in a line or lines. | 22 | |
| 7689805282 | Syntax (poetry) | includes the arrangement of words into lines where they break or not break, the use of caesura and enjambment, and line length | 23 | |
| 7689813551 | Oxymoron | two words that directly contradict each other but make sense in context | 24 |
AP Literature Terms - Poetry (Structure) Flashcards
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| 7829826298 | Alliteration | The repetition at close intervals of the initial consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words | 0 | |
| 7829841998 | Anapest | A metrical foot consisting of two unaccented syllables followed by one accented syllable | 1 | |
| 7829849079 | Anapestic Meter | A meter in which a majority of the feet are anapests | 2 | |
| 7829857017 | Approximate Rhyme | A term used for words in a rhyming pattern that have some ind of sound correspondance but are not perfect rhymes | 3 | |
| 7829869745 | Assonance | The repetition at close intervals of the vowel sounds of accented syllables or important words | 4 | |
| 7829889998 | Ballad Meter | Stanzas formed of quatrains of iambs in which the first and third lines have four stresses (tetrameter) and the second and fourth lines have three stresses (trimeter) | 5 | |
| 7829919807 | Blank Verse | Poetry with a meter, but not rhymed, usually in iambic pentameter | 6 | |
| 7829926084 | Consonance | The repetition at close intervals of the final consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words | 7 | |
| 7829931518 | Couplet | Two successive lines, usually in the same meter, linked by rhyme | 8 | |
| 7829937375 | Dactyl | A metrical foot consisting of one accented syllable followed by two unaccented syllables | 9 | |
| 7829944965 | Dactylic Meter | A meter in which a majority of the feet are dactyls | 10 | |
| 7829954151 | End Rhyme | Rhymes that occur at the end of lines | 11 | |
| 7829962348 | End-Stopped Line | A line that ends with a natural speech pause, usually marked by punctuation | 12 | |
| 7829991763 | Enjambment | Run-on line, a line which has no natural speech pause at its end, allowing the sense to flow uninterruptedly into the succeeding line | 13 | |
| 7830012935 | English (Shakespearean) Sonnet | A sonnet rhyming ababcdcdefefgg. Its content or structure ideally parallels the rhyme scheme, falling into three coordinate quatrains and concluding couplet | 14 | |
| 7830040884 | Feminine Rhyme | A rhyme in which the stress is on teh penultimate (second from last) syllable of the words | 15 | |
| 7830054164 | Foot | The baic unit used in the scansion or measurement of verse | 16 | |
| 7830058986 | Free Verse | Nonmetrical verse | 17 | |
| 7830065323 | Half Rhyme | (Sometimes called slant rhyme, sprung, near rhyme, etc.) is consonance on the final consonants of the word involved | 18 | |
| 7830092948 | Heroic Couplet | Poems constructed by a sequence of two lines of (usually rhyming) verse in iambic pentameter | 19 | |
| 7830103410 | Iamb | A metrical foot consisting of one unaccented syllable followed by one accented syllable | 20 | |
| 7830111429 | Iambic Meter | A meter in which the majority of feet are iambs, the most common English meter | 21 | |
| 7830118037 | Internal Rhyme | A rhyme in which one or both of the rhyme-words occur within the line | 22 | |
| 7830132178 | Italian (Petrarchan) Sonnet | A sonnet consisting of an octave rhyming abbaabba and of a sestet using any arrangement of two or three additional rhymes, such as cdcdcd or cdecde | 23 | |
| 7830143657 | Masculine Rhyme | A rhyme in which the stress is on the final syllable of the words | 24 | |
| 7830147443 | Meter | Regularized rhythm; an arrangement of language in which the accents occur at apparently equal intervals in time | 25 | |
| 7830164903 | Octave | 1. An eight-line stanza 2. The first eight lines of a sonnet, especially one structured in the manner of an Italian sonnet | 26 | |
| 7830177150 | Perfect Rhyme | A rhyme in which is when the later part of the word or phrase is identical sounding to another | 27 | |
| 7830187749 | Pentameter | A metrical line containing five feet | 28 | |
| 7830190642 | Quatrain | 1. A four-line stanza 2. A four-line division of a sonnet marked off by its rhyme scheme | 29 | |
| 7830199526 | Refrain | A repeated word, phrase, line, or group of lines, normally at some fixed position in a poem written in stanziac form | 30 | |
| 7830218201 | Rhyme | The repetition of an identical or similarly accented sound or sounds in a work | 31 | |
| 7830226452 | Rhyme Scheme | Any fixed pattern of rhymes characterizing a whole poem or its stanzas | 32 | |
| 7830230461 | Scansion | The process of measuring verse, that is, of marking accented and unaccented syllables, dividing the lines into feet, identifying the metrical pattern, and noting significant variations from that pattern | 33 | |
| 7830244730 | Sestet | 1. A six-line stanza 2. The last six lines of a sonnet structured on the Italian model | 34 | |
| 7830251268 | Spondee | A metrical foot consisting of two syllables equally or almost equally accented | 35 | |
| 7830262505 | Stanza | A group of lines whose metrical pattern is repeated throughout a poem | 36 | |
| 7830268657 | Syntax | The arrangement of words to form phrases, clauses and sentences | 37 | |
| 7830273906 | Terza Rima | A three-line stanza form borrowed from the Italian poets. The rhyme scheme is: aba, bcb, cdc, ded, etc. | 38 | |
| 7830283231 | Tetrameter | A metrical line containing four feet | 39 | |
| 7830286222 | Trimeter | A metrical line containing three feet | 40 | |
| 7830294539 | Triple Meter | A meter in which a majority of the feet contain three syllables | 41 | |
| 7830299342 | Trochaic Meter | A meter in which the majority of feet are trochees | 42 | |
| 7830305574 | Trochee | A metrical foot consisting of one accented syllable followed by one unaccented syllable | 43 |
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