Flashcards
AP Language Rhetorical Terms/Devices Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7885681578 | English | English | 0 | |
| 7885681579 | adage | a proverb or wise saying commonly used (ex: Things are not always as they seem.) | 1 | |
| 7885681580 | allegory | a story in which people, things and happenings have a hidden or symbolic meaning.(fables, parables, apologue have meanings on two or more levels.) | 2 | |
| 7885681581 | alliteration | words used in quick succession and begin with letters belonging to the same sound group; a repetition of similar sounds/letters in the sentence. (Wicked witch of the west went her own way.) | 3 | |
| 7885681582 | allusion | a passing reference to a commonly-known historical, cultural, religious, literary, or mythical person, place, event, or work of art, whereby the reader must make the connection within the current text. | 4 | |
| 7885681583 | ambiguity | multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, passage or sentence; can lead reader toward uncertainty of meaning | 5 | |
| 7885681584 | analogy | establishing a relationship based on similarities between two concepts or ideas; helps convey meaning of a new idea | 6 | |
| 7885681585 | anaphora | the deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect; most commonly found in the Bible (O Lord,.for I am weak.O Lord, heal me. O Lord, have mercy on me.) | 7 | |
| 7885681586 | anecdote | short and interesting story or an amusing event often proposed to support or demonstrate some point and make readers and listeners laugh; Anecdotes can include an extensive range of tales and stories | 8 | |
| 7885681587 | antecedent | word, phrase, or clause that is replaced by a pronoun | 9 | |
| 7885681588 | antimetabole | repetition of words in reverse grammatical order; Ex: "Fair is foul and foul is fair." | 10 | |
| 7885681589 | antithesis | parallel structures of the contrasted phrases or clauses, i.e. the structures of phrases and clauses are similar in order to draw the attention of the listeners or readers; Ex: "One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." | 11 | |
| 7885681590 | apostrophe | speaker talks to someone or something that is obviously not present | 12 | |
| 7885681591 | appositive | a renaming of a noun or noun phrase immediately after first stating the noun | 13 | |
| 7885681592 | archetype | A detail, image, or character type that occurs frequently in literature and myth and is thought to appeal in a universal way to the unconscious and to evoke a response | 14 | |
| 7885681593 | argument | a statement put forth and supported by evidence | 15 | |
| 7885681594 | asyndeton | author purposely leaves out conjunctions in the sentence, while maintaining the grammatical accuracy of the phrase; shortening the statement for greater impact; "Reduce, reuse, recycle." | 16 | |
| 7885681595 | audience | those to whom a piece of literary work is being presented | 17 | |
| 7885681596 | cacophony | Tremendous noise, disharmonious sound | 18 | |
| 7885681597 | characterization | Actions, dialogue, and narrative description that reveal a sense of a character's personality to the reader. | 19 | |
| 7885681598 | circumlocution | an indirect or wordy way of expressing an idea which leaves the reader perplexed; exaggeratedly long and complex sentences in order to convey a meaning that could have otherwise been conveyed through a shorter, much simpler sentence | 20 | |
| 7885681599 | climax | that point in a plot that creates the greatest intensity, suspense, or interest. Also called "turning point" | 21 | |
| 7885681600 | colloquial | Characteristic of ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing | 22 | |
| 7885681601 | concession | An argumentative strategy by which a speaker or writer acknowledges the validity of an opponent's point. | 23 | |
| 7885681602 | conceit | A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects; unusual and unlikely comparisons between two things | 24 | |
| 7885681603 | connotation | associations people make with words that go beyond the literal or dictionary definition | 25 | |
| 7885681604 | context | The parts before or after a word or statement that influence its meaning | 26 | |
| 7885681605 | counter argument | an argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument. | 27 | |
| 7885681606 | cumulative sentence | a sentence in which the main independent clause is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases | 28 | |
| 7885681607 | denotation | Dictionary definition of a word; literal meaning | 29 | |
| 7885681608 | denouement | an outcome or solution; the unraveling of a plot | 30 | |
| 7885681609 | detail | The facts revealed by the author or speaker that support the attitude or tone in a piece of poetry or prose. | 31 | |
| 7885681610 | diction | A writer's or speaker's choice of words | 32 | |
| 7885681611 | elegy | a mournful, melancholy, or plaintive poem, especially a funeral song or a lament for the dead. | 33 | |
| 7885681612 | ellipsis | in a sentence, the omission of a word or words replaced by three periods ... | 34 | |
| 7885681613 | epic | A long narrative poem, written in heightened language, which recounts the deeds of a heroic character who embodies the values of a particular society | 35 | |
| 7885681614 | ethos | One of the fundamental strategies of argumentation identified by Aristotle. Basically an appeal to credibility. The writer is seeking to convince you that he or she has the background, history, skills, and/or expertise to speak on the issue. | 36 | |
| 7885681615 | euphemism | From the Greek for "good speech," euphemisms are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept - POLITICALLY CORRECT | 37 | |
| 7885681616 | exposition | Background information presented in a literary work. | 38 | |
| 7885681617 | hyperbole | A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. (The literal Greek meaning is "overshoot.") Hyperboles often have a comic effect; however, a serious effect is also possible. Often, hyperbole produces irony. | 39 | |
| 7885681618 | imagery | use of words and phrases to create "mental images" for the reader; helps the reader visualize more realistically the author's writings through the usage of metaphors, allusions, descriptive words and similes | 40 | |
| 7885681619 | imperative sentences | gives a command or request; often subject is understood and sentence ends with ! | 41 | |
| 7885681620 | inversion | A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject. | 42 | |
| 7885681621 | verbal irony | Sarcasm; what is said is the opposite of what is meant | 43 | |
| 7885681622 | juxtaposition | placing an idea next to its opposite to emphasize contrast and comparison | 44 | |
| 7885681623 | logos | An appeal to reason. Logos is one of the fundamental strategies of argumentation identified by Aristotle. It occurs when a writer tries to convince you of the logic of his argument. writers may use inductive argumentation or deductive argumentation, but they clearly have examples and generally rational tome to their language. The problem with logos is that is can appear reasonable until you dissect the argument and then find fallacies that defeat the viability of the argument on the reader's eyes. Of course, that presupposes that the readers is able to identify the fallacies. | 45 | |
| 7885681624 | metaphor | A figurative comparison of two unlike things without using the word like or as | 46 | |
| 7885681625 | metonymy | (mĕtŏn′ ĭmē) A term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name," metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. For example, a news release that claims "the White House declared" rather than "the President declared" is using metonymy; Shakespeare uses it to signify the male and female sexes in As You Like It: "doublet and hose ought to show itself courageous to petticoat." The substituted term generally carries a more potent emotional impact. | 47 | |
| 7885681626 | mood | Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader; using specific diction, description, setting, and characterization to create the atmosphere | 48 | |
| 7885681627 | motif | A recurring theme, subject or idea | 49 | |
| 7885681628 | narrative | a fiction, nonfiction, poetic, or dramatic story, actual or fictional, expressed orally or in text. | 50 | |
| 7885681629 | non sequitur | A statement that does not follow logically from evidence | 51 | |
| 7885681630 | occasion | the time and place a speech is given or a piece is written | 52 | |
| 7885681631 | onomatopoeia | A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. Ex: buzz, hiss, hum, crack, whinny, and murmur. | 53 | |
| 7885681632 | organization | In a composition, the arrangement of ideas, incidents, evidence, or details in a perceptible order in a paragraph or essay. | 54 | |
| 7885681633 | oxymoron | A figure of speech consisting of two apparently contradictory terms; Usually reveals a deeper truth through the contradiction. Ex: "without laws, we can have no freedom." Shakespeare's Julius Caesar also makes use of a famous oxymoron: "Cowards die many times before their deaths" | 55 | |
| 7885681634 | pace | Speed with which the author delivers the story controlled by language, mood, emotion played out in speech, dialogue, descriptions. | 56 | |
| 7885681635 | parable | A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson | 57 | |
| 7885681636 | paradox | A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth. | 58 | |
| 7885681637 | parallel structure | repetition of the same pattern of words or phrases within a sentence or passage to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. | 59 | |
| 7885681638 | parody | A humorous or satirical imitation of a serious piece of literature or writing | 60 | |
| 7885681639 | pathos | An appeal to emotion. This is one of the fundamental strategies of argumentation identified by Aristotle. Typically, pathos arguments may use loaded words to make you feel guilty, lonely, worried, insecure, or confused. | 61 | |
| 7885681640 | persona | An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. | 62 | |
| 7885681641 | personification | author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions. | 63 | |
| 7885681642 | point of view | Perspective from which a story is told; omniscient point of view= the person telling the story or narrator knows everything that's going on in the story; first- person point of view the narrator is a character in the story; limited third-person point of view the narrator is outside the story- like an omniscient narrator- but tells the story from the vantage point of one character." | 64 | |
| 7885681643 | polemic | a controversial argument, esp. attacking a particular opinion | 65 | |
| 7885681644 | propaganda | A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information. | 66 | |
| 7885681645 | prose | written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure. | 67 | |
| 7885681646 | purpose | One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing. | 68 | |
| 7885681647 | refutation | The part of an argument wherein a speaker or writer anticipates and counters opposing points of view. | 69 | |
| 7885681648 | repetition | Repeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis | 70 | |
| 7885681649 | rhetoric | From the Greek for "orator," this term describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively. | 71 | |
| 7885681650 | rhetorical appeals | Rhetorical techniques used to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most important or compelling. The three major appeals are to ethos (character), logos (reason), and pathos (emotion). | 72 | |
| 7885681651 | rhetorical question | A question whose answer is assumed; a rhetorical question is designed to force the reader to respond in a predetermined manner and to propel an argument emotionally. | 73 | |
| 7885681652 | rhetorical triangle | A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience ex:Aristotelian triangle |  | 74 |
| 7885681653 | satire | A work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of human behavior by portraying it in an extreme way. It doesn't simply abuse (as in invective) or get personal (as in sarcasm). It targets groups or large concepts rather than individuals. | 75 | |
| 7885681654 | simile | A comparison of two things using like or as | 76 | |
| 7885681655 | symbolism | An ordinary object with an extraordinary significance | 77 | |
| 7885681656 | synecdoche | A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole (as hand for sailor), the whole for a part (as the law for police officer), the specific for the general (as cutthroat for assassin), the general for the specific (as thief for pickpocket), or the material for the thing made from it (as steel for sword). | 78 | |
| 7885681657 | syllogism | A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion. | 79 | |
| 7885681658 | syntax | Language rules that govern how words can be combined to form meaningful phrases and sentences | 80 | |
| 7885681659 | thesis | Focus statement of an essay; premise statement upon which the point of view or discussion in the essay is based. | 81 | |
| 7885681660 | tone | A writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels. | 82 | |
| 7885681661 | transition | A word or phrase that links one idea to the next and carries the reader from sentence to sentence, paragraph to paragraph | 83 | |
| 7885681662 | voice | In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing. | 84 |
AP Language Vocab Lists Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 8950437479 | Allegory | a story, fictional or nonfictional in which characters, things, and events can be interpreted to reveal hidden meaning; typically a moral or political meaning | 0 | |
| 8950437480 | Alliteration | a term that describes a literary stylistic of device; occurs when a cseries of words in a row (or close together) have the same first consonant sound | 1 | |
| 8950437481 | Allusion | an indirect reference to something; calling something to mind without mentioning it explicitly | 2 | |
| 8950437482 | Ambiguity | the quality of being more open to more than one interpretation; inexactness | 3 | |
| 8950437483 | Anadiplosis | beginning a sentence or clause by repeating the last word or words of the previous sentence or clause | 4 | |
| 8950437484 | Analogy | comparison to a directly parallel case; writer uses an analogy, she or he uses a claim reasonable for one case is reasonable for the analogous case | 5 | |
| 8950437485 | Anticlimax | an event, conclusion,statement, etc.; that is far less important, powerful or striking than expected | 6 | |
| 8950437486 | Anaphora | repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row; deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer's point more coherent | 7 | |
| 8950437487 | Antecedent | the word that a pronoun replaces ex. Even though the party was fun, it was crowded "It" is the antecedent, replaces the "party" | 8 | |
| 8950437489 | Antimetabole | figure of speech in which words from the first half of the sentence are repeated in the second half of the sentence in reverse order ex. Live to learn and learn to live. | 9 | |
| 8950501902 | Antithesis | two opposite or contrasting words, phrases, or clauses ex. Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee | 10 | |
| 8950501904 | Aphorism | a short statement which expresses a general truth or moral principle | 11 | |
| 8950501905 | Apostrophe | a figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary parson or personified abstraction; adds emotional intensity | 12 | |
| 8950501906 | Archetype | an original that has been imitated | 13 | |
| 8950501907 | Assonance | when two or more words, close to each other repeat the same vowel sound but start with different consonant sounds ex. that, cat, sat, bat | 14 | |
| 8950501909 | Atmosphere | type of feeling that a reader gets from a narrative, based on details such as setting background, objects and foreshadowing | 15 | |
| 8950501910 | Asyndeton | omission or absence or a conjunction between parts of a sentence | 16 | |
| 8950501911 | Bathos | an effect of the author making something dramatic, often found humorous | 17 | |
| 8950501912 | Independent Clause | part of a sentence that has both a subject and a verb. Independent clauses form a complete thought and are able to stand alone as their own sentence | 18 | |
| 8950501913 | Dependent Clause | part of a sentence that contains both a subject and a verb; has to be joined with an independent to form a proper sentence | 19 | |
| 8950501914 | Chiasmus | made up of two clauses that balance each other out by rearranging their order. The second half of the quote is the first half inverted. ex. "Ask not what you can do for your country, but what your country can do for you." | 20 | |
| 8950528494 | Colloquial | common saying influenced by the way people in a society tend to speak ex. the phrase "it's lit." | 21 | |
| 8950501918 | Connotation | what we think of when we hear a word, or its implied meaning | 22 | |
| 8950578029 | Cumulative or Loose Sentence | main idea is introduced and then more info is at the end | 23 | |
| 8950578030 | Compound Complex Sentence | sentence that contains two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause (The singer bowed while the audience applauded, but she sand no encores.) | 24 | |
| 8950578031 | Coherence | quality of a piece of writing which all the parts contribute to the development of a central idea, theme or organizing principle(The central idea is obtaining a good grade and the different parts are "the student must pass their project in on time.") | 25 | |
| 8950578033 | Denotation | dictionary meaning of a word(gay originally meant lighthearted and carefree but now it refers to homosexuality) | 26 | |
| 8950578034 | Diction | word choice, general style of a author | 27 | |
| 8950578035 | Didactic | a piece of writing used to teach a lesson | 28 | |
| 8950578036 | Discourse | spoken language or written language in a social context (dialogue) 4 modes: description, narration,exposition and argumentation | 29 | |
| 8950578037 | Description | when the author uses details to paint a picture | 30 | |
| 8950578038 | Narration | commentary to a story | 31 | |
| 8950578039 | Exposition | intro to a story in which characters and setting is introduced | 32 | |
| 8950578040 | Argumentation | process of reasoning in support of an idea, action or theory, usually uses examples, warrants reasons | 33 | |
| 8950578041 | Epanalepsis | when a figure of speech which is at the beginning of a sentence repeats at the end(ex. Mankind must put an end to war or war will put an end to mankind.) | 34 | |
| 8950578042 | Epistrophe | repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses or sentences (See no evil, Hear no evil, Speak no evil) | 35 | |
| 8950578043 | Euphemism | replacing a word or phrase with a different one to seem less harsh(You're fired-->I'm going to have to let you go) | 36 | |
| 8950578044 | Metaphor | figure of speech that describes an object or action in a way that isn't true | 37 | |
| 8950578045 | Hyperbole | exaggerated statement not meant to be taken literally | 38 | |
| 8950578046 | Genre | category of literature | 39 | |
| 8950578047 | Figurative Language | personification, similes, metaphors, etc. | 40 | |
| 8950623593 | Parody | an imitation of the style of a particular, writer, artist, or genre with deliberate exaggeration for comic effect | 41 | |
| 8950623594 | Periodic Sentence | a sentence in which the main idea comes last | 42 | |
| 8950623595 | Personification | a type of figurative language which attributes human qualities to non-human subjects | 43 | |
| 8950623596 | Point of View | the perspective from which a narrative is told | 44 | |
| 8950623597 | Polysyndeton | a rhetorical term for a sentence style that employs the repetition of coordinating conjunctions ex. Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of the appointed rounds. (repetition of nor) | 45 | |
| 8950623598 | Pun | a play on words for humorous effects | 46 | |
| 8950623599 | Rhetoric | the art of effective communication/persuasion | 47 | |
| 8950623600 | Sarcasm | a generally bitter comment that is ironically worded (not all ironic statements are sarcastic) Sarcasm is usually a way to mock or ridicule something while irony isn't | 48 | |
| 8950623601 | Satire | a work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of life to a humorous effect; targets human vices and follies, or social institutions and conventions (usually uses wit, irony, parody, caricature, hyperbole, sarcasm) | 49 | |
| 8950623602 | Semantics | the nature, structure, development and changes of the meanings of speech forms or with contextual meaning | 50 | |
| 8950623603 | Simile | a figurative usage that compares using "like", "as" or "if" | 51 | |
| 8950623604 | Style | the choices in diction, tone, and syntax, that a writer makes; may be conscious or unconscious | 52 | |
| 8950623605 | Symbol/Symbolism | anything that represents or stands for something else; usually something concrete such as an object, actions, character that represents something more abstract | 53 | |
| 8950623606 | Synecdoche | the whole can represent a part; taking a part of something and making it represent a whole ex. Look at my new wheels! (wheels=car) | 54 | |
| 8950623607 | Synesthetic Imagery | detail that moves from the stimulation of one sense to a response by another sense, as a certain odor induces the visualization of certain color, or when visual stimulus produces a sound ex.Lenny thinks his album is heat.(heat=good) | 55 | |
| 8950623608 | Syntax | grammatical arrangement of words | 56 | |
| 8950623609 | Tone | a writer's attitude toward his subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language and organization | 57 | |
| 8950623610 | Attitude | a writer's intellectual position or emotion regarding the subject he or she is writing on | 58 | |
| 8950623611 | Understatement | the ironic minimizing of fact, understatement presents something as less significant than it is, the effect can be frequently be humorous | 59 | |
| 8950623612 | Vernacular | Language or dialect of a particular country, Language or dialect of a clan or group, Plain everyday speech | 60 | |
| 8951071859 | Homily | This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice. | 61 | |
| 8951071860 | Imagery | Word or words that create a picture in the reader's mind. Usually this involves the 5 senses; authors often use imagery in conjunction with metaphors, similes, figures of speech to convey information about characters. | 62 | |
| 8951071861 | Invective | An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language. | 63 | |
| 8951071862 | Imperative sentence | Issues a command (Example: Kick the ball now!) | 64 | |
| 8951071863 | Verbal irony | When you say something and mean the opposite/something different.(example, if your gym teacher wants you to run a mile in eight minutes or faster, but calls it a "walk in the park") If your voice tone is bitter, it's called sarcasm. | 65 | |
| 8951071865 | Dramatic irony | when the audience of a drama, play, movie, etc. knows something that the character doesn't and would be surprised to find out. (Example, in many horror movies, we (the audience) know who the killer is, while the victim to be has no idea who is doing the slaying)sometimes the character trusts the killer completely when (ironically) he/she shouldn't. | 66 | |
| 8951071868 | Situational irony | found in the plot (or storyline) of a book, story, or movie. Sometimes it makes you laugh because it's funny how things turn out. (example: Johnny spent two hours planning on sneaking into the movie theater and missed the movie. When he finally did manage to sneak inside he found out that kids were admitted free that day). | 67 | |
| 8951071872 | Juxtaposition | Placing things side by side for the purposes of comparison. Comparison of things or ideas. authors often use juxtaposition of ideas or examples in order to make a point.(For example, an author may juxtapose the average day of a typical American with that of someone in the third world in order to make a point of social commentary). | 68 | |
| 8951071876 | Metonymy | substituting the name of one object for another object closely associated with it: e.g., "The pen is mightier than the sword," "I love Shakespeare." | 69 | |
| 8951071878 | Mood | The atmosphere created by the literature and accomplished through word choice (diction). Setting, tone, and events can all affect the mood. | 70 | |
| 8951071880 | Motif | a standard theme, element, or dramatic situation that recurs in various works. | 71 | |
| 8951071881 | Onomatopoeia | A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of the words. When the word sounds like the idea it communicates: "murmur", "gurgle", "roar", "buzz". If you identify this in a passage, make sure to explain WHY the author chose to use it...how does it impact the passage. | 72 | |
| 8951071884 | Oxymoron | A rhetorical antithesis "wise fool" " eloquent silence", "jumbo shrimp". Apparently contradictory terms are grouped together and suggest a paradox. | 73 | |
| 8951071886 | Paradox | A seemingly contradictory statement which is actually true. An idea which embeds a contradiction. (Example: "You can't get a job without experience, and you can't get experience without getting a job".) | 74 | |
| 8951071889 | Parallelism | Also known as parallel construction. Sentence construction which places equal grammatical constructions near each other or repeats patterns IT IS THE REPETITION OF STRUCTURE NOT THE REPETITION OF IDEAS IN DIFFERENT WORDS. It may involve two or three modifiers in a row or repeated beginnings of longer sentences. The author might repeat a preposition, or verbal two or more times. (ex.Julius Caesar "I came, I saw, I conquered".) | 75 | |
| 8951071894 | Natural Order of a Sentence | Sentences that we generally write with the subject before the predicate.(The dog ran down the street.) | 76 | |
| 8951071895 | Inverted Order of a Sentence | Sentences where part or all of the predicate comes before the subject. The subject is a little harder to find in this type of sentence. Find the verb and ask who or what did that verb.(Down the street ran the dog.) | 77 | |
| 8951071897 | Split Order of a Sentence | Divides the predicate into two parts with the subject coming in the middle,(Down the street the dog ran.) | 78 |
Flashcards
AP World History Period 4 Part 3 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6725833649 | Letrados | university-trained lawyers from Spain; basic personnel of the Spanish colonial bureaucratic system | 0 | |
| 6725835758 | Viceroyalties | major divisions of Spanish New World colonies headed by direct representatives of the king; one based in Lima, the other in Mexico City | 1 | |
| 6725838529 | Audiencia | royal courts of appeals established in Spanish New World colonies; staffed by professional magistrates who made and applied laws | 2 | |
| 6725841938 | Captaincies | areas along the Brazilian coast granted to Portuguese nobles for colonial development | 3 | |
| 6725845508 | Paulistas | backwoodsmen from Sao Paula, Brazil; penetrated Brazilian interior in search of precious metals during the 17th century | 4 | |
| 6725851410 | Sociedad de castas | Spanish American social system based on racial origins; Europeans on top, mixed race in middle, Indians and African slaves at the bottom | 5 | |
| 6726139098 | Peninsulares | Spanish-born residents of the New World | 6 | |
| 6726142812 | Creoles | people of European ancestry born in Spanish New World colonies; dominated local economies; ranked socially below peninsulares | 7 | |
| 6726146894 | Amigos del pais | clubs and associations dedicated to reform in Spanish colonies; flourished during the 18th century; called for material improvement rather than political reform | 8 | |
| 6726153605 | War of the Spanish Succession | Wide-ranging war fought between European nations; resulted in the installation of Philip of Anjou as king of Spain(1702-1703) | 9 | |
| 6726162514 | Comunero Revolt | popular revolt against Spanish rule in New Granada in 1781; suppressed due to government concessions and divisions among rebels | 10 | |
| 6726167803 | Factories | trading stations with resident merchants established by the Portuguese and other Europeans | 11 | |
| 6726169813 | Nzinga Mvemba | ruler of the Kongo kingdom (1507-1543); converted to Christianity; his efforts to integrate Portuguese and African ways foundered because of the slave trade | 12 | |
| 6726173764 | Royal African Company | chartered in Britain in the 1660s to establish a monopoly over the African trade; supplied slaves to British New World colonies | 13 | |
| 6726177679 | Indies piece | in the complex exchange system of the west African trade; based on the value of an adult male slave | 14 | |
| 6726184072 | Triangular trade | complex commercial pattern linking Africa, the Americas, and Europe; slaves from Africa went to the New World; American agricultural products went to Europe; European goods went to Africa | 15 | |
| 6726188911 | Dahomey | African state among the Fon peoples; developed in the 17th century centered at Abomey; became a major slave trading state through utilization of Western firearms | 16 | |
| 6726202890 | Usuman Dan Dodio | Muslim Fulani leader who launched a great religious movement among the Hausa | 17 | |
| 6726206076 | Great Trek | movement inland during the 1830s of Dutch-ancestry settlers in South Africa seeking to escape their British colonial government | 18 | |
| 6726210102 | Shaka | ruler among the Nguni peoples of southeast Africa during the early 19th century; developed military tactics that created the Zulu state | 19 | |
| 6726213520 | Mfecane | wars among Africans in southern Africa during the early 19th century; caused migration and alterations in African political organization | 20 | |
| 6726215746 | Middle Passage | slave voyage from Africa to the Americas; a deadly and traumatic experience | 21 | |
| 6726220042 | Saltwater slaves | name given to slaves born in Africa; distinguished from American-born descendants, the creoles | 22 | |
| 6726227169 | Obeah | African religious practices in the British American islands | 23 | |
| 6726231000 | Candomble | African religious practices in Brazil among the Yoruba | 24 | |
| 6726235236 | Vodun | African religious practices among descendants in Haiti | 25 | |
| 6726239582 | Ottomans | Turkic-speaking people who advanced into Asia Minor during the 14th century; established an empire in the Middle East, north Africa, and eastern Europe that lasted until after World War I | 26 | |
| 6726419365 | Mehmed II | "The Conqueror"; Ottoman sultan; captured Constantinople in 1453 and destroyed the Byzantine Empire | 27 | |
| 6726425771 | Janissaries | conscripted youths from conquered regions who were trained as Ottoman infantry divisions; became an important political influence after the 15th century | 28 | |
| 6726429396 | Vizier | head of the Ottoman bureaucracy; after the 15th century often more powerful than the sultan | 29 | |
| 6726435591 | Safavid dynasty | founded by a Turkic nomad family with Shi'a Islamic beliefs; established a kingdom in Iran and ruled until 1722 | 30 | |
| 6726514144 | Sail al-Din | Eponymous founder of the Safavids; Sufi mystic; leader of the Read Heads | 31 | |
| 6726516853 | Chaldiran | an important battle between the Safavids and Ottomans in 1514; Ottoman victory demonstrated the importance of firearms and checked the western advance of the Safavid Shi'a state | 32 | |
| 6726520459 | Abbas I (the Great) | Safavid shah (1587-1629); extended the empire to its greatest extent; used Western military technology | 33 | |
| 6726530239 | Imams | Shi'a religious leaders who traced their descent to Ali's successors | 34 | |
| 6726533118 | Mullahs | religious leaders under the Safavids; worked to convert all subjects to Shi'ism | 35 | |
| 6726535946 | Mughal dynasty | established by Turkic invaders in 1526; endured until the mid-19th century | 36 |
Flashcards
AP Literature Terms #2 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 8243550460 | Pastoral | a work of literature portraying an idealized version of country life. |  | 0 |
| 8243550501 | Elegy | a poem of serious reflection, typically a lament for the dead. |  | 1 |
| 8243556049 | Hyperbole | exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally |  | 2 |
| 8243556050 | Dramatic monologue | a poem in the form of a speech or narrative by an imagined person, in which the speaker inadvertently reveals aspects of their character while describing a particular situation or series of events. |  | 3 |
| 8243560173 | Slant rhyme | a rhyme in which the stressed syllables of ending consonants match, however the preceding vowel sounds do not match. |  | 4 |
| 8243573839 | Iambic pentameter | a line of verse with five metrical feet, each consisting of one short (or unstressed) syllable followed by one long (or stressed) syllable |  | 5 |
| 8243577983 | Polysyndeton | a literary technique in which conjunctions (e.g. and, but, or) are used repeatedly in quick succession, often with no commas, even when the conjunctions could be removed. |  | 6 |
| 8243582758 | Couplet | two lines of verse, usually in the same meter and joined by rhyme, that form a unit. |  | 7 |
| 8243592739 | Elizabethan sonnet | a type of sonnet much used by Shakespeare, written in iambic pentameter and consisting of three quatrains and a final couplet with the rhyme scheme abab cdcd efef gg. |  | 8 |
| 8243596525 | Trochaic pentameter | a literary device that can be defined as a line in verse or poetry that has five strong metrical feet or beats. | 9 | |
| 8243616204 | Trochaic tetrameter | is a meter in poetry. It refers to a line of four trochaic feet |  | 10 |
| 8243620175 | Iambic tetrameter | is a meter in poetry. It refers to a line consisting of four iambic feet. |  | 11 |
| 8243620176 | Exact rhyme | is rhyming two words in which both the consonant sounds and vowel sounds match to create a rhyme. |  | 12 |
| 8243625007 | Chiasmus | a rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form |  | 13 |
Flashcards
AP World History: Themes Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5279833204 | ENV [Human-Environment Interaction] | Interactions between humans and the environment (demography and disease; migration; patterns of settlement; technology) | 0 | |
| 5279848652 | CUL [Cultures, Religions, and Creativity] | Development and interaction of cultures {religions; belief systems, philosophies, ideologies; science and technology; arts and architecture) | 1 | |
| 5279864855 | SB [State-Building and Politics] | State building, expansion, and conflict (political structures and forms of governance; empires; nations and nationalism; revolts and revolutions; regional, trans-regional, and global structures and organizations) | 2 | |
| 5279882706 | ECON [Economic and Labor Systems] | Creation, expansion, and interaction of economic systems (agricultural and pastoral production; trade and commerce; labor systems; industrialization; capitalism and socialism) | 3 | |
| 5279896433 | SOC [Social Structures and Gender Roles] | Development and transformation of social structures (gender roles and relations; family and kinship; racial and ethnic constructions; social and economic classes) | 4 |
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