| 4873995581 | Causes for WWI | M.A.I.N.
M-Militarism
A-Alliances
I-Imperialism
N-Nationalism | | 0 |
| 4873995582 | Militarism (Cause of WWI) | The rapid build-up of Europe's militaries, leading to an arms race and enormous navies. | | 1 |
| 4873995583 | HMS Dreadnought | British naval ship that started the naval arms race | | 2 |
| 4873995584 | Alliances (Cause of WWI) | Two main alliances:
Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy)
Triple Entente (England, France, Russia)
If one was attacked, the others agreed to fight for them | | 3 |
| 4873995585 | Triple Alliance | Pre-WWI alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy | | 4 |
| 4873995586 | Triple Entente | Pre-WWI alliance between England, France, and Russia | | 5 |
| 4873995587 | Imperialism (Cause of WWI) | The race for power led to a bitter war for colonies, nearly brining nations to war several times. | | 6 |
| 4873995588 | Nationalism (Cause of WWI) | Europe's great nations had an un-deflatable sense of superiority, but many minorities wanted independence. | | 7 |
| 4873995589 | Pre-WWI Drama | Russia, the largest of the Slavic nations, aided Serbia's attempt to add Bosnia-Herzegovonia to its territory. The Balkans were called the Powder Keg of Europe because they were so close to "blowing." | | 8 |
| 4873995590 | Slavic peoples | Slavs are the people who live in Eastern and Central Europe, the Balkans, Central Asia and North Asia . They include: Russians, Poles, Czechs, Serbs, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Bulgarians, Slovaks, Croats and Bosnians. | | 9 |
| 4873995591 | The Balkans | |  | 10 |
| 4873995592 | The Powder Keg of Europe | A nickname for the Balkans before WWI, because they were about to be set off by a single spark.) | | 11 |
| 4873995593 | Beginning of WWI | A Serbian nationalist group (The Black Hand) killed the heir to the Austrian Throne (Arch-Duke Ferdinand) while he was visiting Sarajevo with his wife Sophie on June 28, 1914. Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia and gave Serbia a ridiculous list of demands, most of which they followed up on. The few ignored demands, gave Austria-Hungary a reason to go to war. Germany backed Austria-Hungary, giving them a Blank Check (unlimited help). Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914. | | 12 |
| 4873995594 | The Black Hand | A Serbian nationalist group that kill Arch-Duke Ferdinand, starting WWI. | | 13 |
| 4873995595 | Arch-Duke Ferdinand | Heir to the Austrian throne whose death sparked WWI. | | 14 |
| 4873995596 | Blank Check | Concept of one country giving another unlimited help/aid | | 15 |
| 4873995597 | Gavrilo Princip | Member of the Black Hand who actually shot Arch-Duke Ferdinand. | | 16 |
| 4873995598 | The July Crisis | The nickname for the July in which Arch-Duke Ferdinand was shot, inciting WWI. | | 17 |
| 4873995599 | WWI's Growth from Feud to World War | Originally: Austria-Hungary/Germany versus Serbia
After alliances came in:
Britain/France/Russia/Serbia versus Austria-Hungary/Germany
All powers were convinced that they were the clear true winner, and the war would be over quickly. | | 18 |
| 4873995600 | Central Powers | WWI Group: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottomans, Bulgaria | | 19 |
| 4873995601 | Allied Powers | WWI Group: Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy (later on) | | 20 |
| 4873995602 | 'Total War' of WWI | The new technology and weaponry used in WWI, launched countries into total war: all resources of a country put into the war effort, entire country focused on war. | | 21 |
| 4873995603 | What happened in the German/Russia front of WWI. | Russia went on the offensive, but was no match for the German's advanced military. The Germans would win, contributing to the overthrow of the Tzarist government. The new Communist government that took over singed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in 1918. | | 22 |
| 4873995604 | Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | Treaty signed by the new government of Russia that ended Russia's participation in WWI. | | 23 |
| 4873995605 | US Foreign Policy during WWI | Originally isolationist, traded with both sides. Ended up joining because of the unrestricted submarine warfare, the Zimmerman Telegram, and the Germans newfound success after Russia left the war. | | 24 |
| 4873995606 | Social Impact on Women in the US of WWI? | Women entered the workforce in greater numbers | | 25 |
| 4873995607 | Zimmerman Telegram | The German Foreign Minister sent a telegram to Mexico in an attempt to get them to attack the US. | | 26 |
| 4873995608 | American Expeditionary Force | US unit under General Pershing that was the first unit to aid the Allies in the first World War. | | 27 |
| 4873995609 | General Pershing | Commander of the American Expeditionary Force, which was the first US unit in WWI. | | 28 |
| 4873995610 | Loss of WWI | Germany eventually spent all of its money on the offensive, and was finished when they were defeated. | | 29 |
| 4873995611 | Middle East during WWI | The Allies used Arabs to attack the Ottomans. In the Battle of Gallipoli, the British attempted to take the Dardanelles Straits and capture Istanbul.
The Ottomans attacked Southern Russia, losing badly, so the Young Turks blamed Armenian Christians, leading to the death of a million Armenians in the Armenian Genocide. | | 30 |
| 4873995612 | Battle of Gallipoli | Battle in WWI where the British attempted to take the Dardanelles Straits and capture Istanbul from the Ottomans. | | 31 |
| 4873995613 | Dardanelles Straits | (Strait=land on either side of a river)
Area the British attempted to capture in the WW1 Battle of Gallipoli | | 32 |
| 4873995614 | Armenian Genocide | In WWI, the Ottomans attacked Southern Russia, losing badly, so the Young Turks blamed Armenian Christians, leading to the death of a million Armenians in the Armenian Genocide. | | 33 |
| 4873995615 | Japan in WWI | Japan joined on the Allied side, with the guarantee of taking over German Pacific colonies. | | 34 |
| 4873995616 | Versailles Conference | The main Allied powers met to decide terms of defeat of Central Powers/Germany. The Big Four: Wilson (USA), Lloyd George (England), Clemenceau (france), and Orlando (Italy).
France wanted to punish Germany, Wilson pushed his 14 points to prevent future war, succeeding to create the League of Nations.
Treaty of Versailles formally ended WWI. | | 35 |
| 4873995617 | 14 Points | President Wilson's plan to prevent future war | | 36 |
| 4873995618 | League of Nations | One of President Wilson's 14 points to prevent future war after WWI. US Senate refused to join LoN. | | 37 |
| 4873995619 | The Big Four | The main leaders at the Versailles conference: Wilson (USA), Lloyd George (England), Clemenceau (france), and Orlando (Italy). | | 38 |
| 4873995620 | Who wanted to punish Germany for WWI? | France (Clemenceau). This led to the Allies forcing Germany to pay reparations for the cost of war. Germany had to disarm and lost territory. Germany was left in ruin. | | 39 |
| 4873995621 | Losers of WWI | The Allies forced Germany to pay reparations for the cost of war. Germany had to disarm and lost territory. Germany was left in ruin. Austria-Hungary was broken up into smaller countries. | | 40 |
| 4873995622 | Fall of the Russian Tzar | The population was revolting because they were upset of being involved in a war they could not win (WWI). In Petrograd (formerly St. Petersburg), troops joined the masses in revolt, and Nicholas abdicated his throne in 1917, leaving the country under a provisional government., | | 41 |
| 4873995623 | Later name of St. Petersburg | Petrograd. | | 42 |
| 4873995624 | Provisional Government of Russia (After the fall of the Tzar) | The new government initially had support of the masses, and pushed democratic reforms. In 1917, Alexander Kerensky, became the socialist leader. Many civil liberties came under their rule. The Bolshevik Revolution would quickly bring down this government. | | 43 |
| 4873995625 | Alexander Kerensky | Moderate socialist, who led the initial provisional government of Russia after WWI. | | 44 |
| 4873995626 | Bolshevik Revolution | Opposition to the new provisional government was growing. Lenin was a revolutionary sent to Russia to support the revolution. Lenin became a Bolshevik leader, advocating for the overthrow of the government. The Provisional Government was keeping Russia in WWI, so the Bolsheviks stormed the Winter Palace in the October Revolution and took over the government. The communist government quickly signed out of WWI. | | 45 |
| 4873995627 | Lenin | A Bolshevik leader in Russia who led the October Revolution. | | 46 |
| 4873995628 | October Revolution | Revolution where the Bolsheviks violently overthrew the Provisional government in Russia. | | 47 |
| 4873995629 | Russian Civil War | Those against the Bolsheviks fought against their newfound power. The Reds, led by Lenin and Leon Trotsky, were victorious. The Whites, who received some support from the allies, but were less organized, lost. After the war, Russia officially became the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). | | 48 |
| 4873995630 | Leon Trotsky | Leader of the Red Army, along with Lenin, during the Russian Civil War. | | 49 |
| 4873995631 | When did Russia officially become the USSR? | After the end of the Russian Civil War | | 50 |
| 4873995632 | Who was fighting in the Russian civil war? | The Reds (Communists led by Lenin and Trotsky) versus the Whites (disorganized, but had help from the Allies). | | 51 |
| 4873995633 | What did USSR stand for? | Union of Socialist Republics | | 52 |
| 4873995634 | What happened after Lenin's death? | A power struggle ensued between Joseph Stalin and Trotsky. Stalin takes control, exiling Trotsky. Stalin crushed his opposition and set about his plans for the USSR. He began his first Five Year Plan, which was not as successful as he had hoped. | | 53 |
| 4873995635 | Who took over after Lenin's death? | Stalin defeated Trotsky for power. | | 54 |
| 4873995636 | Fiver Year Plan | Plans created and carried out by Stalin in the USSR, but were not very successful | | 55 |
| 4873995637 | Rise of Dictators after WWI | Benito Mussolini started Italian fascist movement, used threats and force by Black Shirts to stop opposition. In 1922, he forced himself into power. (dictatorship, but not totalitarian).
Disgusted by their WWI loss, Hitler joins the German Worker's Party. He used the Great Depression to create support, and created the SA (Brownshirts) to maintain control. President Hindenburg appointed Hitler chancellor in 1933, and he used secret police (Gestapo) to remove opposition. | | 56 |
| 4873995638 | Black Shirts | Army of Benito Mussolini in Italy. | | 57 |
| 4873995639 | German Worker's Party | Predecessor to the Nazi party that Hitler joined after WWI. | | 58 |
| 4873995640 | SA | aka Brownshirts
Secret military police of Hitler and the Nazi party | | 59 |
| 4873995641 | President Hidenburg | President of Germany who appointed Hitler to chancellor in 1933. | | 60 |
| 4873995642 | Gestapo | Hitler's secret police who removed his opposition. | | 61 |
| 4873995643 | President v. Chancellor | Not the same thing. Hindenburg did not directly oust himself. | | 62 |
| 4873995644 | Stalin's Rule over USSR | Removed rivals through murder/conviction in "show trials." Removed all threats and executed many officers during the Great Purge of the Communist Party. Stalin created the Cult of Personality: portrayed as all-knowing figure, ruled based on fear and suspicion. | | 63 |
| 4873995645 | Great Purge of the Communist Party | Stalin removed all threats from his army | | 64 |
| 4873995646 | Cult of Personality | (How stalin ruled the USSR)
He was portrayed as an all-knowing figure, who ruled using fear and suspicion. | | 65 |
| 4873995647 | Balfour Declaraion | In 1917, Britain promised Christian/Jewish homeland to Palestine. | | 66 |
| 4873995648 | Japan between WW1/WW2 | The military took over the Japanese government, and created a large military buildup and aggressive foreign policy. In 1931, they invade Manchuria | | 67 |
| 4873995649 | What happened after the Qing Dynasty fell? | Local warlords divided China. The Guomindang (Nationalist) Party, led by Sun Yat-Sen allied with betrayed communists. Chiang Kai-Shek rose to lead party after Yat-Sen's death.
Mao Zedong led the Chinese Communist Party against this government based on the lack of peasant support given by the Nationalist Party. | | 68 |
| 4873995650 | India between WW1/WW2 | India began to fight for freedom from Britain because they were paying taxes for the war efforts, with few freedoms (didn't even get ones promised to them by Britain). Mohandas Gandhi assumed lead of independence movement, using non-violent resistance and peaceful protests. | | 69 |
| 4873995651 | Guomindang | Chinese Nationalist Party led by Sun Yat-Sen, and then, Chiang Kai-Shek. They defeated the Qing Dynasty, and then were defeated by the Communist Party. | | 70 |
| 4873995652 | Sun Yat-Sen | Original leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party | | 71 |
| 4873995653 | Chiang Kai-Shek | Second leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party, after Sun Yat-Sen's death. | | 72 |
| 4873995654 | Mao Zedong | Leader of the Chinese Communist Party | | 73 |
| 4873995655 | Mohandas Gandhi | Leader of the Indian-Freedom-From-Britain movement. | | 74 |
| 4873995656 | Hitler's Aggression | He slowly became more confident about breaking the Treaty of Versailles: he re-armed Germany and refortified the Rhineland in 1936. Hitler annexed Austria, in what was called the Anschluss. Hitler demanded the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia, and it was given to him as part of appeasement. He soon occupied all of Czechoslovakia. | | 75 |
| 4873995657 | Rhineland | An area in Germany that was demilitarized by the Treaty of Versailles, but Hitler militarized it anyway. | | 76 |
| 4873995658 | Anschluss | Hitler's annexation of AUstria | | 77 |
| 4873995659 | Sudetenland | Part of Czechoslovakia that Hitler wanted and was given to him in order to appease him. | | 78 |
| 4873995660 | Munich Conference | Germany, Italy, France, and Great Britain signed the Munich Pact to give the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia to Hitler as a part of appeasement. | | 79 |
| 4873995661 | Appeasement | The Sudetenland was given to Hitler to prevent him from taking other lands. | | 80 |
| 4873995662 | Spanish Civil War | 1936-1939
Nationalists (Fascists) versus Republicans (Loyalists). Germany and Italy supported the Fascists, led by Francisco Franco. The Soviet Union supported the Republicans. Fascists won in 1939. | | 81 |
| 4873995663 | Francisco Franco | Leader of the Fascist army during the Spanish Civil War. He had the support of Germany and Italy. | | 82 |
| 4873995664 | USSR-Germany Alliance (WW2) leads to war | In 1939, they signed the Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact to agree to not go to war for 10 years, and they would divide Poland. Hitler invaded Poland, and France/Great Britain soon declared war. | | 83 |
| 4873995665 | Japanese Military Aggression (Beginning of WW2) | Japan invaded Manchuria and China in the 30s, including the Rape of Nanking, killing almost 300k civilians. In response, the US cut off oil exports to Japan, which led to Pearl Harbor and the US joining the war. | | 84 |
| 4873995666 | Rape of Nanking | Japan attack of a Chinese city as revenge for resisting. | | 85 |
| 4873995667 | Blitzkreig | German form of warfare that combined surprise, artillery fire, tanks and planes to get through enemy lines. Then, infantries solidified their gains. | | 86 |
| 4873995668 | Maginot Line | French line of forts/protection that the Nazis easily destroyed | | 87 |
| 4873995669 | Dunkirk Evacuation | British and some French forces escaped to England, saving over 300k allied troops. | | 88 |
| 4873995670 | Battle of Britain | Hitler's attempt to defeat the last Ally power (Britain), by using Luftwaffe warfare against the Royal Air Force. Despite harsh bombing, Churchill kept up morale. | | 89 |
| 4873995671 | The Axis Treaty | Treaty signed formally creating the Axis powers' military alliance. | | 90 |
| 4873995672 | Luftwaffe | German airforce | | 91 |
| 4873995673 | Royal Air Force | British air force | | 92 |
| 4873995674 | Operation Barbarossa | Hitler's attack on the unsuspecting USSR in 1941. They would sweep through until they were stopped in December at Moscow. The German Army finally surrendered at Stalingrad in 1942. | | 93 |
| 4873995675 | Lend-Lease Act | US foreign policy of supplying war materials to allied nations, but not have to pay until later. This was one of the early steps the US took out of isolationism and into WW2. | | 94 |
| 4873995676 | Tehran Conference | WW2 Conference between FDR, Churchill, and Stalin, assuring that the US will join. | | 95 |
| 4873995677 | Yalta Conference | Churchill, Stalin, and FDR agree to charge German/Japanese leaders as war criminals, set up the UN. | | 96 |
| 4873995678 | Potsdam Conference | Churchill, Stalin, and Truman discuss: Stalin enters war against Japan, post-war plans, Germany is divided. | | 97 |
| 4873995679 | Operation Overlord | Cross-channel invasion of France (D-Day at Normandy) | | 98 |
| 4873995680 | D-Day Invasion at Normandy | Us, Britain, and Canada invaded France on 5 beaches, opening a second front in Europe. They pushed the Axis powers back to the borders of Germany. | | 99 |
| 4873995681 | Battle of the Bulge | Germany split the Allies during a surprise attack after the Allies had pushed Germany back to its own borders. 101st Airborne Division (Screaming Eagles) was rushed to aid Bastogne | | 100 |
| 4873995682 | Bastogne | Strategic town fought for in the Battle of the Bulge, supplies were given by 101st Airborne Division (Screaming Eagles) | | 101 |
| 4873995683 | End of WW2 in Germany | Hitler committed suicide after the loss at the Battle of the Bulge, and Germany surrendered soon after. | | 102 |
| 4873995684 | Holocaust | Hitler's "final solution of the Jewish question:" to exterminate all jews. Shooting was inefficient, so an elaborate system of extermination/concentration camps was set up. Despite being for jews, all enemies of state were sent. The Germans kept very strict records of their gruesome actions. | | 103 |
| 4873995685 | Nuremberg Trials | The Allies put many top Nazi leaders on trial for war crimes, many were executed or imprisoned. | | 104 |
| 4873995686 | Battle of the Coral Sea | The US Navy stopped the Japanese advance toward Australia in 1942. | | 105 |
| 4873995687 | Battle of the Midway | The "decisive battle" of the Pacific. The US Navy surprised a Japanese invasion fleet, easily winning. | | 106 |
| 4873995688 | Manhattan Project | Top secret US project to developed an Atomic bomb. Two were dropped on HIroshima and Nagasaki, leading to the Japanese surrender. | | 107 |
| 4873995689 | Tokyo War Trials | Equivalent of Nuremberg Trials for the Japanese leaders. | | 108 |
| 4873995690 | How many people died in WW2? | 52 million | | 109 |
| 4873995691 | Cold War Background | A period of extreme competition between US and communist nations, primarily the USSR. The US was focused on containment | | 110 |
| 4873995692 | Containment | US foreign policy toward communism: To contain it to the countries in which it already existed. | | 111 |
| 4873995693 | Cold War Economic Programs | Truman Doctrine provided aid to countries in danger of communist takeover (Greece and Turkey)
Marshall Plan provided aid to countries destroyed by WW2. | | 112 |
| 4873995694 | Berlin Blockade | USSR surrounded West Berlin starting in 1948. The Berlin Airlift aided a little. NATO was formed in response. | | 113 |
| 4873995695 | Korean War | Communism-based war that had little affect on anything. Part of the Cold War. Communism WAS contained. | | 114 |
| 4873995696 | Warsaw Pact | Pact between communist nations to rival NATO. | | 115 |
| 4873995697 | Nikita Khrushchev | De-Stalinized the USSR, and tried to create a peaceful co-existence between capitalism/communism. | | 116 |
| 4873995698 | Sputnik | Soviet satellite launched into space during Cold War that started the Space Race | | 117 |
| 4873995699 | Detente | The relaxation of tensions between rival nations. | | 118 |
| 4873995700 | SALT Treaty | Strategic Arms Limitations Talks
Deal between Nixon and Soviet Premiere Brezhnev to reduce number of ICBMs either country had. | | 119 |
| 4873995701 | End of Cold War | Reagan began a military build-up to force the USSR to negotiate. When Gorbachev came to power, he instituted Glasnost (openness) and Perestroika (reform of the government/economy). He opened the Berlin wall, but the USSR collapsed because it was unable to keep up with the US military. | | 120 |
| 4873995702 | Glasnost | Policy of openness instituted in the USSR by Gorbachev | | 121 |
| 4873995703 | Perestroika | Policy of reforming the government/economy, instituted in the USSR by Gorbachev. | | 122 |
| 4873995704 | Chinese Revolution | Nationalists were in power after the Qing, but the Communists were growing, and only the communists were strong enough to fight against the Japanese in the Sino-Japanese war, leading the Communists to take over and force the nationalists to Taiwan. | | 123 |
| 4873995705 | The Great Leap Forward | Mao Zedong's Plan to modernize China through backyard furnaces. | | 124 |
| 4873995706 | After Mao Zedong died, .... | China remained communist, but began to give its citizens more rights (somewhat), and became slightly more liberal in that regard... | | 125 |
| 4873995707 | Satyagraha | Main tactic of Gandhi in his fight for Indian independence
Translates to: Truth force, non-violent resistance
He attempted to unite Hindus and Muslims | | 126 |
| 4873995708 | Indian Congress Party | Indian party that tried to negotiate Indian independence during WW2, but failed, so they resisted the war effort, resulting in imprisonment for many leaders, including Gandhi. | | 127 |
| 4873995709 | Jawaharal Nehru | First Prime Minister of India | | 128 |
| 4873995710 | India-Pakistan Split | After all of India gained independence, it split up into India (Hindu), Pakistan (Muslim), and Bangladesh. | | 129 |
| 4873995711 | Mexican Revolution | Leader Porfirio Diaz would corrupt the government. Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa were revolutionaries, which led to civil war. | | 130 |
| 4873995712 | NAFTA | Trade agreement between Mexico and the US. | | 131 |
