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AP World History Period 6 Flashcards

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9760556606Allies (Triple Entente)included Britain, France, Italy, Russia, and the United States, Belgium0
9760556607Central Powers (Triple Alliance)Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire1
9760556608Influenza Epidemica huge flu that went around towards the end of the war due to soldiers coming home2
9760556609League of NationsAn organization of nations formed after World War I to promote cooperation and peace but U.S never joined.3
9760556610Paris Peace ConferenceThe peace conference that decided the terms of WWI peace and Treaty of Versailles. Germany had to pay for the war, take full credit, and lose military.4
9760556611Russian RevolutionVladimir Lenin led this to establish a communist state in Russia inspired from communist manifesto. Leaded Bolshevik party. Paid him to return to Russia.5
9760556612Tzar Nicholas IIEmperor of Russia- last and before Lenin came.6
9760556613RasputinSiberian peasant monk who was religious advisor in the court of Nicholas II and couldn't kill him.7
9760556614Russia 1917Revolution began and men and women went on strike, tzar stepped down.8
9760556615MensheviksThe smaller and more moderate faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party before World War I. Middle class supposed Tzar9
9760556616BolsheviksA party of revolutionary Marxists, led by Vladimir Lenin, who seized power in Russia in 1917.10
9760556617Gulagsharsh Soviet labor camps often located in Siberia11
9760556618Weimar Republicthe republic that was established in Germany in 1919 and ended in 193312
9760556619Gandhipolitical and spiritual leader during India's struggle with Great Britain for home rule13
9760556620Partition of IndiaIndia was separated into 2 countries Pakistan for Muslims and India for Hindus14
9760556621Technological advances in WW1Poison gas, machine guns, tanks, submarines, airplanes.15
9760556622Total Warthe channeling of a nation's entire resources into a war effort16
9760556623Armenian GenocideThe massacre of Armenians conducted by Turkey during WWI17
9760556624Democracy struggle in AfricaWestern style doesn't work, creating national unity is difficult when leaders are dictators. Western countries didn't want to election African government18
9760556625After WW1U.S and Russia emerge as world superpowers, rest of world falls into global depression.19
9760556626FascismA totalitarian form of government where one person rules. (Italy- Benito Mussolini) and (Spain- Francisco Franco) Violet strikes, unrest in rural areas, unemployment.20
9760556627GuernicaNazi Germany casual bombing of the Spanish down during the Spanish civil war. Franco and Hitler were friends. Hitler hated communists, anarchist, and socialist, so Hitler bombs with Franco's permission. Franco= led spanish civil war, nationalist21
9760556628Causes of WWIIAggression by Germany, Italy, Japan, Nationalism, Failed Treaty of Versailles, Appeasment22
9760556629Hitler brought Germany out of the Depressionthrough rearmament and public works.23
9760556630Potsdam ConferenceThe first meeting of the Big Three; before war ended. U.S and Soviet's in bad terms.24
9760556631Berlin AirliftThe Allies response to the Soviets blockade of West Berlin25
9760556632NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)A 1949 military alliance initiated by the US, Canada, and 10 Western European nations26
9760556633Warsaw PactA military alliance, formed in 1955, of the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellite nations.27
9760556634Stalin's 5 Year PlanBring the Soviet's back up to western powers, farms became state run and quotas set in factories. Forgot agriculture and people starved.28
9760556635KulaksThe well off peasants who were starved or shipped to the gulags- wealthy farm owners29
9760556636Collectivization- StalinPutting smaller farms together into one large farm so as to increase productivity30
9760556637MauzadangParis peace conference failed to meet with China31
9760556638May Fourth MovementA 1919 protest in China against the Treaty of Versailles and foreign influence.32
9760556639Chiang Kai-shekLeader of the Nationalist forces in China33
9760556640Great Leap Forward• Mao Zedong's attempt to build Chinese industry and agriculture34
9760556641Cultural RevolutionViolent attempt at social change in China launched by Mao Zedong35
9760556642JudaismSacred text is the Tanaka or Hebrew Bible Torah= a part of the Tanaka, first of the five books Ex= crusades, holocaust36
9760556643Jewish persecutionPersecution of Jews was made worse as people blamed Jews for the plague, crusades, ww137
9760556644ZionismA policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine.38
9760556645Turkey and PersiaOttoman Empire lost a lot of land after ww1, mostly giving all to Greece. Rebellion began.39
9760556646Ataturkname taken by Mustafa Kemal, the founder of modern Turkey, meaning "Father of the Turks" and wanted to westernize turkey. Encourages industry, railroads40
9760556648Reza Khan- Persiashah who modernized Persia41
9760556649Pan Arabism/Pan Africanismmovement in which Arabs sought to unite all Arabs into one state42
9760556650Cold Warthe power struggle between the Soviet Union and the United States after World War II43
9760556651Marshall PlanA United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe. Remove trade barriers, modernize industry, rebuild after war. Stop communism from spreading44
9760556652CambodiaGranted independence from France after ww245
9760556653Khmer Rougea communist organization formed in Cambodia in 1970 slaughter and famine followed.46
9760556654Pol PotLeader of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, who terrorized the people of Cambodia throughout the 1970's47
9760556655Latin AmericaDependence on industry, high debt, dictatorship, debates over land reform, wealth issues.48
9773056692China AfterMao dies, more moderate leaders took over China. Deng Xiaoping took over and more into economics. Farmers don't own land. Experienced economic boom.49
9773086752Four Modernization in ChinaAgriculture, Industrialization, education, and militarism50
9773159708Tienanmen SquareThousands of students protested in Beijing calling for democracy. Military sent and many killed and injured.51
9773251672One Child Policy52
9773340792AfricaSocialism vs Capitalism Gravitated towards socialism Dictators Droughts, Epidemic,53
9773396977Apartheid Divides in South AfricaRacial segregation, kept whites in control, Nelson Mandela.54
9773428694Green RevolutionGrow more food with less land. 2nd agriculture revolution. Methods, machinery, pesticides, seeds.55
9789556280Lenin1917- exiled. Germany sent him in to start Russian revolution. Leader of bolsheviks and his brother was executed.56
9789556281Red and WhitesReds= communist and Lenin supporters Whites= Tzar57
9789556282ChekaThe secret police under Lenin and his Communist Party58
9789556283diseasePandemic= widespread Epidemic= one area59
9789556284HitlerRebuilds Germany through military60
9789556285Causes of world war 2Fear of another war, aggression of axis powers= Germany, Italy, Ottoman Empire61
9789556286Palestinian vs IsraelSame land and Jews and Muslims fight over it for holy land, at first Jews were welcomed and later weren't62
9789556287IndiaGandhi, salt March, Hindus vs Muslims63
9789556288CambodiaPol Pot imposes communist values64
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AP World History Chapter 2 Margin Questions Flashcards

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4771509982When and where did the first civilizations emerge?The first civilizations emerged around 3500 B.C.E. to 3000 B.C.E. The three civilizations that emerged were the Mesopotamians, the Egyptians, and the Norte Chico civilizations.0
4771509983What accounts for the initial breakthroughs to civilization?Agricultural Revolutions allowed communities to produce food that would support large populations. This allowed for the development of technology like reading and writing. This gave civilizations an advantage over gather hunters.1
4771509984What was the role of cities in early civilizations?•political and administrative centers •centers of culture including art, architecture, literature, ritual, and ceremony •marketplaces for both local and long-distance exchange •centers of manufacturing activity2
4771509985In what ways was social inequality expressed in early civilizations?Social inequality was expressed in many early civilizations. For example, the early Mesopotamians were subdivided into different categories. Social inequality was expressed through class, hunting and agriculture, technology, and etc. This caused the upper class to be treated better. A free-born commoner were punished if they stuck a man higher than himself.3
4771509986In what ways have historians tried to explain the origins of patriarchy?Gender roles were very common in early civilizations. Men went and did the hard work in the family. They were allowed to have multiple wives and they can control all of them. The women had roles that were easy and most of the times indoors. They were only in control for cleaning, cooking, and having children. The book says most of the time the women were pregnant, trying to increase population. They could not do "manly" work while pregnant.4
4771509987How did Mesopotamian and Egyptian patriarchy differ from each other?Mesopotamians and Egyptians viewed women very differently. In Mesopotamian civilizations, men were in control of the women. Women who were married must wear a veil. Women who were slaves or prostitutes would not wear a veil. Egyptians allowed women to make major decisions for themselves and others. They could sign their marriage and divorce papers and they did not have to wear a veil.5
4771509988What were the sources of state authority in the First Civilizations?The state solved many problems in the First Civilizations. They organized the irrigation systems of the river valley civilizations. They defended the city/territory against aggressive outsiders. They also broke up fights and conflicts that people caused.6
4771509989In what ways did Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations differ from each other?Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations are very different from each other. Although both civilizations rivers flooded, the Egyptians could predict when the Nile river would flood. This prevented their crops from being destroyed. However the Mesopotamians would not predict the floods. The Egyptians were protected from invasion, while the Mesopotamians were not, The Mesopotamians had strict rules for the women as Egyptian women had more control. Cities in Egypt were not very important while they were to the Mesopotamians.7
4771509990In what ways were Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations shaped by their interactions with near and distant neighbors?The Egyptian agriculture drew upon wheat and barely. The Egyptians received wheat and barely from the Mesopotamia. They also received domesticated donkeys, cattle, and watermelons. The Hitties influenced both Egypt and Mesopotamia by bringing domesticated horses, carts with wheels, and technology.8
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AP World History: Vocabulary #2 Flashcards

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7281464224GilgameshA legendary king of the Sumerian city state of Uruk who is supposed to have ruled sometime during the first half of the 3rd millennium bc.0
7281464225Epic of GilgameshRecounts of his exploits in an ultimately unsuccessful quest for immortality.1
7281466382Hammurabi's Laws (or Code of Hammurabi)A well-preserved Babylonian law code, dating back to about 1772 BC. It is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world.2
7281503856code of Ur-Nammu (Sumer)The oldest known law code surviving today. It is from Mesopotamia and is written on tablets, in the Sumerian language.3
7281608437ZigguratA rectangular stepped tower, sometimes surmounted by a temple, first attested in the late 3rd millennium bc and probably inspired the biblical story of the Tower of Babel.4
7281610180Semitic Migrants Sumerian City StatesIndependent cities constructed around temples and entirely self-contained within mighty perimeter walls. City-states were unified with each other only by their shared use of the Sumerian language.5
7281610181EmpireAn extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress.6
7281610182Iron Metallurgyferrous metallurgy using iron and its alloys.7
7281612323Cuneiforma system of writing first developed by the ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia c. 3500-3000 BCE.8
7281612324Ten CommandmentsThe divine rules of conduct given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai, according to the biblical book of Exodus.9
7281614331PolynesianOf or relating to Polynesia, it people, or their languages.10
7281626192MonotheismThe doctrine or belief that there is only one God.11
7281626193HebrewsA member of an ancient Semitic people claiming descent from Abraham; an Israelite.12
7281628468Judaism (Importance of Abraham, Moses, and David)The collective monotheistic religion of the Jews.13
7281628469Phoenician TradeUnable to find definition.14
7281630394HieroglyphicsEnigmatic or incomprehensible symbols or writing.15
7281630395Alphabet and the PhoeniciansThe oldest, verified, non-pictographic, consonantal alphabet.16
7293028494HittitesAn Ancient Anatolian people who established an empire centered on Hattusa in north-central Anatolia around 1600 BC.17
7293031837War ChariotsA carriage-like vehicle used in ancient times with two wheels and driven by horses mostly used for war18
7293034185Vedic ReligionThe ancient religion of the Aryan peoples who entered northwestern India from Persia c. 2000-1200 bc that became the precursor of Hinduism.19
7293036880Zoroastrianisma monotheistic pre-Islamic religion of ancient Persia founded by Zoroaster in the 6th century bc.20
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AP World History Chapter 22 (Strayer) Flashcards

Chapter 23 Independence and Development in the Global South, 1914 - Present

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6316204076Decolonization1914-Present : Process in which many African and Asian states won their independence from Western colonial rule, in most cases by negotiated settlement with gradual political reforms and a program of investment rather than through military confrontation0
6316204077Indian National Congress1914-Present : Organization established in 1885 by Western-educated elite Indians in an effort to win a voice in governance of India; over time, the INC became a major popular movement that won India's independence from Britain1
6316204078Mahatma Gandhi1914-Present : Usually referred to by his sobriquet "Mahatma" (Great Soul), Gandhi (1869-1948) was a political leader and the undoubted spiritual leader of the Indian drive or independence from Great Britain2
6316204079Satyagraha1914-Present : Literally, "truth force"; Mahatma Gandhi's political philosophy, which advocated confrontational but nonviolent political action3
6316204080Muslim League1914-Present : The All-India Muslim League, created in 1906, was a response to the Indian national Congress in India's struggle for independance from Britain; the League's leader, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, argued that regions of India with a Muslim majority should form a separate state called Pakistan4
6316204081Muhammad Ali Jinnah1914-Present : LEader of India's All India Muslim League and first president of the breakaway state of Pakistan (1876-1948)5
6316204082African National Congress1914-Present : South African political party established in 1912 by elite Africans who sought to win full acceptance in colonial society; it only gradually became a popular movement that came to control the government in 19946
6316204083Nelson Mandela1914-Present : South African nationalist (b. 1918) and leader of the African National Congress who was imprisoned for twenty - seven years on charges of treason, sabotage and conspiracy to over through the apartheid government of South Africa; he was elected president of South Africa in 1994, four years after he was finally released from prison7
6316204084Black Consciousness1914-Present : South African movement that sought to foster pride, unity and political awareness among the country's African majority and often resorted to violent protest against white minority rule8
6316204085Soweto1914-Present : Impoverished black neighborhood outside Johannesburg, South Africa, and the site of a violent uprising in 1976 in which hundreds were killed; that rebellion began a series of violent protests and strikes that helped end apartheid9
6316204086Democracy in Africa1914-Present : A subject of debate among scholars, the democracies established in the wake of decolonization in Africa proved to be fragile and often fell to military coups or were taken over by single-party authoritarian systems; Africa's initial rejection of democracy has sometimes been taken as a sign that Africans were not ready for democratic politics or that traditional African culture did not support it10
6316204087Economic Development1914-Present : A process of growth or increasing production and the distribution of the proceeds of that growth to raise living standards; nearly universal desire for economic development in the second half of the twentieth century reflected a cultural belief that poverty was no longer inevitable11
6316204088Kemal Ataturk1914-Present : Founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey (1881 - 1938); as military commander and leader of the Turkish national movement, he made Turkey into a secular state12
6316204089Ayatollah Khomeini1914-Present : Important Shia ayattolah (advanced scholar of Islamic law and religion) who became the leader of Iran's Islamic revolution and ruled Iran from 1979 until his death in 198913
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AP World History (Africa) Flashcards

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7974875653How many languages and dialects does Sub-Saharan Africa have?about 2,0000
7974875654Of what tribe are most of the people in Africa descendents from?Bantu1
7974875655Obstacles to increasing the size of local populations and the number of workers were....Insect and animal borne diseases in sub-saharan regions2
7974875656Describe the basic features of Sub-saharan societies.Small commnuties. The people hunted, herded, and had limited agriculture. Metal working & story telling abilities. Role of story telling in educating young people about moral values and religious beliefs were important.3
7974875657Describe the art and culture in Africa.Carving & sculpture (especially wood and ivory) Metal sculptures, bronze and iron statures, detailed bronze, brass, and copper sculptures of head ornaments, animal figures, and relief pictures depicting court life.4
7974875658Great Zimbabwe stood out because of its.......impressive stone buildings and walls.5
7974875659What did Zimbabwe use for decortations on buildings?Coral6
7974875660What were the professional story tellers called?Bards7
7974875661What did the bards do?They chronicled history and social custom.8
7974875662What is an animistic faith based on?The worship of the spirts of animals and ancestors.9
7974875663Who penetrated to the south of Africa, capturing Africans and forcing them into bondage?Arabs from the Middle East10
7974875664Some traders owned how many slaves apiece?more than 1,00011
7974875665Traders spread the Islam faith through the......north and the west of Africa12
7974875666What country had the great city of Timbuktu?Mali13
7974875667Who was the major supplier of gold to the world economy?Ghana14
7974875668Which two metals were more valuable than gold to the Africans?Iron and copper15
7974875669What carried iron, copper, and copper alloy across the Sahara?Caravans16
7974875670What was the cause of Ghana's immediate downfall?Muslim conquest17
7974875671Name two powerful central African states.Kongo and Benin18
7974875672Mutapa and Great Zimbabwe controlled 700 miles of the...Zambezi river basin19
7974875673The height of Great Zimbabwe was in....1000-1400 C.E.20
7974875674Describe Great Zimbabwe.It was a political and religious center. It was a great walled city that encircled 193 acres and consisted of 20,000 people.21
7974875675When did Great Zimbabwe collapse?In the mid-to- late 1400's22
7974875676In east Africa, what was traded the most along the Indian Ocean Trade network?Ivory and Slaves23
7974875677African made goods were reaching China by the tenth and eleventh centuries by the means of....the Indian Ocean trade network24
7974875678Describe the urban centers in the East African city states.About 40 of them were sprinkled along the 1,500 mile stretch of coast running from Mogadishu to the south. They were multi-ethnic & ruled by Arab sheiks (who were the leaders of rich mercantile familes)25
7974875679Name four key cities in East Africa.Malindi, Mobasa, Sofala, and Zanzibar26
7974875680East Africa was very diverse, containing native Africans of many types. Name a few.Arabs, Turks, and other Middle Easterners, along with Indians and others from South and Southeast Asia.27
7974875681When did East Africa have a booming economy?1200 to 1500 C.E.28
7974875682In what two parts of northeastern Africa was Christianity a dominant religion?Islamic Egypt and the Sudan29
7974875683Which African country had a Christian Kingdom for many centuries?Ethiopia30
7974875684What year did the Ethiopians visit Italy?130631
7974875685When did Ethiopia become a Christian autocracy?In the 1500's32
7974875686Describe Askia Mohammed (1493-1528 C.E.)He gained power by killing his uncle. He was a muslim and a skilled general who sponspered art and scholership. He expanded Songhai's bounderies greatly.33
7974875687Describe Songhai.Prospered during most of the 1500's C.E. until its conquest by Morracco (1590)34
7974875688Describe Kongo.Located in west central Africa. In the 1600-1700's, Kongo split into a number of smaller states.35
7974875689What were west and central Africa rich in?Ivory, gold, foodstuffs, and animal hides.36
7974875690When did the Europeans arrive on the African coast? Who was first?1400's, the Portuguese were first37
7974875691What did the Europeans seek control over upon arriving?The gold and ivory trade networks38
7974875692Describe the role of women in West and Central Africa.Mother, wife, and sisters of the chief would play an influential role in each group. Sometimes, women were involved in co-rulerships or even became chiefs themselves. Women sold surplus produce from their land and some administered the market system on a larger scale. Women's councils formed to administer the markets.39
7974875694Which cities were the ones to cooperate with the European slave trade?Oyo, Benin, Dahomey, Kongo, and the Asante kingdom.40
7974875695Who founded the Asante Kingdom in 1680?Osei Tutu41
7974875696The leaders of the Asante Kingdom sold gold and slaves in exchange for....muskets and gunpowder.42
7974875697When did Dutch settlers arrive in Africa?165243
7974875698What was the chief city of the Dutch?Cape Town44
7974875699What were Boers? Describe them.(possible essay question)Dutch settlers. They enslaved the nearest African tribe, Xhosa. Many wars broke out between the Boers and Zulu. When the entire region came under British control (in the early 1800's), the boers continued to live there.45
7974875700What was Vasco de Gama's jumping off point in 1498 to Calcult, India?the East African port of Malindi46
7974875701The Portuguese conquered a chain of cities along the East African coast during the early 1500's. What did they turn them into, and give some examples.They turned them into colonies and garrisons. Some examples include Malindi, Kilwa, Sofala, Mozambique and Mombasa.47
7974875702What was African culture's most dominant medium?Sculpture48
7974875703Other characteristics of African culture include...masks & elaborate beadwork, wood carvings, sculpture, metal work, painting, woven basketry, and melded gold into elaborate swords of state, brightly colored wall paintings of holy events in churches.49
7974875704Who was arcitecture influenced by?Arabs and Europe colonists who built fortresses and residents in East and West Africa50
7974875705Desribe the orgins of the Atlantic Slave Trade.Portuguese began the process. The slave trade became a central part of the European economy. Starting in 1441 C.E. slaves were taken to Portugal and sold in Europe. (1,000 slaves per year)51
7974875706What were the reasons for expansions of the Atlantic slave trade?There was an increase in demand for African slaves. Needed help planting, harvesting, and refining sugar.52
7974875707When and where did the Portuguese begin usuing slaves on the sugar plantations?1490 C.E. / Sao Tome53
7974875708What year did the Portuguese bring the first recorded shipment of slaves directly from Africa to the new world?1518 C.E.54
7974875709What percentage of slaves went to Brazil?37%55
7974875710What percentage of slaves went to Spanish America?15%56
7974875711What was the destination for fully 41 percent of all slaves taken from Africa?the Caribbean57
7974875712Southern colonies of North America recieved how much of all slaves?5%58
7974875713Describe the Triangle Trade.European manufactured goods (metal ware, cotton textiles, processed alchol, firearms) would be bought to Africa and exchanged for gold, ivory, timber. Slaves were taken to the Americas and sold for hard cash or traded for goods.59
7974875714Describe the scramble for Africa.In the late 19th century, the European imperial powers engaged in a major territorial scramble and occupied most of the continent, creating many colonial territories. Egypt and Sudan were never formally incorporated into any European colonial empire; however, Egypt was effectivly under British administration (until 1922) after the British occupation of 1882.60
7974875715Which two African states were left fully independent?Ethiopia (Abyssinia) and Liberia61
7974875716What was the Berlin Conference?an important event in the political future of African ethnic groups. Held in 1884-1885. Attended by the European powers that laid claim to African territories. It sought to bring an end to the scramble for Africa by European powers by agreeing on political division and spheres of influence.62
7974875717Who convened the Berlin Conference?King Leopold 11 of Belguim63
7974875718How many soverign countries make up Africa today?5464
7974875719What happened to African states since colonialism?They have frequently been hampered by instablilty, corruption,violence, and authoritarianism. Most of them are republics that operate under some form of the presidential system of rule. However few of them have been able to sustain democratic governments on a permanent basis. Many of cycled through a series of coups, producting military dictatorships.65
7974875720Imperial rule by Europeans wcontinued until...after the conclusion of WWII66
7974875721What was the result of marginilization of ethnic groups and graft under these leaders?Great instability67
7974875722During the 1970's and 1980's, who ruled many nations in Africa and was percieved as being the only group that could effectively maintain order?The military68
7974875723In the early 1960's ato the late 1980's Africa had more than ____coups and ____ presidential assasinations.70, 1369
7974875724What was common with the European imposed borders of many nations being widely contested through armed conflicts?Border and territorial disputes70
7974875725What has been a threat to international shipping since the second phase of the Somali Civil War in the early 21st century?Piracy71
7974875726What has piracy contributed to?an increase in shipping costs and impeded the delivery of food aid shipments.72
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AP World History Chapter 23 Flashcards

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9771675760al-qaedainternational org. of fundamentalist islamic militants headed by Osama bin Laden0
9771684305anti-globalizationmajor international movement that protests the development of the global economy on the grounds that is makes the rich richer and the poor in poverty1
9771688336osama bin ladenleader of al-qaeda2
9771691535rachel carsonamerican environmentalist and marine biologist3
9771701280environmentalismmovement to preserve the natural world (20th century)4
9771718605fundamentalismoccurs within major world religions; a self-proclaimed return to the fundamentals/roots of a religion, marked by a militant piety and exclusivism5
9771744794global warmingworldwide scientific consensus that increasing the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation lead to the warming of the earth6
9771762065che guevaraargentina-born revolutionary. waged guerrilla war in an effort to invoke social change7
9771783460hindutvafundamentalist hindu movement8
9771790534neo-liberalismfavored reduced tariffs, truly free market and economy9
9771809424north/south gapglobal north vs global south (developed vs developing countries.)10
9771820993prague springsweeping series of reforms instituted by communist leader Alexander Dubcek in Czechoslovakia in 1968, movement was crushed by a Soviet invasion11
9771863832reglobalizationidea of quickening economic transactions after WWII12
9771869052second-wave feminismwomen's rights movement revived, end of patriarchal domination13
9771905698transnational corporationsbusinesses that supply to all over the world14
9771911708green revolutionprogram of improved irrigation methods. introduction of high-yield seeds and fertilizers.15
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AP World History Unit 4 Flashcards

Period 5

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9411553978Prince Henry the NavigatorVisionary leader who promoted exploration throughout the world, the first in a series of European royalty to sponser seafaring expeditions0
9411553979Bartholomew DiazSailed around the souther tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope), turned back because of fear of mutiny1
9411553980ItalyPreviously controls trade in the Mediterranean by taxes, imitated by the Portuguese2
9411553981Vasco da Gamasailed around Africa to India, claimed territory for Portugal and created trading ports for Portugal3
9411553982SpainCommonly known for expansion in the Americas, present in the Philippines, first to circumnavigate the globe4
9411553983Treaty of Tordesillas1494, divides South America in two, Spain had right to claim any non Christian land west of the line and Portugal could claim any non Christian land east of the line5
9411553984Ferdinand MagellanSon of a Portuguese noble but his voyage was sponsored by Spain, his crew was the first to circumnavigate the globe, started with 200 men and 5 ships, killed in tribal conflict in the Philippines, only 18 men actually completed the circumnavigation6
9411553985Christopher ColumbusSupported by Spain's monarchs (King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella), original intent to get to the East Indies or China7
9411553986Columbian ExchangeTransmission of crops, livestock, disease, and vermin between the New and Old Worlds8
9411553987Diseases in the AmericasSpanish conquerors brought a variety of diseases to the Americas, smallpox is the most commonly known disease but influenza and measles also killed a large portion of the population9
9411553988SilverEasier to mine and process but just as valuable as gold, Spanish start multiple mining towns in South America10
9411553989SugarPortugal builds plantations for this crop, particularly in Brazil, imported slaves to work on these plantations11
9411553990Hernan CortesSpanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs, offered gold by the Aztecs to leave but this only fueled his desire for conquest, disease helped him defeat the Aztecs12
9411553991Francisco PizarroAttacked the Incans and captured their ruler Atahualpa13
9413849969PeninsularesPeople living in the New World but born in the Iberian Peninsula14
9413849970CreolesPeople who were descendants of Europeans born in the Americas15
9413849971MestizosPeople of mixed Native American and European ancestry16
9413849972MulattoesPeople with both African and European ancestry17
9413849973ZambosPeople of mixed Native American and African descent.18
9413849974Martin LutherMonk from Wittenberg, one of the first major Protestant leaders, objected the sale of indulgences, nailed his objections to the Catholic Church (95 Theses) to a church door, Luther taught that women had a connection to God and had roles in the family19
9413849975John CalvinFrench theologian, broke off from the Catholic Church, encouraged hard work hard and reinvest their profits, eventually lead to Puritans in England20
9413849976Henry VIIIWanted to annul his first wife (Catherine of Aragon) because she bore him several daughters, the pope did not give him permission because she was the aunt of Charles V (the Holy Roman Emperor), went through the English Parliament and set up the Church of England or Anglican Church21
9413849977Counter ReformationCatholic Church's attempt to stop the protestant movement and to strengthen the Catholic Church, 3 pronged strategy22
9413849978InquisitionPart of the counter reformation, established to root out and punish nonbelievers and even used torture to achieve its ends23
9413849979Jesuits (Society of Jesus)Part of the counter reformation, founded in 1540 and undertook missionary activity in Europe and abroad24
9413849980Council of Trentpart of the Counter Reformation, corrected some of the worst of the churches abuses and concentrated on reaffirming the rituals such as marriage and other sacraments, even published the Index of Prohibited Books (writings that the Church considered dangerous to ones faith if read25
9413924882Peace of Augsburg1555, result of religious conflicts in Germany, allowed each German state to decide whether its ruler would be Catholic or Lutheran, whatever denomination the ruler was would also be the religion of the people26
9413924883HuguenotsFrench Protestants influenced by John Calvin27
9414045773King Henry IVTried to unify France by converting to Catholicism even though he was a Protestant by birth, eventually issued the Edict of Nantes (allowed Huguenots to practice their religion in France), lead to religious tolerance in France for the next 87 years28
9414045774The Thirty Years' War1618-1648, war between German states over Catholicism vs. Protestantism, lead to economic catastrophe in Western Europe29
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AP World History Chapter 1 Flashcards

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7304500411Paleolithic Age/Old Stone Ageended in 12000 BCE, was identified by the using of stone tools and hunting and gathering.0
7304514494Mesolithic Age/Middle Stone Agethe "middle" age between the Paleolithic and Neolithic. Between 12000 and 8000 BCE1
7304516949Neolithic Age/New Stone Agebetween 8000 and 5000 BCE, agriculture and animal domestication is developed2
7304519035Homo sapiens sapiensthe humanoid species that was the most successful at the end of the Paleolithic era.3
7304524095Africathe country where most human species originated from4
7304541882Bronze Agethe first of the metal ages, between 4000-1500 BCE, when Bronze tools were used instead of stone5
7304543144Homo erectusa species of humanoids that stood on two legs6
7304546338The Neolithic Revolutionthe change in technology and in the human race that led to the development of agriculture7
7304554521hunters and gathererstheir primary food source was from hunting and foraging, involved moving around a lot to stay alive8
7304565331nomadsherders that lived in small bands on the outskirts of civilizations9
7304567749civilizationscities that relied on agriculture and had large populations10
7304606075Middle Eastthe place where agriculture first took flight and the place where the first civilizations were created11
7304607861Bering Land BridgeThe Arctic Ocean froze over and provided a land like passage that hunters unknowingly passed over to the Americas on12
7304636809Catal Huyuka Neolithic Age city in Turkey that scientists have studied and learned much about human history from13
7304648633agriculturethe science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.14
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AP World History Strayer Chapter 2 Concepts Flashcards

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7150867878When and where did the firsts civilizations emerge?The first civilizations emerged around 3500 BCE to 3000 BCE in 3 places: - "cradle" of Middle East (southern Mesopotamia) the Sumerians. -Nile River Valley (north east Africa) the Egyptians and Nubia. - Central Coast of Peru (Andes Mountain and Pacific Ocean) the Norte Chico.0
7150867879What accounts for the initial breakthroughs to civilizations?The initial breakthrough to civilizations was made possible by Agricultural Revolution, the growing density of people, irrigation, and domestication of plants and animals. The growing density of people caused more congested and competitive societies. Ending in conflict that the winner took the losers' land and people.1
7150867880What was the role of cities in the early civilizations?Cities were political/administrative capitals, they functioned as centers for the production of culture, art, architecture, literature, ritual and ceremonies. They served as market places and had manufacturing activities in the center. Specialization seen everywhere.2
7150867881In what ways was social inequality expressed in early civilizations?Wealth, Status, and Power. - Upper class enjoyed wealth in land and salaries so they avoided physical labor. (Top positions in political, military, religious life). - Distinguished by the clothing they wore, house they lived, and manner of their burial. - In Mesopotamia: Used Hammurabi's code. Punishment severity based on social status. - In China: special clothing, chariots, weapons, and ornaments. -Slaves!3
7150867882In what ways have historians tried to explain the origins of patriarchy?1.) The role of new and more intense agriculture (animal drawn plows and care of large animals). Much heavier work and less compatible with childbearing. 2.) Growing population meant more kids so more involved in child care. Men took over work so women's status declined. 3.) Warfare: military service restricted to men, so it enhanced their power and image. 4.) Property and commerce: Men wanted reassurance in heritage and control.4
7150867883How did Mesopotamian and Egyptian patriarchy differ from each other?*Mesopotamia:* written laws to enforce patriarchy families and offer "protection" for unquestioned authority of men. Unequal severity of punishments. Women could only own business on behalf of husband. *Egypt:* Afforded greater opportunities to women recognized as legally equal to men (could own property and slaves). Women could make their own wills and could marry and divorce. Weren't veiled and could be in political position.5
7150867884What were the sources of state and authorities in the first civilizations?1.) Recognition that cities need authority: someone to organize. 2.) State: Served to protect upperclassmen. Authorities could use violence to punish the lowerclassmen. 3.) Kinship and gods: King's known as "mandate of heaven" in China were the son of a god. Others were divinely blessed from patron of the cities' god. Egyptians used this a lot with pharaohs. Religion used to justify unequal power. 4.) Kings and elites controlled entire state.6
7150867885In what ways did Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations differ from each other.*Egypt:* - "Nile River" Predictable flooding. - Closed and surrounded by desert = no invasions (Free security). - Environmentally stable and predictable. Had optimistic view of life (life after death). - Stable Agriculture system. - Unified state ruled by pharaoh (3000 years of peace). - Women had rights and treated better. *Mesopotamia:* - "Tigris and Euphrates" rose annually but unpredictable. - Open area = open for invasions. - Deforestation to make temples, monuments, walls. - Viewed humans as inherently disorderly, subject to gods' whims, facing death with no hope. - Use of soil too much on crops, weakened society and weak agricultural system. - City-states ruled by King with lots of conflicts.7
7150867886In what ways were Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations shaped by their interactions with near and distant neighbors?1.) Agriculture: wheat and barley in Egypt from Mesopotamia. Watermelon, donkeys, cattle from Sudan. 2.) "Divine Kingship": came from Sudan and Egyptian and Mesopotamian "kings" buried them with special things (sacred). 3.) Had Trade between each other: luxury goods. Sumerians with Indus Valley Civilization. Mesopotamia traded with Anatolia, Egypt, Iran, Afghanistan. Egypt traded with Africa and parts of Europe. 4.) Hebrews showed culture through sacred writing ("eye for an eye" and flood story). 5.) Nubia (Africa) traded military forms with Egypt. 6.) Art forms, music, weaving, olive and pomegranate trees.8
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