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AP World History Quizzes Flashcards

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6040009419CHAP 1 The term prehistory refers to the period before a. 1000 B.C.E. b. the first hominid. c. writing. d. the appearance of Homo sapiens.c. writing0
6040009420CHAP 1 From the period four million to one million years ago, which of the following flourished in east Africa? a. Homo sapiens b. Australopithecus c. Neandertal peoples d. Homo erectusb. Australopithecus1
6040009421CHAP 1 The most important development of Homo erectus was a. writing. b. fire. c. stone tools. d. their communication skills.d. their communication skills.2
6040009422CHAP 1 Homo sapiens used superior knowledge, sophisticated tools, and language to a. build cities. b. communicate limited ideas to each other. c. exploit the natural world more efficiently than any other species. d. make tools and fire.c. exploit the natural world more efficiently than any other species.3
6040009423CHAP 1 Which of the following statements is TRUE of the inhabitants of the Paleolithic Age? a. They domesticated animals. b. They were hunters and gatherers. c. They had discovered agriculture. d. They had mastered working with iron.b. They were hunters and gatherers.4
6040009424CHAP 1 Most scholars believe that, during the Paleolithic Age, social organization was characterized by a. a dominant matriarchal structure. b. a relative social equality. c. a ruling priestly class. d. a ruling merchant class.b. a relative social equality.5
6040009425CHAP 1 It is believed that early human cave paintings, like the one on the left, represented a. a variety of sympathetic magic. b. the first conscious development of art for its own sake. c. positive proof of the limited intellectual world of the early human. d. early worship of the forces of evil.a. a variety of sympathetic magic.6
6040009426CHAP 1 What do the archaeologists now believe is the most fundamental difference between the Neolithic and Paleolithic eras? a. use of tools b. reliance on agriculture for subsistence c. reliance on foraging for subsistence d. artistryb. reliance on agriculture for subsistence7
6040009427CHAP 1 Catal Huyuk is significant because a. it marks the first human use of tools. b. it was the site of the first human agriculture. c. it is one of the best known Neolithic settlements. d. it marks the beginning of human civilization.c. it is one of the best known Neolithic settlements.8
6040009428CHAP 1 The earliest of the three Neolithic craft industries was a. metallurgy. b. textile production. c. pottery. d. carpet weaving.c. pottery.9
6040009429CHAP 1 The ultimate source of wealth in any agricultural society is a. copper. b. land. c. the accumulation of weapons. d. gold.b. land.10
6040009430CHAP 1 The belief that Neolithic religious thought clearly reflected the natural world of early agricultural society is based on observation of a. cave paintings. b. religious texts. c. representations of gods and goddesses. d. fossils.c. representations of gods and goddesses.11
6040009431CHAP 1 The earliest metal worked systematically by humans was a. iron. b. copper. c. tin. d. bronze.b. copper.12
6040009432CHAP 1 The map shows a. the global spread of wheat as a result of human migration. b. the independent development of agriculture in both the eastern and western hemispheres. c. the migrations of Australopithecus out of Africa. d. the cultural development of early societies of the Paleolithic Age.b. the independent development of agriculture in both the eastern and western hemispheres.13
6040009433CHAP 1 Cities differed from Neolithic villages in two principal ways. First, cities were larger and more complex than Neolithic villages. The second difference was that a. cities had populations in the thousands. b. cities served the needs of their inhabitants and immediate neighbors. c. cities were less advanced militarily. d. cities decisively influenced the economic, political, and cultural life of large regions.d. cities decisively influenced the economic, political, and cultural life of large regions.14
6040009434CHAP 2 Gilgamesh was associated with what city? a. Jerusalem. b. Kish. c. Uruk. d. Lagash.c. Uruk.15
6040009435CHAP 2 The word Mesopotamia means a. "the blood of Gilgamesh." b. the "pure land." c. "the land between the rivers." d. "wedge-shaped."c. "the land between the rivers."16
6040009436CHAP 2 Which of the following is NOT a Semitic language? a. Sumerian b. Hebrew c. Phoenician d. Aramaica. Sumerian17
6040009437CHAP 2 The first complex society was developed in the southern Mesopotamian land of a. Akkad. b. Babylonia. c. Palestine. d. Sumer.d. Sumer.18
6040009438CHAP 2 The Mesopotamian stepped pyramid at the right is known as a a. lex talionis. b. ziggurat. c. eridu. d. lugal.b. ziggurat.19
6040009439CHAP 2 After 3000 BCE all Sumerian cities were ruled by what form of government? a. monarchy b. military governors c. dictators d. assemblies of citizensa. monarchy20
6040009440CHAP 2 The creator of the first empire in Mesopotamia was a. Gilgamesh. b. Hammurabi. c. Moses. d. Sargon of Akkad.d. Sargon of Akkad.21
6040009441CHAP 2 While Hammurabi's code was based on the concept of lex talionis, it was also shaped by a. the religion of the victim. b. social standing. c. the will of the Mesopotamian gods as expressed by the priestly class. d. the language spoken by the accused perpetrator.b. social standing.22
6040009442CHAP 2 The Babylonians eventually fell in 1595 BCE to the a. Akkadians. b. Egyptians. c. Hittites. d. Sumerians.c. Hittites.23
6040009443CHAP 2 The later Mesopotamian people who built a large empire based on a powerful army with iron weapons and who made extensive use of terror were the a. Hyksos. b. Assyrians. c. Hebrews. d. Hittites.b. Assyrians.24
6040009444CHAP 2 Mesopotamian metalworkers discovered that if they alloyed copper and tin they could produce a. bronze. b. obsidian. c. steel. d. iron.a. bronze.25
6040009445CHAP 2 Iron metallurgy came to Mesopotamia from the a. Egyptians. b. Hebrews. c. Hittites. d. Phoenicians.c. Hittites.26
6040009446CHAP 2 The first people in the world to use wheeled vehicles were the a. Assyrians. b. Egyptians. c. Phoenicians. d. Sumerians.d. Sumerians.27
6040009447CHAP 2 Evidence shows that the people of Mesopotamia a. traded extensively until the time of the Assyrians, when trade dropped to nothing. b. traded extensively with peoples as far away as Anatolia, Egypt, and India. c. lived an isolated existence and did not trade. d. traded exclusively with the Egyptians.b. traded extensively with peoples as far away as Anatolia, Egypt, and India.28
6040009448CHAP 2 In Mesopotamia, prisoners of war, convicted criminals, and heavily indebted individuals were the three main sources for a. mercenary soldiers. b. dependent clients. c. indentured servants. d. slaves.d. slaves.29
6040009449CHAP 2 Hebrew monotheism has its origins with a. Moses. b. Joseph. c. Solomon. d. Abraham.a. Moses.30
6040009450CHAP 2 The first simplified alphabet at the right, containing only twenty-two letters, was created by the a. Phoenicians. b. Assyrians. c. Hebrews. d. Mesopotamians.a. Phoenicians.31
6040009451CHAP 2 Mesopotamia developed into a. a strict patriarchal society. b. a society where the sexes enjoyed relative equality. c. a society with few social distinctions. d. a predominantly matriarchal society.a. a strict patriatchal society.32
6040009452CHAP 2 Conditions for women in Mesopotamia a. improved dramatically when women were allowed to do away with the veil. b. increased dramatically over the centuries. c. reached their high point during the time of the Assyrians. d. grew increasingly worse over time.d. grew increasingly worse over time.33
6040009453CHAP 2 The most influential ancient Indo-European migrants into southwest Asia were the a. Aryans. b. Hebrews. c. Hittites. d. Assyrians.c. Hittites.34
6040009454CHAP 3 Which of the following societies began the custom of embalming to preserve the body for its life after death? a. India b. Mesopotamia c. Egypt d. Persiac. Egypt35
6040009455CHAP 3 The Greek historian Herodotus used the phrase "the gift of the _____" to describe Egypt. a. Indus b. Huang He c. Tigris d. Niled. Nile36
6040009456CHAP 3 The earliest Egyptian and Nubian states were a. small kingdoms. b. city-states. c. centralized empires. d. trading networks.a. small kingdoms.37
6040009457CHAP 3 Egypt was united around 3100 BCE by the conqueror a. Khufu. b. Menes. c. Sargon of Akkad. d. Hatshepsut.b. Menes.38
6040009458CHAP 3 The largest Egyptian pyramids were built during the a. Old Kingdom. b. Middle Kingdom c. New Kingdom. d. Archaic Period.a. Old Kingdom39
6040009459CHAP 3 The capital of the kingdom of Kush was a. Harappa. b. Axum. c. Memphis. d. Kerma.d. Kerma.40
6040009460CHAP 3 Pharaohs in the New Kingdom were a. sacrificed at age thirty-two to insure a bountiful harvest. b. more vigorous in their attempts to extend Egyptian authority beyond the Nile valley and delta. c. set on the throne by the Roman emperor Julius Caesar. d. descended from a line of Babylonian kings.b. more vigorous in their attempts to extend Egyptian authority beyond the Nile valley and delta.41
6040009461CHAP 3 Around 3100BCE, the conqueror Menes founded ______, a city that would serve as the capital for early Egypt. a. Heliopolis b. Thebes c. Memphis d. Urukc. Memphis42
6040009462CHAP 3 The Hyksos were a. nomads who eventually settled around the city of Babylon. b. the priestly class in ancient Egypt. c. demons who punished the wicked in the Egyptian underworld. d. external invaders who helped bring about the end of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom.d. external invaders who helped bring about the end of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom.43
6040009463CHAP 3 Horse-drawn chariots and bronze weapons were introduced into Egypt by the a. Babylonians. b. Hyksos. c. Kushites. d. Harappans.b. Hyksos.44
6040009464CHAP 3 The Egyptians were the most imperialistic during the a. First Intermediary Period. b. Archaic Period. c. Old Kingdom. d. New Kingdom.d. New Kingdom.45
6040009465CHAP 3 During the eighth century BCE, Egyptian fell under the control of the _____ for around a century. a. Persians b. Kushites c. Babylonians d. Romansb. Kushites46
6040009466CHAP 3 In the mid-seventh century BCE, Egypt lost its independence and became a part of a. the Persian Empire. b. the Arabic Empire. c. the Assyrian Empire. d. the Roman Empire.c. the Assyrian Empire.47
6040009467CHAP 3 Hatshepsut was a. a woman who ruled Egypt as pharaoh. b. the Hebrew term for their god. c. the first conqueror to unite all of Mesopotamia. d. a Mesopotamian king of the gods.a. a woman who ruled Egypt as pharaoh.48
6040009468CHAP 3 In Africa, iron metallurgy a. was introduced by Persian merchants. b. arose independently. c. did not appear until after the rise of trans-Saharan trade. d. was imported into the continent by trade with the Mesopotamians.b. arose independently.49
6040009469CHAP 3 The Egyptians traded through the Red Sea with a land they called Punt, which was probably a. modern-day Somalia. b. Sri Lanka. c. Harappan India. d. Assyria.a. modern-day Somalia.50
6040009470CHAP 3 The Greek words meaning "holy inscriptions" or "sacred carvings" refers to a. the Old Testament. b. cuneiform. c. hieroglyphs. d. the Coptic script.c. hieroglyphs.51
6040009471CHAP 3 Meroitic writing a. has now been completely translated. b. expressed the general Egyptian optimism with life. c. was introduced into India by the Indo-Europeans. d. was a Nubian script that borrowed Egyptian hieroglyphs.d. was a Nubian script that borrowed Egyptian hieroglyphs.52
6040009472CHAP 3 The Bantu originally came from around a. modern-day Nigeria. b. the Swahili area. c. far southern Africa. d. modern-day Algeria.a. modern-day Nigeria.53
6040009473CHAP 3 The Bantu probably began their migrations because of a. invasions from the Mediterranean basin. b. population pressures. c. the threat of epidemic disease. d. a conscious desire for conquest.b. population pressures.54
6040009474CHAP 4 Our understanding of Harappan society depends entirely on a. written records uncovered in Harappa and other Dravidian cities. b. archaeological discoveries of Harappan physical remains below the water table. c. archeological discoveries of Harappan physical remains above the water table. d. the Vedas and the Upanishads.c. archaeological discoveries of Harappan physical remains above the water table.55
6040009475CHAP 4 The inhabitants of Harappan society enjoyed a rich variety of diet. Their food included a. wheat, barley, chicken, cattle, sheep, goats. b. soybeans, sorghum, rice, pigs, fish. c. sweet potatoes, tomatoes, maize, cacao beans. d. millet, yams, legumes, no meat.a. wheat, barley, chicken, cattle, sheep, goats.56
6040009476CHAP 4 In the sites of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, archaeologists have found a high degree of standardizations of weights, measures, architectural styles, and even brick sizes. Such standardization may suggest that a. the Harappan state was very oppressive, forcing different racial groups to adopt the same standards. b. there might have been a central authority powerful enough to reach all corners of society. c. there was a high degree of commercialization in the economy. d. these cultures actually migrated from Mesopotamia.b. there might have been a central authority powerful enough to reach all corners of society.57
6040009477CHAP 4 Archaeologists claim that there were sharp social distinctions in Harappan society, which can be illustrated by the people's a. gold, gems, and decorative items. b. bathrooms, showers, and toilets. c. foods, clothes, and hairstyles. d. houses, ovens, and wells.b. bathrooms, showers, and toilets.58
6040009478CHAP 4 Harappan religion reflected a strong concern for fertility. We know this because a. it was very common for the peoples in other early agricultural societies to honor fertility gods of goddesses. b. the bronze figurine of a dancing girl discovered at Mohenjo-daro reveals this point. c. of the similarities between the images of Harappan deities and the images of Hindu fertility deities. d. there is written documentation to support it.c. of the similarities between the images of Harappan deities and the images of Hindu fertility deities.59
6040009479CHAP 4 By about 1700 BCE, the residents of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro began to abandon their cities because a. frequent epidemics made city living impossible. b. deforestation of the Indus River valley brought about ecological degradation. c. the horse-riding Aryans began to invade the cities. d. the Indus River dried up.b. deforestation of the Indus River valley brought about ecological degradation.60
6040009480CHAP 4Evidence relating to trade indicates that Harappan India a. was isolated and did not trade. b. traded with the Mesopotamians. c. imported substantially more than they exported. d. traded exclusively with China.b. traded with the Mesopotamians.61
6040009481CHAP 4 Which of the following is NOT true about the Indo-Europeans who migrated the the Indian subcontinent? a. they were primarily farmers b. they utilized horses for transportation c. they judged wealth by the number of cattle d. they called themselves Aryans.d. they called themselves Aryans.62
6040009482CHAP 4 The period of Indian history from 1500 to 500 BCE is called the Vedic Age. It is so called because a. this was how the Aryans referred to this period. b. the four earliest religious texts were compiled in this period. c. this was the period in which the Indians were particularly religious. d. the major god was Vedas.b. the four earliest religious texts were compiled in this period.63
6040009483CHAP 4 The Aryans' term for their four original castes was a. jati. b. brahmans. c. varnas. d. shudras.c. varnas.64
6040009484CHAP 4 The Indian caste system a. was a central institution that served to promote social stability. b. was incapable of accommodating social changes. c. was actually not much of a restriction on the upward mobility of individuals. d. did not persist beyond the Vedic age.a. was a central institution that served to promote social stability.65
6040009485CHAP 4 One of the hymns in the Rig Veda offered a brief account of the origins of the four varnas (castes). It was said that a. the four castes were created according to the wills of Indra and Agni (the god of fire). b. Purusha, a primeval being, sacrificed himself in order to create the four castes. c. the brahman priests created the four castes with themselves at the top. d. the four castes emanated from the four parts of Purusha when the gods sacrificed him.a. the four castes were created according to the wills of Indra and Agni (the god of fire).66
6040009486CHAP 4 When a Hindu widow voluntarily threw herself on her dead husband's funeral pyre it was known as a. jati. b. manu. c. samsara. d. sati.d. sati.67
6040009487CHAP 4 Aryan religion during the early Vedic Age was relatively unconcerned with ethics, but concerned itself more with a. ritual sacrifices and the god of war. b. fertility and immortality. c. spirituality and meditation. d. building religious buildings.a. ritual sacrifices and the god of war.68
6040009488CHAP 4 The Upanishads can be best characterized as a. the spiritual longing of the Aryans. b. the further development of the religious tradition of the Dravidians. c. a how-to book of religious ritual. d. the blending of Aryan and Dravidian values.d. the blending of Aryan and Dravidian values.69
6040009489CHAP 4 According to the teachings of the Upanishads, the highest goal of the individual soul was a. to attain the state of samsara. b. to attain the state of moksha. c. to avoid one's karma. d. to separate from Brahman.b. to attain the state of moksha.70
6040009490CHAP 4 The two principal means to achieve the goal of moksha are a. asceticism and meditation. b. righteous battle and conquest. c. artistic expression and logical intellectual progression. d. blood-letting and human sacrifice.a. asceticism and meditation.71
6040009491CHAP 4 The Upanishads were a. the priestly class from the caste system b. a branch of the Indo-Europeans who settled in northern India. c. the untouchables. d. commentaries and reflections on the Vedas.d. commentaries and reflections on the Vedas.72
6040009492CHAP 4 According to the teachings of the Upanishads, an individual should a. be attached to the material world as closely as possible. b. ignore ethical standards, since these standards were not the ultimate reality. c. observe high ethical standards like honesty, self-control, and charity. d. avoid any inclinations to gain self-knowledge.c. observe high ethical standards like honesty, self-control, and charity.73
6040009493CHAP 4 This passage from the Upanishads explains what Hindu concept? "Now as a man is like this or like that, according as he acts and according as he behaves, so will be be: a man of good acts will become good, a man of bad acts, bad." a. dharma b. karma c. varna d. mokshab. karma74
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Biochemistry Flashcards

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3944648125Organic Compoundscontains carbon with hydrogen and other atoms such as Nitrogen, Phosphate and Sulfur0
3944668072Inorganic Compoundsdoesn't contain carbon with hydrogen, or these other elements1
3944680956Ionic Bondscharged atom, between a non-metal and a metal2
3944694919Covalent Bondsshared electrons, between two non-metals3
3944702337OxidationOccurs when oxygen is chemically added to a substance, if a substance loses hydrogen( or electrons)4
3944714409ReductionOccurs when oxygen is removed from a substance, if a substance gains hydrogen( or electrons)5
3944730165PH scaleUsed to measure the strength of an acid or base, dependent on hydrogen ion concentration or hydroxide6
3944756275base/basicthe higher the number, the higher concentration of hydroxide >77
3944769837Bufferschemicals that keep the pH constant by taking up the excess hydrogen ion or hydroxide8
3944798369Polarity and Polar bondsThe shared pair of electrons are not shared evenly. One atom with a higher electronegativity pulls harder then the weakest. With a partial positive and partially negative charge.9
3944825417solventthe liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution.10
4619124519temperature regulatorater enables it to effectively regulate and organism's temperature.11
4619130008amino acidsa simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (—COOH) and an amino (—NH2) group12
4619141134dehydration synthesisthe process of joining two molecules (or compounds) together following the removal of water.13
4619146375hydrolysisthe chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.14
4619150241organic monomersa molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.15
4619152242polymerssubstances whose molecules have high molar masses and are composed of a large number of repeating units16
4619155379ATPa compound consisting of an adenosine molecule bonded to three phosphate groups, present in all living tissue. provides energy17
4619168037DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information18
4619169986Disaccharidea sugar (a carbohydrate) composed of two monosaccharides. It is formed when two sugars are joined together and a molecule of water is removed19
4619171266glucosea simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.20
4619172537glycerolThe fatty acid molecule is a long chain of covalently bonded carbon atoms with nonpolar bonds to hydrogen atoms all along the carbon chain with a carboxyl group attached to one end.21
4619176689hemoglobina red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates. Its molecule comprises four subunits, each containing an iron atom bound to a heme group.22
4619177924monosaccharides(e.g. glucose) and disaccharides (e.g. sucrose) are relatively small molecules. They are often called sugars.23
4619181386neutral fatproduced by the dehydration synthesis of one or more fatty acids with an alcohol like glycerol24
4619185294phospholipidconsist of a glycerol molecule, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group that is modified by an alcohol. The phosphate group is the negatively-charged polar head, which is hydrophilic. The fatty acid chains are the uncharged, nonpolar tails, which are hydrophobic25
4619186898Polysaccharidesa long-chain carbohydrate made up of smaller carbohydrates called monosaccharides that's typically used by our bodies for energy or to help with cellular structure26
4619188288Ribosea sugar of the pentose class that occurs widely in nature as a constituent of nucleosides and several vitamins and enzymes.27
4619188902RNAribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information.28
4619191773Fatty acidsa carboxylic acid consisting of a hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxyl group, especially any of those occurring as esters in fats and oils.29
4619193011Steroidsany of a large class of organic compounds with a characteristic molecular structure containing four rings of carbon atoms30
4635679459Main functions of carbohydratesconsidered to be the main source of energy for cells. Structural help in plants31
4635682359Starch(polysacchride)it's the storage form of glucose in plants, it's an important source of of energy for animals that eat plants, it's a chain of glucose with a few side branches32
4635690121Glycogenit's the storage form of glucose in animal (even humans) \, found in the muscles and liver, long chains of glucose with many side branches33
4635692009Celluloseit's found in plants, where it forms their ridged cell walls, it's not digestible for most animals(including humans), it's a dietary fiber, long chains of glucose alternating between upside down and right side up34
4635701871Nu35
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Biochemistry Flashcards

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5148950300enzymesproteins that speed up or increase rate of chemical reactions in our bodies0
5148956800catalystsubstance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction1
5148963295asemany enzymes end in -_____2
5148967766substratesenzymes bind to molecules called _________ to break them down sometimes they are linked together to form larger molecules3
5148977505shapeeach enzyme only breaks down the substrate that matches its _______ (ex: lactase breaks down lactose)4
5148983504active siteplace where the enzyme and substrate fit together.5
5148985426denaturedif the enzyme's shape changes, then the enzyme is _________ .6
5148994677temperature, pHrate of reaction is best at optimal ______________ and ______.7
5149006143hydrogenmore _________ = more acidic8
5149009750hydroxidemore _________ = more basic9
5149013379bicarbonatebuffers in our blood to maintain pH. Grabs extra hydrogen, raising blood to regular pH10
5152729585ionic bondchemical bond that exchanges elections (IONS)11
5152730573covalent bondchemical bond that shares electrons (MOLECULES)12
5152731673carbonall biomolecules contain ________13
5152732364monomersmallest unit of a substance14
5152732912polymermany monomers linked together to make large structure (i.e. micromolecules)15
5152736760monosaccharidemonomer of carbohydrates16
5152738589quick energyfunction of carbohydrates: provide ______ ________ for the body17
5160636824carbohydratesmade of C₆H₁₂O₆18
5160648928lipidscarbon, hydrogen, oxygen in a nonspecific ratio glycerol backbone, 3 fatty acids19
5160660012saturated fatsfats that are solid at room temperature can clog arteries found in animal products20
5160663043unsaturated fatsfats that are liquid at room temperature plant oils, healthier for heart21
5160666923trans fatsunsaturated fats processed to become saturated fats increase rate of cancer22
5160669622proteinscarbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen23
5160682717amino acidsmonomer of proteins24
5160682744polypeptidespolymers of proteins25
5160688478nucleic acidscarbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus26
5160697606nucleotidemonomer of nucleic acids27
5160700327DNA, RNApolymers of nucleic acids (____, ____)28
5160709110dehydration synthesisA chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded together with the removal of a water molecule.29
5160719419hydrolysisBreaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water30
5164324331peptide bondchemical bond between two molecules when the carboxy group of one molecule reacts with amino group of the other molecule, releasing one molecule of H₂O dehydration synthesis occurs between amino acids31
5171207008Benedict testtests for monosaccharides (simple sugars) turns pink32
5171212430Lugol testtests for polysaccharides (complex sugars) turns dark purple in the presence of starch33
5171218098Biuret testtests for protein turns purple34
5171223215Sudan Red testtests for lipids concentrated spots of color35
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AP US History - US Presidents Flashcards

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7200476283George Washington1789-1797 Federalist Whiskey Rebellion; Judiciary Act; Farewell Address0
7200476284John Adams1797-1801 Federalist XYZ Affair; Alien and Sedition Acts1
7200476285Thomas Jefferson1801-1809 Democratic-Republican Marbury v. Madison; Louisiana Purchase; Embargo of 18072
7200476286James Madison1809-1817 Democratic-Republican War of 1812; First Protective Tariff3
7200476287James Monroe1817-1825 Democratic-Republican Missouri Compromise of 1820; Monroe Doctrine4
7200476288John Quincy Adams1825-1829 Democratic-Republican "Corrupt Bargain"; "Tariff of Abominations"5
7200476289Andrew Jackson1829-1837 Democrat Nullification Crisis; Bank War; Indian Removal Act6
7200476290Martin Van Buren1837-1841 Democrat Trail of Tears; Specie Circular; Panic of 18377
7200476291William Henry Harrison1841 Whig "Tippecanoe and Tyler too!"; First Whig President8
7200476292John Tyler1841-1845 Whig "His Accidency"; Webster-Ashburton Treaty9
7200476293James Polk1845-1849 Democrat Texas annexation; Mexican War10
7200476294Zachary Taylor1849-1850 Whig Mexican War hero and staunch Unionist11
7200476295Millard Fillmore1850-1853 Whig Compromise of 185012
7200476296Franklin Pierce1853-1857 Democrat Kansas-Nebraska Act; Gadsden Purchase13
7200476297James Buchanan1857-1861 Democrat Dred Scott decision; Harpers Ferry raid14
7200476298Abraham Lincoln1861-1865 Republican Secession and Civil War; Emancipation Proclamation15
7200476299Andrew Johnson1865-1869 Democrat 13th and 14th amendments; Radical Reconstruction; Impeachment16
7200476300Ulysses Grant1869-1877 Republican 15th amendment; Panic of 187317
7200476301Rutherford Hayes1877-1881 Republican Compromise of 1877; labor unions and strikes18
7200476302James Garfield1881, Republican Brief resurgence of presidential authority; Increase in American naval power; Purge corruption in the Post Office19
7200476303Chester Arthur1881-1885 Republican Standard Oil trust created Edison lights up New York City20
7200476304Grover Cleveland1885-1889 (1st term), 1893-1897 (2nd term) Democrat Interstate Commerce Act; Dawes Act; Panic of 1893; Pullman Strike21
7200476305Benjamin Harrison1889-1893 Republican Sherman Anti-Trust Act; Closure of the frontier22
7200476306William McKinley1897-1901 Republican Spanish-American War; Open Door policy23
7200476307Theodore Roosevelt1901-1909 Republican Progressivism; Square Deal; Big Stick Diplomacy24
7200476308William Howard Taft1909-1913 Republican Dollar diplomacy NAACP founded25
7200476309Woodrow Wilson1913-1921 Democrat WWI; League of Nations; 18th and 19th amendments; Segregation of federal offices; First Red Scare26
7200476310Warren Harding1921-1923 Republican "Return to normalcy", return to isolationism; Tea Pot Dome scandal; Prohibition27
7200476311Calvin Coolidge1923-1929 Republican Small-government (laissez-faire) conservative28
7200476312Herbert Hoover1929-1933 Republican "American individualism"; Stock Market Crash; Dust Bowl; Hawley-Smoot Tariff29
7200476313Franklin Delano Roosevelt1933-1945 Democrat New Deal; WWII; Japanese Internment; "Fireside Chats"30
7200476314Harry Truman1945-1953 Democrat A-bomb; Marshall Plan; Korean War; United Nations31
7200476315Dwight Eisenhower1953-1961 Republican Brown v. Board of Education; Second Red Scare; Highway Act and suburbanization ("white flight"); Farewell Address warning of the military industrial complex32
7200476316John Kennedy1961-1963 Democrat Camelot; Bay of Pigs; Cuban Missile Crisis; Space program; Peace Corps33
7200476317Lyndon Johnson1963-1969 Democrat Civil and Voting Rights acts; Gulf of Tonkin Resolution; Great Society34
7200476318Richard Nixon1969-1974 Republican Environmental Protection Act; China visit; Moon Landing; Watergate35
7200476319Gerald Ford1974-1977 Republican Pardoning of Nixon; OPEC crisis36
7200476320Jimmy Carter1977-1981 Democrat stagflation / energy crisis; Iran hostage crisis; Camp David Accords37
7200476321Ronald Reagan1981-1989 Republican Conservative revolution; Iran-Contra scandal38
7200476322George H. W. Bush1989-1993 Republican Persian Gulf War39
7200476323Bill Clinton1993-2001 Democrat NAFTA; Lewinsky scandal and impreachment40
7200476324George W. Bush2001-2008 Republican War on terrorism; Patriot Act; Tax cuts; "No Child Left Behind"41
7200476325Barack Obama2008-2017 Democrat Affordable Care Act42
7200476326Donald Trump2017-? Republican "Make America Great Again", the Wall, Tax plan43
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Biochemistry Flashcards

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5962937888MatterMass and space/ Density0
5962952955Elements are named forMythological concepts, minerals they are found in, place, property, scientist, number1
5962963687Atomic Symbol1st letter or 1st letter plus dominant letter of name or Latin/Greek root2
5962977755Mass Number# of protons and neutrons3
5962979827Atomic MassAverage mass number of all isotopes in the proportion they are born4
5962994682Atomic NumberNumber of protons, determines which atom it is5
5963014547IsotopeAtoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. Often radioactive tracers6
5963029640Charge of an ElementNeutral, the electrons-negative and protons-positive must be equal7
5963048011IonCharged elements, protons don't equal electrons, cations are positive, anions are negative8
5963066070Valence ElectronOutermost electrons, involved in bonding9
5963092724Periodic Table of Elements-Left of the staircase is metals -Right of staircase is nonmetals -Touching staircase is metalloids10
5963101016States of MatterSolid- almost incompressible, tight intermolecular bonds, set arrangement Liquid- almost incompressible, take the shape of their container Gas- compressible Plasma- gas made out of ions11
5963125001Amorphous Liquid-From the Greek word without form -Lack planes to break along -Look solid but are actually super cool liquids -Glass12
5963177581MeltingSolid to liquid13
5963177582Vaporizing/BoilingLiquid to gas14
5963182210SublimationSolid to gas15
5963183929CondensationGas to liquid16
5963187498FreezingLiquid to solid17
5963189602DepositionGas to solid18
5963215746SubstanceSet chemical composition and properties, cannot be chemically seperated19
5963218350MixtureTwo or more substances that keep their own composition, can be chemically separated, solute in a solvent, type determined by size of particles20
5963254790ElementSame atom21
5963261747MoleculeDifferent atoms22
5963277840Homogeneous MixtureSolution- mixture with uniform composition and properties23
5963294633Heterogeneous MixtureColloid and suspension- mixture with nonuniform in composition and properties24
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AP Literature Glossary Terms Flashcards

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6353648716AllegoryA work that functions on a symbolic level.0
6353651190AlliterationThe repetition on initial consonant sounds, such as "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers."1
6353655369AllusionA reference contained in a work.2
6353657674AnapestA metrical pattern of two unaccented syllables followed by an accented syllable.3
6353667260AntagonistThe force or character that opposes the main character.4
6353673868ApostropheDirect address in poetry. Yeats's line "Be with me Beauty, for the fire is dying" is a good example.5
6353678214AsideWords spoken by an actor intended to be herd by the audience but not by other characters.6
6353681013AubadeA love poem set at dawn which bids farewell to the beloved.7
6353683932BalladA simple narrative poem, often incorporating dialogue that is written in quatrains, generally with a rhyme scheme of - a b c b -.8
6353700136Blank VerseUnrhymed iambic pentameter. Most of Shakespeare's plays are in this form.9
6353704808CacophonyHarsh discordant sounds in a line or passage of a literary work.10
6353709300CaesuraA break or pause within a line of poetry indicated by punctuation and used to emphasize meaning.11
6353717249CatharsisAccording to Aristotle, the release of emotion that the audience of a tragedy experiences.12
6353720663CharacterOne who carries out the action of the plot in literature. Major, minor, static, dynamic, and round are types of characters.13
6353726497ClimaxThe turning point of action or character in a literary work, usually the highest moment of tension.14
6353730154Comic ReliefThe inclusion of a humorous character or scene to contrast with the tragic element of a work, thereby intensifying the next tragic event.15
6353736176ConflictA clash between opposing forces in a literary work, such as man vs. man; man vs. nature; man vs. God; and man vs. self.16
6353746629ConnotationThe interpretive level of a word based on its associated images rather than its literal meaning.17
6353751996ConventionA traditional aspect of a literary work, such as a soliloquy in a Shakespearean play or a tragic hero in a Greek tragedy.18
6353758824CoupletTwo lines of rhyming poetry; often used by Shakespeare to conclude a scene or an important passage.19
6353762241DactylA foot of poetry consisting of a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables.20
6353769230DenotationThe literal or dictionary meaning of a word.21
6353774057DenouementThe conclusion or tying up of loose ends in a literary work; the resolution of the conflict and plot.22
6353777799Deus ex MachinaA Greek invention, literally "the god from the machine" who appears at the last moment and resolves the loose ends of a play. Today, the term refers to anyone, usually of some stature, who untangles, resolves, or reveals the key to the plot of a work.23
6353788862DictionThe author's choice of words.24
6353795093Dramatic MonologueA type of poem that presents a conversation between a speaker and an implied listener.25
6353798906ElegyA poem that laments the dead or a loss.26
6353803241EnjambmentA technique in poetry that involves the running on of a line or stanza. It enables the poem to move and to develop coherence as well as directing the reader with regard to form and meaning.27
6353816770EpicA lengthy, elevated poem that celebrates the exploits of a hero.28
6353821015EpigramA brief witty poem.29
6353828766EuphonyThe pleasant, mellifluous presentation of sounds in a literary work.30
6353834792ExpositionBackground information presented in a literary work.31
6353836515FableA simple, symbolic story, usually employing animals as characters.32
6353842755Figurative LanguageThe body of devices that enables the writer to operate on levels other than the literal one. It includes metaphor, simile, symbol, motif, hyperbole, etc...33
6353858469FlashbackA device that enables a writer to refer to past thoughts, events, or episodes.34
6353871707FootA metrical unit in poetry; a syllabic measure of a line: iamb, trochee, anapest, dactyl, and spondee.35
6353880465ForeshadowingHints of future events in a literary work.36
6353884959FormThe shape or structure of a literary work.37
6353887324Free VersePoetry without a defined form, meter, or rhyme scheme.38
6365430371HyperboleExtreme exaggeration.39
6365434965iambA metrical foot consisting of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented one; most common poetic foot in the English language.40
6365440694IdyllA type of lyric poem which extols the virtues of an ideal place or time.41
6365447873ImageA verbal approximation of a sensory impression, concept, or emotion.42
6365450960ImageryA total effect of related sensory images in a work of Literature.43
6365456543ImpressionismWriting that reflects a personal image of a character, event, or concept.44
6365462484IronyAn unexpected twist or contrast between what happens and what was intended or expected to happen. It involves dialogue and situation, and it can be intentional or unplanned. Dramatic irony centers around the ignorance of those involved while the audience is aware of the circumstance.45
6365482539Lyric PoetryA type of poetry characterized by emotion, personal feelings, and brevity; a large and inclusive category of poetry that exhibits rhyme, meter, and reflective thought.46
6365493467Magical RealismA type of Literature that explores narratives by and about characters who inhabit and experience their reality differently from what we term the objective world.47
6365504792MetaphorA direct comparison between dissimilar things.48
6365506744Metaphysical PoetryRefers to the work of poets like John Donne who explore highly complex, philosophical ideas through extended metaphors and paradox.49
6365515631MeterA pattern of beats in poetry.50
6365522204MetonymyA figure of speech in which a representative term is used for a larger idea. ("The pen is mightier than the sword.")51
6365527327MonologueA speech given by one character.52
6365531187MotifThe repetition or variations of an image or idea in a work which is used to develop theme or characters.53
6365538512Narrative PoemA poem that tells a story.54
6365540621NarratorThe speaker of a literary work.55
6365543239OctaveAn eight-line stanza, usually combined with a sestet in a Petrarchan sonnet.56
6365549109OdeA formal, lengthy poem that celebrates a particular subject.57
6365552293OnomatopoeiaWords that sound like the sound they represent.58
6365557666OxymoronAn image of contradictory terms (bittersweet, pretty ugly, etc.).59
6365568040ParableA story that operates on more than one level and usually teaches a moral lesson.60
6365571875ParadoxA set of seemingly contradictory elements which nevertheless reflects an underlying truth.61
6365581087Parallel PlotA secondary story line that mimic and reinforces the main plot.62
6365584658ParodyA comic imitation of a work that ridicules the original.63
6365595079PathosThe aspects of a literary work that elicit pity from the audience.64
6365601870PersonificationThe assigning of human qualities to inanimate objects or concepts.65
6365605817PlotA sequence of events in a literary work.66
6365607938Point of ViewThe method of narration in a work.67
6365611917ProtagonistThe hero or main character of a literary work; the character the audience sympathizes with.68
6365618108QuatrainA four-line stanza.69
6365621686ResolutionThe denouement of a literary work.70
6365625633Rhetorical QuestionA question that does not expect an explicit answer. It is used to pose an idea to be considered by the speaker or audience.71
6365632728RhymeThe duplication of final syllable sounds in two or more lines.72
6365636987Rhyme SchemeThe annotation of the pattern of the rhyme.73
6365640053RhythmThe repetitive pattern of beats in poetry.74
6365644008RomanticismA style or movement of literature that has as its foundation an interest in freedom, adventure, idealism, and escape.75
6365650424SatireA mode of writing based on ridicule, which criticizes the foibles and follies of society without necessarily offering a solution.76
6365658192ScansionAnalysis of a poem's rhyme and meter.77
6365661581SestetA six-line stanza, usually paired with an octave to form a Petrarchan sonnet.78
6365666170SestinaA highly structured poetic form of 39 lines, written in iambic pentameter. It depends upon the repetition of six words from the first stanza in each of six stanzas.79
6365677121SettingThe time and place of a literary work.80
6365681409SimileAn indirect comparison that uses the words "like" or "as" to line the differing items in the comparisons.81
6365689377SoliloquyA speech in a play which is used to reveal the character's inner thoughts to the audience.82
6365692473SonnetA 14-line poem with a prescribed rhyme scheme in iambic pentameter.83
6365698319SpondeeA poetic foot consisting of two accented syllables.84
6365795476Stage DirectionsThe specific instructions a playwright includes concerning sets, characterization, delivery, etc.85
6365803223StanzaA unit of a poem, similar in rhyme, meter, and length to other units in the poem.86
6365808532StructureThe organization and form of a work.87
6365809990StyleThe unique way an author presents his ideas. Diction, syntax, imagery, structure, and content all contribute to a particular style.88
6365819281SubplotA secondary plot that explores ideas different from the main story line.89
6365832209SubtextImplied meaning of a work or a section of work.90
6365833826SymbolSomething in a literary work that stands for something else.91
6365838102SynecdocheA figure of speech that utilizes a part as a representative of the whole.92
6365842622SyntaxThe grammatical structure of prose and poetry.93
6365845161TercetA three-line stanza.94
6365846501ThemeThe underlying ideas that the author illustrates through characterization, motifs, language, plot, etc.95
6365851455ToneThe author's attitude toward his subject.96
6365854000Tragic HeroAccording to Aristotle, a basically good person of noble birth or exalted position who has a fatal flaw or commits an error in judgment which leads to his downfall. The tragic hero must have a moment of realization an live and suffer.97
6365865461TrocheeA single metrical foot consisting of one stressed syllable followed by one unstressed syllable.98
6365872100UnderstatementThe opposite of exaggeration. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended.99
6365878912VillanelleA highly structured poetic form that comprises of six stanzas: five tercets and a quatrain. The poem repeats the first and third lines throughout.100
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AP Literature Vocabulary List 8 Flashcards

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5761550044Ubiquitouspresent everywhere at once, or seeming to be0
5761550045Degradingto cause somebody to feel shame and humiliation1
5761550720TenuousNot based on anything substantial2
5761550721Verbose/ Verbosityusing too many words3
5761551152Chimeraanimal with the body of mismatched animal parts4
5761551611Dichotomyseparation into two distinct categories5
5761551612Espouseto adopt or support something as a belief or cause; to speak for or to marry6
5761552165Ameliorateto improve something; or to become better7
5761552166Misconstrueto misinterpret something8
5761553871Ignominioustotal loss of dignity9
5761553872Juggernautan insensitive destructive force10
5761554646Patinaa pleasing surface sheen11
5761554647Prescienceforethought12
5761555440Pugnacity/Pugnaciousinclined to fight or be aggressive13
5761556267Temporalrelating to measured time; lasting a short amount of time14
5761556625Misnomerwrong or suitable name for something or somebody15
5761556626Equivocateto be deliberately unclear16
5761557165Altruismselflessness; to care about others more than yourself17
5761557166Privationlack of usual comforts of life18
5761557779Untowardunfavorable, unfortunate, or improper19
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AP Literature terms 4 Flashcards

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3651599391English Sonnetalso known as a Shakespearean sonnet. A fourteen line sonnet with 3 quatrains (4 line stanza) and a couplet (2 lines)- Rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg0
3651607973Enjambmentfrench term for "striding over" - in poetry an expression that spans more than one line1
3651611860Epica long formal narrative poem written in an elevated style that recounts the adventures of a hero of mythic proportions, who embodies the traits of a nation or a tribe of people. Traditional epics are derived from oral tradition2
3651625059Epithalamium (epithalamion)a poem written to celebrate a specific marriage3
3651628828Hubrisexcessive pride or ambition4
3651633522Hyperboleoverstatement, gross exaggereation5
3651636606Iambic Pentametertype of blank verse- 10 syllables per line (5 stressed and 5 unstressed)6
3651639609Inferencea conclusion drawn by considering facts, observations, or date7
3651645988In Medias Resin the midst of things- epics generally begin in medias res8
3651647674Lampoona mocking assault on a person or situation9
3651649694Metaphora figure of speech which compares unlike objects10
3651651141Motifa phrase or idea that is repeated11
3651654080Odecontemplative lyrics centered upon various themes12
3651655327Onomatopoeiathe use of words whose sounds suggest their meaning13
3651658204Oxymorona term consisting of contradictory elements14
3651659692Pastoralpoem set in tranquil setting15
3651661876Personificationa figure of speech in which objects or animals are given human qualitites16
3651665540similea comparison using like or as17
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