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AP Language: Vocabulary 1 Flashcards

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7606848389an, anot, without0
7606848933par, paraat the side of, besides, near1
7606850128epiupon2
7606854381ant, antiagainst, opposed to3
7606857161disparageTo belittle4
7606858299cursoryhasty, not thorough5
7606862798spuriousnot genuine, not true, not valid6
7606864017inureto adjust to and accept unpleasant or undesirable conditions7
7606867208evocativebringing strong images, memories, or feelings to mind8
7606868615hegemonythe domination of one state or group over its allies9

Micronutrients- B12 Flashcards

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7696103423UniquenessOne way- foods of animal origin are the only reliable sources of B-12 Second way- it is the only vitamin that contains a mineral cobalt as part of its structure The discovery of B-12 and how it prevents pernicious anemia was so significant between the years of 1934-1965 researchers were awarded 6 Nobel Prizes during this time period0
7696108007B 12 in FoodsPlants do not synthesize vitamin B-12 All vitamin B-12 compounds are synthesized exclusively by microorganisms, mainly bacteria Animals acquire vitamin B-12 from ingesting soil while they graze Ruminant animals also synthesize vitamin B-12 from bacteria in the multiple compartments of their stomachs1
7696113189Food sources of B12Vitamin B-12 sources for humans are of animal origin (meat, poultry, seafood, eggs, and dairy) Especially rich sources are liver, kidney, heart and fortified foods like ready to eat cereals Foods like tempeh and miso contain vitamin B-12 analogs, but this type of B-12 cannot be used by the body2
7696120340Vitamin B-12 Needs and Upper LevelRDA of vitamin B-12 for adults is 2.4 ug/day Daily value on food and supplement labels is 6 ug Average adult man consumes 3 times the RDA and women 2 times the RDA This high intake provides the average meat-eating person with 2-3 years storage of vit. B-12 in the liver There is no upper limit, no adverse effects observed from excess intakes of B-123
7696125701AbsorptionAbsorption of B-12 is quite complex In food B-12 is bound to protein HCL and pepsin in gastric juice release vitamin B-12 from these proteins In the stomach the free vitamin B-12 binds to R-protein, which originates in the salivary glands The free vitamin B-12 combines with intrinsic factor a protein like compound produced by parietal cells in the stomach that enhances Vit B-12 absorption In the small intestine pancreatic protease enzymes release vitamin B-12 from R-protein/vitamin B-12 complex Vitamin B-12 intrinsic factor complex travels to ileum, where vitamin B-12 is absorbed and transferred to the blood transport protein transcobalamin II This complex enters the portal vein and is delivered to the liver4
7696141773Storage of B-12B-12 is continually secreted into the bile, but most of it is reabsorbed Little B-12 is excreted in the urine, what is not used is reabsorbed Normally healthy adults absorb about 50% of the B-12 in foods The liver can store enough vitamin B-12 to last several years.5
7696178050Ways B-12 Absorption can be disruptedAbsence or defective R-protein, pancreatic proteases or intrinsic factor Defective binding of the intrinsic factor/B-12 complex Absence or surgical removal of much of the ileum and stomach Disease in the ileum like Crohn's disease Bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine Tapeworm infestation Use of certain anti-reflux meds Use of metformin to lower blood sugar Chronic malabsorption syndromes that may occur with various gastrointestinal disorders6
7696228587Can B-12 be supplemented via oral dose? (5 hour energy)it needs to be bound to something to be absorbed so more than likely you are not absorbing it7
7696248970B-12 Deficiencies20% of older adults have poor B-12 status Due to impaired absorption due to atrophic gastritis Does not cause anemia but may cause neurological problems and elevated blood homocysteine Consumption of crystalline vitamin B-12 in foods or as a supplement can improve status! Two forms of supplemental B-12: Cyanocobalamin Methylcobalamin8
7696259402Two forms of supplemental B-12Cyanocobalamin Methylcobalamin9
7696270481Dx with an impaired absorption of B-123 options 1)B-12 nasal gel 2)B-12 shot 3)Very high oral doses of 1-2 mg daily. A very small amount can be absorbed by passive diffusion and does not require the intrinsic factor system10
7696276452Deficiency in infancyinfancy can lead to diminished brain growth, poor intellectual development and degeneration of the spinal cord11
7696282779Vegans breastfeedingVegans that choose to breastfeed their infants need to be aware their breast milk may deficient in B-1212
7696286398Functions of Vitamin B-12Coenzymes that move 1-C groups Citric acid cycle Oxidation of fatty acids Folate metabolism Nervous system functions - maintenance of myelin sheath13
7696293142DiseasesLooks like folate deficiency Causes Usually due to decreased ability for absorption Consequences Pernicious anemia Nerve degeneration, weakness Tingling/numbness in the extremities (parasthesia) Paralysis and death14
7696296211Susceptible populationsOlder adults Infants of vegan mothers Vegans (after many years) People with malabsorptive diseases15
7696298498TreatmentMonthly injections Nasal gel Weekly ingestion of megadoses16
7696434158Consequences or signs of a B-12 deficiency?Tingling of fingers and toes, pernicious anemia, nerve degeneration, weakness, paralysis, death17

EMT-B 12 Lead Flashcards

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8124271475V14th intercostal space, right sternum0
8124272494V24th intercostal space, left sternum1
8124274276V3between V2 and V42
8124275659V45th intercostal space, midclavicular3
8124277551V5between V4 and V64
8124278133V65th intercostal space, midaxillary5
8124279244Limb leadsmoke over fire (left side), clouds over grass (right side)6

B3U12 The Journey Ahead Flashcards

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8591213716arrest(vt.) 逮捕,拘留0
8591213717arrest(n. [U]) 逮捕,拘留1
8591213718petty(adj.) 輕微的,小的2
8591213719jail(n. [U]) 監獄3
8591213720exhausted(adj.) 疲憊不堪的,筋疲力盡的4
8591213721exhaust(vt.) 使疲憊不堪,使筋疲力盡5
8591213722accommodation(n. [U]) 住宿6
8591213723accommodate(vt.) 為...提供住所7
8591213724suspicion(n. [U]) 不信任,懷疑8
8591213725suspect(vt.) 懷疑(某事是事實)9
8591213726suspect(n. [C]) 嫌疑犯10
8591213727suspicious(adj.) 懷疑的11
8591213728inquire(vi.) 詢問,打聽12
8591213729inquiry(n. [C]) 詢問,打聽13
8591213730convict(n. [C]) (服刑中的)囚犯14
8591213731convict(vt.) 宣判(某人)有罪15
8591213732humiliation(n. [U]) 恥辱,屈辱16
8591213733humiliate(vt.) 使蒙羞,出醜17
8591213734exchange(vt.) 交換,交流18
8591213735exchange(n. [U]) 交換,交流19
8591213736release(vt.) 允許...離開,釋放20
8591213737release(n. [U]) 釋放21
8591213738shiver(vi.) (因寒冷、害怕或激動而)打顫,顫抖22
8591213739shiver(n. [C]) 打顫,顫抖23
8591213740pity(n. [U]) 同情,憐憫24
8591213741pity(vt.) 同情,憐憫25
8591213742dine(vi.) 用飯,吃正餐26
8591213743precious(adj.) 貴重的,珍貴的27
8591213744precious(adj.) 寶貴的,珍貴的28
8591213745shelter(n. [U]) 庇護,(暫時的)住所29
8591213746shelter(vt.) 庇護,掩護30
8591213747stunned(adj.) 驚愕的31
8591213748stun(vt.) 使大吃一驚,使目瞪口呆32
8591213749possession(n. [C]) 所有物,財物33
8591213750possession(n. [U]) 擁有,持有34
8591213751possess(vt.) 擁有35
8591213752deserve(vt.) 值得,應該得到36
8591213753solemnly(adv.) 鄭重地,莊嚴地37
8591213754solemn(adj.) 鄭重的,莊嚴的38
8591213755solemn(adj.) 表情嚴肅的39
8591213756roam(vt.) (漫無目的地)遊蕩,徘徊40
8591213757dreadful(adj.) 糟透的,討厭的41
8591213758brood(vi.) 沉思,憂慮42
8591213759gloom(n. [U]) 鬱悶,絕望43
8591213760gloom(n. [U]) 黑暗,陰暗44
8591213761gloomy(adj.) 鬱悶的,絕望的45
8591213762somehow(adv.) 不知怎麼地46
8591213763somehow(adv.) 以某種方法47

French 12 B Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
7961419896continuerto continue0
7961422956se déplacerto move1
7961426382suivreto follow2
7961426383tournerto turn3
7961429462traverserto cross4
7961429463un anglecorner5
7961429464une avenueave6
7961432272un bâtimentbuilding7
7961439492un boulevardbvld8
7961445652un cheminway9
7961448149un coincorner10
7961448150des indicationsdirections11
7961458607un office du tourismetourist office12
7961461702au bout deat the end of13
7961461704au coin deat the corner of14
7961468699autour dearound15
7961468701jusqu'àuntil16
7961471150tout près devery close to17
7961473848tout droitstraight ahead18
7961478803un pontbridge19
7961486716monterto go up20
7961490223une statuestatue21
7961492695descendreto go22
7961496701une fontainefountain23
7961496702être perdueto be lost24
7961508988s'orienterto get one's bearings25
7961513134esteast26
7961513135nordnorth27
7961516337ouestwest28
7961516338sudsouth29
7961524763un feu de signalisationtraffic light30
7961531115un carrefourintersection31
7961534641une ruestreet32
7961540567une cabine téléphoniquephone booth33
7961550183un bancbench34

Bio B 12/2117 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
8494661517condensationwhen water changes from a gas to liquid0
8494665096evaporationwhen water changes from liquid to gas1
8494670204precipitationwhen water droplets become too heavy in the air and fall to the ground2
8494678103transpiratiowhen water evaporates from the leaves of platns(liquid gas3
8494683183Groundwaterwater that seeps into the ground and moves slowly through the ground back into a body of water4
8494685817surface runoffwhen it rains and water flows over the land5
8494691891reservoirlocation where matter is stored6
8494694128photosynthesisprocess where plants use light energy and CO2 and convert it into chemical energy7
8494698199Cellular resperationprocess where chemical energy is converted into usable energy by the cell and CO2 is released8
8494705287Fossil Fuelscoal, oil, or natural gas formed from the remains of dead organisms9
8494723873combustionprocess of burning fossil fuels to produce heat energy10
8494726084decompositionprossecs where dead organisms are broken down into simpler forms of matter11

b law ch. 12 Flashcards

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4154920517Meeting of The Mindscan only form a contract if both parties have this; means they understand each other and intend to reach an agreement0
4154922241Objectivejudges make what kind of assessment on any disagreements about whether a contract was made or not?1
4154925822Offeran act or statement that proposes definite terms and permits the the other party to create a contract by accepting those terms2
4154929310BargainInvitation to ______ is not an offer3
4154930380Price______ Quote is generally not an offer4
4154932187Letter of IntentA _________ ___ _______ may or may not be an offer; depends on the writer's intent5
4154934956RequestPlacing an item up for auction is not an offer, it is a _____ for an offer6
4154935936Definitethe term of the offer must be _____7
4154938665Open PriceUCC Provision; UCC establishes a price based on market value or valuation by a neutral party8
4154943255Output Contractobligates a seller to sell all of his output to one buyer who agrees to buy it9
4154947153Requirements Contractobligates a buyer to obtain all of his needed goods from the seller10
4154954000Termination by Revocationtermination of an offer effective when the offeree receives it11
4154955083Common Law Rule (Revoking Firm Offers)revocation of a firm offer is effective if the offer receives it before he accepts12
4154958380Option Contract Revocationthe offeror may not revoke an offer during the option period13
4154960363Sale of Goods Revocationa writing signed by a merchant, offering to hold an offer open may not be revoked14
4154963677Termination by Rejectionif an offeree rejects an offer, the rejection immediately terminates the offer15
4154964789Termination by Expirationwhen an offer specifies a time limit for acceptance, that period is binding. If no time limit, offeree has a reasonable period in which to accept16
4154971643Termination by Operation of Lawdeath or mental incapacity of the offeror terminates an offer17
4154974899Subject MatterDestruction of ______ ______ terminates the offer18
4154976043Acceptthe offeree must say or do something to _____19
4154977318Bilateralin a _____ contract, the offeree generally must accept by making promise20
4154979169UnilateralIn a _____ contract, the offeree must accept by performing21
4154980556Ambiguousif the offer is _______ the offeree may accept by either promise or performance22
4154992766Mirror Image Rulerequires that acceptance be on precisely the same terms as the offer23
4154997450Additional Termsterms that bring up new issues24
4154998563Merchantsif both parties are _____, the additional terms will generally become part of the contract25
4155000995Different Termsterms that contradict items in the offer26
4155002399Differentmajority of states say that _____ terms cancel each other out27
4155007200Particularif an offer demands acceptance in a ______ manner, the offeree must follow those requirements28
4155009498Specifyif the offer does not ______ a type of acceptance, the offeree may accept in a reasonable manner29
4155012881Mailbox Rule (Time of Acceptance)an acceptance is generally effective upon dispatch, meaning the moment it is out of the offeree's control30
4155017004Vagueness________ in an offer or acceptance guaruntees problems and may lead to litigation31

Nachalo B2 L12 P1, Nachalo B2 L12 P2, Nachalo B2 L12 P3, Nachalo B2 L12 P4 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6470414835ГриппInfluenza, flu0
6470414836Доктор, врачDoctor1
6470414837Лекарство (от +GEN)Medicine (for something)2
6470414838СредствоRemedy3
6470414839ТемператураTemperature4
6470414840ЭпидемияEpidemic5
6470414841ВолосыHair6
6470414842Глаз (Глаза, pl)Eye7
6470414843ГоловаHead8
6470414844ГорлоThroat9
6470414845ЖивотStomach10
6470414846Нога (Ноги, pl)Leg, foot11
6470414847НосNose12
6470414848Палец (пальцы, pl)Finger, toe13
6470414849Плечо (плечи, pl)Shoulder14
6470414850Рот (рта, Gen sg, во рту Prep sg)Mouth15
6470414851Рука (руки, pl)Hand, arm16
6470414852СпинаBack17
6470414853Ухо (уши, pl)ear18
6470414854ЛюбойAny19
6470414855НормальныйNormal20
6470414856НемедленноRight now, at once, immediately, without delay21
6470414857Будь здоров!Bless you!22
6470414858Вы температуру мерили?Did you take your temperature?23
6470414859Никакого беспокойства.It's no trouble at all24
6470414860Откровенно говоряFrankly speaking25
6470414861Разве так можно?How could you possibly do that?26
6470414862Сильно простужаться - простудитьсяTo catch a bad cold27
6470414863У меня болит голова (болят ноги)My head aches (my feet ache, etc)28
6470414864Беспокоить - побеспокоитьTo bother, to disturb29
6470414865Болеть - заболетьTo be ill, to be sick, to become sick, take sick, fall ill30
6470414866Болеть (болит, болят)To ache, to hurt31
6470414867Лечить - Полечить, вылечитьTo treat (medically), to treat (for a while), to cure32
6470414868Мерить - измеритьTo measure, to take (someone's temperature)33
6470414869Простужаться - простудитьсяTo catch a cold34
6470414870ЗапискаNote35
6470414871КаникулыVacation (from school)36
6470414872ЛимонLemon37
6470414873РождениеBirth38
6470414874СеансShowing (of a film), show (in the movie theater)39
6470414875БогатыйRich40
6470414876Занятый (заняты, pl)Busy41
6470414877ЛёгкийLight, easy42
6470414878ПростойSimple43
6470414879БогачеRicher44
6470414880ВышеHigher, taller45
6470414881ДорожеMore expensive46
6470414882ЛегчеLighter, easier47
6470414883МоложеYounger48
6470414884ПрощеSimpler, easier49
6470414885СтаршеOlder50
6470414886ЧищеCleaner51
6470414887СначалаFirst, at first52
6470414888Вызывать - вызватьTo call, to summon, to get (a doctor)53
6470414889Кончаться - кончитьсяTo end (intransitive)54
6470414890Начинаться - начатьсяTo start, to begin (intransitive)55
6470414891ГорчичникMustard plaster56
6470414892Кашельcaugh57
6470414893НасморкRunny nose58
6470414894ПростудаA cold59
6470414895МетодMethod60
6470414896Носок (носки, pl)Sock61
6470414897ГорячийOf an object, liquid etc., hot62
6470414898ОпасноDangerously, it's dangerous63
6470414899Дышите!Breath!64
6470414900Лучше не надоBetter you didn't, it's not a good idea65
6470414901Не беспокойтесь!Don't worry66
6470414902Очень горячо!It's really hot67
6470414903Принимать - принять (лекарство)To take medicine68
6470414904ПроходитеCome in69
6470414905Что с вами (тобой)?What's the matter with you?70
6470414906Кашлять - кашлянутьTo caugh71
6470414907Проходить - пройти(Of pain, cough, etc.) to pass, to go away72
6470414908Снимать - снятьTo take off73
6470414909Чихать - чихнутьTo sneeze74
6470414910АнтибиотикAntibiotic75
6470414911БолезньSickness, illness, disease76
6470414912ВитаминVitamins77
6470414913РецептPrescription78
6470414914Апельсиновый сокOrange juice79
6470414915МёдHoney80
6470414916СодаBaking soda81
6470414917СомнениеDoubt82
6470414918Чувство (юмора)Sense (of humor)83
6470414919Больной (больна, болен, больны)Sick, ill84
6470414920ОпасныйDangerous85
6470414921ТипичныйTypical86
6470414922ПослезавтраThe day after tomorrow87
6470414923СноваAgain88
6470414924Не хватает(There is not) enough89
6470414925По рецептуBy prescription90
6470414926Скорее выздоравливайте (выздоравливай)!Get well soon91
6470414927Пусть...Let, have (someone do something)92
6470414928С (со) +GEN(Motion) from93
6470414929Ненавидеть (ненавижу, ненавидишь,...ненавидят)To hate94
6470414930Терять - потерятьTo lose95

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