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AP World History- Unit 3 Flashcards

6401300480	Buddhism	came to china over the silk roads. It is a religion that desires to eliminate all distracting passion and reach nirvana	0
6401300481	Daoism	Chinese philosophy with origins in the Zhou dynasty; it is associated with legendary philosopher Laozi, and it called for a policy of noncompetition	1
6401300482	Equal field system	Chinese system during the Tang dynasty in which the goal was to ensure an equitable distribution of land	2
6401300483	Grand canal	One of the world's largest waterworks projects before modern times	3
6401300484	Hangzhou	Capital of the Southern Song dyansty	4
6401300485	Nara Japan	Centered on the city of Nara, that was the highest point of Chinese Influence	5
6401300486	Neo-Confucianism	Philosophy that attempted to merge certain basic elements of Confucian and Buddhist thought	6
6401300487	Nirvana	Buddhist concept of a state of spiritual perfection and enlightenment in which distracting passions are eliminated	7
6401300488	Porcelain	Lighter, thinner and adaptable	8
6401300489	Samurai	A Japanese warrior	9
6401300490	Shogun	Japanese military leader who ruled in place of the emperor	10
6401300491	Song dynasty	It was marked by an increasingly urbanized and cosmopolitan society	11
6401300492	Tang dynasty	An imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty	12
6401300493	Uighurs	Turkish tribe	13
6401300494	Abbasid dynasty	Cosmopolitan Arabic dynasty that replaced the Umayyads; founded by Abu al-Abbas and reached its peak under Harun al-Rashid	14
6401300495	Abu-Bakr	First caliph after the death of Muhammad	15
6401300496	Allah	God of the monotheistic religion of Islam	16
6401300497	Bedouin	Nomadic Arabic tribespeople	17
6401300498	Caliph	"Deputy," Islamic leader after the death of Muhammad	18
6401300499	dar al-Islam	The "house of Islam," a term for the Islamic world	19
6401300500	Five Pillars of Islam	The foundations of Islam: 1. Profession of faith 2. prayer 3. fasting during Ramadan 4. almsgiving 5. pilgrimage or hajj	20
6401300501	hadith	a collection of traditions containing sayings of the prophet Muhammad that, with accounts of his daily practice (the Sunna), constitute the major source of guidance for Muslims apart from the Koran.	21
6401300502	hajj	Pilgrimage to Mecca	22
6401300503	hijra	Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina in 622, which is the beginning point of the Islamic calendar and is considered to mark the beginning of the Islamic faith	23
6401300504	Islam	Monotheistic religion announced by the prophet Muhammad; influenced by Judaism and Christianity, Muhammad was considered the final prophet because the earlier religions had not seen the entire picture	24
6401300505	jihad	a war or struggle against unbelievers.	25
6401300506	jizya	Tax in Islamic empires that was imposed on non-Muslims	26
6401300507	Ka'aba	main shrine in Mecca, goal of Muslims embarking on the hajj	27
6401300508	madrasas	Islamic institutions of higher education that originated in the tenth century	28
6401300509	Muhammad	Prophet of Islam	29
6401300510	Muslim	A follower of Islam	30
6401300511	Quran	Islamic holy book that is believed to contain the divine revelations of Allah as presented to Muhammad	31
6401300512	sakk	Letters of credit that were common in the medieval Islamic banking world	32
6401300513	sharia	The Islamic holy law, drawn up by theologians form the Quran and accounts of Muhammad's life	33
6401300514	Shia	Islamic minority in opposition to the Sunni majority; their belief is that leadership should reside in the line descended from Ali	34
6401300515	Sufi	Islamic mystics who placed more emphasis on emotion and devotion than on strict adherence to rules	35
6401300516	Sunni	"Traditionalists," the most popular branch of Islam; Sunnis believe in the legitimacy of the early caliphs, compared with the Shiite belief that only a descendant of Ali can lead	36
6401300517	ulama	Islamic officials, scholars who shaped public policy in accordance with the Quran and the Sharia	37
6401300518	umma	Islamic term for the "community of the faithful"	38
6401300519	Ummayad dynasty	Arabic dynasty, with its capital at Damascus, that was marked by a tremendous period of expansion to Spain in the west and India in the east	39
6401300520	Melaka (Malacca)	Southeast Asian kingdom that was predominantly Islamic	40
6401300521	Axum	African kingdom centered in Ethiopia that became an early and lasting center of Coptic Christianity	41
6401300522	caste system	class structure that is determined by birth.	42
6401300523	dhows	Indian, Persian, and Arab ships, one hundred to four hundred tons, that sailed and traded throughout the Indian Ocean basin	43
6401300524	Srivijaya	Southeast Asian kingdom, based on the island of Sumatra, that used a powerful navy to dominate trade	44
6401300525	Byzantine Empire	Long-lasting empire centered at Constantinople; it grew out of the end of the Roman empire, carried the legacy of Roman greatness, and was the only classical society to survive into the early modern age; it reached its early peak during the reign of Justinian	45
6401300526	caesaropapism	Concept relating to the mixing of political and religious authority, as with the Roman emperors, that was central to the church-versus-state controversy in medieval Europe	46
6401300527	Corpus iuris civilis	Body of the Civil Law, the Byzantine emperor Justinian's attempt to codify all Roman law	47
6401300528	Greek fire	Devastating incendiary weapon used mainly at sea by Byzantine forces in the 7th and 8th CE	48
6401300529	Hagia Sofia	Massive Christian church constructed by the Byzantine emperor Justinian and later converted into a mosque	49
6401300530	Magyars	Hungarian invaders who raided towns in Germany, Italy, and France in the ninth and tenth century	50
6401300531	Odovacer	Germanic general who deposed Romulus Augustus in 476 CE, thus bringing about the end of the western Roman Empire	51
6401300532	Patriarch	Leader of the Greek Orthodox church, which in 1054 officially split with the Pope and the Roman Catholic church	52
6401300533	schism	Mutual excommunication of the Roman Pope and Byzantine Patriarch in 1054 over ritual, doctrinal and political differences between the two Christian chruches	53
6401300534	Vikings	A group that raided the British Isles from their home at Vik in southern Norway	54
6401300535	shamans	Religious specialists who possessed supernatural powers and who communicated with the gods and the spirits of nature	55
6401300536	Yuan dynasty	Chinese dynasty that was founded by Genghis Khan's grandson	56
6401300537	Temüjin	Mongol conqueror who later took the name Chinggis Khan, "universal ruler"	57
6401300538	yurts	Tents used by nomadic Turkish and Mongol tribes	58
6401300539	age grades	Bantu institution in which individuals of roughly the same age carried out communal tasks appropriate for that age	59
6401300540	Bantu peoples	African peoples who originally lived in the area of present day Nigeria;	60
6401300541	Great Zimbabwe	Large sub-Saharan African kingdom in the 15th century	61
6401300542	Mali empire	West African kingdom founded in the 13th century by Sundiata; it reached its peak during the reign of Mansa Masu	62
6401300543	Sundiata	Founder of the Mali empire, also the inspiration for the Sundiata, an African literary and mythological work	63
6401300544	Swahili	East African city-state society that dominated the coast from Mogadishu to Kilwa and was active in trade. Also a Bantu language of East Africa, or a member of a group who speaks this language	64
6401300545	chivalry	European medieval code of conduct for knights based on loyalty and honor	65
6401300546	Franciscans	An order of mendicants founded by St. Francis whose purpose was to live in poverty and serve the religious needs of their communities	66
6401300547	Marco Polo	Italian merchant whose account of his travels to China and other lands became legendary	67
6401300548	relics	Physical remains of saints or religious figures assembled by churches for veneration	68
6401300549	reconquista	Crusade, ending in 1492, to drive the Islamic forces out of Spain	69
6401300550	Saladin	Muslim leader and crusader who recaptures Jerusalem from the Christians	70
6401300551	three estates	The three classes of European society, composed of the clergy #1, the aristocrats #2 and the common people #3	71
6401300552	Aztec empire	Central American empire constructed by the Mexica and expanded greatly during the 15th century during he reigns of Itzcoatl and Motecuzoma I	72
6401300553	chinampa	Agricultural gardens used by Mexica (Aztecs) in which fertile muck from lake bottoms was dredged and built up into small plots	73
6401300554	Iroquois	Eastern American Indian confederation made up of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca tribes	74
6401300555	Maori	Indigenous people of New Zealand	75
6401300556	Quetzalcóatl	Aztec god, the "feathered serpent," who was borrowed originally from the Toltecs; Quetzalcoatl was believed to have been defeated by another god and exiled, and he promised to return	76
6401300557	quipu	Incan mnemonic aid comprised of different-colored strings and knots that served to record events in the absence of a written text	77
6401300558	Tenochtitlan	Capital of the Aztec Empire, later Mexico city	78
6401300559	Teotihuacan	Central American society; its Pyramid of the Sun was the largest structure in Mesoamerica	79

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AP World History 1 Chapter 9 Terms Flashcards

The terms and definitions for the vocabulary terms in Ways of the World: Chapter 9.

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5839373840	Abbasid Caliphate (pron. ah-BASS-id)	Dynasty of caliphs who ruled an increasingly fragmented Islamic state from 750 to 1258 eventually becoming a little more than figureheads.	0
5839373841	al-Andalus (pron. al-AND-a-loos)	Arabic name for Spain (literally, the "land of the Vandals"), most of which was conquered by Arab and Berber forces in the early eighth century C.E.	1
5839373842	Anatolia	Ancient name for Asia Minor, part of the Byzantine Empire that was gradually overrun by the Turks & that is now the Republic of Turkey.	2
5839373843	Battle of Talas River	Arab victory over the Chinese in 751 CE that checked Chinese expansion to the west and enabled the conversion of Central Asia to Islam	3
5839373844	Bedouins	Nomadic Arabs	4
5839373845	dhimmis	"protected subjects" under Islamic rule, non-Muslims who were allowed to practice their faith as "people of the book" in return for their paying special taxes	5
5839373846	al-Ghazali	Great Muslim theologian, legal scholar, and Sufi mystic (1058-1111) who was credited with incorporating Sufism into mainstream Islamic thought	6
5839373847	hadiths	Traditions passed on about the sayings or actions of Muhammad and his immediate followers; hadiths rank second only to the Quran as a source of Islamic law	7
5839373848	hajj	The pilgrimage to Mecca enjoined on every Muslim who is able to make the journey; one of the Five Pillars of Islam.	8
5839373849	hijra	The "flight" of Muhammad and his original seventy followers from Mecca to Yathrib (later Medina) in 622CE; the journey marks the starting point of the Islamic calendar.	9
5839373850	House of Wisdom	An academic center for research and translation of foreign texts that was established in Baghdad in 830 C.E. by the Abbasid caliph al-Mamun.	10
5839373851	Ibn Battuta	Fourteenth century Arab traveler (1304-1368) who wrote about his extensive journeys throughout the Islamic world.	11
5839373852	Ibn Sina	One of the greatest polymaths of the Islamic world (930-1037), a Persian who wrote prolifically on the scientific (esp. medicine) and philosophical issues; he is often known as "Avicenna," the Latinized form of his name.	12
5839373853	imams	In Shia Islam, leaders with high religious authority; the twelve _____ of early Shia Islam were Muhammad's nephew Ali and his descendants	13
5839373854	jihad	Arabic of "struggle," this term describes both the spiritual striving of each Muslim toward a godly life and armed struggle against the forces of unbelief and evil.	14
5839373855	jizya	Special tax paid by dhimmis in Muslim-ruled territory in return for freedom to practice their own religion.	15
5839373856	Kaaba	Great stone shrine in Mecca that was a major pilgrimage center for worshippers of many different deities before it was reconsecrated to monotheistic use by Muhammad.	16
5839373857	madrassas	Formal colleges for higher institutions in the teaching of Islam as well as in secular subjects founded throughout the Islamic world in beginning in the 11th century	17
5839373858	Mecca	Key pilgrimage center in Arabia that became the birthplace of Islam.	18
5839373859	Mozarabs	"would-be Arabs" in Muslim-ruled Spain, referring to Christians who adopted much of Arabic culture and observed many Muslim practices without actually converting to Islam	19
5839373860	Muhammad Ibn Abdullah	The Prophet of Islam (570-632 C.E.)	20
5839373861	Muslim	Literally, "one who submits"; the name was adopted by Muhammad and his followers to describe their submission to God.	21
5839373862	Pillars of Islam	Five core practices required of Muslims: a profession of faith, regular prayer, charitable giving, fasting during Ramadam, and a pilgrimage to Mecca (if financially and physically possible).	22
5839373863	Marco Polo	The most famous European traveler in the Middle Ages (1254-1324), whose travel account of his time in China was widely popular in Europe.	23
5839373864	Rightly Guided Caliphs	The first four rulers of the Islamic world (632-661) after the death of Muhammad.	24
5839373865	Quran (also Qur'án & Koran)	Most holy text of Islam, recording the revelations given to the prophet Muhammad.	25
5839373866	shariah	Islamic law, dealing with all matters of both secular and religious life.	26
5839373867	shakyhs	Sufi teachers who attracted a circle of disciples and often founded individual schools of Sufism.	27
5839373868	Sikhism	A significant syncretic religion that evolved in India, blending elements of Islam and Hinduism; founded by Guru Nanak (1469-1539)	28
5839373869	Sufis	Islamic mystics, many of whom were important missionaries of Islam in conquered lands and who were revered as saints.	29
5839373870	Sultanate of Delphi	Major Turkic Muslim state established in northern India in 1206	30
5839373871	Timbuktu	Great city of West Africa, noted as a center of Islamic scholarship in the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries.	31
5839373872	ulamas	Islamic religious scholars.	32
5839373873	Umayyad caliphate	Family of caliphs who ruled the Islamic world from 661 to 750 C.E.	33
5839373874	umma	The community of all believers in Islam.	34

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AP World History: Ch. 30 The World between Wars: Revolutions, Depression, and Authoritarian Response, Pt. 2 Flashcards

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6411967259	Totalitarianism	A 20th-century form of government that exercised direct control over all aspects of its subjects; existed in Germany, Italy, the Soviet Union, and other communist states.	0
6411971816	Spanish Civil War	Conflict between republican and autocratic supporters; with support from Germany and Italy, the autocratic regime of Francisco Franco triumphed. Served as a proxy war for WW2.	1
6411980539	Corporatism	Conservative political movement emphasizing the organic nature of society, with the state as mediator between different groups.	2
6411983007	Lázaro Cárdenas	Mexican president (1934-1940); responsible for large land redistribution to create communal farms; also began program of primary and rural education.	3
6411988195	Getúlio Vargas	Became president of Brazil following a contested election of 1929; led an authoritarian state; died in 1954.	4
6411991722	Juan Perón	Dominant authoritarian and populist leader in Argentina from the mid-1940s; driven into exile in 1955; returned and elected president in 1973; died in 1974	5
6411994759	Five-Year Plan	Stalin's plans to hasten industrialization of U.S.S.R.; constructed massive factories; led to state-planned industrialization at cost of availability of consumer products.	6
6411998471	Socialist Realism	Attempt within U.S.S.R. to relate formal culture to the masses; fundamental method of Soviet fiction, art, and literary criticism.	7
6412006246	Gestapo	Hitler's secret police used to intimidate rivals and political opponents.	8
6412015168	Propaganda	Control of media to influence and manipulate the populus.	9
6412024055	Anti-Semitism	Hostility, prejudice, or discrimination against Jews.	10
6412033062	Holocaust	A genocide in which some six million European Jews were killed by Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany, and the World War II collaborators with the Nazis.	11
6412045545	Integralists	Brazilian fascists who helped fend of communist coups in 1937.	12
6412059767	Estado Novo	Brazilian state based on the ideas of Mussolini's fascist Italy.	13
6412073018	Evita	The wife of Juan Peron who became a champion for the poor and downtrodden of Argentina.	14
6412087993	Collectivization	Massive agricultural program in the Soviet Union established by Stalin to force peasants to join state-run collective farms.	15
6412118116	Politburo	Executive committee of the Soviet Communist party.	16
6412121578	MVD	Stalin's secret police	17

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AP Human Geography - Agriculture Flashcards

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9035467128	What is agriculture?	tending of crops and livestock to produce food, feed, fiber, and fuel	0
9035467129	What are primary economic activities? (give examples)	extraction of valuable products from earth ex. agriculture, ranching, hunting & gathering, fishing, forestry, mining, quarrying	1
9035467130	What are secondary economic activities? (give examples)	manufacturing a primary product into something else ex. toys, ships, processed foods, chemicals, buildings	2
9035467131	What are tertiary economic activities?	service industries that connect consumers to producers, like trade	3
9035467132	What are quaternary economic activities?	exchange of information, money, or goods	4
9035467133	What are quinary economic activites?	exchange of information, money, or goods in research or higher education	5
9035467134	True or false: Farm size tends to be larger in developed countries	true	6
9035467135	True or false: Average farm size in the United States has been decreasing regardless of the kind of agricultural goods produced.	false	7
9035467136	True or false: In MDCs, relatively few people work in agriculture	true	8
9035467137	True or false: In LDCs, a majority of people are in agriculture	true	9
9035467138	In the US, less than ___ % of the workforce is involved in agriculture	2	10
9035467139	True or false: Both agricultural production and the labor force in the US are at an all-time high	false	11
9035467140	Why are a small number of farmers in MDCs able to feed large numbers of people?	machinery - tractors, cultivators, milking machines, etc.	12
9035467141	True or false: Transportation systems, fertilizers, herbicides, advanced plant and animal breeding programs, and electronic monitoring of crops are important in agriculture	true	13
9035467142	4 major issues that affect food security worldwide?	1. balancing production and consumption 2. conversions of agricultural land to urban land 3. increasing energy-intensive food production with limited fossil fuel resources 4. using food crops for biofuel	14
9035467143	Thomas Malthus theory	projected that population growth would outpace food supply	15
9035467144	Boserup hypothesis	agricultural production can accommodate increasing population through new agricultural innovations, which will allow to produce more food for more people	16
9035467145	How does Boserup oppose Malthus' theory?	Boserup believed in agricultural innovations for a growing world population, while Malthus believed that food supply would eventually run out	17
9035467146	Describe hunter-gatherer societies	small groups low population density limited material culture nomadic (no permanent settlements)	18
9035467147	True or false: Hunter-gatherer group sizes vary according to climate and resource availability	true	19
9035467148	How many hunter-gatherers are in the world today?	1/4 million people (0.005% of world population)	20
9035467149	What were the first tools used in hunting?	simple clubs (tree limbs thin on one end and thick and heavy on the other)	21
9035467150	What helped make spears more effective for hunting?	use of bone and stone	22
9035467151	In what ways have mechanization and efficiencies led to a decrease in the number of workers in the U.S. agricultural production?	increased use of more machines = less people needed to work on the land	23
9035467152	What tools did humans use to fish?	harpoons, hooks, and baskets	24
9035467153	Carl Sauer theory	experiments needed to establish agriculture and settle in one place would occur in many places, not just grasslands or river valleys	25
9035467154	Where did Sauer suggest first tropical plant domestication occurred 14,000 years ago?	Southeast and South Asia	26
9035467155	What are root crops?	crops that are reproduced by cultivating the roots or cuttings from the plants	27
9035467156	What are seed crops?	plants that are reproduced by cultivating seeds	28
9035467157	Examples of root crops	beets, carrots, potatoes, turnips	29
9035467158	Examples of seed crops	grains, lentils, dates	30
9035467159	Cultivation of seed crops marked the beginning of the ___________________	first agricultural revolution	31
9035467160	First domestication of seed plants 10,000 years ago took place where?	Fertile Crescent	32
9035467161	Examples of crops and animals domesticated in Near East	animals - sheep, goats plants - wheat, barley	33
9035467162	Demographic and social changes from first agricultural revolution	- division of labor - more people settled into villages - permanent structures built - development of religion, focus on fertility	34
9035467163	Gigantism in plants (aka artificial selection)	- making bigger seeds to produce more fruit - loss of seed dispersal mechanism - loss of bitter/toxic substances - loss of anti-predator mechanisms	35
9035467164	Animal domestication began as early as _________ years ago	8,000	36
9035467165	Advantages of animal domestication	- use of beasts as burden - source of food (meat and milk)	37
9035467166	The 5 important domesticated mammals	cow, sheep, goat, pig, horse	38
9035467167	Define subsistence agriculture	growing only enough food to survive	39
9035467168	What kind of agriculture was the norm throughout most of human history?	subsistence agriculture	40
9035467169	Why do groups of people practice subsistence agriculture?	farmers felt production for the global market has not benefited them financially or culturally	41
9035467170	Shifting cultivation and its importance on society	farmers migrate to search for new lands after their plots of land become infertile, but causes more deforestation and destroys more natural resources	42
9035467171	Define slash-and-burn agriculture	farmers use tools (machetes and knives) to slash down trees and tall vegetation, then burn vegetation on the ground	43
9035467172	Where does slash-and-burn agriculture usually occur in?	humid, low-latitude climates (South America, Sub-Saharan, Africa, and Southeast Asia)	44
9035467173	Define pastoral nomadism	herding domesticated animals; migratory farming; trading animal products for food	45
9035467174	Where does pastoral nomadism usually occur?	dry climates (North Africa, Middle East, North and West China)	46
9035467175	True or false: Intensive subsistence agriculture includes large plots of lands, wasted land, lots of machinery used	false	47
9035467176	What significant changes were seen during the second agricultural revolution?	invention of new technology that helped improve irrigation, fertilizers, artificial feeds, advances in breeding livestock	48
9035467177	Purpose of the four-field rotation?	maintains fertility of land	49
9035467178	Von Thunen model	producing the most cost-effective product for the market based on cost of transportation, land, and profit	50
9035467179	True or false: As you get closer to a city, the price of land increases	true	51
9035467180	4 rings of Von Thunen model	first ring - market gardening and dairy second ring - forest/lumber third ring - extensive field crops fourth ring - ranching, livestock, grazing	52
9035467181	Von Thunen model assumptions	- isolated state - surrounded by unoccupied wilderness - no rivers or mountains; completely flat - no roads - soil quality and climate are consistent - farmers work to maximize profits	53
9035467182	Pros and cons of Green Revolution	Pros: - increased food production and food supply; saved millions of lives - improvements in productivity - fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, farm machinery and better plants Cons: - GMO criticisms - reduced organic matter in soil due to herbicides and pesticides - machinery too expensive - pollution - inducing climate change	54
9035467183	GMOs found in ___ % of all processed foods in the United States	75	55
9035467184	Define genetic engineering	technological improvements on biological systems to make or enhance specific agricultural goods or food production	56
9035467185	True or false: Shifts from subsistence to commercial agriculture did not have dramatic impacts on rural life	false	57
9035467186	Subsistence farming is common where?	Africa, Middle America, tropical South America, parts of Southeast Asia	58
9035467187	How has the impact of colonialism changed subsistence farming?	- European powers sought to end subsistence farming - integrating farmers into colonial systems of production and exchange - demand farmers to pay taxes - colonial powers would conduct soil surveys, build irrigation systems, and establish lending agencies that provide loans to farmers	59
9035467188	Cadastral system	method of land survey through which land ownership and property lines are defined	60
9035467189	Rectangular survey system	- exists throughout most of US - appears as checkerboards across agricultural fields	61
9035467190	Township-and-range system	spaced farms and divided by sections, half sections or quarter sections; dispersed in a grid pattern	62
9035467191	Primogeniture	German practice that all land passes to the eldest son	63
9035467192	True or false: In a township-and-range system, north-south lines are principal meridians and east-west lines are base lines	true	64
9035467193	Each township is divided into ____ sections, each of which is 1 mile x 1 mile	36	65
9035467194	Long-lot survey system	divided land into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, and canals; clustered (French) ex. Hermitage, Louisiana (Mississippi River); Quebec, Canada (St. Lawrence River)	66
9035467195	Metes and bounds survey	natural features used to demarcate (set boundaries) irregular parcels of land; dispersed (English) ex. Middle Atlantic and Southern colonies	67
9035467196	True or false: In a dispersed settlement pattern, individual farmhouses lie far apart and land is intensely cultivated by machines	true	68
9035467197	Describe nucleated settlements	- close proximity (2 types: circular or linear) - centered around a common area - ex. Colonial New England	69
9035467198	5 types of villages	1. linear village - located on dikes and leeves; found in low-lying areas of Western Europe 2. cluster village - began by an intersection of 2 roads, everything built around it 3. round village/rundling - first used in Eastern Europe and then modified by Germans 4. wailed village - used for protection 5. grid village - more modern	70
9035467199	True or false: The primary functions of farm villages are to build new machines and hire less labor	false (protection of livestock and storage)	71
9035467200	Monoculture	dependent on a single agricultural commodity; major impact on colonial agriculture	72
9035467201	Koppen climate classification system	classifying the world's climates based on temperature and precipitation	73
9035467202	True or false: The "no dry season" (Af) regions are equatorial rainforest regions	true	74
9035467203	The "short dry season" (Am) climate is known as the _____________ climate	monsoon climate	75
9035467204	BW is ____________ and BS is _____________	desert; steppe	76
9035467205	"Dry summer" (C) climates are known as the ________________ climates	Mediterranean climates	77
9035467206	Where are polar climates found?	in tundra climates	78
9035467207	Purpose of plantation agriculture	cash crops	79
9035467208	Which 3 cash crops does Latin America specialize in?	coffee, sugarcane, bananas	80
9035467209	Which 2 cash crops does Asia specialize in?	rubber and palm oil	81
9035467210	What is livestock ranching?	raising of domesticated animals for meat, as well as byproducts such as leather and wool	82
9035467211	True or false: Animals produce manure used to improve soil fertility to grow more crops	true	83
9035467212	In what climates does grain farming occur?	dry or warm mid-latitude climates	84
9035467213	Products of grain farming	wheat, rice, corn, oats, barley	85
9035467214	Top producers of grain farming	China and India	86
9035467215	Where does commercial gardening occur?	in humid climate, with access to markets	87
9035467216	True or false: Because of high demand for drugs, farmers find it more profitable to grow poppy, cocoa, or marijuana than food crops	true	88
9035467217	True or false: Mexicans control 8 out of the 13 largest drug markets in the US	false (11)	89
9035467218	Informal agriculture	millions of people cultivate small plots of land in their backyards for domestic consumption or to trade with others	90
9035467219	Benefits of urban agriculture	- don't need a lot of land - fewer fertilizers - could employ more people - little/no transportation costs	91
9035467220	Disadvantages of urban agriculture	- need new technologies - fewer machines = more labor intensive - limited crops	92
9035467221	Which regions in the world have been badly overfished?	North Atlantic and East China Sea	93
9035467222	What is the main cash crop in the US?	cotton	94
9035467223	Examples of luxury crops	coffee, tea, cocoa, tobacco, bananas, pineapples, flowers	95
9035467224	Define agribusiness	businesses that provide vast array of goods and services to support agricultural industry	96
9035467225	Feedlots	plots of land which livestock fattened for market	97
9035467226	Ag-Gag Bills	limits/prohibits taking pictures or videos in agribusiness facilities	98
9035467227	Environmental impacts of commercial agriculture	1. overfishing, land clearing, deforestation 2. overuse of fertilizers and pesticides that will erode soil over time 3. ecological degradation and desertification 4. increase in organic farming	99
9035467228	Challenge of feeding everyone	- 1 billion people are malnourished - inadequate distribution systems - widespread poverty - fertile lands converted to housing and retail developments - commercial agriculture converted into regions for 2nd houses - population growth and loss of agricultural land = increase in food prices - food deserts	100

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Deutsch AP Einheit 2 Flashcards

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4806590900	die Folge	the consequence	0
4806592032	die Nachkriegszeit	the post war time	1
4806593642	die Handlung	the plot	2
4806594966	das Einkommen	the income	3
4806594967	die Familienstruktur	the family structure	4
4806596833	die Hälfte	the half	5
4806598507	das Kindergeld	the child benefit	6
4806598508	die Wirtschaftskrise	the economic crisis	7
4806599674	der Einwohner	the resident	8
4806605453	das Beispiel	the example	9
4806605454	die Geburtenrate	the birthrate	10
4806606755	die Wirkung	the effect	11
4806608651	die Bevölkerung	the population	12
4806608652	die Ehe	the marriage	13
4806608653	die Lebenspartnerschaft	the civil partnership	14
4806617102	die Erziehung	the upbringing	15
4806617103	der Vergleich	the comparison	16
4806620068	die Erhebung	the raise	17
4806621741	die Senkung	the drop	18
4806621742	der Durchschnitt	the average	19
4806623159	der Mutterschutz	the maternity leave	20
4806629082	die Rückkehr	the return	21
4806630826	die Verfremdung	the alienation	22
4806630827	der Selbstmord	the suicide	23
4806635231	Als du Kind warst	When you were a child	24
4806636180	Wenn ich Vater werde	If I become a father	25
4806642776	draußen oder drinnen	outside or inside	26
4806644151	Er ist im Krieg vermisst	He is missing in action	27
4806645428	Es handelt sich um einen Mann	It is about a man	28
4806646395	Alles in allem	all in all	29
4806647968	Es ist gesunken.	It has dropped	30
4806647969	Es ist gestiegen	It has risen	31
4806649481	Die Zahl der Einwohner wird reduziert	The number of residents will be reduced.	32
4806649482	Was will der Autor damit sagen?	What does the author mean by that?	33
7249656547	Auf gar keinen Fall.	Absolutely not.	34
7249658129	Ich bin anderer Meinung.	I have a different opinion.	35
7249660288	Es kommt darauf an.	It depends.	36
7249662929	Es ist eine Tatsache, dass	It is a fact that	37
7249664980	Ich kann das mit einigen Beispielen belegen.	I can prove that with several examples.	38