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AP World History Periodization Flashcards

Contains twenty important dates and some helpful notes on the most important happenings of each historical period.

6827446260	476	Fall of the Western Roman Empire	0
6827446261	622	Founding of Islam (Muhammad journeys from Mecca to Medina)	1
6827446262	1054	Great Schism in Christianity	2
6827446263	1095	Crusades begin	3
6827446264	1271	Yuan Dynasty begins (Mongols)	4
6827446265	1347	Black Death in Europe	5
6827446266	1453	Fall of Constantinople to Ottoman Turks	6
6827446267	1492	Columbus reaches the new world	7
6827446268	1517	Posting of the 95 Theses	8
6827446269	1600	Tokugawa Shogunate begins	9
6827446270	1689	Glorious Revolution/English Bill of Rights	10
6827446271	1776	American Revolution	11
6827446272	1815	Congress of Vienna	12
6827446273	1917	Russian Revolution	13
6827446274	1918	End of World War I	14
6827446275	1929	Stock Market Crash	15
6827446276	1945	End of World War II	16
6827446277	1979	Iranian Revolution (Beginning of western Islamophobia)	17
6827446278	1989	Autumn Revolutions of Eastern Europe (End of Communism)	18
6827446279	1994	Nelson Mandela elected President of South Africa	19
6827446280	600 BCE to 600 CE	Classical civilizations (Mauryan, Gupta, Qin, Han, Roman, Maya), large-scale agriculture, rise of patriarchy. Calendars, primitive farming tools, trade of small luxury items.	20
6827446281	600-1450 CE	Islam, Crusades, Byzantine Empire, Mongols. Navigation, warfare, and shop building facilitates increased trade and interaction. Trade on Silk Road, Mediterranean, trans-Saharan.	21
6827446282	1450-1750 CE	European Enlightenment, Scientific Revolution, maritime empires, and age of exploration. Gunpowder empires, rise of Asian isolationism (Ming/Qing/Tokugawa), strict patriarchy.	22
6827446283	1750-1900 CE	Enlightenment Revolutions (American, French, Latin American), global imperialism, Industrial Revolution, women join workforce (slightly less patriarchal	23
6827446284	1900-Present	World Wars, communism, Cold War, decolonization, globalization, successful feminist movements	24

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World History AP ch 22 Flashcards

straight from the review folks.

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4365413195	1. List the sources of disappointment to the Europeans who arrived in Asia in the 16th and 17th centuries.	Few asian people interested in Christianity	0
4365413193	2. Describe the ultimate task of all the explorations launched by the Europeans from the 14th century onward.	To find a sea link between Europe and Asia	1
4365413199	3. Name the peoples who had preceded the Portuguese in entering the markets of South and Southeast Asia.	Muslims	2
4365413197	4. Explain the Portuguese lesson learned at Calicut.	That Asia was not interested in products they had to offer	3
4365413196	5. Explain what factor convinced the Europeans that they could make little headway against the kingdoms of Asia.	They quickly realized that however feisty and well-armed they might be, they were far too few in numbers to make much headway	4
4365413198	6. Explain the initial Portuguese response to the encounter at Calicut.	They had to tap their small supply of silver and discovered that Asian merchants would accept it. Meant that they had been beaten by the Muslims.	5
4365413203	7. Explain the significance of the mainland kingdoms and island states of Southeast Asia that surrounded the 3 great manufacturing zones of the Asian sea trading network.	They fed mainly raw materials, precious metals, and forest materials into the trade network	6
4365413200	8. Name the products that were associated with the Arab zone of the Asian sea trading network.	Glass, Carpet, and Tapestries	7
4365413201	9. Name the products that were associated with the Indian zone of the Asian sea trading network.	Cotton Textiles	8
4365413208	14. Describe the nature of the Asian sea trading network.	Livelihood and to make profits for princes or merchants. Exchanges within system were peaceful. Informal rules over the centuries for commercial and culture	9
4365413194	Name whose voyages of exploration opened the way for the Europeans to the Indies.	Vasco De Gama	10
4365413202	Name the products that were associated with the Chinese zone of the Asian sea trading network.	Paper, Porcelain , Silk Textiles	11
4365413204	Name the raw material most highly valued in the Asian sea trading network.	Spices	12
4365413205	Name the item that was most likely to be exchanged within the ports of each of the main trading zone rather than over great distances between zones.	Rice, Livestock, Timber	13
4365413206	Explain the nature of the sea routes in the Asian trading network.	No central Control, military force was usually absent from commercial exchanges within. Established coastal routes, crucial landmarks.	14
4365413207	Name the place which was one of the crucial points in the Asian sea trading network where trade converged.	Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Straits of Malacca	15
4365413209	Explain why the Portuguese were unwilling to exchange bullion for products within the Asian commercial system.	They were unwilling to both follow the informal rules and to forgo the possibilities for profit that a sea route to Asia presented	16
4365413210	Explain why the Portuguese believed that they could successfully enter the Asian sea trading by force.	They could offset their lack of numbers and trading goods with their superior ships and weaponry	17
4365413211	Name the sea battle that the Portuguese won over a combined fleet of Egyptian and Indian vessels in 1509.	Diu	18
4365413212	Name the fortified trading port established by the Portuguese in the early 16th centur	Malacca	19
4365413213	Name the trade that the Portuguese intended to monopolize within the Asian trading network.	They intended to monopolize over key asian products: spices (e.g. cinnamon)	20
4365413214	Explain how successful the Portuguese monopoly was on the Asian products.	They managed for some decades to manage the flow of spices, which would fund their plans for empire. But control of the market and key condiments deluded them	21
4365413215	Name the country that succeeded the Portuguese as the most successful European entrant into the Asian sea trading network.	The country of Holland.	22
4365413216	Name where the chief Dutch trading fortress and port are located in Southeast Asia.	At Batavia on the island of Java	23
4365413217	Explain how the Dutch commercial strategy within the Asian trade network differed from that of the Portuguese.	Had more numerous, better armed ships and went about the business of monopoly control in a more systematic control. Wiped out island people who cultivated the spices.	24
4365413218	Explain how the Dutch and English participation within the Asian sea trading network changed by the middle decades of the 17th century.	The demand for spices declined and their futile efforts to gain control over crops such as pepper that were grown in many places became more and more expensive	25
4365413219	Name the treaty in 1757 that reduced the Javanese princes to vassals to the Dutch East India Company.	Treaty of Gijanti	26
4365413220	Name the area of the Philippines that the Spanish were able to conquer.	LuZon	27
4365413221	Name the groups that the Roman Catholic missionaries enjoyed some success.	American Indian peoplez	28
4365413222	Name the Jesuit missionary that was responsible for creating the strategy of converting Hindu elites as a means of achieving mass conversions.	Robert Di nobili	29
4365413223	Name the similarity of the Spanish conversion of the Filipinos to their experience in the Americas.	They converted the local leaders and directed them to build local settlements in town squares where the local church was. Like Iberia. Like the American Indian people, most people were formally converted to Catholicism both were blends..	30
4365413224	List the European contributions to the Asian sea trading network.	European's need for safe harbors led to the establishment of trading centers. Also resulted in the gradual decline of existing cultures. Added several new routes to Asian trading network. Sea warfare was introduced.	31
4365413225	Name the first Ming emperor of China	Zhu Yuan Zhang	32
4365413226	List the reforms introduced by the first Ming emperor.	Allowed scholars into high places, made the education system better	33
4365413227	Name the reform instituted by the first Ming emperor to reduce court factionalism and the power of the scholar-gentry.	To cut on it, he said that the emperor's wives could only come from peasantry. He warned against allowing UNIX to enter the city. Established practice of exiling all potential threats.	34
4365413228	List the Ming reforms in favor of the peasantry.	Lowered forced labor demands on peasantry, promoted silk and craft that provided sustenance. He decreed that unoccupied lands would become the tax exemptions of those who got the land and cultivated it.	35
4365413229	Characterize the Ming social organization.	Scholar-Gentry began to take control again.	36
4365413230	List the reasons that are in part responsible for the peopling of the Yangtze region in the southern part of China during the Ming era.	Given a great boost by the importation of new crops from the Americas	37
4365413231	Name where the foreigners were permitted to do business in China during the Ming era.	Yangtze Region	38
4365413232	Describe the Ming economy.	The market sector of the domestic economy was very pervasive and overseas tradin multiplied, because of china's advanced handicraft industries produced a wide variety of goods from silk textiles and tea to ceramics that were in high demand. China was in favor. Merchant classes benefited the mozt	39
4365413233	In terms of literature, name the chief accomplishment of the Ming era.	The Chinese novel developed, their achievements in the arts were impressive	40
4365413234	Name the Ming emperor who launched commercial expeditions to Southeast Asia	Yung Glo	41
4365413235	Explain why the Chinese abandoned the commercial voyages of the Zhenghe expeditions.	Basically there wasn't very many tangible returns,and it was argued that they were a luxury that the empire couldn't afford	42
4365413236	Explain how the Jesuit missionaries maintained their positions at the court of the Ming emperors.	Their scientific knowledge and technical skills were the keys to maintaining a prescence, astounding the scholar gentry and emperor	43
4365413237	Name the group who successfully asserted its control over China following the collapse of the Ming dynasty	Jurchens or Manchus	44
4365413238	Name the dynasty that succeeded the Ming in China.	Qing	45
4365413239	Name the military centralizers of Japan.	Nobunga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Tokugawa Ieyasu.	46
4365413240	Name the year that the Tokugawa Shogunate was founded.	1603	47
4365413241	Explain why the earliest of the Japanese military centralizers accepted Christian missionaries.	Because Nobunga delighted in wearing Western clothes and all things western appealed to him.	48
4365413242	List the policies imposed as a result of Japanese isolation in the 17th century.	Strong Chinese and Japanese rulers limited trading contacts with the aggressive Europeans and confined European merchants to a few ports, change mainly arouse from internal factors. Continuity was ensured by the persistence of centuries-old cultural and social patterns and techniques of handling alien intruders. Promising missionary inroads were stifled and contained.	49

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AP World History 2017 Entire Midterm Flashcards

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5933621425	1) Bodhisattvas belong to what religious group?	Buddhism	0
5933627728	2) What region in Africa was first converted to Islam by 700 AD?	North Africa	1
5933629126	3) The Sunnis support...	the Umayyads	2
5933631121	4) All of the following encouraged Greek unity EXCEPT...	the geography of Greece	3
5933632758	5) In the early Islamic community...	women played an active role	4
5933633783	6) The Aryan conquerors brought to India...	distinctive religious beliefs	5
5933635694	7) What was NOT a positive development introducing new sources of strength by the 9th and 10th centuries to western Europe?	development of a strong imperial government	6
5933636697	8) Where was the greatest concentration of urbanization after the 10th century in Europe?	Italy and the lower countries	7
5933638232	9) Which Han emperor vastly increased centralized authority by confiscating and forcibly subdividing vassal lands?	Han Wudi	8
5933639405	10) One difference between classical civilizations and river valley civilizations was that in most classical civilizations...	political organizations were more elaborate	9
5933640842	11) The Harappan civilization extended throughout...	present-day Pakistan and northwest India	10
5933642117	12) Shi, or "men of service," were...	professional bureaucrats who served Zhou rulers	11
5933643720	13) The end of the Gupta Empire differed from the decline of Rome in that it did not involve...	the introduction of a new religion for the majority	12
5933644894	14) Which list has the correct order of events and ages?	Persian Wars, Athens' Golden Age, Peloponnesian Wars, Hellenistic Age	13
5933646681	15)Which kingdom emerged after Mali declined and had the trading city of Gao as its capital?	Songhai	14
5933647845	16) Which of the following emperors after tried to use Christianity to strengthen the Roman Empire?	Constantine	15
5933649800	17) ____________ argued that Christ was Divine but not of the same nature as God the Father	Arianism	16
5934035294	18) During the empire, the Roman legal system contributed to-	the downfall of the emperor	17
5934042530	19) T/F: The assassination of Julius Cesar was related to Rome's fall.	False	18
5934044523	20) Who founded Hinduism?	No single person	19
5934047526	21) What African nation remains Christian and fiercely independent?	Ethiopia	20
5934054820	22) What is this a characteristic of: Land was exchanged for military service and obligations	Feudalism	21
5934060898	23) The increase of commerce and trade during the Middle Ages resulted in-	increased urban growth	22
5934064267	24) The patron god of the Aztecs, and the unifying focus for the Aztec Kingdom was-	Huitzilopochtli	23
5934069080	25) After 200 ce, an increasing number of people in Asia, Europe, and North America began to adapt faiths characterized by-	monotheism	24
5934077782	26) What is the following statement about? It stressed an increasingly restrictive conservation within Islam, particularly wit respect to scientific inquiry.	The ulama	25
5934081760	27) The senate of Republican Rome particularly represented-	the landed aristocracy	26
5934085005	28) Many sub-Saharan societies were-	divided into kingdoms	27
5934088027	29) Both Ancient Rome and Greece depended on slavery. One result of this dependence was-	both groups lagged in technological advances compared to the Chinese or Indians	28
5934105069	30) What ended Athenian domination of the Greek world?	the Peloponnesian War	29
5934107807	31) The Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor are separated nu the-	Aegean Sea	30
5934113562	32) T/F; Harun al-Rashid's greatest enemy was Charlemagne	False	31
5934115095	33) Greek city-states were similar in that all had-	small size, small populations, and public meeting place	32
5934125699	34) Following the decline of the Songhai, smaller states developed east of the Mali and Songhai among what people?	Hausa	33
5934366193	35) Who tolerated local, political and religious diversity?	The Roman Empire	34
5934367783	36) What did the Socratic Method emphasize the importance of?	Questioning	35
5934368773	37) What were the Persian politics in the Age of Cyrus the Great know for?	Their cultural tolerance and authoritarianism	36
5934370766	38) Which group blended their beliefs with an animistic pantheon of many gods?	Daoists	37
5934372528	39) What region pushed Buddhism out of India?	Hindu	38
5934375170	40) The Muslims that believe that a person, called an imam, should lead the church and state are what type of Islamic sect?	Shi'ism	39
5934375950	41) The Umayyad caliphate ruled from their capital at-	Damascus	40
5934376751	42) Where was paper money printed for the first time?	China	41
5934377818	43) What played an important role because it allowed for high levels of agricultural production?	Chinampas	42
5934378807	44) The fourth crusade that was manipulated in Venice, who turned it into an attack on-	Constantinople	43
5934380549	45) Monasticism was developed in Italy, under the leadership of-	Benedict	44
5934380550	46) In the 12th century, what Persian scholar, who wrote Yes and No, used logic to examine the ecclesiastical doctrine?	Peter Abelard	45
5934383075	47) What were educated and respected young men expected to learn all of?	The Five Classics	46
5934384425	48) We can learn a lot about daily life under the Gupta rulers from paintings in the caves at-	Ajanta	47
5934385517	49) Confucian and Hindu values both-	help justify and preserve social inequality	48
5934386956	50) T/F: The Great Wall proved China's resources could be mobilized.	True	49
5938092693	51) principle advantage of the umma	it transcended old tribal boundaries and made possible political unity among Arab clans	50
5938094178	52) this was not one of Justinian's contributions to the byzantine empire	reconquest of Gaul	51
5938095647	53) cro-magnon paintings were created in	caves in southern France and Spain	52
5938097372	54) this was not one the of characteristics of early civilizations	democratic government	53
5938097482	55) people who lived in prehistoric world were influenced by	changes in geography and climate	54
5938100076	56) Paleolithic people met their need for food by	hunting and gathering	55
5938101310	57) one area that remained free of ice during prehistoric times	australia	56
5938102328	58) compared to China, India	had greater contact with other societies and cultures	57
5938103242	59) Group in control of Jerusalem at the time of the Crusades	Seljuk Turks	58
5938104476	60) where civilization first developed	river valleys	59
5938106887	61) the first step in developing a written language	using pictures to represent objects	60
5938106888	62) not a function of the merchant and artisan guild	ensuring a free market economy	61
5938107859	63) NOT an accurate statement about Byzantine's bureacracy	bureaucrats had limited education and ability	62
5938109341	64) a common cultural trait of urbanized trading ports of east Africa	Bantu- based and Arabic influenced Swahili language	63
5938110284	65) Hindu ethics invovled	emphasis on an individual carrying out the obligations of life	64
5938111786	66) NOT true regarding jinshi	part of aristocracy	65
5938112421	67) the unifying factor of western Europe during the postclassical period was	Christianity	66
5938112422	68) major factor in the spread of eastern orthodoxy	development of the Cyrillic alphabet	67
5933674877	69) Which of the following did not occur as a result of the Crusades? A. The kingdom of Jerusalem was established and controlled by the West for nearly a century in the Holy Land B. The Fourth Crusade resulted in the temporary conquest of Constantinople C. The Crusades help to open the West to new cultural and economic influences from the Middle East D. The Crusades demonstrated a new Western superiority in the wider world E. As far as the Muslims were concerned, the Crusades had little impact on the Islamic world	A. The kingdom of Jerusalem was established and controlled by the West for nearly a century in the Holy Land	68
5933676545	70) What was the nature of trade for the towns of East Africa? A. Most trade was focused on caravans crossing the Sahel to Northern Africa B. Trade was limited to local commerce among the towns and with the hunterlands lying west of the urbanized coast C. There was active trade to the Persian Gulf and Egypt, but little beyond those points D. International trade flourished in the urbanized ports of East Africa, including commerce with India and China E. Trade was limited to gold and salt, which was obtained from Indian traders and exchanged for African pottery	D. International trade flourished in the urbanized ports of East Africa, including commerce with India and China	69
5933677944	71) Who was responsible for defeating the Muslims in 732? A. Clovis B. Charlemagne C. Pepin the Short D. Charles the Bald E. Charles Martel	E. Charles Martel	70
5933996902	72) Which was common to both European and Japanese feudalism? A. Flourishing trade B. Development of industry C. Cultural diversity D. Decentralized government E. Seppuku	D. Decentralized government	71
5933997848	73) By 600 CE, an early civilization was beginning to take shape in A. Central America B. Brazil C. The west coast of North America D. Russia E. The West Indies	A. Central America	72
5933999274	74) The Magna Carta was important to the development of democracy because it A. Limited the power of the monarch B. Created a bicameral legislature C. Took land away from the nobles D. Extended the right to vote to peasants E. Allowed open elections	A. Limited the power of the monarch	73
5934003957	75) One way in which the Seljuk Turks, Mongols, and Crusaders were similar is that they A. Invaded the Middle East and affected its culture B. Succeeded in bringing democracy to the Middle East C. Moved through the Middle East as nomadic groups D. Established permanent empires in the Middle East E. All destroyed any resistance and slaughtered thousands	A. Invaded the Middle East and affected its culture	74
5934004689	76) The Reconquest or Reconquista pushed Muslim forces out of A. France B. England C. Portugal D. North Africa E. Spain	E. Spain	75
5934007052	77) India's trading network involved direct contact with all of the following except A. Southeast Asia B. The Middle East C. China D. Russia E. Central Asia	D. Russia	76
5934008380	78) The two factors that have the greatest effect on the climate of India are A. The amount of precipitation and seasonal drought B. The average temperature and high elevation C. The low temperatures and seasonal earthquakes D. The high temperatures and seasonal winds and rain E. The various geographical landforms and rainfall	D. The high temperatures and seasonal winds and rain	77
5934010505	79) Under Legalism the only way to achieve order was to A. Follow Confucian principles B. Impose low taxes C. Allow people to express themselves freely D. Pass strict laws and use harsh punishment E. Have a codified fair system of justice for all	D. Pass strict laws and use harsh punishment	78
5934011719	80) What was the most important stepchild of the Byzantine civilization? A. Russia B. Bulgaria C. Poland D. Italy E. Greece	A. Russia	79
5934014519	81) Following the fall of Rome, where was the center of the post-classical west? A. In Italy, particularly Rome B. The former Roman colony of Spain C. Greece D. The British Isles E. The central plains of Northern Europe	E. The central plains of Northern Europe	80
5934015717	82) All of the following were European invaders during the late 800's-early 900's in Europe except the A. Vikings B. Slavs C. Mongols D. Muslims E. Magyars	C. Mongols	81
5934017780	83) In which respect did the political system that developed in France differ from that of England? A. It provided for a unified state B. There were few limits on royal authority C. It allowed taxation D. Centralized government developed earlier in France E. The feudal system did not exist in England	D. Centralized government developed earlier in France	82
5934019023	84) By reading the Twelve Tables, people could learn about Roman A. religion B. laws C. emperors D. literature E. society and culture	B. laws	83
5950418673	85) What was the main idea behind the philosophy of Stoicism?	People should accept what life brings	84
5950450171	86) Although, at the height of its power in the tenth century, __________ began to decline until it was eclipsed by other sites by the early 13th century.	Ghana	85
5950455707	87) The battle near Tours ended further Muslim expansion into-	France	86
5950464364	88) What statement is NOT one of the four Noble Truths of the Buddha?	One must fast	87
5950475509	89) The Han rulers-	sought a centralized bureaucracy	88
5950484929	90)The characteristic political organization of the Tigris-Euphrates civilization was-	Regional city-states	89
5950493423	91)The Chinese concept of "Mandate of Heaven" was sometimes used to justify-	rebellion	90
5950495348	92) Hunting and gathering societies-	organize rather small groups into political units	91
5950545692	93) A central message of the Bhagavad Gita is that-	one must carry out the duties that come with ones caste	92
5950554364	94) What do historians believe was the primary motivation for Inca conquest and expansion?	A cult of the dead based on split inheritance that required new emperors to conquer new lands	93
5950566101	95) What differences contrast the commercial and economic activities of the Aztecs and Incas?	Inca social groups included a special merchant class, the yanks, who controlled and regulated all trade throughout the empire	94
5950586497	96) The main feature of a civilization is-	the development of cities	95
5950592536	97) Prehistoric times ended with the development of-	agriculture	96
5950597525	98) Confucianism and Daoism-	offered answers to societal problems during the times of disruption	97
5950621236	99) At the imperial university in Xian, an examination system established the world's first-	civil service program	98
5950635326	100) The Silk Road linked China with-	the west	99

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AP World History Chapter 3 and 4 Flashcards

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4974550666	Peloponnesian War	Athens vs. Sparta. Sparta won.	0
4974558687	Alexander the Great	Alexander III the Great, the King of Macedonia and conqueror of the Persian Empire is considered one of the greatest military geniuses of all times. He was inspiration for later conquerors such as Hannibal the Carthaginian, the Romans Pompey and Caesar, and Napoleon. Alexander was born in 356 BC in Pella, the ancient capital of Macedonia. He was son of Philip II, King of Macedonia, and Olympias, the princess of neighboring Epirus.	1
4974566260	Hellenism	Spread of Greek philosophy/theology.	2
4974570307	Qin Dynasty	Qin Dynasty was the first unified, multi-national and power-centralized state in the Chinese history. It lasted from 221 BC to 207 BC. Although surviving only 15 years, the dynasty held an important role in Chinese history and it exerted great influence on the following dynasties. Only two emperors, Yingzheng - Emperor Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor in the Chinese history, and his son Hu Hai ever ruled the state, which was finally overthrown by the people's uprising.	3
4974581079	Yellow Turban Revolt	Landowning families turned free peasants into tenant farmers, diminished the authority of the central government. China: these conditions lead to a major peasant revolt.	4
4974611097	Gupta Dynasty in India	The Gupta Period of India was not characterized by enormous material wealth or by elaborate trade activity. It was defined by creativity.In 185 B.C.E., the Mauryan empire collapsed when the last of the Mauryan kings was assassinated. In its place, small kingdoms arose throughout India.	5
4974636091	Collapse of Roman Empire	The Roman Empire grew too large, leaving it vulnerable, and its government unstable. Diminished trade, Catholic and Eastern church split.	6
4974655923	Achaemenid dynasty	The Achaemenid Persian empire was the largest that the ancient world had seen, extending from Anatolia and Egypt across western Asia to northern India and Central Asia. Constructed imperial system, (like Babylon). Under monarchs Cyrus and Darius.	7
4974697140	Cyrus	Allowed exiled Jews in Babylon to return to Jerusalem.	8
4974698838	Darius	Expressed authority.	9
4974720021	Ahura Mazda	Persian god	10
4974725627	Herodotus's Histories	Greek Historian : "There is no nation which so readily adopts foreign customs. They have taken the dress of Medes and in war they wear the Egyptian breastplate. As soon as they hear of any luxury, they instantly make it their own.	11
4974757123	Battle of Marathon	Greeks defeat Persians in battle. Greece's small and divided expanding cities brought tension to Persia.	12
4974786023	Qin Shihuangdi	Chinese Emperor. Had massive grave with terricotta soldiers.	13
4974795284	Vedas	Large body of texts in Hindu scripture.	14
4974802093	Upanisads	One of the four texts that constitutes Vedas.	15
4974815642	Atman	Hindu/Buddhist philosophy: "inner self/soul"	16
4974822511	Sansara	Cylcical/eternal linear thinking of the earth	17
4974833389	Brahman	Highest level of the universal principle	18
4974845382	Kamasutra	Hinduism: Human behaviors	19
4974854668	Moksha	Liberation from rebirth	20
4974861900	Core teachings of Buddha: The Four Noble Truths	Life is Suffering The cause of suffering is desire To end suffering, remove desire To remove desire, follow the eightfold path	21

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ap world history words Flashcards

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6769754426	Pharaoh	An egyptian monarch	0
6769756837	Artifact	An object made by humans	1
6769758660	Oracle bones	Animal bones or shells used by Chinese priests to receive messages from the gods	2
6769784808	Bodhisattvas	Buddhist holy men who accumulated spiritual merits during their lifetime; Buddhists prayed tobthe, in order to receive some of their holiness	3
6769817053	Silk roads	Caravan routes and sea lanes between china and the middle east	4
6769821748	Analects	Collection of teachings and sayings made by confucius	5
6769831344	Jati	sub castes; were groups of people within each caste that worked together for one economic function	6
6769832481	Steppe	Sparse, dry, treeless grassland	7
6769837986	Mystery religion	During the Hellenistic Age, religions that promised their faithful followers eternity in a state of bliss	8
6769840470	Yahweh	The personal name of the God of Israel revealed to Moses and meaning "I am who I am." The word is rendered "Lord" or Adonai.	9
6769870385	Aristotle	Greek philosopher; teacher of Alexander the Great; knowledge based on observation of phenomena in material world	10
6769873620	Yin and yang	two forces in the universe, according to Chinese Theory: Yin is the passive, negative force, and Yang the active, positive force	11
6769875580	Nirvana	The state of englightenment for Buddhists.	12
6769879155	Filial piety	In China, respect for one's parents and other elders	13
6769885239	Moksha	The Hindu concept of the spirit's 'liberation' from the endless cycle of rebirths.	14
6769887081	Karma	(Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation	15
6769904400	Latifunia	large land owned by aristocrats. serfs lived there in exchange for working the land( farming etc)	16
6769912436	Alexander the great	King of Macedonia who conquered Greece, Egypt, and Persia	17
6769924867	Vedas	Early Indian sacred 'knowledge'-the literal meaning of the term-long preserved and communicated orally by Brahmin priests and eventually written down.	18
6769928031	Theocracy	A government controlled by religious leaders	19
6769943969	Aristocracy	A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility	20
6769945322	Artisan	craftsman	21
6769948518	Civilization	a society with reliable food surplus, specialized occupations, social class distinctions, cities, complex governments, trade, and an organized writing system	22
6769951670	Edict of man	Granted the Hugenots religious toleration and let them fortify their own towns and cities	23
6769953782	Polis	A Greek city-state	24
6769955870	Indo-European	In about the 1500s BCE these people were migrating tribes from present-day southeast Russia. Some traveled to Europe, some to Persia, and some to India. Thus, today many people in Europe, Perisa, and India share some lingustic, cultural, and biological roots.	25
6769958219	Brahmin	A member of the social class of priests in Aryan society	26
6769962603	Quetzalcoatl	Aztec nature god, feathered serpent, his disappearance and promised return coincided with the arrival of Cortes	27
6794474424	huns	large nomadic group from northern Asia who invaded territories extending from China to Eastern Europe. They virtually lived on their horses, herding cattle, sheep, and horses as well as hunting.	28
6794476809	democracy	A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them	29
6794478781	monsoon	A seasonal wind.	30
6794480382	dynasty	A series of rulers from the same family	31
6794483485	hieroglyphics	An ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds	32
6794485587	cuneiform	A system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllables. It originated in Mesopotamia and was used initially for Sumerian and Akkadian but later was adapted to represent other languages of western Asia.	33
6794490616	foraging	A term for hunting and gathering	34
6794493258	covenant	An agreement between God and his people	35
6794497963	slash and burn cultivation	An agricultural method in which farmers clear fields by cutting and burning trees, then use the ashes as fertilizer	36
6794502802	ziggurat	Mesopotamia temple tower made of rectangular terraces of diminishing size	37
6794509142	disciple	A follower of Jesus	38
6794515498	zoroastrianism	Persian religion founded by Zoroaster; taught that humans had the freedom to choose between right and wrong, and that goodness would triumph in the end	39
6794519941	patriarchal	relating to a society in which men hold the greatest legal and moral authority	40
6794523606	reincarnation	In Hinduism and Buddhism, the process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achieves perfect understanding	41
6794529679	matrilineal	relating to a social system in which family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the mother	42
6794532532	12 tablets	Rome's first written law of code.	43
6794537937	mandate of heaven	A power or law believed to be granted by a god	44
6794541459	geocentric theory	theory that earth is the center of the solar system or the universe. Geo is Greek for earth	45
6794546623	polytheism	The belief in many gods	46
6794548968	monotheism	Belief in one God	47
6794551514	animism	The belief that spirits inhabit the features of nature	48
6794556927	hsiung-nu	The Central Nomadic people who invaded China in the ancient world	49
6794563682	sati	a custom among the higher castes of hinduism of a widow throwing herself on the burning funeral pyre of her husband	50
6794579739	specialization of labor	The division of labor that aids the development of skills in a particular type of work	51
6794582928	hellenistic age	Historians' term for the era, usually dated 323-30 B.C.E., in which Greek culture spread across western Asia and northeastern Africa after the conquests of Alexander the Great. The period ended with the fall of the last major kingdom to Rome, but Greek cultural influence persisted until the spread of Islam in the seventh century C.E.	52
6794587228	diaspora	A dispersion of people from their homeland	53
6794590750	torah	The first five books of Jewish Scripture, which they believe are by Moses, are called this	54
6794594435	pope	Head of the Roman Catholic Church	55
6794675028	varna	hindu word for caste	56
6794679011	independent invention	The idea that ancient civilizations were able to achieve characteristics of civilization without contact with others	57
6794684121	neolithic revolution	(10,000 - 4,000 BCE) The development of agriculture and the domestication of animals as a food source. This led to the development of permanent settlements and the start of civilization.	58
6794687396	10 commandments	Express the natural law of God and are the basis of morality	59
6794692234	stoicism	An ancient Greek philosophy that became popular amongst many notable Romans. Emphasis on ethics. They considered destructive emotions to be the result of errors in judgment, and that a wise person would repress emotions, especially negative ones and that "virtue is sufficient for happiness." They were also concerned with the conflict between free will and determinism. They were also non-dualists and naturalists.	60
6794694307	neolithic age	the new stone age that was marked by the discovery and mastery of agriculture	61
6794697801	climate	Overall weather in an area over a long period of time	62
6794699523	new testament	The second part of the Christian Bible, containing descriptions of the life and teachings of Jesus and of his early followers	63
6794703206	dharma	The position in the Hindu caste system that was determined by one's birth	64
6794712551	pastoralism	the practice of herding	65
6794715087	messiah	"God's chosen (anointed) one" - the awaited king of the Jews; this term is derived from the Hebrew language	66
6794717878	pax romana	200 year period of peace in Rome.	67
6794721256	untouchables	LOWEST LEVEL OF INDIAN SOCIETY; not considered a real part of the caste system; often given degrading jobs; their life was extremely difficult	68
6794725504	agricultural revolution	The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering	69
6794728292	cultural diffusion	The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another	70
6799714890	ka'aba	A black stone building in Mecca that is shaped like a cube and that is the most sacred Muslim pilgrim shrine	71
6799715877	syncretism	a combination of different forms of belief and practice	72
6799718879	austronesian	A branch of languages originating in Oceania	73
6799722649	hadith	A collection of the sayings and deeds of Muhammad	74
6799723967	magna carta	"the Great Charter"; a written legal agreement signed in 1215 that limited the English monarch's power	75
6799725373	harem	A household of wives and concubines in the Middle East, Africa, or Asia	76
6799726236	dalmyo	Were the most powerful samurai or ruling leaders.	77
6799728434	chivalry	A code that knights adopted in the late Middle Ages; requiring them to be brave, loyal and true to their word; they had to fight fairly in battle	78
6799729200	mita	Andean labor system based on shared obligations to help kinsmen and work on behalf of the ruler and religious organizations.	79
6799730249	maori	A member of a Polynesian group that settled New Zealand about 800 C.E.	80
6799731057	bakufu	A military government established in Japan after the Gempei Wars; the emperor became a figurehead, while real power was concentrated in the military, including the samurai	81
6799732646	khan	A Mongol ruler	82
6799734949	astrolabe	A navigational instrument used to determine latitude by measuring the position of the stars	83
6799735813	serf	an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate.	84
6799739658	neo-confusianism	Confucian teachings and practices with the influence of Buddhism	85
6799740711	feudalism	A political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service	86
6799741441	parliament	Body of representatives that makes laws for a nation	87
6799742186	kowtow	The ritual of prostrating and touching the forehead to the ground, demanded of all foreign ambassadors to the Chinese court as a symbol of submission.	88
6799743725	caravel	A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic.	89
6799746645	stateless society	A society that is based on the authority of kinship groups rather than on a central government	90
6799747511	quipus	A system of knotted cords of different sizes and colors used by the Incas for keeping records	91
6799749059	monorialism	The system of self-sufficient estates that arose in medieval Europe	92
6799749811	zakat	Tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims	93
6799751889	people of the book	what Muslims called Christians and Jews which means that they too only believe in one god	94
6799753534	minaret	a tall slender tower, typically part of a mosque, with a balcony from which a muezzin calls Muslims to prayer.	95
6799754363	lateen sails	a triangular sail on a long yard at an angle of 45° to the mast.	96
6799754896	age grade	An age group into which children were placed in Bantu societies of early sub-Saharan Africa; children within the age grade were given responsibilities and privileges suitable for their age and in this manner were prepared for adult responsibilities	97
6799755955	abacus	counting device	98
6799756873	tea ceremony	An ancient Shinto ritual still performed in the traditional Japanese capital of Kyoto	99

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AP World History Revolutions Flashcards

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4056828171	Benjamin Disraeli	Got Working class men the right to vote	0
4056828172	Count Camillo di Cavour	Expanded industrial development and the power of parliament	1
4056828173	Otto Von Bismarck	Extended voting rights to all men, and gave more power to parliament	2
4056828174	Charles Darwin	Biologist who created the evolution theory	3
4056828175	Albert Einstien	Developed mathematical theories to explain the behavior of planetary movement, theory of relativity, etc.	4
4056828176	Sigmund Freud	Austrian Neurologist created dialog between patient and Doctor	5
4056828177	Charles Dickens	Realistic portrayals of human defects in his books	6
4056828178	Georges Seurat	Inspired by how eye processed colors and dots	7
4056828179	Romanticism	19th century literary movement, stressed emotion and expression, not reason	8

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AP World History Chart Flashcards

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4742369779	Period Name(1)	River Valley Civilization	0
4742370838	Dates(1)	3000 BCE - 600 BCE	1
4742371912	Beginning (C,W)(1)	Cities, Writing	2
4742372812	Middle (CI, MoH, CoH)(1)	Complex Institutions, Mandate of Heaven, Code of Hammurabi	3
4742382250	End (I-EN, IM)(1)	Indo-European Nomads, Iron Metallurgy	4
4959711160	Period Name(2)	Classical	5
4959716618	Dates(2)	600 BCE - 600 CE	6
4959728337	Beginning(AA, PoWS)(2)	Axial Age, Period of Warring States	7
4959750551	Middle(HRG, SR, C)(2)	LPEs, Silk Roads. Christianity	8
4959809629	End(H, FoE, B)(2)		9

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AP World History Chapters 6-9 Flashcards

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7797490998	Migrants From Iberia	Brought irrigation and oranges, sugar cane, and cotton	0
7797499644	People of The Book	Jews and Christians, treated well and were allowed to keep religion	1
7797511802	Bedouin	Nomadic cultures based on goat and cattle herding, in scrub zones and deserts	2
7797528637	Extreme Loyalty to Family then Clan	Caused by harsh geography, would control watering holes	3
7797534648	Shaykhs	Had most of the wealth	4
7797544091	Common War	Encroaching on pasturing lands, had to defend honor	5
7797551851	Mecca	Trading hub started by Umayyad Clan	6
7797557803	Ka'ab	Religious shrine, obligatory truce, no weapons allowed which allowed trade	7
7797572305	How Women were Treated (BI)	Respect and freedom, had key economic jobs, tribes would descend through women (based on clan)	8
7797594858	Little Material Culture	Wouldn't have it due to isolation, harsh economy, and poverty of the environment	9
7797605632	Animism and Polytheism	Religion BI, moral codes and traditions based on morals and unwritten codes	10
7797660561	Muhammad Merchant	He was taught how to be one by his uncle	11
7797666679	Muhammad's Concerns	Tribal hate, undermining solidarity, and the gap between wealthy and poor	12
7797689800	Umayyads felt Threatened	Their power and wealthy were being threatened by Muhammad, the God's of the Ka'ba were not being followed anymore	13
7797700899	Hijran	Flight (Journey)	14
7797713231	Ultimate Result	Peace with tribes, conversions of many people including Umayyads	15
7797727505	Appeal to Arabs	It was monotheistic, Arab originated, and had no inbetweens between people and Allah	16
7797737097	Umma	Islamic Community, allowed political unity	17
7797738886	Zakat	Charity Tax, was obligatory	18
7797752691	Appeal to non-Arabs	Monotheistic, legal codes, egaltarianiam, and community	19
7797762882	Five Pillars	1. There is one god (Allah) and Muhammad is the prophet 2. Pray towards Mecca five times a day 3. Fast during Ramadan 4. Zakat 5. Haij	20
7797785503	Caliph	Religious and political successor of Muhammad	21
7797796856	Why Warriors Conquested	To get back at non-Arabs who had harassed them, would get the goods from the conquested areas	22
7797811413	Empires they Took	Sasanian Empire, eventually the Byzantine Empire	23
7797824292	Sunni's	Believed that the Umayyads deserved rule	24
7797826158	Shi'a	Believed Muhammad's descendants deserved to rule	25
7797836077	Jizya	Non-believer tax that non Muslims would have to pay	26
7797879068	Treatment of Women (I)	Would have to be treated equally and supported the same as other wives, had the ability to divorce, money would go directly to wife, had a range of jobs	27
7797900310	Umayyad Revolts	Lead lavish lifestyles instead of simple lives, tried to replace soldiers	28
7797926182	Urbanization Increased	Want of material goods and wealth, decline of women's rights-men were the line of the family	29
7797931761	Harem	Where upper class women were kept out of sight and guarded	30
7797946015	Abbasids	Took over after Umayyads, wanted an absolutest imperial empire, did small bureaucratization	31
7797961696	Mawali Acceptance	More converts (Non-Arabs), no head tax, more job opportunities	32
7797977767	Dhow	Sophisticated sailing ship that made them important traders	33
7797980789	Charity	Went to churches, schools, bath houses, traveler houses, and hospitals	34
7797991070	Artisan Gulls	Negotiate wages, hours, and would provide support	35
7798039003	Decline of Abbasid Empire	abandonment of frugalness, succession issues, overly involved political advisers, civil violence, slave rebellions, large taxes, and failing irrigation systems	36
7798062389	Concubine	Woman of lower status living with a man	37
7798075554	Growing Wealth	Want of more slaves, captured people or brought from Balkans, Central Asia, or Sudanic Africa	38
7798091007	Slaves	Treated better then upper class women, would be educated and the caliphs enjoyed their company more than wives, slave women could go out in public with no veil	39
7798099059	Impact of Crusades on Europe	They would take Muslim ideas, math, weapons, fortifications, educations, and culture	40
7798125400	Urban Prosperity Benefiters	Artists and artisans who worked with Umayyads	41
7798137580	Sufism	Reaction to the idea that God was an abstract divinity, they believed he was separate from humans but permeated the universe, got many converts because they allowed them to keep pre-Islamic beliefs	42
7798149257	Fall of Baghdad	Mongol invaders took the city and it never recovered and faced more invasions	43
7798161419	Arabic Numbers	Originally from India, Hindu mathematicians brought it to Baghdad and eventually they spread to Europe	44
7798186948	Reinvasion of India	Due to loss of territory and quarrels, 11th century, Delhi was capital	45
7798203109	Spread of Islam in India	Spread by Sufi Mystics, Buddhists and low caste Hindus were most likely to convert, violence caused Muslims to flee to India	46
7798230283	How Indian Women Were Affected by Islam	They would marry very young girls, and would not allow widows to remarry, would even burn women who had dead husbands	47
7798242678	World Religion	Spreads over regions, cultures, and societies, forges links, brings civilization to nomadic people	48
7798267975	Southeast Asia Goods	Aromatic Woods, cloves, nutmeg, mace	49
7798292490	Main Political Systems in Africa	Hierarchy, stateless societies, secret societies	50
7798306698	Bantu	Base language, other languages have similar structure and vocab	51
7798315445	Animistic Beliefs (Africa)	Common, believed things had souls and witches would cause disasters	52
7798325019	Worshiped Elders	Believed they would bring good land, game, and people	53
7798336528	Agriculture, Iron Working, Farming	Common jobs in Africa (though there was lots of diversity)	54
7798343262	North Africa	Had the most connections with other civilizations	55
7798353157	Islam Appeal to Africa	Political unity, equality, political and religious power	56
7798375992	The Ethiopian Kingdom	Most important Christian center in Africa, was super isolated and held onto their beliefs	57
7798403676	Hub Points	Atlantic and Indian ocean, Savanna on southern rim, Gold was from West Africa	58
7798417664	Sahel	Grassland area that became a trade point because it was suitable for the camels	59
7798427178	Sudanic State Converts	Princes or merchants, used to reinforce kingship	60
7798434204	Griots	Oral historians, keepers of tradition, kings advisers	61
7798448499	Clan System	16 free clans with weapons, 5 religion clans, 4 specialist clans	62
7798460981	Polygamy	Popular for farmers because it allowed more sons to help (little technology)	63
7798472175	Islam and Pagan	Would be mixed in the Songhay Empire and in Northern Nigeria	64
7798479424	Islam Facilitated Trade	Created a unity that made quality and safety insured	65
7798490117	Slavery (Africa)	Wasn't used much until Muslims started using it more and eventually spread it	66
7798504676	African Exports (Swahili Coast)	Iron, Ivory, Gold, and exotic animals	67
7798508604	African Imports	Persian silk and Chinese pottery	68
7798517272	Swahili Language	Mainly Bantu and later Arabic words, some could write in Arabic, higher classes could speak Arabic	69
7798545194	Zimbabwe	Stone house built for royalty	70
7798596794	Byzantine Empire	Direct continuation of Roman Empire, eastern side, lasted for 1000 years	71
7798607166	Byzantine Capital	Constantinople, Orthodox Christian churches radiated from there	72
7798623752	Differences Between West and East	Different branches of Christianity, no commerce communication, East was more politically sophisticated and had more cultural range and a better economy	73
7798641909	Official Language of Byzantine	Greek, allowed them to read old texts (impact of Hellenistic Period)	74
7798651459	Justinian	Wanted to expand and remake the Roman Empire, he was well known for rebuilding Constantinople and going through legal codes, as well as the Hagia Sophia	75
7798664879	Arab Invasions of Byzantine	Took half the land, would repeatedly take the capital	76
7798675760	Emperor's Role	Picked by divine, ruled both state and church, passed religious and normal laws, state over church was important to orthodox Christians	77
7798690864	Byzantine Bureaucratic System	Large and effective, could come from any social class just had to be educated	78
7798704469	Luxury Goods of Byzantine	Cloths, carpets, and spices	79
7798713946	Art Legacy Of Byzantine	Large and powerful mosaics as well as icon paintings	80
7798724318	The Great Schism	Split between Roman Catholic church and the Eastern Orthodox church in 1054	81
7798739499	Decline of Byzantine	Started after split, Constantinople fell in 1453 due to Muslim Turks	82
7798749119	Importance of Fall Of Byzantine	Extremely durable, anchored a corner even with spread of Islam, many commercial contacts and spread of Christianity	83
7798763570	Influx of Jews into East	Fleeing the Middle East and religious persecution, they would get agricultural and commerce jobs	84
7798771042	Kiev	Traders from Scandanavia	85
7798773240	Kievan Rus'	People trading between Middle East and Scandinavia	86
7798785982	Russian Orthodoxy	People were converting to Christianity, Vladimir 1 converted and made the decision that his people would too, would even force baptisms	87
7798800818	Russian Economy	Declined when Byzantine feel because they relied on them, Mongols took over and stopped almost all trade	88
7798806963	Russia	Eventually called Third Rome due to economy power and hope	89

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AP WORLD HISTORY Flashcards

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6725870890	How do we understand the prehistoric past	By use of artifacts and bones.	0
6725874022	How do bones tell us how people lived	Size and composition of skeletons tells how nourished people were.	1
6725882608	How do artifacts help us understand prehistoric times	Tools such as chipped stones indicate how they made tools with sharp edges. Burnt logs show they used fire. Prehistoric people akso buried dead with jewelry and religious token which is what they found vaulables.	2
6726333873	When did modern humans appear	200,000 to 100,000 years ago	3
6726339003	where did modern humans appear	East Africa	4
6726342607	How did early humans survived	By being hunter-foragers	5
6726345441	Hunter-Forager	Hunted animals, forager or gathering fruits, seeds and edible roots	6
6726353912	Why did Humans Migrate	1. To search for food 2. If population become to dense in an area 3. Climate shift 4. New source of fresh water.	7
6726366798	How did cultural patterns and forms of technology developed	As people encountered new climates and enviroments, they develop these patterns and technology	8
6726377158	Why does climate change push migration	As climate shift animals and plants shift. Humans followed this. When it becomes to cool they shift towards the equator for habitat. When it becomes warm they shift away the equator.	9
6726399911	Bering land bridge	One cold period causes the so much ice to form that ocean levels lowered to 400ft. It was so low that land connected Asia and what is now Alaska. Nomadic hunters followed herds and wander across the land. When temp arose they were cut off from Asian ancestors and became the first Americans.	10
6726593091	Paleolithic period	Began 2.5 million years ago and ended about 8000 B.C.E. aka Stone Age because the use of stone tools and weapons. Wood, animal bones and antlers were also used for tools.	11
6726605429	Example of stone age tools	1. Digging sticks to find roots to eat 2. Spears, harpoon and arrows to kill animals	12
6726619538	Why where tools important in specific climates	Certain tools where useful in specific environments	13
6726624094	Ex of tools being useful in environment TUNDRA	Used scrapers for cleaning the flesh offf of animals skins for warmth	14
6726641284	Ex of tools being useful in environment TROPICS	Nets for catching fish were valuable	15
6726651421	Ex of tools being useful in environment MEDITERRANEAN SEA AND PACIFIC OCEAN	Rafts to venture out in water	16
6726653079	Ex of tools being useful in environment FOREST	Axes to cut wood for shelter	17
6726661066	The most important tool in palethithic period	fire	18
6726661067	How did fire help	1. Light to allow them to see better in the dark 2. Heat to live in cold climates 3. Protection against wild animals 4. smoke to pacify bees to get honey 5. Helped in hunting by scaring animals to jump over cliffs 6. Most important use was to cook food	19
6726690600	Kinship group	Group of related families that would usually have 20 to 40 members. Nearly sufficent. Normally part of clans and clans were part of tribes	20
6726717304	How were society run in Paleolithic	Egalatrian there was little that divided poor and rich. Patriarchal society. Males were in charge of hunts, warfare and heavy labor. Women gathered and prepared food and looked after children.	21
6726733735	religion paleolithic	Centered belief of gods of nature. animism. Believed in afterlife because of burial pratices. Cave paintings and music are related to religious ceremonies	22
6726739613	Shamans	Religious leaders in Paleolithic that had abilities to cure the sick and influence the future.	23
6726745702	Neolithic revolution	Agricultural revolution that occurred at many different times around the globe.	24
6726798963	Major development in Neolithic	1. Agriculture 2. Pastoralism 3. Specialization of labor 4. Towns and cities 5. Goverment 6. Religions 7. Technological innovations	25
6726812587	Major development in Neolithic AGRICULTURE	Humans began to learn how to grow crops by putting seeds in the ground. Giving up nimadic ways they settled to pratice raising crops and livestock. Occured first east of Medittrean sea. Early farmers domisticated crops that were growing wild in there region.	26
6726822978	Surplus Neolithic	As the growth of crop continued humans began to have more than they needed for themselves.	27
6726844308	domesticated crops in region in neolithic	1. Southwest Asia: wheat and barley 2. Northern China: millet 3. Southeast Asia: Rice 4. Mesoamerica: Maize	28
6820504228	What was one effect the neolithic had on diets	It caused their diets to be less diversified because few crops were grown	29
6820510094	Major Development in Neolithic PASTORALIZATION	The act of moving domesticated animals that provide meats and milk to one grazing land to another	30
6820524730	How did pastoralist differ from farmers	Farmers settled in one place and pastrolist moved regularly.	31
6820534370	Why were pastoralist important in spreading culture	They moved a lot caused them to learn and spread ideas	32
6820539362	Major Development in Neolithic SPECILIZATION OF LABOR	Because of surpluses in food people had free time and became artisan, merchants, soliders, religious leaders or politicians	33
6820550165	Specialization of labor	The process of allowing people to focus on limited tasks	34
6820558150	Major Development in Neolithic GROWTH OF VILLAGES, TOWN AND CITIES	food surpluses caused permanent dwellings such as villages and town to appear. People start to abondon nomadic ways.	35
6820570540	Major Development in Neolithic GOVERMENTS	Leaders of farming communities and towns developed the earliest forms of goverment. In order to enforce jobs in farming and regulation of rules	36
6820580810	Major Development in Neolithic RELIGION	Farmers expercienced problems and caused them to presuade spirits of nature to help with their crops. Preist class developmed	37
6820595795	What were most religion in neolithic age	Polythestic	38
6820595796	First Monothestic	Hebrews who followed abraham	39
6820603187	Zoroastrianism	Focused on good and evil and the battle between them	40
6820610187	Major Development in Neolithic TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION	People learned about technology through trade and war	41
6820617605	What were some forms of technological innovation in Neolithic times	1. To store food and carry water, waterproof clays pots created 2. People improved agricutlure by a plow pulled by oxen 3. The wheel eases transportation and trade	42
6820631784	Civilization	A large society with cities and powerful states	43
6820636605	What were most societies in early civilizations	Patriarchies meaning ruled by men	44
6820642083	What caused civilization	Goverment and religious and military instituation become complex and trade increased	45
6827283628	Sumerians located	Near the tigris and Euphrates river. Aka mesopotamia	46
6827294337	Advantage to sumerians location	Frequent flooding caused silt on land fertilizing the land. Water and warm climate caused easy agriculture.	47
6827305620	What are things sumerians built	1. Cities 2. Canals-carry water to fields 3. Dams- to control unpredictable flooding	48
6827311994	Sumerian government	1. City States 2. First rulers were priests, then evolved into military leaders called kings	49
6827321468	What caused conflict between sumerian city states	Competition for land and water.	50
6827331934	What legitimize the Sumerian kings rule	Seen as high priest being a direct link between people and gods	51
6827334791	Sumerian Religion	1. Polytheistic 2. Satisfied gods of nature to help with agriculture and unpredictable floodings. 3. Ziggurats	52
6827345532	Sumerian Economy and Trade	1. Agriculture economy. 2. Surpluses allowed trade with other civilization 3. Traded pottery, wove cloth, bronze utensil	53
6827353368	Sumerian tech that aid in trade	1. Canoes used to reach Med sea and Persian Gulf	54
6827364800	Major trade goods Sumer gained	Egypt- Gold Persia- Tin	55
6827385550	Sumerian social structure	1. Top: priests, kings, wealthy landowners 2. Middle: Merchants, farmers and architects 3. Bottom: Hired workers and slaves	56
6827385551	Sumerian Women	1. Upper class able to own property 2. incomes seprate from husbands 3. girls can be edcuated at home	57
6827407380	Sumerian Culture and Accomplishments	1. Cuneiform- To keep records of crops 2. 12 month calendar- To predict flooding 3. Number system based on 60 4. Epic of Gilgamesh- Oldest written Story	58
6827423661	Sumerian Decline	Had little natural boarders and invasion from nomads	59
6827429300	Babylonian empire Location	Mesopotamia	60
6827430842	Babylonian Beginning time	Around 1900 BCE	61
6827434868	Hammurabi accomplishments	1. Abolished local goverment and had officals loyal to him 2. Reorganized tax structure used for irrigation and crop productivity 3. Code of Law	62
6827446019	Babylonian society	1. Patriarchal 2. Women and be merchants, traders and scribes. Can divorce	63
6827455946	Babylonian Accomplishments	1. Astronomy- studied stars in a way of future telling 2. Hammurabi	64
6827463556	Hebrews	Monothestics who left Mesopotamia by Abraham to Caanan. Forced to move from their to Egypt cause drought.	65
6827472498	Jewsish Diaspora	The spreading of jews through Meditteran and Middle East	66
6827487538	Ancient Egyptian Trade	Used Nile to trade with Medittrean.	67
6827493951	Lower Egypt	North	68
6827493952	Upper Egypt	South	69
6827498354	Three period of stability for ancient Egypt	1. Old Kingdom 2. Middle Kingdom 3. New Kingdom	70
6827500947	Old Kingdom Lifespan	2660-2160 BC	71
6827506252	Old Kingdom Government	1. Theocratic cause of Pharaoh. 2. Creation of Noble class	72
6827512627	Old Kingdom End	1. Noble power grew stronger 2. Famine and drought caused collapse	73
6827521906	Middle Kingdom Lifespan	2040-1786 BCE	74
6827530062	Middle Kingdom First Ruler	Mentuhotep II. Moved capital to Thebus. Created central goverment and reduce provincially governor power	75
6827543053	Middle Kingdom Accomplishments	1. Expanded country boarders 2. Irragation systems	76
6827546007	Middle kingdom Decline	Invasion from Hyksos by using horse drawn chariots and improved bow and arrows	77
6827556978	New Kingdom Lifespan	1570-1070 BCE	78
6827560852	New Kindgom was targeted by	Hittites who had iron tools and weapons.	79
6827564608	New Kindom Expansion	Rames the great expanded into Southwest Asia.	80
6827573793	Ancient Egyptian Society	Top: Royal, Nobles and Priest Middle:Farmers Bottom Slaves	81
6827587589	Ancient Egyptian accomplishments	1. Pyramids 2.Number based on 10 3. calendar having 365 days 4. Mummification gave knowlegde about body	82
6827606527	Indus Valley Civilization Two main cities	Harrapa and Mohendjo dar	83
6827610936	Indus Civilization tech advances	1. Private toilets 2. Sewer system 3. Urban planning like grid	84
6827615028	Indus Agriculture	They had little farmers so they traded with Egypt and Sumer	85
6827628525	Aryan introduce to Indus Civilization	1. Sanskrit 2. Hindu religion	86
6827636054	Upanishads	The religious mix of Dravidian and Aryan beliefs	87
6827645119	Xia Dynasty	First dynasty to rule China around 2100 BCE	88
6827650393	The Shang Dynasty	Overthrew Xia Dynasty around 1750 BCE.	89
6827653157	Shang economy	1. Based on Agriculture	90
6827664638	Shang Tech	1.Bronze weapons and armor 2. Horse-drawn chaoriots.	91
6827671353	Shang Religion	1. polytheistic in nature spirits. 2. Ancestor Veneration, where ancestor speak to gods for them 3. Believed in life after death because objects were buried with dead	92
6827682615	Shang Cultural and Achievements	1. Pictograph 2. Calendar with 12 months	93
6827690582	End of Shang	Shang rulers got weak in 1045 BCE Wu ended the Shang	94
6827695097	Zhou Dynasty	Establish at the end of Shang 1045 BCE. Caused first golden age for china	95
6827702425	Zhou King success	1. Centralized and hold power 2. Expanded territories. 3. Mandate of Heaven to legitmize rule	96
6827712250	Zhou expansion caused what	Vast land to control so created almost like city states where local rulers payed tax to the emperorand defend him created first seen feudalism	97
6827724726	Zhou Agriculture	1. Dikes 2. Resrvoirs 3. Irrgation canals All to help contorl water supply	98
6827735371	Zhou Achievements	1. Iron sword 2. Plows 3. Irragation systems 4. Roads	99
6827744191	Decline of Zhou	Around 800 BCE uprising from local leaders weaken cntral goverments. By 400s BCE King had little power	100
6827778166	Chavin lifespan	1000 to 200 BCE	101
6827781825	Chavin lives	1.Lived in valleys 2. Grew cotton crops	102
6827788770	Chavin achievements	Used soldering to piece metal together, fishnets out of thread	103
6827794886	Chavin Decline	Political structure was weak	104
6827796271	Olmec Lifespan	1200 to 400 BCE	105
6827801442	Olmec religion	Included animals like jaguars, snakes and half human half animal figures	106
6827805132	Olmec achievements	1. Calendar 2. Number system included 0 3. fist writing in Americas	107
6827819999	Socrates	Emphasized on questioning peoples ideas and to identify the core of them.	108
6827835230	Plato	Student of Socrates opened school Academy, taught students to question nature of ideas such as good, evil, justice and beauty	109
6827843481	The republic	Created by Plato describes a goverment that had justic and ethical values. Had Philoshpher king that were intelligent to make good descicion to society	110
6827874459	Aristotle	Plato student ideas include ethics. Believed that you should avoid extreme behavior such as to much courage was ignorant and to little was coward. The in between is the GOLDEN MEAN	111
6827884232	How did Aristole think we should gain knowledge	Through empiricism which is by listening to what others know and to focus on LOGIC	112
6827887975	Athenian Religion	1. Polytheistic 2. Created Pantheon 3. Myths and story about gods 4. Olympic Games	113
6827893971	Athenian Culture	Story and myths were a part of how religious ideas and how people lived their lives showed	114
6827909787	Monarchy	A king ruled the state	115
6827911433	Aristocracy	Nobles ruled	116
6827911434	Oligarchy	Few wealthy land owners	117
6827914193	Democracy	All citizen participate	118
6827916704	Sparta is what type of city state	Military city state	119
6827920507	Spartian Women	Had great freedom compared than other greek women. 1. able to recieve education 2. can own property 3. not secluded in home	120
6827931203	Athens type of democracy	Direct Democracy where citizens vote in a large assembly	121
6827939205	Perclies	1.Ruled athens from 461-429 BCE. 2. Created Partheon 3. Created concil of 500 4.Peoples court	122
6827941511	Persian Empire Began	559 BCE by CYRUS THE GREAT	123
6827970472	Achaemenid Empire	The first persian empire	124
6827972377	Darius I	1. Ruled 522-486 BCE 2. Created capitial of Persepolis 3. Royal road to trade 4.Caravanserai which was inn and markets on royal road 5. Institued common currency to ease trade	125
6828005700	Persian empire religious beliefs	Monothestic- zoroastriansm. Were tolerant on religion	126
6828011753	Persian sOCIETY	1. Patriarchal 2. Same as early civilization but bureacrcy inclded accontants, adminstrators, tax collectors and translator	127
6828025361	Delian League	Anthens joined with the greek states to fight Persia	128
6828028286	Pelponessian War	431-404 BCE Sparta vs Athens Sparta wins due to militaristic	129
6828036839	Macedonia	Phillip II untie Greek and asian minor. Succeded By alexandar the great	130
6828045633	Alexander the great	1. Ruled by using natives to help run parts of large empire. 2. Encourage new territories to excep thim by asking people to marry conquered people 3. Greek influence became widespread 4.	131
6828056737	Hellenstic Cultute	1. Formed by Alexander the great by the mixing of culture of his Persian Empire	132
6828063434	COMPARING GREEK AND PERSIA	1. Covered large territories 2. allowed women few rights 3. both had diffrent religion. Greek Polthestic Persian Monothestic 4. Persia was more unified. Blending of culture while greek had war with each other 5. Both sycrentism.Persian adopted local goverments to hep wit governing . Greek influenced	133
6828092114	Rome Monarchy Lifespan	753-509 BCE	134
6828103381	How did Rome go from Monarchy to Republic	They overthrow Tarquinas Superbus and establish a goverment of elected officals	135
6828107859	Republic	Government of elected officals who governed	136
6828130027	Roman rules of law	Law of twelve tables provided check and balance with aspect of life including buisness transaction, roperty damage and penealties for crimes	137
6828138690	Roman expand in Greece	275 BCE DEFEATED GREECE. Soon took over Macedonia created by Alexander the great	138
6828149789	Punic Wars	Between 264 and 146 BCE Roman captured Carthage destroyed land and and population and salted the earth to make land infertile.	139
6828163180	Spartucus rebliion	A slave rebellion held by spastics and was defeated	140
6828166754	Women in ancient Rome	Women couldn't vote and men owned all property.	141
6828171465	How did Julius Caesar gain power	By winning a civil war between powerful generals.	142
6828175891	End of republic rome	Julius caesar became sole consul and dictator for life in 46 BCE.	143
6828180700	Ceasars Reforms	1. Revising the calendars, 2. increase senate size 3. extending citizenship 4. Granting land to poor	144

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AP World History Unit 3 Review Flashcards

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8894238358	Mayas	A Native American people, living in what is now Mexico and northern Central America, who had a flourishing civilization from before the birth of Jesus until around 1600, when they were conquered by the Spanish. They are known for their astronomical observations, accurate calendars sophisticated hieroglyphics, and pyramids.	0
8894238359	Aztecs	(1200-1521) 1300, they settled in the valley of Mexico. Grew corn. Engaged in frequent warfare to conquer others of the region. Worshipped many gods (polytheistic). Believed the sun god needed human blood to continue his journeys across the sky. Practiced human sacrifices and those sacrificed were captured warriors from other tribes and those who volunteered for the honor.	1
8894238360	Incas	A Native American people who built a notable civilization in western South America in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The center of their empire was in present-day Peru. Francisco Pizarro of Spain conquered the empire.	2
8894238361	Chinampas	floating gardens	3
8894238362	Moche	Civilization of north coast of Peru (200-700 C.E.). An important Andean civilization that built extensive irrigation networks as well as impressive urban centers dominated by brick temples. (p. 313)	4
8894238363	Toltecs	Powerful postclassic empire in central Mexico (900-1168 C.E.). It influenced much of Mesoamerica. Aztecs claimed ties to this earlier civilization.	5
8894238364	Bedouin	nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam.	6
8894238365	Mecca	City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion.	7
8894238366	Medina	City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca. (p. 231)	8
8894238367	Kaaba	(Islam) a black stone building in Mecca that is shaped like a cube and that is the most sacred Muslim pilgrim shrine	9
8894238368	Mohammad	The Founder of Islam. Muslims believe that Mohammad was God's last Prophet and that he received the word of God from the angel Gabriel.	10
8894238369	5 Pillars	make a declaration of faith, pray five times daily, give to charity, fast from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan, pilgrimage to Mecca	11
8894238370	Quran	Book composed of divine revelations made to the Prophet Muhammad between ca. 610 and his death in 632; the sacred text of the religion of Islam.	12
8894238371	Umma	the Muslim community or people, considered to extend from Mauritania to Pakistan	13
8894238372	Shari'a	the divine law, derived from the qur'an and the sunna, encompassing all and setting forth in detail how muslims are to live	14
8894238373	Jihad	a holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal	15
8894238374	Sunni	one of the two main branches of orthodox Islam, a member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad	16
8894238375	Shi'ite	one of the two main branches of orthodox Islam; a member of the branch of Islam that regards Ali as the legitimate successor to Mohammed and rejects the first three caliphs	17
8894238376	Dar al Islam	an Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule	18
8894238377	"people of the book"	what Muslims called Christians and Jews which means that they too only believe in one god.	19
8894238378	Caliph	Successor to Muhammad as political and religious leader of the Muslims	20
8894238379	Sufis	a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life	21
8894238380	Grand Canal	The 1,100-mile waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire.	22
8894238381	Equal Field System	This Chinese system allotted land to individuals and their families according to the land's fertility and the recipients' needs.	23
8894238382	Empress Wu	the only woman to rule China in her own name, expanded the empire and supported Buddhism during the Tang Dynasty.	24
8894238383	Neo-Confucianism	The Confucian response to Buddhism by taking Confucian and Buddhist beliefs and combining them into this. However, it is still very much Confucian in belief.	25
8894238384	Magnetic Compass	Chinese invention that aided navigation by showing which direction was north	26
8894238385	Flying Money	Chinese credit instrument that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency	27
8894238386	Foot binding	practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household	28
8894238387	Sinification	extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions	29
8894238388	Feudalism	a political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service	30
8894238389	Shogun	a hereditary military dictator of Japan	31
8894238390	Daimyo	a japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai	32
8894238391	Samurai	a Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy	33
8894238392	Genin	one of Japan's lower classes; landless laborers who could be bought and sold like slaves	34
8894238393	Shinto	A Japanese religion whose followers believe that all things in the natural world are filled with divine spirits	35
8894238394	Zen Buddhism	school of Mahayana Buddhism asserting that enlightenment can come through meditation and intuition rather than faith	36
8894238395	Vikings	one of a seafaring Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of northern and western from the eighth through the tenth century.	37
8894238396	Norman	belonging or relating to the people from northern France, especially those who invaded England in 1066 and became its rulers, or to the buildings which were made during their rule	38
8894238397	Seljuk Turks	nomadic Turks from Asia who conquered Baghdad in 1055 and allowed the caliph to remain only as a religious leader. they governed strictly	39
8894238398	Eastern Orthodoxy	Religion that rejects the authority of the pope, which is the main difference in religious and moral beliefs dividing it from Roman Catholicism	40
8894238399	Roman Catholic Church	Tone of the three major branches of Christianity; arose out of the division of the Roman Empire by Emperor Diocletian into four governmental regions... centered in Rome	41
8894238400	Pope	the head of the Roman Catholic Church	42
8894238401	Patriarch	title for the heads of the Eastern Orthodox Churches (in Istanbul and Alexandria and Moscow and Jerusalem)	43
8894238402	Iconoclast Movement	Time when Christians objected to the practice of using images or icons in worship	44
8894238403	Charlemagne	Frankish king who conquered most of Europe and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III in the year 800	45
8894238404	Serfs	men of women who were the poorest members of society, peasants who worked the lord's land in exchange for protection	46
8894238405	Manor	A large estate, often including farms and a village, ruled by a lord.	47
8894238406	Fief	land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service	48
8894238407	Chivalry	a code that knights adopted in the late Middle Ages; requiring them to be brave, loyal and true to their word; they had to fight fairly in battle	49
8894238408	Monasticism	a way of life in which men and women withdraw from the rest of the world in order to devote themselves to their faith (Monks)	50
8894238409	Syncretism	a blending of two or more religious traditions	51
8894238410	Guild	A medieval organization of crafts workers or trades people.	52
8894238411	Florence	Where the Renaissance began	53
8894238412	Crusade	any of the more or less continuous military expeditions in the 11-13th centuries when Christian powers of Europe tried to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims	54
8894238413	Pope Urban II	Leader of the Roman Catholic Church who asked European Christians to take up arms against Muslims, starting the Crusades	55
8894238414	Black Plague	A disease that engulfed Europe during the Middle Ages. It killed about one-third of the population and was carried by fleas. Because of this, the feudal system died out.	56
8894238415	Hundred Years War	the series of wars between England and France, 1337-1453, in which England lost all its possessions in France except Calais.	57
8894238416	Anti-Semitism	prejudice against Jews	58
8894238417	The Great Schism	two popes were chosen; divided europe; damaged church - people didn't know who to worship; ended with election of one new pope	59

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