AP Literature: Sociedad Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7188065828 | Aztec ruuler | Cuauhtémoc | 0 | |
| 7188067182 | Pre-Colombus mexican ruler | Netzahualcoyotl | 1 | |
| 7188069165 | small village | aldea | 2 | |
| 7188069166 | villager | aldeano | 3 | |
| 7188069167 | soul | alma | 4 | |
| 7188069519 | beat around the bush | ambages | 5 | |
| 7188069520 | dislike | anipatia | 6 | |
| 7188069771 | weapons | armas | 7 | |
| 7188069772 | boldness | atrevimiento | 8 | |
| 7188070171 | bullet | bala | 9 | |
| 7188070172 | lad | cachorro | 10 | |
| 7188070559 | country side | campestre | 11 | |
| 7188070560 | hunter | cazador | 12 | |
| 7188071988 | region | comarca | 13 | |
| 7188072468 | creole | criollo | 14 | |
| 7188072469 | standard | estándar | 15 | |
| 7188073198 | break | freno | 16 | |
| 7188073199 | track | huella | 17 | |
| 7188073336 | fire | incendio | 18 | |
| 7188073337 | indian | indio | 19 | |
| 7188073338 | invader | invasor | 20 | |
| 7188073489 | thief | ladron | 21 | |
| 7188073490 | wickedness | maldad | 22 | |
| 7188073658 | mixed-race | mestizo | 23 | |
| 7188074063 | landscape | paisaje | 24 | |
| 7188074064 | race | raza | 25 | |
| 7188074436 | future | porvenir | 26 | |
| 7188074437 | earth | tierra | 27 | |
| 7188074594 | native land | tierra natal | 28 | |
| 7188074595 | tyrant | tirano | 29 | |
| 7188074746 | yankee | yuanqui | 30 | |
| 7188075423 | aboriginal | aborigen | 31 | |
| 7188075424 | sour | agrio | 32 | |
| 7188075425 | educated | culto | 33 | |
| 7188075630 | painful | doloroso | 34 | |
| 7188075631 | eternal | eterno | 35 | |
| 7188075632 | skilled | hábil | 36 | |
| 7188075789 | deep | hondo | 37 | |
| 7188076159 | indigenous | indígena | 38 | |
| 7188076367 | naive | ingenua | 39 | |
| 7188076368 | native | natal | 40 | |
| 7188076563 | bloody | sangriento | 41 | |
| 7188076564 | quick | veloz | 42 | |
| 7188076799 | to drag down | arollar | 43 | |
| 7188077019 | to assassinate | asesinar | 44 | |
| 7188077020 | to give up | ceder | 45 | |
| 7188077211 | to knock down | derribar | 46 | |
| 7188077212 | to not know | desconocer | 47 | |
| 7188078973 | to throw out | echar | 48 | |
| 7188078974 | to promoote | fomentar | 49 | |
| 7188079210 | to put the brakes on | frendar | 50 | |
| 7188079513 | to tremble | estremecerse | 51 | |
| 7188079704 | to inherit | heredar | 52 | |
| 7188079705 | to be born | nacer | 53 | |
| 7188079706 | to shock | sacudir | 54 |
AP Literature Vocabulary Words Flashcards
AP Literature SAT Vocabulary Words
Terms : Hide Images
| 5751084468 | avocation | (n.) an activity pursued for pleasure; a hobby. | 0 | |
| 5751084469 | capricious | (adj.) changing suddenly; fickle | 1 | |
| 5751084470 | disparity | (n.) an inequality; a gap; an imbalance | 2 | |
| 5751084471 | efficacy | (n.) capacity or power to produce a desired effect | 3 | |
| 5751084472 | epistle | (n.) a letter or literary composition in letter form | 4 | |
| 5751084473 | hospice | 1)(n.) a home providing care for the sick or terminally ill. 2) (n.) a lodging for travellers, especially one run by a religious order | 5 | |
| 5751084474 | impetus | (n.) a moving force; impulse; stimulus | 6 | |
| 5751084475 | moribund | (adj.) approaching death; about to become obsolete | 7 | |
| 5751084476 | reticent | (adj.) silent; reserved | 8 | |
| 5751084477 | vacillate | (v.) to swing indecisively from one idea or course of action to another; to waver weakly in mind or will | 9 | |
| 5751084478 | conform | (v.) adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard | 10 | |
| 5751084479 | trepidation | (n.) fear, nervous apprehension | 11 | |
| 5751084480 | malfeasance | (n.) misconduct or wrongdoing, especially by a public official | 12 | |
| 5751084481 | portent | (adj.) ominous | 13 | |
| 5751084482 | agglomeration | a process involving the clustering or concentrating of people or activities. | 14 | |
| 5751084483 | atrophy | (n.) the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline or failure; (v.) to waste away | 15 | |
| 5751084484 | squalid | (adj.) filthy, wretched, debased | 16 |
AP Literature Vocab Words Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7052674662 | Abstract | refers to language that describes concepts rather than concrete images (ideas and qualities rather than observable or specific things, people, or places). The observable or "physical" is usually described in concrete language | 0 | |
| 7052674663 | Anecdote | a short, simple narrative of an incident; often used for humorous effect or to make a point. | 1 | |
| 7052678121 | Annotation | Explanatory notes added to a text to explain, cite sources, or give bibliographical data | 2 | |
| 7052678824 | Argumentation | writing that attempts to prove the validity of a point of view or an idea by presenting reasoned arguments; persuasive writing is a form of argumentation. | 3 | |
| 7052679534 | Colloquialism | a word or phrase (including slang) used in everyday conversation and informal writing but that is often inappropriate in formal writing (y'all, ain't) | 4 | |
| 7052681164 | Concrete Language | Language that describes specific, observable things, people, or places, rather than ideas or qualities. | 5 | |
| 7052682422 | Connotation | implied or suggested meaning of a word because of its association in the reader's mind. | 6 | |
| 7052683752 | Description | the picturing in words of something or someone through detailed observation of color, motion, sound, taste, smell, and touch; one of the four modes of discourse | 7 | |
| 7052683753 | Diction | word choice, an element of style; Diction creates tone, attitude, and style, as well as meaning. Different types and arrangements of words have significant effects on meaning. An essay written in academic diction would be much less colorful, but perhaps more precise than street slang. | 8 | |
| 7052685050 | Emotional Appeal; Pathos | When a writer appeals to readers' emotions (often through pathos) to excite and involve them in the argument. | 9 | |
| 7052686370 | Emotional Appeal; Ethos | When a writer tries to persuade the audience to respect and believe him or her based on a presentation of image of self through the text. Reputation is sometimes a factor in ethical appeal, but in all cases the aim is to gain the audience's confidence | 10 | |
| 7052686371 | Euphemism | a more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable. "He went to his final reward" is a common euphemism for "he died." Euphemisms are also often used to obscure the reality of a situation. The military uses "collateral damage" to indicate civilian deaths in a military operation. | 11 | |
| 7052688033 | Example | An individual instance taken to be representative of a general pattern. Arguing by example is considered reliable if examples are demonstrable true or factual as well as relevant. | 12 | |
| 7052688764 | Exposition | the immediate revelation to the audience of the setting and other background information necessary for understanding the plot; also, explanation; one of the four modes of discourse | 13 | |
| 7052688765 | Figurative Language | Such as metaphor, simile, personification, etc | 14 | |
| 7052689462 | Humor | anything that causes laughter or amusement; up until the end of the Renaissance, humor meant a person's temperament | 15 | |
| 7052689463 | Hyperbole | deliberate exaggeration in order to create humor or emphasis (Example: He was so hungry he could have eaten a horse.) | 16 | |
| 7052690068 | Image | A word or words, either figurative or literal, used to describe a sensory experience or an object perceived by the sense. An image is always a concrete representation. | 17 | |
| 7052690069 | Jargon | The special language of a profession or group. The term jargon usually has pejorative Associations with the implication that jargon is evasive, tedious, and unintelligible to outsiders. The writings of the lawyer and the literary critic are both susceptible to jargon | 18 | |
| 7052692021 | Logical Appeal; Logos | When a writer tries to persuade the audience based on statistics, facts, and reasons. The process of reasoning | 19 | |
| 7052692022 | Mood | similar to tone, mood is the primary emotional attitude of a work (the feeling of the work; the atmosphere). Syntax is also a determiner of mood because sentence strength, length, and complexity affect pacing. | 20 | |
| 7052693125 | Parallelism | the technique of arranging words, phrases, clauses, or larger structures by placing them side by side and making them similar in form. Parallel structure may be as simple as listing two or three modifiers in a row to describe the same noun or verb; it may take the form of two or more of the same type of phrases (prepositional, participial, gerund, appositive) that modify the same noun or verb; it may also take the form of two or more subordinate clauses that modify the same noun or verb. Or, parallel structure may be a complex bend of singe-word, phrase, and clause parallelism all in the same sentence. Example (from Churchill): "We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields." | 21 | |
| 7052693901 | Regionalism | an element in literature that conveys a realistic portrayal of a specific geographical locale, using the locale and its influences as a major part of the plot | 22 | |
| 7052695231 | Rhetorical Question | one that does not expect an explicit answer. It is used to pose an idea to be considered by the speaker or audience. | 23 | |
| 7052695232 | Sarcasm | harsh, caustic personal remarks to or about someone; less subtle than irony | 24 | |
| 7052696058 | Style | an author's characteristic manner of expression - his or her diction, syntax, imagery, structure, and content all contribute to style | 25 | |
| 7052697429 | Synecdoche | a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent a whole, such as using "boards" to mean a stage or "wheels" to mean a car - or "All hands on deck." | 26 | |
| 7052698633 | Theme | the central idea or "message" or a literary work | 27 | |
| 7052698634 | Thesis | the main idea of a piece of writing. It presents the author's assertion or claim. The effectiveness of a presentation is often based on how well the writer presents, develops, and supports the thesis. | 28 | |
| 7052699704 | Tone | the characteristic emotion or attitude of an author toward the characters, subject, and audience (anger, sarcastic, loving, didactic, emotional, etc.) | 29 | |
| 7052699705 | Transition | 30 | ||
| 7052701751 | Understatement | the opposite of exaggeration. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended. | 31 | |
| 7052977960 | Oxymoron | a figure of speech composed of contradictory words or phrases, such as "wise fool," bitter-sweet, "pretty ugly," "jumbo shrimp," "cold fire" | 32 | |
| 7053035403 | Paradox | a statement that seems to contradict itself but that turns out to have a rational meaning, as in this quotation from Henry David Thoreau; "I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude." | 33 | |
| 7053254260 | Persuasion | a form of argumentation, one of the four modes of discourse; language intended to convince through appeals to reason or emotion. | 34 | |
| 7053272366 | Repetition | Word or phrase used two or more times in close proximity | 35 | |
| 7053306267 | Syntax | the grammatical structure of a sentence; the arrangement of words in a sentence. Syntax includes length of sentence, kinds of sentences (questions, exclamations, declarative sentences, rhetorical questions, simple, complex, or compound). | 36 |
Flashcards
AP LITERATURE VOCABULARY TERMS Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7862590372 | ALLEGORY | story or poem in which characters, settings, and events stand for other people or events or for abstract ideas or qualities. | 0 | |
| 7862590717 | ALLITERATION | repetition of the same or similar consonant sounds in words that are close together. | 1 | |
| 7862591177 | ALLUSION | reference to someone or something that is known from history, literature, religion, politics, sports, science, or another branch of culture. An indirect reference to something (usually from literature, etc.). | 2 | |
| 7862592448 | ANALOGY | Comparison made between two things to show how they are alike | 3 | |
| 7862593223 | ANAPHORA | Repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. This is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer's point more coherent. | 4 | |
| 7862593702 | ANTITHESIS | Balancing words, phrases, or ideas that are strongly contrasted, often by means of grammatical structure. | 5 | |
| 7862594597 | ANTIHERO | Central character who lacks all the qualities traditionally associated with heroes. may lack courage, grace, intelligence, or moral scruples | 6 | |
| 7862595149 | ANTHROPOMORPHISM | attributing human characteristics to an animal or inanimate object (Personification) | 7 | |
| 7862595613 | APHORISM | brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life, or of a principle or accepted general truth. Also called maxim, epigram | 8 | |
| 7862596012 | INVOCATION | calling out to an imaginary, dead, or absent person, or to a place or thing, or a personified abstract idea. If the character is asking a god or goddess for inspiration it is called an invocation | 9 | |
| 7951802139 | APOSTROPHE | a mark used to indicate the omission of one or more letters. | 10 | |
| 7862596347 | ASSONANCE | the repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds especially in words that are together | 11 | |
| 7862597053 | CONCEIT | an elaborate metaphor that compares two things that are startlingly different. Often an extended metaphor | 12 | |
| 7862597516 | COUPLET | two consecutive rhyming lines of poetry. | 13 | |
| 7862598011 | DICTION | a speaker or writer's choice of words | 14 | |
| 7862598312 | DIDACTIC | form of fiction or nonfiction that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model of correct behavior or thinking | 15 | |
| 7862598682 | EPIGRAPH | a quotation or aphorism at the beginning of a literary work suggestive of the theme. | 16 | |
| 7862600514 | METONYMY | a figure of speech in which a person, place, or thing, is referred to by something closely associated with it. | 17 | |
| 7862600920 | MOOD | An atmosphere created by a writer's diction and the details selected | 18 | |
| 7862601488 | MOTIF | a recurring image, word, phrase, action, idea, object, or situation used throughout a work (or in several works by one author), unifying the work by tying the current situation to previous ones, or new ideas to the theme | 19 | |
| 7862601779 | OXYMORON | a figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase. "Jumbo shrimp." "Pretty ugly." "Bitter-sweet" | 20 | |
| 7862602966 | PARABLE | a relatively short story that teaches a moral, or lesson about how to lead a good life. | 21 | |
| 7862603585 | PARADOX | a statement that appears self-contradictory, but that reveals a kind of truth. KOAN is a paradox used in Zen Buddhism to gain intuitive knowledge: "What is the sound of one hand clapping?" | 22 | |
| 7862603872 | PARALLEL STRUCTURE (parallelism) | the repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structures. | 23 | |
| 7862604098 | PARODY | a work that makes fun of another work by imitating some aspect of the writer's style. | 24 | |
| 7862604625 | POLYSYNDETON | sentence which uses a conjunction with NO commas to separate the items in a series. Instead of X, Y, and Z... Polysyndeton results in X and Y and Z... Kurt Vonnegut uses this device. | 25 | |
| 7862605130 | STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS | a style of writing that portrays the inner (often chaotic) workings of a character's mind. | 26 | |
| 7862605934 | STYLE | the distinctive way in which a writer uses language: a writer's distinctive use of diction, tone, and syntax. | 27 | |
| 7862606445 | SYMBOL | a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself and that also stands for something more than itself. | 28 | |
| 7862606826 | SYNECDOCHE | a figure of speech in which a part represents the whole. "If you don't drive properly, you will lose your wheels." The wheels represent the entire car. | 29 | |
| 7862607526 | THEME | the insight about human life that is revealed in a literary work. | 30 | |
| 7862608235 | TONE | the attitude a writer takes toward the subject of a work, the characters in it, or the audience, revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization. | 31 | |
| 7862608587 | VERNACULAR | the language spoken by the people who live in a particular locality. | 32 | |
| 7862609318 | EPISTROPHE | Device of repetition in which the same expression (single word or phrase) is repeated at the end of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences (it is the opposite of anaphora). | 33 | |
| 7862609973 | EPITHET | an adjective or adjective phrase applied to a person or thing that is frequently used to emphasize a characteristic quality. "Father of our country" and "the great Emancipator" are examples. A Homeric epithet is a compound adjective used with a person or thing: "swift-footed Achilles"; "rosy-fingered dawn." | 34 | |
| 7862610404 | INVERSION | the reversal of the normal word order in a sentence or phrase. | 35 | |
| 7862610405 | VERBAL IRONY | occurs when someone says one thing but really means something else. | 36 | |
| 7862610946 | SITUATIONAL IRONY | takes place when there is a discrepancy between what is expected to happen, or what would be appropriate to happen, and what really does happen. | 37 | |
| 7862610947 | DRAMATIC IRONY | is so called because it is often used on stage. A character in the play or story thinks one thing is true, but the audience or reader knows better. | 38 | |
| 7862611266 | JUXTAPOSITION | poetic and rhetorical device in which normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to one another, creating an effect of surprise and wit. Ezra Pound: "The apparition of these faces in the crowd;/ Petals on a wet, black bough." | 39 | |
| 7862612556 | LITOTES | is a form of understatement in which the positive form is emphasized through the negation of a negative form: Hawthorne--- "...the wearers of petticoat and farthingale...stepping forth into the public ways, and wedging their not unsubstantial persons, if occasion were, into the throng..." | 40 | |
| 7862614436 | MIXED METAPHOR | is a metaphor that has gotten out of control and mixes its terms so that they are visually or imaginatively incompatible. "The President is a lame duck who is running out of gas." | 41 | |
| 7862612948 | LOCAL COLOR | a term applied to fiction or poetry which tends to place special emphasis on a particular setting, including its customs, clothing, dialect and landscape. | 42 | |
| 7862613415 | LOOSE SENTENCE | one in which the main clause comes first, followed by further dependent grammatical units. See periodic sentence. | 43 | |
| 7862613768 | IMPLIED METAPHOR | does not state explicitly the two terms of the comparison: "I like to see it lap the miles" is an implied metaphor in which the verb lap implies a comparison between "it" and some animal that "laps" up water. | 44 | |
| 7862613769 | DEAD METAPHOR | is a metaphor that has been used so often that the comparison is no longer vivid: "The head of the house", "the seat of the government", "a knotty problem" are all dead metaphors. | 45 | |
| 7862613416 | METAPHOR | a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things without the use of such specific words of comparison as like, as, than, or resembles. | 46 |
AP Spanish Literature: Epocas Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6761069378 | el Medioevo (siglos V -XV) | llamado también la Edad Media; el milenio entre la caída del Imperio Romano y el Renacimiento. Obras estudiadas: El mancebo... y Romance de Alhama. | 0 | |
| 6761069379 | Renacimiento (inicia a mediados del s. XV-XVI) | periodo histórico que sigue al Medioevo y precede al Barroco; coincide con la primera parte del Siglo de Oro; comienza con la unidad española bajo los Reyes Católicos y dura hasta fines del siglo XVI. Autor estudiado: Garcilaso de la Vega | 1 | |
| 6761069380 | Siglo de Oro **En España: Edad de Oro de la literatura española | Época en que la literatura, las artes y la cultura alcanzan su mayor esplendor. En España abarca dos períodos: el Renacimiento del s. XVI y el Barroco del s. XVII. | 2 | |
| 6761069381 | el barroco en España | el siglo XVII; lo caracteriza una superabundancia de elementos ornamentales; la belleza está en la complejidad: expresión retorcida, elementos accesorios, metáforas y juegos de palabras. Sus dos vertientes son el conceptismo (de Quevedo) y el culteranismo (de Góngora) Otros autores: Sor Juana, Tirso de Molina. | 3 | |
| 6761069382 | el culteranismo | estilo literario del Barroco preocupado por el preciosismo, el uso excesivo de metáforas, hipérbatons y cultismos -palabras que la mayoría de las personas no conocen el significado. Representante en España: Góngora | 4 | |
| 6761069383 | el gongorismo | otro nombre que se da al culteranismo, por ser Góngora su mayor exponente. | 5 | |
| 6761069384 | el conceptismo | estilo literario propio del Barroco, se caracteriza por el uso de asociaciones rebuscadas, retruécanos, paradojas y agudeza de pensamiento. Representante en España: Quevedo | 6 | |
| 6761069385 | literatura colonial | la literatura escrita durante la época de la colonización española en tierras americanas. Autores: Sor Juana, Sahagún | 7 | |
| 6761069386 | el neoclasicismo (s. XVIII) | movimiento del siglo XVIII; lo caracterizan un formalismo que imita a los clásicos y la frialdad temática Rechaza al barroco y propone volver a lo clásico y lo universal. No estudiamos ningún autor. | 8 | |
| 6761069387 | el romanticismo (primera mitad del s. XIX) | movimiento de la primera mitad del siglo XIX como reacción al neoclasicismo. Sus características más importantes son: la LIBERTAD, el SUBJETIVISMO (el "yo" romántico), el HISTORICISMO, el IRRACIONALISMO y la EVASIÓN. Autor estudiado: Heredia | 9 |
AP Language Cumulative Vocabulary Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6649557659 | GUISE | general external appearance | 0 | |
| 6649557660 | SEMBLANCE | an assumed or unreal appearance | 1 | |
| 6649557661 | DISPARAGE | to speak of or treat slightingly | 2 | |
| 6649557662 | PROSCRIBE | to denounce or condemn (a thing) as dangerous or harmful; banish exile | 3 | |
| 6649557663 | ENCAPSULATE | to summarize or condense | 4 | |
| 6649557664 | APHORISM | a short pithy instructive saying | 5 | |
| 6649557665 | SINE QUA NON | an indispensable condition, element, or factor | 6 | |
| 6649557666 | QUINTESSENTIAL | of the pure and essential essence of something; representing the perfect example of a class or quality | 7 | |
| 6649557667 | ILLUSORY | causing illusion; deceptive; misleading | 8 | |
| 6649557668 | DISPARATE | fundamentally different or distinct in quality or kind | 9 | |
| 6649557669 | VINDICATE | to clear of accusation, blame, suspicion, or doubt with supporting proof | 10 | |
| 6649557670 | APLOMB | confidence and composure under strain without arrogance | 11 | |
| 6649557671 | AUSPICIOUS | promising success; favorable | 12 | |
| 6649557672 | APODICTIC | incontestable because of having been proved | 13 | |
| 6649557673 | UNTENABLE | incapable of being defended or justified | 14 | |
| 6649557674 | DISSENT | to differ in sentiment from the majority | 15 | |
| 6649557675 | UBIQUITOUS | being present everywhere at once | 16 | |
| 6649557676 | PARADIGM | a cognitive framework shared by members of any discipline or group (the company's business paradigm) | 17 | |
| 6649557677 | TRAVESTY | any grotesque or debased likeness or imitation (a travesty of justice) | 18 | |
| 6649557678 | CREDULOUS | willing to believe or trust too readily, especially without proper or adequate evidence | 19 | |
| 6649557679 | COMPUNCTION | a feeling of anxiety caused by regret for doing something wrong or causing pain | 20 | |
| 6649557680 | EXACERBATE | to increase the severity; aggravate | 21 | |
| 6649557681 | AMELIORATE | to make or become better or improve | 22 | |
| 6649557682 | PLACATE | to appease or pacify with concessions | 23 | |
| 6649557683 | ASSUAGE | to make milder; relieve; soothe, calm fears or anger | 24 | |
| 6649557684 | NEFARIOUS | extremely wicked | 25 | |
| 6649557685 | VIABLE | 1. capable of living; 2. useful or effective | 26 | |
| 6649557686 | DENIGRATE | to speak damagingly of; criticize in a derogatory manner | 27 | |
| 6649557687 | EXCULPATE | to clear from a charge of guilt or fault | 28 | |
| 6649557688 | VEHEMENT | strongly emotional; intense or passionate | 29 | |
| 6649557689 | DISINGENUOUS | NOT straightforward or candid | 30 | |
| 6649557690 | INGENUOUS | free from reserve; candid; sincere | 31 | |
| 6649557691 | CHAGRIN | feelings of disappointment and embarassment | 32 | |
| 6649557692 | REPUDIATE | to reject as having any authority (to repudiate a claim) | 33 | |
| 6649557693 | DELINEATE | to portray in words; describe with precision | 34 | |
| 6649557694 | EMPIRICAL | derived from experiment and observation rather than theory | 35 | |
| 6649557695 | INURED | made tough by habitual exposure | 36 | |
| 6649557696 | FALLOW | plowed and left unseeded; not in use | 37 | |
| 6649557697 | SALIENT | prominent or conspicuous (salient traits) | 38 | |
| 6649557698 | EXTOL | praise, glorify, or honor | 39 | |
| 6649557699 | AMBIGUOUS | open to two or more interpretations | 40 | |
| 6649557700 | GUILE | crafty or artful deception; duplicity | 41 | |
| 6649557701 | OSTRACIZE | to exclude, by general consent, from society, friendship, conversation, etc. | 42 | |
| 6649557702 | CACHET | superior status; prestige of a position or a university; a distinguishing mark or feature (Ivy League schools have their own cachet) | 43 | |
| 6649557703 | IMPUGN | challenge as false or wrong | 44 | |
| 6649557704 | IMPUNITY | exemption from punishment or loss | 45 | |
| 6649557705 | EXTENUATE | to lessen or try to lessen the seriousness of a situation | 46 | |
| 6649557706 | MITIGATE | to make less severe | 47 | |
| 6649557707 | INCESSANT | occurring so frequently as to seem ceaseless or uninterrupted | 48 | |
| 6649557708 | VIS A VIS | 1. face to face 2. in relation to; compared with | 49 | |
| 6649557709 | INSIDIOUS | intended to entrap | 50 | |
| 6649557710 | TUMULTUOUS | disorderly or noisy (a tumultuous crowd of students) | 51 | |
| 6649557711 | SUBSTANTIATE | to establish by proof or competent evidence | 52 | |
| 6649557712 | POLEMICAL | controversial; highly debated | 53 | |
| 6649557713 | CONVALESCENCE | gradual healing (through rest) after sickness or injury | 54 | |
| 6649557714 | EGREGIOUS | conspicuously and outrageously bad or reprehensible | 55 | |
| 6649557715 | CAUSTIC | severely critical or sarcastic | 56 | |
| 6649557716 | ACERBIC | sour; harsh or severe, in temper or expression | 57 | |
| 6649557717 | LAMBASTE | to reprimand or berate harshly | 58 | |
| 6649557718 | HARANGUE | a long, intense scolding or attack | 59 | |
| 6649557719 | APPROBATION | official recognition or approval | 60 | |
| 6649557720 | REPLETE | abundantly supplied or provided | 61 | |
| 6649557721 | RIFE | frequent occurrence; in widespread existence, activity, or use | 62 | |
| 6649557722 | REPREHENSIBLE | deserving severe rebuke or censure | 63 | |
| 6649557723 | ENSCONCE | to settle or hide securely or snugly (in an armchair, corner, closet etc.) | 64 | |
| 6649557724 | ENSHROUD | to cover or hide; conceal | 65 | |
| 6649557725 | TEDIUM | the state of being wearisome; irksomeness | 66 | |
| 6649557726 | RESCIND | to invalidate; revoke; repeal | 67 | |
| 6649557727 | REFUTE | to prove to be false | 68 | |
| 6649557728 | LAMPOON | a sharp satire or criticism directed against an individual or institution | 69 | |
| 6649557729 | HEDONISM | a system that evaluates the pursuit of pleasure as the highest good | 70 | |
| 6649557730 | TENUOUS | thin or slender; lacking a sound basis as reasoning | 71 | |
| 6649557731 | BOMBAST | speech too pompous for an occasion | 72 | |
| 6649557732 | CURTAIL | to cut short | 73 | |
| 6649557733 | OBSCURE | not clear or plain; vague, or uncertain | 74 | |
| 6649557734 | OBFUSCATE | to confuse, bewilder, or stupefy | 75 | |
| 6649557735 | DECORUM | propriety in manners and conduct | 76 | |
| 6649557736 | OBSTINATE | firmly and unreasonably adhering to one's purpose, opinion | 77 | |
| 6649557737 | OBDURATE | unmoved by persuasion, pity, or tender feelings; unyielding. | 78 | |
| 6649557738 | UNCTUOUS | unpleasantly and excessively suave or ingratiating in manner or speech; oily | 79 | |
| 6649557739 | INGRATIATE | gain favor with somebody by deliberate efforts | 80 | |
| 6649557740 | EQUIVOCATE | to use unclear expressions usually to avoid commitment or to mislead | 81 | |
| 6649557741 | RETICENT | intentionally silent; reserved | 82 | |
| 6649557742 | ACCOLADE | any award, honor, or laudatory notice | 83 | |
| 6649557743 | PORTEND (verb) | to indicate in advance | 84 | |
| 6649557744 | PORTENT (noun) | an indication or omen of something about to happen | 85 | |
| 6649557745 | ESOTERIC | understandable by only an enlightened inner circle | 86 | |
| 6649557746 | TORPID | sluggish inactivity; lethargic indifference | 87 | |
| 6649557747 | ABASE | to reduce or lower, as in rank, office, reputation, or estimation (suggests loss of prestige or dignity) | 88 | |
| 6649557748 | DEGRADE | to reduce or lower, as in rank, office, reputation, or estimation (suggests humiliation) | 89 | |
| 6649557749 | POSTHUMOUS | occurring after a person's death | 90 | |
| 6649557750 | POSTULATE | to assume without proof, or as self-evident | 91 | |
| 6649557751 | ICONOCLAST | a person who attacks and seeks to overthrow popular ideas or institutions | 92 | |
| 6649557752 | ONUS | a difficult obligation, task, burden, responsibility | 93 | |
| 6649557753 | DEPRECATE | to verbally disapprove of | 94 | |
| 6649557754 | PEJORATIVE | having a disparaging or belittling effect | 95 | |
| 6649557755 | IMMUTABLE | unchangeable | 96 | |
| 6649557756 | OPULENT | wealthy or affluent | 97 | |
| 6649557757 | PRECIPITOUS | extremely or impassably steep | 98 | |
| 6649557758 | MAELSTROM | 1. a powerful or violent whirlpool 2. disordered state of affairs | 99 | |
| 6649557759 | RECAPITULATE | summarize briefly | 100 | |
| 6649557760 | CAPITULATE | to surrender; to give up resistance | 101 | |
| 6649557761 | ACQUIESCE | submit or comply silently or without protest | 102 | |
| 6649557762 | PREEMINENT | superior; surpassing; above or before others | 103 | |
| 6649557763 | SARDONIC | mocking; cynical; sneering | 104 | |
| 6649557764 | PRETENTIOUS | assumption of dignity or importance, usually when exaggerated or underserved | 105 | |
| 6649557765 | OSTENTATIOUS | showy in an attempt to impress others | 106 | |
| 6649557766 | PRESUMPTUOUS | unwarrantedly or impertinently bold; forward | 107 | |
| 6649557767 | PROPENSITY | a natural inclination or tendency | 108 | |
| 6649557768 | PENCHANT | a strong inclination or tendency | 109 | |
| 6649557769 | PALPABLE | plainly seen, heard; capable of being touched or felt | 110 | |
| 6649557770 | PANACEA | a remedy for all disease or ills; cure-all; usually used negatively | 111 | |
| 6649557771 | PRISTINE | having its original purity; uncorrupted or unsullied. | 112 | |
| 6649557772 | MALLEABLE | capable of being shaped or bent | 113 | |
| 6649557773 | PARAMOUNT | chief in importance or impact; supreme | 114 | |
| 6649557774 | UPSHOT | the final issue, the conclusion, or the result | 115 | |
| 6649557775 | PARIAH | an outcast; any person or animal that is generally despised or avoided | 116 | |
| 6649557776 | ANTIQUATED | old-fashioned; no longer used | 117 | |
| 6649557777 | INEPT | without skill or aptitude for a particular task or assignment | 118 | |
| 6649557778 | PEDESTRIAN | lacking in vitality, imagination, distinction, etc.; commonplace; dull | 119 | |
| 6649557779 | CHARLATAN | a person who pretends or claims to have more knowledge or skill than he or she possesses | 120 | |
| 6649557780 | POSEUR | a person who attempts to impress others by pretending to be someone they're not | 121 | |
| 6649557781 | MASOCHIST | a person who loves experiencing pain, self-imposed or imposed by others | 122 | |
| 6649557782 | SADIST | a person who obtains pleasure from inflicting pain on others | 123 | |
| 6649557783 | MISOGYNIST | a person who hates, dislikes, mistrusts, or mistreats women | 124 | |
| 6649557784 | SYCOPHANT | a self-seeking, servile flatterer | 125 | |
| 6649557785 | VACUOUS | empty; lacking intelligence | 126 | |
| 6649557786 | INANE | lacking sense, significance; silly | 127 | |
| 6649557787 | RELEGATE | to assign or send to an inferior position, place, or condition | 128 | |
| 6649557788 | SUBJUGATE | to bring under complete control; conquer; master | 129 | |
| 6649557789 | FLIPPANT | frivolously disrespectful, shallow, or lacking in seriousness | 130 | |
| 6649557790 | PATRONIZE | to behave in an offensively condescending manner toward someone | 131 | |
| 6649557791 | DUPLICITOUS | deceitfulness in speech or conduct (speaking or acting in two different ways to different people concerning the same matter) | 132 | |
| 6649557792 | SPECIOUS | seemingly true, but actually false | 133 | |
| 6649557793 | OSTENSIBLE | outwardly appearing as such; pretended | 134 | |
| 6649557794 | VENERATE | to regard or treat with reverence | 135 | |
| 6649557795 | VERACITY | correctness or accuracy | 136 | |
| 6649557796 | FORTUITOUS | happening or produced by chance; accidental; lucky | 137 | |
| 6649557797 | DEFUNCT | ceased to exist or live | 138 | |
| 6649557798 | INCENDIARY | 1. capable of arousing strife, sedition 2. causing fire | 139 | |
| 6649557799 | PENSIVE | wistfully thoughtful, usually marked by sadness | 140 | |
| 6649557800 | COLLOQUIAL | appropriate to ordinary or familiar conversation rather than formal speech or writing | 141 | |
| 6649557801 | COLLUSION | a secret agreement between two parties to appear as adversaries as a way to defraud a third party | 142 | |
| 6649557802 | CLANDESTINE | characterized by or done in secrecy for the purpose of deception | 143 | |
| 6649557803 | SURREPTITIOUS | done by stealth; secret actions | 144 | |
| 6649557804 | PERFUNCTORY | performed merely as a routine; going through the motions only | 145 | |
| 6649557805 | MYOPIC | narrow-minded; lack of foresight | 146 | |
| 6649557806 | COMPLACENT | self-satisfied; pleased without awareness of some potential danger or defect | 147 | |
| 6649557807 | VOLATILE | tending or threatening to break out into open violence; explosive | 148 | |
| 6649557808 | ENDEMIC | regularly found among a particular people or in a certain area | 149 | |
| 6649557809 | GERMANE | closely or significantly related; relevant | 150 | |
| 6649557810 | EFFACE | to rub out; erase; to make inconspicuous | 151 | |
| 6649557811 | EFFUSIVE | unduly demonstrative; pouring out; overflowing | 152 | |
| 6649557812 | LACONIC | expressing much in few words; concise | 153 | |
| 6649557813 | VERBOSE | using many or too many words | 154 | |
| 6649557814 | COGENT | convincing or believable by virtue of clear or incisive presentation | 155 | |
| 6649557815 | GRATUITOUS | free; being without apparent reason, cause or justification | 156 | |
| 6649557816 | ELUCIDATE | to make clear; explain | 157 | |
| 6649557817 | VOLITION | a choice or decision made by one's own will | 158 | |
| 6649557818 | PROXIMITY | the property of being close together | 159 | |
| 6649557819 | HACKNEYED | commonplace; the constant use of a phrase or word which dulls its significance or force | 160 | |
| 6649557820 | DESPOTISM | the rule of someone with absolute authority, power, and control; tyranny | 161 | |
| 6649557821 | RECTITUDE | rightness of principle or conduct; moral virtue | 162 | |
| 6649557822 | NASCENT | beginning to exist or develop | 163 | |
| 6649557823 | IMPETUS | stimulus; the force that sets something in motion | 164 | |
| 6649557824 | ENGENDER | to produce, cause, or give rise to | 165 | |
| 6649557825 | VICISSITUDE | a change or variation occurring in the course of something (vicissitude of fortune, vicissitude of seasons) | 166 | |
| 6649557826 | RENEGE | fail to fulfill a promise or obligation | 167 | |
| 6649557827 | PROLIFERATE | to grow or produce by multiplication of parts (cell division); spread rapidly | 168 | |
| 6649557828 | ENERVATE | to weaken; deprive of force or strength | 169 | |
| 6649557829 | LANGUID | lacking spirit or liveliness | 170 | |
| 6649557830 | COMMENSURATE | corresponding in size or degree or extent | 171 | |
| 6649557831 | NOVICE | someone new to a field or activity | 172 | |
| 6649557832 | DILETTANTE | a person who takes up an art, activity, or subject merely for amusement in a superficial way | 173 | |
| 6649557833 | SORDID | morally base; vile; dirty or filthy | 174 | |
| 6649557834 | EXIGENCY | a case or situation that demands prompt action or remedy | 175 | |
| 6649557835 | ARDUOUS | requiring great exertion; full of hardships | 176 | |
| 6649557836 | APATHETIC | having or showing little or no emotion | 177 | |
| 6649557837 | MINUTIAE | precise details; trifling matters | 178 | |
| 6649557838 | PURCHASE | a firm foothold, grasp etc, as for climbing or levering something | 179 | |
| 6649557839 | EFFICACY | capacity for producing a desired result | 180 | |
| 6649557840 | CAPRICIOUS | subject to, led by a sudden, odd notion or unpredictable change; erratic | 181 | |
| 6649557841 | SUPPOSITION | an idea or theory believed to be true without proof. | 182 | |
| 6649557842 | CONJECTURE | an un-testable proposition | 183 | |
| 6649557843 | DIATRIBE | a bitter, sharply abusive denunciation, attack, or criticism | 184 | |
| 6649557844 | ABSTRUSE | hard to understand because of extreme complexity or abstractness as well as being esoteric | 185 | |
| 6649557845 | INSATIABLE | impossible to satisfy | 186 | |
| 6649557846 | VORACIOUS | exceedingly eager or avid (readers, collectors, etc.) | 187 | |
| 6649557847 | IMPERVIOUS | 1. not permitting passage; impenetrable 2. incapable of being injured, influenced, or affected | 188 | |
| 6649557848 | CAMARADERIE | good-fellowship | 189 | |
| 6649557849 | ACUITY | sharpness; keenness (vision, mind, etc.) | 190 | |
| 6649557850 | OBTUSE | not quick or alert in perception or intellect; dull | 191 | |
| 6649557851 | FLOUT | to scoff at, mock, scorn | 192 | |
| 6649557852 | TOUT | to describe or advertise boastfully; praise extravagantly | 193 | |
| 6649557853 | MORASS | a soft wet area of low-lying land that sinks underfoot (usually used figuratively) | 194 | |
| 6649557854 | EPITOMIZE | serve as a typical example of | 195 | |
| 6649557855 | PARAGON | a model of pattern of excellence; the ideal standard | 196 | |
| 6649557856 | VACILLATE | to waver in mind or opinion | 197 | |
| 6649557857 | WINDFALL | a sudden good fortune (as a sudden opportunity to make money) | 198 | |
| 6649557858 | VANGUARD | the front part of an army; the forefront in any movement, field, activity | 199 | |
| 6649557859 | ALLITERATION | repetition of the same sound within nearby words; most often, repeated initial consonants | 200 | |
| 6649557860 | APOSTROPHE | addresses an abstraction, an inanimate object, or to the someone not present | 201 | |
| 6649557861 | HYPERBOLE | exaggeration for effect | 202 | |
| 6649557862 | MEIOSIS | understatement for effect | 203 | |
| 6649557863 | LITOTES | making an affirmative point by denying its opposite | 204 | |
| 6649557864 | PERSONIFICATION | giving human characteristics to non-human things | 205 | |
| 6649557865 | IRONY (verbal and situational) | reversal of expectations or speaking in such a way as to imply the contrary of what one says | 206 | |
| 6649557866 | SARCASM | a mocking or derogatory statement, usually ironic, directed and intended to hurt another person | 207 | |
| 6649557867 | SATIRE | literary genre that uses irony, wit and sometimes sarcasm to expose humanity's vices and foibles, giving impetus to change or reform through ridicule | 208 | |
| 6649557868 | SIMILE | comparing two distinct things by using connective words such as like or as | 209 | |
| 6649557869 | METAPHOR | identify one object or idea with another in one or more aspects via representation or substitution | 210 | |
| 6649557870 | METONYMY | substituting the word in mind with an object closely related to it (White House for President) | 211 | |
| 6649557871 | SYNECDOCHE | a part of something is used to represent the whole of something (all hands on deck) | 212 | |
| 6649557872 | ANAPHORA | repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences | 213 | |
| 6649557873 | ANTIMETABOLE | repetition of words in successive clauses in reverse grammatical order (similar to chiasmus) | 214 | |
| 6649557874 | ANTITHESIS | balancing contrasting terms against each other for emphasis | 215 | |
| 6649557875 | ZEUGMA | one word is used to mean two different things simultaneously | 216 | |
| 6649557876 | ANASTROPHE | reversal of word order to make a point | 217 | |
| 6649557877 | ANTECEDENT | the original noun, noun phrase or clause referred to later in the text by other means (pronouns, metaphors, etc.) | 218 | |
| 6649557878 | APPOSITIVE | a noun or noun phrase that further describes a nearby noun or pronoun | 219 | |
| 6649557879 | PHRASE | group of words without a verb (always dependent on other words to make a complete sentence) | 220 | |
| 6649557880 | CLAUSE | group of words with a verb (independent clauses are complete sentences; dependent clause require an independent clause to make a complete sentence) | 221 | |
| 6649557881 | SIMPLE SENTENCE | sentence containing one independent clause | 222 | |
| 6649557882 | COMPOUND SENTENCE | sentence containing multiple independent clauses | 223 | |
| 6649557883 | COMPLEX SENTENCE | sentence containing at least one independent and at least one dependent clause | 224 | |
| 6649557884 | FRAGMENT | incomplete sentence (can be effective depending on the purpose) | 225 | |
| 6649557885 | SUBORDINATION | the use of a conjunction to make the meaning of one clause dependent on another clause | 226 | |
| 6649557886 | PASSIVE VOICE | when the object of the verb is the subject of the sentence. (The homework is read by Sam.) | 227 | |
| 6649557887 | ACTIVE VOICE | when the subject is doing the action. (Sam reads the homework.) | 228 |
AP World History Vocab Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 8704096829 | Akbar | Son and successor of Humayan, oversaw building of military and administrative systems that became typical. of Mughal rule in India; pursued policy of cooperation with Hindu princes; attempted to create new religion to bind Muslim and Hindu populations of India | 0 | |
| 8704123839 | Aurangzeb | Mughal emperor who reversed his predecessors policies of religious tolerance and tried making Islam permanent | 1 | |
| 8704134712 | Ottoman Empire | Turkic people who advanced from strongholds in Asia Minor during 1350s, conquered large parts of Balkans; unified under Mehmed 1; captured Constantinople in 1453; established empire from Balkans that included most Arab world | 2 | |
| 8704167176 | Yasak | Tribute that Russian leaders demanded from the Siberian natives; usually in the form of furs | 3 | |
| 8704210245 | Siberia | A vast territory that is now central and eastern Russia. It is unsuited for agriculture but rich in minerals and fur bearing animals | 4 | |
| 8704229274 | Settler colonies | Colonies in which people settled in large numbers instead of small numbers to exploit the land. For example: the British and North America | 5 | |
| 8704253682 | Qing Dynasty | 6 |
AP World History Unit 3 600-1450 - Part I Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 8617148688 | Silk Roads | the most famous of the trading routes established by pastoral nomads connecting the European, Indian, and Chinese; transmitted goods and ideas among civilizations | 0 | |
| 8617148689 | Black Death | The common name for a major outbreak of plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, carrying off vast numbers of persons. | 1 | |
| 8617148690 | Indian Ocean trading network | The world's largest sea-based system of comunication and exchange before 1500 C.E., Indian Ocean commerce stretched from southern China to eastern Africa and included not only the exchange of luxury and bulk goods but also the exchange of ideas and crops. |  | 2 |
| 8617148692 | Borobrodur | Buddhist temple on the island of Java that is a primary example of Indian ocean trade causing cultural diffusion. | 3 | |
| 8617148693 | Angkor Wat | This place was first a Hindu (dedicated to the god Vishnu), then subsequently a Buddhist, temple complex in Cambodia and the largest religious monument in the world. |  | 4 |
| 8617148694 | Swahili civilization | an East African civilization that emerged in the 8th century ce from a blending of Bantu, Islamic, and other Indian Ocean trade elements |  | 5 |
| 8617148695 | Great Zimbabwe | City, now in ruins (in the modern African country of Zimbabwe), whose many stone structures were built between about 1250 and 1450, when it was a trading center and the capital of a large state. | 6 | |
| 8617148696 | Sand roads | The system of roads that led across the Sahara desert in Africa. |  | 7 |
| 8617148697 | Ghana, Mali, Songhay | Capitalizing on these new saharan trades Ghana mali and Songhay monarchies were established trading gold for salt and slaves |  | 8 |
| 8617148698 | Trans-Saharan slave trade | A fairly small-scale trade that developed in the twelfth century C.E., exporting West African slaves captured in raids across the Sahara for sale mostly as household servants in Islamic North Africa; the difficulty of travel across the desert limited the scope of this trade. | 9 | |
| 8617148707 | tribute system | Chinese method of dealing with foreign lands and people's that assumed the subordination of all non-Chinese authorities and required the payment of tribute --produce of value from their countries--to the Chinese emperor(although the Chines gifts given in return were often much more valuable). | 10 | |
| 8617148718 | Quran | The holy book of Islam | 11 | |
| 8617148719 | umma | The community of all Muslims. A major innovation against the background of seventh-century Arabia, where traditionally kinship rather than faith had determined membership in a community. | 12 | |
| 8617148720 | Pillars of Islam | The five core practices required of Muslims: a profession of faith, regular prayer, charitable giving, fasting during Ramadan, and a pilgrimage to Mecca (if physically and financially possible). | 13 | |
| 8617148721 | hijra | The Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in A.D. 622, marking the founding of Islam |  | 14 |
| 8617148722 | sharia | Body of Islamic law that includes interpretation of the Quran and applies Islamic principles to everyday life | 15 | |
| 8617148723 | jizya | tax paid by Christians and Jews who lived in Muslim communities to allow them to continue to practice their own religion | 16 | |
| 8617148724 | ulama | Muslim religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies. | 17 | |
| 8617148725 | Umayyad Caliphate | (661-750 CE) The Islamic caliphate that established a capital at Damascus, conquered North Africa, the Iberian Pennisula, Southwest Asia, and Persia, and had a bureaucracy with only Arab Muslims able to be a part of it. |  | 18 |
| 8617148726 | Abbasid Caliphate | (750-1258 CE) The caliphate, after the Umayyads, who focused more on administration than conquering. Had a bureaucracy that any Mulim could be a part of. |  | 19 |
| 8617148727 | Sufism | A branch of Islam, defined by adherents as the inner, mystical dimension of Islam; others contend that it is a perennial philosophy of existence that pre-dates religion, the expression of which flowered within Islam |  | 20 |
| 8617148728 | al-Ghazali | Brilliant Islamic theologian; struggled to fuse Greek and Qur'anic traditions; not entirely accepted by ulama | 21 | |
| 8617148729 | Sikhism | the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam | 22 | |
| 8617148730 | Ibn Battuta | (1304-1369) Morrocan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. His writings gave a glimpse into the world of that time period. |  | 23 |
| 8617148731 | Timbuktu | Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning |  | 24 |
| 8617148732 | Mansa Musa | Ruler of Mali (r. 1312-1337). His extravagant pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca in 1324-1325 established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world. |  | 25 |
| 8617148733 | al-Anadalus | Muslim kingdom in southern Spain, established in 756 | 26 | |
| 8617148734 | madrassas | Formal colleges for higher institutions in the teaching of Islam as well as in secular subjects founded throughout the Islamic world in beginning in the 11th century | 27 | |
| 8617148735 | House of Wisdom | Combination library, academy, and translation center in Baghdad established in the 800s. |  | 28 |
| 8617148736 | Ibn Sinna | He was one of the most famous doctors of all times. He read the works of Hippocrates and Galen and improved them, by adding more accurate descriptions. He also created anatomical charts using newly invented surgical tools. His text "Cannon of Medicine" (aka "Code of Laws in Medicine") was reference source for doctors for hundreds of years following his death. | 29 | |
| 8617148737 | Nubian Christianity | Christianity was introduced by traders and missionaries. Preserved Christianity for 600 years. | 30 | |
| 8617148738 | Nestorian | Theological position of Nestorius, who allegedly taught that there are two complete natures and thus two persons, human and divine, in Jesus Christ; rejected by the Council of Ephesus (431), which taught that human nature and divine nature are united in the one person of Christ. | 31 | |
| 8617148739 | Ethiopian Christianity (aka Coptic church) | Rulers of axum had adopted Christianity. Christian island in a Muslim sea protected by its moutanous geography and distance from major centers of islamic power. Also helped muhammad's followers be safe. This isolation made it develop a fascination with judaism and jerusalem. Justified their rule through a connection with Solomon as a descendent of jesus. Tried to create a new jerusalem |  | 32 |
| 8617148740 | Byzantine Empire | (330-1453) The eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived after the fall of the Western Empire at the end of the 5th century C.E. Its capital was Constantinople, named after the Emperor Constantine. |  | 33 |
| 8617148741 | Constantinople | A large and wealthy city that was the imperial capital of the Byzantine empire and later the Ottoman empire, now known as Istanbul | 34 | |
| 8617148742 | Justinian | Byzantine emperor in the 6th century A.D. who reconquered much of the territory previously ruler by Rome, initiated an ambitious building program , including Hagia Sofia, as well as a new legal code |  | 35 |
| 8617148743 | caesarpapism | a political-religious system where the secular ruler is also the head of the religious establishment (Byzantine Empire) | 36 | |
| 8617148744 | Eastern Orthodox Christianity | Eastern branch of Christianity that evolved following the division of the Roman Empire and the subsequent development of the Byzantine Empire in the east and the medieval European society in the west. The church recognized the primacy of the patriarch of Constantinople | 37 | |
| 8617148745 | icons | A painting of Christ or another holy figure, used as an aid to devotion in the Byzantine and other Eastern Churches. | 38 | |
| 8617148746 | Prince Vladimir of Kiev | converted to Orthodox Christianity, and allowed Byzantine influence in his realm | 39 | |
| 8617148747 | Kievan Rus | A monarchy established in present day Russia in the 6th and 7th centuries. It was ruled through loosely organized alliances with regional aristocrats from. The Scandinavians coined the term "Russia". It was greatly influenced by Byzantine | 40 | |
| 8617148748 | Charlemagne | King of the Franks (r. 768-814); emperor (r. 800-814). Through a series of military conquests he established the Carolingian Empire, which encompassed all of Gaul and parts of Germany and Italy. Illiterate, though started an intellectual revival. | 41 | |
| 8617148749 | Holy Roman Empire | A medieval and early modern central European Germanic empire, which often consisted of hundreds of separate Germanic and Northern Italian states. In reality it was so decentralized that it played a role in perpetuating the fragmentation of central Europe. | 42 | |
| 8617148750 | Roman Catholic church | One of three major branches of Christianity, together with the Eastern Orthodox Church, a second of the three major divisions of Christianity, arose out of the division of the Roman empire into four governmental regions. In 1054 CE Christianity was divided along that same line when the Eastern Orthodox, centered in Constantinople, and the ______ ______ ______, centered in Rome, split. | 43 | |
| 8617148751 | Western Christendom | Western Europe was on the margins of world history for most of the postclassical millennium; It was far removed from the growing world trade routes; European geography made political unity difficult; Coastlines and river systems facilitated internal exchange; | 44 | |
| 8617148752 | Cecilia Penifader | The book "A Medieval Life" by Judith Bennett is written about her. She lived from 1295-1344. Cecilia was a peasant, and her actions were exceptionally well documented in the courts of Brigstock. She amassed a substantial amount of wealth and land. Unmarried and childless, she lived as a singlewoman in Brigstock and remained close to her brothers and sisters throughout her life. | 45 | |
| 8617148753 | Crusades | Armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land by Christians determined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule. The Crusades brought an end to western Europe's centuries of intellectual and cultural isolation. |  | 46 |
| 8617148754 | pastoralism | A type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter. | 47 | |
| 8617148755 | Modun | leader of the Xiongnu Empires (r. 210-174 BCE) that transformed egalitarian fragmented societies into a more centralized and hierarchical political system with a divinely sanctioned ruler. | 48 | |
| 8617148756 | Turks | 6th-10th centuries C.E. •Pastoral ethnic group that originated in northern Eurasia and spread into Central Asia and the Middle East •Had significant cultural and political interactions with China, Persia, Byzantium •Conversion to Islam 10th-14th centuries •Diffused Islam throughout Middle East, India, Anatolia(Turkey) | 49 | |
| 8617148757 | Almoravid Empire | Founded in the 11th century by Muslim reformers. Its members came from a Berber group living in the western Sahara in what is today Mauritania. The movement began after devout Berber Muslims made a hajj. | 50 | |
| 8617148758 | Temujin | leader of the largest Mongol clans; he unites them all(plans to conquer Asia); and receives title Genghis Khan(universal ruler) | 51 | |
| 8617148759 | the Mongol world | Eurasia, 13th-15th centuries •50-year period of Mongol conquests across Eurasia that created the Mongol empire •Subjected huge populations to Mongol rule •Military strength allowed for rapid conquest •Mongol rule created interactions between diverse groups •Served to diffuse technology, culture, political and economic systems |  | 52 |
| 8617148760 | Yuan Dynasty | (1279-1368 CE) The dynasty with Mongol rule in China; centralized with bureaucracy but structure is different: Mongols on top->Persian bureaucrats->Chinese bureuacrats. | 53 | |
| 8617148761 | Kublai Khan | (1215-1294) Grandson of Genghis Khan and founder of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China. | 54 | |
| 8617148762 | Hulegu | Ruler of the Ilkhan khanate; grandson of Chinggis Khan; responsible for capture and destruction of Baghdad in 1257 | 55 | |
| 8617148763 | Khutulun | most famous daughter of Kaidu and the niece of Kublai Khan. Her father was most pleased by her abilities, and she accompanied him on military campaigns. Never married because no man could defeat her. wrestler princes | 56 | |
| 8617148764 | Kipchak Khanate | Name given to Russia by the Mongols after they conquered it and incorporated it into the Mongol Empire in the mid-thirteenth century; known to Russians as the "Khanate of the Golden Horde." |  | 57 |
| 8617148765 | Paleolithic Persistence | pre-1492 life in much of the Americas(especially North America); characterized by living a simple primitive lifestyle, without entering into large settlements or the iron age | 58 | |
| 8617148766 | Igbo | Nigeria's third largest group who are mostly Christian. They are located in the southeast part of Nigeria. This group has many conflicts with the Yoruba and at one point they tried to become a independent nation. | 59 | |
| 8617148769 | Fulbe | West Africa's largest pastoral society, whose members gradually adopted Islam and took on a religious leadership role that lead to the creation of a number of new states. | 60 | |
| 8617148773 | Ottoman Empire | Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire, the Ottoman Empire was based at Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) from 1453-1922. It encompassed lands in the Middle East, North Africa, the Caucasus, and eastern Europe. |  | 61 |
| 8617148774 | seizure of Constantinople | Constantinople fell to army of Ottoman sultan Mehmed II "the Conqueror" in 1453, marking end of Christian Byzantium | 62 | |
| 8617148775 | Safavid Empire | Turkish-ruled Iranian kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi'ite state. |  | 63 |
| 8617148776 | Songhay Empire | A state located in western Africa. From the early 15th to the late 16th century, it was one of the largest Islamic empires in history. | 64 | |
| 8617148777 | Mughal Empire | Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; a minority of Muslims ruled over a majority of Hindus. | 65 | |
| 8617148778 | Malacca | Port city in the modern Southeast Asian country of Malaysia, founded about 1400 as a trading center on the Strait of Malacca. Also spelled Melaka. |  | 66 |
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