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AP Literature Vocabulary Flashcards

4877438315	alacrity	liveliness	0
4877439346	admonish	to warn	1
4877442528	avarice	greed	2
4877443297	blithe	carefree	3
4877444723	cajole	to coax	4
4877446037	cathartic	cleansing	5
4877447214	decrepit	weakened by age	6
4877448131	diligent	industrious	7
4877448132	dour	gloomy	8
4877448932	ensconce	to place securely; to conceal	9
4877450961	juxtapose	to place side by side	10
4877451920	malinger	to pretend sickness	11
4877452734	menial	servile; low	12
4877453604	preclude	to shut out	13
4877454562	prosaic	commonplace; dull	14
4877455198	staid	sedate; serious	15
4877456819	supple	flexible	16
4877456832	tantamount	equivalent	17
4877457560	torrid	very hot; scorching	18
4877458640	venial	excusable	19
4942031003	abase	to humiliate; degrade	20
4942035290	affinity	attraction	21
4942039908	augur	to predict	22
4942043984	burnish	to polish	23
4942047854	charlatan	faker	24
4942050986	demure	shy	25
4942055293	disconsolate	without hype	26
4942058499	ebullient	enthusiastic	27
4942063968	fabricate	to construct; to devise (a deception)	28
4942091597	gamut	entire rage	29
4942091604	languid	lacking spirit or interest	30
4942094356	lucid	shining; easily understood	31
4942094357	mollify	to appease	32
4942096732	panacea	cure-all	33
4942096733	pithy	terse	34
4942096734	pristine	pert. to earliest period; unspoiled	35
4942098472	sporadic	infrequent; irregular	36
4942098473	tacit	silent	37
4942098474	tryst	meeting	38
4942100516	zealot	fanatic	39
5013700681	aggrandize	to enlarge	40
5013703185	alturism	unselfish devotion	41
5013707574	calumny	a false accusation; a slander	42
5013710362	coerce	to force	43
5013712589	debility	weakness	44
5013714675	docile	easy to handle; submissive	45
5013718184	ennui	boredom	46
5013722785	extricate	to free	47
5013725099	lethargic	sluggish	48
5013728328	mete	to allot	49
5013730187	obtuse	stupid	50
5013731787	perdition	hell	51
5013733874	poignant	piercing	52
5013736836	profuse	overabundant	53
5013740960	rancour	hatred	54
5013743016	recondite	concealed; profound	55
5013745158	sapient	wise	56
5013747039	sordid	vile; dirty	57
5013749089	succor	to aid	58
5013754000	tawny	yellowish-brown	59
5089154634	abhor	to hate	60
5089156990	adjunct	assitant	61
5089162815	chaff	worthless matter	62
5089165675	collusion	secret agreement to defraud another	63
5089171920	disdain	to scorn	64
5089172058	ductile	easily modeled	65
5089175044	emanciate	to make thin	66
5089182551	intrepid	fearless	67
5089193138	ludicrous	ridiculous	68
5089197979	misanthrope	hater of mankind	69
5089202544	neophyte	beginner; convert	70
5089210713	placate	to pacify	71
5089214034	pragmatic	practical	72
5089220603	pseudonym	assumed name to conceal identity	73
5089224500	ribald	indecent; vulgar	74
5089227517	sanguine	optimistic	75
5089233547	subjugate	to conquer	76
5089235607	sycophant	flatterer; parasite	77
5089243414	tirade	long, vehement speech	78
5089246817	vociferous	shouting	79
5135840730	agnostic	one who believes God is unknowable	80
5135843689	adamant	immovable; unyielding	81
5135848447	carp	to complain constantly	82
5135850235	commodious	spacious	83
5135852209	corpulent	fat	84
5135852399	dogmatic	dictatorial	85
5135854977	enervate	to weaken	86
5135858597	eulogy	praise for a dead person	87
5135860878	fervent	emotional; ardent	88
5135862768	glib	fluent; smooth	89
5135864664	litigation	law suit	90
5135866921	mendacious	untruthful	91
5135871838	ominous	threatening	92
5135874186	overt	not concealed	93
5135875841	placid	calm	94
5135878382	propensity	tendency	95
5135881599	rotund	round	96
5135883739	scurrilous	abusive; coarse	97
5135885855	supersede	to replace	98
5135888563	verbosity	wordiness	99
5199974048	abscond	to flee secretly	100
5199981114	ameliorate	to improve	101
5199981115	broach	to introduce a topic	102
5199983462	castigate	to punish	103
5199983463	cognizant	aware	104
5199987549	didactic	instructive	105
5200005596	dissident	disagreeing	106
5199987550	egregious	outrageous	107
5199990312	iniquitous	unjust	108
5199990313	laconic	using few words, concise	109
5199993501	loquacious	talkative	110
5199993502	pert	bold; saucy	111
5199993503	platonic	purely spiritual, not sensual	112
5199995889	skeptic	one who doubts	113
5199995890	slothful	idle; lazy	114
5199995930	taciturn	almost always silent	115
5199999186	tangible	capable of being touched; perceptible	116
5199999187	turgid	swollen	117
5200001630	verity	truth	118
5200005597	vindicate	to justify	119
5270264181	acrimony	acerbity	120
5270264182	affable	friendly; courteous	121
5270266452	bellicose	warlike	122
5270266453	caprice	an impulsive change of mind	123
5270266454	cognate	related	124
5270268837	compunction	uneasiness; remorse	125
5270268838	contumley	rudeness	126
5270273527	doggerel	poorly written verse	127
5270273528	duplicity	deception	128
5270276022	ethereal	airy; delicate	129
5270278293	facade	front part of a building; false front	130
5270278294	intrinsic	essential	131
5270280021	malign	to slander	132
5270280022	obscure	not clear	133
5270281579	opulence	wealth	134
5270281580	propitious	favorable	135
5270284074	respite	delay	136
5270284075	sonorous	loud; resonant	137
5270286440	stolid	having little emotion; impassive	138
5270309918	urbane	refined	139
5328133720	altercation	angry dispute	140
5328136839	advocate	to recommend	141
5328139270	aplomb	self confidence	142
5328139271	assuage	to make less severe; to calm	143
5328139272	bluster	to speak boastfully	144
5328141412	careen	to swerve	145
5328141413	cogent	convincing	146
5328141414	concomitant	accompanying	147
5328143689	daunt	to discourage	148
5328143690	dormant	asleep; temporarily inactive	149
5328143691	irascible	easily angered	150
5328146286	malevolent	wishing evil; malicious	151
5328146287	peruse	to read with thoroughness	152
5328146288	potpourri	mixture	153
5328149876	progeny	descendants	154
5328149877	specious	misleading	155
5328149878	succulent	full of juice	156
5328153109	sustenance	nourishment	157
5328153122	unctuous	oily; excessively suave	158
5328169459	volition	act of determination	159
5381364988	abate	to lessen; diminish	160
5381364989	allocate	to set aside; to appropriation	161
5381367195	adulation	praise	162
5381367196	biennial	occurring every two years	163
5381367363	captivate	to fascinate	164
5381375489	clandestine	secret	165
5381375490	desultory	disconnected; rambling	166
5381377513	dolorous	mournful	167
5381377514	effrontery	impudence	168
5381379739	innocuous	harmless	169
5381381323	machiavellian	crafty; cunning	170
5381381324	meretricious	showily attractive; tawny	171
5381383727	phlegmatic	sluggish	172
5381383728	predilection	preference	173
5381386157	proletarian	worker; citizen of lowest class	174
5381392489	somber	dark; gloomy	175
5381392490	stoicism	repression of emotion	176
5381394369	tenuous	slender; flimsy	177
5381396482	transitory	lasting but a short time	178
5381515389	vicarious	substitute	179
5541717672	agility	quickness;nimbleness	180
5541717673	amnesty	pardon	181
5541719674	capitious	finding fault	182
5541719675	chide	to scold	183
5541719676	diffident	lacking confidence	184
5541721421	dolt	stupid person	185
5541723126	ecstatic	extremely happy	186
5541723127	expiate	to atone for	187
5541723128	facile	easy	188
5541725183	heinous	hateful; abominable	189
5541725184	inherent	inborn	190
5541725185	latent	hidden; dormant	191
5541727859	ostracize	to banish	192
5541727860	parsimony	stinginess	193
5541727861	pique	to irritate	194
5541730391	profligate	shamelessly immoral; extremely wasteful	195
5541730392	qualm	misgiving	196
5541730393	remostrate	to protest	197
5541732908	sedulous	industrious	198
5541736879	spurious	counterfeit; false	199
5617166815	allay	to reduce intensity; to calm	200
5617166816	affluence	wealth	201
5617166817	astute	shrewd	202
5617170095	buffoon	clown	203
5617170096	censure	to criticize sharply	204
5617172838	congruent	agreeing	205
5617172839	copious	abundant	206
5617172840	cower	to cringe in fear	207
5617175602	disparage	to belittle	208
5617175603	flagrant	notorious; shocking	209
5617181437	indolent	lazy	210
5617181438	moribund	dying	211
5617181439	odious	hateful; disgusting	212
5617188164	pernicious	destructive	213
5617205897	reprisal	retaliation	214
5617209338	saturnine	gloomy; very serious	215
5617212830	tenacity	persistence	216
5617216564	truculent	cruel	217
5617216565	volatile	evaporating rapidly; flightly	218
5617376150	voracious	very greedy	219
5738169215	accrue	to accumulate	220
5738169216	adroit	skillful	221
5738171098	antipodes	opposite side of earth	222
5738171099	artifice	trickery	223
5738173781	bland	mild	224
5738173782	capitulate	to surrender	225
5738173783	conclave	secret meeting	226
5738177332	contiguous	adjacent; touching	227
5738177333	debauch	to corrupt	228
5738180061	derision	ridicule	229
5738182175	divest	to deprive	230
5738182176	dulcet	pleasing to ear; melodious	231
5738182177	eschew	to avoid	232
5738184116	extraneous	not belonging	233
5738184117	flaunt	to show off	234
5738184118	foible	minor weakness	235
5738188045	immutable	unchangeable	236
5738188046	insipid	dull	237
5738188047	maxim	short statement of truth	238
5738192598	narcissistic	self love	239

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Literary Terms for AP English Literature Flashcards

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5267133014	Allegory	The representation of abstract ideas or principle by characters, figures or events in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form	0
5267143340	Alliteration	The repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of several words in a line of poetry. ie. Marilyn Monroe	1
5267155458	Ambiguity	When an author leaves out details/information or is unclear about an event so the reader will use his/her imagination to fill in the blanks.	2
5267165757	Anecdote	A short story or joke told at the beginning of a speech to gain the audience's attention	3
5267170186	Antagonist	The Protagonist advesary	4
5267177953	Anti-Climatic	When the ending of the plot in poetry or prose is unfulfilling or lackluster	5
5267189200	Apostrophe	When a character speaks to a character or object that is not present or is unable to respond	6
5267195080	Climax	The turning point in the plot or the high point of action	7
5267198301	Colloquial language	Informal, conversational language. Colloquialisms are phrases or sayings that are indicative of a specific region	8
5267205102	Connotation	An idea or meaning suggested by or associated with a word or thing, ie. Bat=Evil	9
5267222719	Deus ex machina	Term that refers to a character or force that appears at the end of a story or play to help resolve conflict. Word means "god from a machine." In ancient Greek drama, gods were lowered onto the stage by a mechanism to extricate characters from a seemingly hopeless situation. the phrase has come to mean any turn of events that solve the characters' through an unexpected and unlikely intervention	10
5267249536	Diction	Word choice or the use of words in speech or writing	11
5267252787	Denouement	The final resolution or clarification of a dramatic or narrative plot	12
5267256494	Doppleganger	The alter ego of a character-the suppressed side of one's personality that is usually unaccepted by society. ie. The Strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson- Mr. Edward Hyde is Dr. Jekyll's evil side	13
5267271605	Emotive language	Deliberate use of language by a writer to instill a feeling or visual	14
5267292145	Epic	An extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, celebrating the feats of a legendary or traditional hero	15
5267306992	Epistolary	Used to describe a novel that tells its story though letters written from one character to another	16
5267318436	Euphemism	The act of substituting a harsh, blunt, or offensive comment for a more politically accepted or positive one. (short=vertically challenged)	17
5267332394	Euphony	A succession of words which are pleasing to the ear. These words may be alliterative, utilize consonance, or assonance and are often used in poetry but also seen in prose	18
5267357705	Expansion	Adds an unstressed syllable and a contraction or elision removes an unstressed syllable in order to maintain the rhythmic meter of a line. this practice explains some word frequently used in poetry such as th' in place of the, o'er in place over, and 'tis or 'twas in place of it is or it was	19
5289822348	Fable	A usually short narrative making an edifying or cautionary point and often employing as characters animals that speak and act like humans.	20
5289828321	Figurative language	Speech or writing that departs from literal meaning in order to achieve a special effect or meaning. Speech or writing employing figures of speech.	21
5289840194	Flashback	When a character remembers a past event that is relevant to the current action of the story	22
5289844653	Flat character	A literary character whose personality can be defined by one or two traits and does not change over the course of the story. Flat characters are usually minor or insignificant.	23
5289862999	Foil	A character that by contrast underscores or enhances the distinctive characteristics of another	24
5292271447	Folklore	The traditional beliefs, myths, tales, and practices of a people, transmitted orally	25
5292278744	Foreshadowing	Clues in the text about incidents that will occur later in the plot, foreshadowing creates anticipation in the novel	26
5292283916	Genre	A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, marked by a distinctive style, form, or conent	27
5292292631	Gothic Novel	A genre of fiction characterized by mystery and supernatural horror, often set in a dark castle or other medieval setting	28
5292297469	Heroine	A woman noted for courage and daring action or the female protagonist	29
5292302011	Hubris	Used in Greek tragedies, refers to excessive pride that usually leads to a hero's downfall	30
5292307519	Hyperbole	A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or comic/dramatic effect	31
5292316888	Illocution	Language that avoids meaning of the words. When we speak, sometimes we conceal intentions or side step the true subject of a conversation. Writing this expresses two stories, one of which is not apparent to the characters, but is apparent to the reader. For example, if two characters are discussing a storm on the surface it may seem like a simple discussion of the weather, however, the reader should interpret the underlying meaning-that the relationship is in turmoil, chaos, is unpredictable. As demonstrated the story contains an underlying meaning or parallel meanings.	32
5292323466	Imagery	The use of vivid or figurative language to represent objects, actions, or ideas	33
5292329563	In medias res	A story that begins in the middle of things	34
5292331091	Irony	When one thing should occur, is apparent, or in logical sequence but the opposite actually occurs	35
5292345695	Dramatic Irony	When the audience or reader knows something characters do not know	36
5292350402	Verbal Irony	When the one thing is said, but something else, usually the opposite, is meant	37
5292357164	Cosmic Irony	When a higher power toys with human expectations	38
5292364276	Memoir	An account of the personal experiences of an author	39
5292366001	Metaphor	A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison; this comparison does not use like or as.	40
5292376331	Metonymy	The use of a word or phrase to stand in for something else which it is often associated	41
5292378987	Motif	A dominant theme or central idea	42
5292380659	Narrator	Someone who tells a story	43
5292382221	Novella	A short novel usually under 100 pages	44
5292384193	Neutral language	Language opposite from emotive language as it is literal or even objective in nature	45
5292392617	Onomatopoeia	The formation or use of words such as buzz or murmur that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to	46
5292396301	Paradox	Statement which seems to contradict itself	47
5292398490	Parody	A literary or artistic work that imitates the characteristic style of an author or a work for comic effect or ridicule	48
5292418484	Personification	A figure of speech in which inanimate objects or abstractions are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form	49
5292428490	Poetic justice	The rewarding of virtue and the punishment of vice in the resolution of a plot. The character, as they say, gets what he/she deserves	50
5292433378	Prequel	A literary, dramatic, or cinematic work whose narrative takes place before that of a preexisting work or a sequel	51
5292440944	Prologue	An introduction or preface, especially a poem recited to introduce a play	52
5292444818	Prose	Ordinary speech or writing without metrical structure, written in paragraph form. Novels and short stories are referred to as prose	53
5292454416	Protagonist	The main character in a drama or literary work	54
5292456086	Rising action	The events of a dramatic or narrative plot preceding the climax	55
5292458224	Rites of passage	An incident which creates tremendous growth signifying a transition from adolescence to adulthood	56
5292462546	Round character	A character who is developed over the course of the book, round characters are usually major characters in a novel	57
5292468590	Resolution	Solution to the conflict in literature	58
5292469819	Satire	A literary work in which human vice or folly is attacked through irony, derision, or wit; the goal is to change the behavior/issue.	59
5292478668	Simile	A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduce by like or as	60
5292484438	Slang	A kind of language occurring chiefly in casual and playful speech, made up typically of short-lived coinages and figures of speech that are deliberately used in place of standard terms for added raciness, humor, irreverence, or other effect.	61
5292510738	Soliloquy	A dramatic or literary form of discourse in which a character talks to himself or herself or reveals his or her thoughts without addressing a listener	62
5292519140	Sonnet	A poem with fourteen lines. An Italian sonnet subdivides into two quatrains and two tercets; while an English sonnet subdivides into three quatrains and one couplet.	63
5292533252	Style	The combination of distinctive features of literary or artistic expression, execution, or performance characterizing a particular person, group, school, or era	64
5292541063	Symbolism	Something that represents something else by association, resemblance, or convention, especially a material object used to represent something invisible	65
5292551080	Tragedy	A drama or literary work in which the main character is brought to ruin or suffers extreme sorrow, especially as a consequence of a tragic flaw, moral weakness, or inability to cope with unfavorable circumstances.	66
5292556807	Tone	Reflects how the author feels about the subject matter or the feeling the author wants to instill in the reader	67

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AP Language Unit 1 Vocab Flashcards

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7648020317	quid pro quo	an equal exchange or substitution	0
7648020318	terra firma	solid ground; dry land	1
7648020319	Semper Fidelis	Always faithful	2
7648020320	ergo	consequently; therefore	3
7648020321	persona non grata	an unacceptable or unwelcome person.	4
7648020322	mea culpa	my fault	5
7648020323	memorandum	A form on which a brief message is written describing a transaction	6
7648020324	ipso facto	by the fact itself; by that very fact	7
7648020325	pro bono	for the public good	8
7648020326	Tabula Rasa	blank slate; clean slate	9
7648020327	de facto	in fact or in reality	10
7648020328	ibidem (always used in the abbreviated form ibid)	in the same place	11
7648020329	deus ex machina	an unexpected power or event saving a seemingly hopeless situation, especially as a contrived plot device in a play or novel.	12
7648020330	et al. (et alii)	"and other people"	13
7648020331	et cetera (etc.)	and other things of the same class; and so forth	14
7648020332	exempli gratia (e.g.)	for example	15
7648020333	ad nauseam	To a sickening or excessive degree	16
7648020334	Per se (adv)	Of, In, or by itself or oneself; intrinsically	17
7648020335	Vice versa (adv)	With the order or meaning reversed; conversely	18
7648020336	magnum opus (n)	a great work, especially a literary or artistic masterpiece	19
7648020337	bona fide (adj/adv)	genuine; real; sincere	20
7648020338	Modus Operandi (MO)	A method of operating or functioning way of operating	21
7648020339	status quo (n)	The existing state of affairs	22
7648020340	verbatim (adj)	Using exactly the same words; corresponding word for word	23
7648020342	in medias res (adv)	In or into the middle of a sequence of events, as in a literary narrative	24

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AP World History Period 2 Flashcards

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6712619152	Ahura Mazda	In Zoroastrianism, the good god who rules the world.	0
6712619153	Alexander the Great	Alexander III of Macedon (356-323 B.C.E.), conqueror of the Persian Empire and part of northwest India.	1
6712619154	Aryans	Indo-European pastoralists who moved into India about the time of the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization; their role in causing this collapse is still debated by historians.	2
6712619155	Ashoka	The most famous ruler of the Mauryan Empire (r. 268-232 B.C.E.), who converted to Buddhism and tried to rule peacefully and with tolerance.	3
6712619156	Athenian democracy	A radical form of direct democracy in which much of the free male population of Athens had the franchise and officeholders were chosen by lot.	4
6712619157	Caesar Augustus	The great-nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar who emerged as sole ruler of the Roman state at the end of an extended period of civil war (r. 31 B.C.E.-14 C.E.).	5
6712619158	Cyrus (the Great)	Founder of the Persian Empire (r. 557-530 B.C.E.); a ruler noted for his conquests, religious tolerance, and political moderation.	6
6712619159	Darius I	Great king of Persia (r. 522-486 B.C.E.) following the upheavals after Cyrus's death; completed the establishment of the Persian Empire.	7
6712619160	Greco-Persian Wars	Two major Persian invasions of Greece, in 490 B.C.E. and 480 B.C.E., in which the Persians were defeated on both land and sea.	8
6712619161	Gupta Empire	An empire of India (320-550 C.E.).	9
6712619162	Han dynasty	Dynasty that ruled China from 206 B.C.E. to 220 C.E., creating a durable state based on Shihuangdi's state-building achievement.	10
6712619163	Hellenistic era	The period from 323 to 30 B.C.E. in which Greek culture spread widely in Eurasia in the kingdoms ruled by Alexander's political successors.	11
6712619165	Mandate of Heaven	The ideological underpinning of Chinese emperors, this was the belief that a ruler held authority by command of divine force as long as he ruled morally and benevolently.	12
6712619166	Battle of Marathon	Athenian victory over a Persian invasion in 490 B.C.E.	13
6712619167	Mauryan Empire	A major empire (322-185 B.C.E.) that encompassed most of India.	14
6712619168	Olympic Games	Greek religious festival and athletic competition in honor of Zeus; founded in 776B.C.E. and celebrated every four years.	15
6712619169	Patricians	Wealthy, privileged Romans who dominated early Roman society.	16
6712619170	Pax Romana	The "Roman peace," a term typically used to denote the stability and prosperity of the early Roman Empire, especially in the first and second centuries C.E.	17
6712619171	Peloponnesian War	Great war between Athens (and allies) and Sparta (and allies), lasting from 431 to 404 B.C.E. The conflict ended in the defeat of Athens and the closing of Athens's Golden Age.	18
6712619172	Persepolis	The capital and greatest palace-city of the Persian Empire, destroyed by Alexander the Great.	19
6712619173	Persian Empire	A major empire that expanded from the Iranian plateau to incorporate the Middle East from Egypt to India; flourished from around 550 to 330 B.C.E.	20
6712619174	Plebians	Poorer, less privileged Romans who gradually won a role in Roman politics.	21
6712619175	Punic Wars	Three major wars between Rome and Carthage in North Africa, fought between 264 and 146 B.C.E., that culminated in Roman victory and control of the western Mediterranean.	22
6712619176	Qin Dynasty	A short-lived (221-206 B.C.E.) but highly influential Chinese dynasty that succeeded in reuniting China at the end of the Warring States period.	23
6712619177	Qin Shihuangdi	Literally "first emperor" (r. 221-210 B.C.E.) forcibly reunited China and established a strong and repressive state.	24
6712619178	Wudi	Han emperor (r. 141-86 B.C.E.) who began the Chinese civil service system by establishing an academy to train imperial bureaucrats.	25
6712619179	Yellow Turban Rebellion	A major Chinese peasant revolt that began in 184 C.E. and helped cause the fall of the Han dynasty.	26
6712619181	Aristotle	A Greek polymath philosopher (384-322 B.C.E.); student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.	27
6712619182	Ban Zhao	A major female Confucian author of Han dynasty China (45-116 C.E.) whose works give insight into the implication of Confucian thinking for women.	28
6712619183	Bhagavad Gita	A great Hindu epic text, part of the much larger Mahabharata, which affirms the performance of caste duties as a path to religious liberation.	29
6712619185	Brahmins	The priestly caste of India.	30
6712619186	Buddhism	The cultural/religious tradition first enunciated by Siddhartha Gautama	31
6712619187	Confucianism	The Chinese philosophy first enunciated by Confucius, advocating the moral example of superiors as the key element of social order.	32
6712619188	Confucius	The founder of Confucianism (551-479 B.C.E.); an aristocrat of northern China who proved to be the greatest influence on Chinese culture in its history.	33
6712619189	Constantine	Roman emperor (r. 306-337 C.E.) whose conversion to Christianity paved the way for the triumph of Christianity in Europe.	34
6712619190	Daoism	A Chinese philosophy/popular religion that advocates simplicity and understanding of the world of nature, founded by the legendary figure Laozi.	35
6712619191	Filial piety	The honoring of one's ancestors and parents, a key element of Confucianism.	36
6712619192	Hinduism	A word derived from outsiders to describe the vast diversity of indigenous Indian religious traditions.	37
6712619193	Jesus of Nazareth	The prophet/god of Christianity(ca. 4 B.C.E.-ca. 30 C.E.).	38
6712619194	Yahweh	The monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god (Yahweh) with concerns for social justice.	39
6712619195	Karma	In Hinduism, the determining factor of the level at which the individual is reincarnated, based on purity of action and fulfillment of duty in the prior existence.	40
6712619196	Laozi	A legendary Chinese philosopher of the sixth century B.C.E.; regarded as the founder of Daoism.	41
6712619197	Legalism	A Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments.	42
6712619198	Nirvana	The end goal of Buddhism, in which individual identity is "extinguished" into a state of serenity and great compassion.	43
6712619199	Plato	A disciple of Socrates whose Dialogues convey the teachings of his master while going beyond them to express Plato's own philosophy; lived from 429 to 348 B.C.E.	44
6712619201	Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)	The Indian prince turned ascetic (ca. 566-ca. 486 B.C.E.) who founded Buddhism.	45
6712619202	Socrates	The first great Greek philosopher to turn rationalism toward questions of human existence (469-399 B.C.E.).	46
6712619203	Theodosius	Roman emperor (r. 379-395 C.E.) who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman state, banning all polytheistic rituals.	47
6712619204	Upanishads	Indian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 B.C.E.	48
6712619205	Vedas	The earliest religious texts of India, a collection of ancient poems, hymns, and rituals that were transmitted orally before being written down ca. 600 B.C.E.	49
6712619206	Warring States Period	Period in China from 403 to 221 B.C.E. that was typified by disorder and political chaos.	50
6712619207	Yin and Yang	Expression of the Chinese belief in the unity of opposites.	51
6712619208	Zarathustra	A Persian prophet, traditionally dated to the sixth or seventh century B.C.E. (but perhaps much older), who founded Zoroastrianism.	52
6712619209	Zoroastrianism	Persian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra.	53
6712619210	dharma	In Indian belief, performance of the duties appropriate to an individual's caste; good performance will lead to rebirth in a higher caste.	54
6712619211	helots	The dependent, semi-enslaved class of ancient Sparta whose social discontent prompted the militarization of Spartan society.	55
6712619212	karma	In Indian belief, the force generated by one's behavior in a previous life that decides the level at which an individual will be reborn.	56
6712619213	Pericles	A prominent and influential statesman of ancient Athens (ca. 495-429 B.C.E.); presided over Athens's Golden Age.	57
6712619214	scholar-gentry class	A term used to describe members of China's landowning families, reflecting their wealth from the land and the privilege that they derived as government officials.	58
6712619215	Untouchables	An Indian social class that emerged below the Sudras and whose members performed the most unclean and polluting work.	59
6712619216	Empress Wu	The only female "emperor" in Chinese history (r. 690-705 C.E.); patronized scholarship, worked to elevate the position of women, and provoked a backlash of Confucian misogynist invective.	60
6712619217	Axum	Classical-era kingdom of East Africa, in present-day Eritrea and northern Ethiopia; flourished from 100 to 600 C.E.	61

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AP Language Flashcards

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7767432363	Anecdote	short and interesting story or an amusing event often proposed to support or demonstrate some point and make readers and listeners laugh	0
7767432364	Allusion	figure of explication using a brief or casual reference to a famous person, historical event, place, or work of art	1
7767432365	Antithesis	figure of balance in which two contrasting ideas are intentionally juxtaposed	2
7767432366	Anaphora	the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses	3
7767432367	Apostrophe	an exclamatory passage in a speech or poem addressed to a person (typically one who is dead or absent) or thing (typically one that is personified)	4
7767432368	Antecedent	literary device in which a word or pronoun in a line or sentence refers to an earlier word	5
7767432369	Aphorism	statement of truth or opinion expressed in a concise and witty manner the term is often applied to philosophical, moral and literary principles	6
7767432370	Diction	style of speaking or writing determined by the choice of words by a speaker or a writer	7
7767432371	Connotation	refers to a meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicitly	8
7767432372	Denotation	literal or dictionary meanings of a word in contrast to its connotative or associated meanings	9
7767432373	Abstract Diction	refers to language that describes concepts rather than concrete images	10
7767432374	Concrete Diction	refers to words that stimulate some kind of sensory response in the reader: as we read the words, we can imaginatively use our senses to experience what the words represent	11
7767432375	Formal Diction	where formal words are used in formal situations	12
7767432376	Colloquial Diction	usage of informal or everyday language in literature	13
7767432377	Simile	comparing two unlike things, often introduced with the words "like", "as", or "than"	14
7767432378	Metaphor	makes an implicit, implied, or hidden comparison between two things that are unrelated, but which share some common characteristics	15
7767432379	Personification	Figure which represents abstractions or inanimate objects with human qualities	16
7767432380	Hyperbole	use of exaggeration	17
7767432381	Rhetoric	the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques	18
7767432382	Ethos	building credibility	19
7767432383	Pathos	emotional appeal	20
7767432384	Logos	logical appeal	21
7767432385	Juxtaposition	two or more ideas, places, characters and their actions are placed side by side in a narrative or a poem for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts	22
7767432386	Analogy	comparison of two things, which are alike in several respects, for the purpose of explaining or clarifying some unfamiliar or difficult idea or object by showing how the idea or object is similar to some familiar one	23
7767432387	Invective	writing that attacks, insults, or denounces a person, topic, or institution	24
7767432388	Didactive	describes a type of literature that is written to inform or instruct the reader, especially in moral or political lessons	25
7767432389	Pedantic	precision, formalism, accuracy, and minute details in order to make an arrogant and ostentatious show of learning	26
7767432390	Homily	a religious sermon or type of discourse that is used for spiritual guidance	27
7767432391	Transition	words and phrases that provide a connection between ideas, sentences and paragraphs	28
7767432392	Syntax	abrupt change in grammatical or syntactical structure	29
7767432393	Ambiguity	word, phrase, or statement which contains more than one meaning	30
7767432394	Persona	mask of an actor, and is therefore etymologically linked to the dramatis personae which refers to the list of characters and cast in a play or a drama	31
7767432395	Counterargument	a viewpoint that opposes your main argument	32
7767432396	Concession	one acknowledges a point made by one's opponent	33
7767432397	Refutation	negation of an argument, opinion, testimony, doctrine, or theory, through contradicting evidence	34
7767432398	Narration	tells a story about subject to possibly enlighten readers or explain something	35
7767432399	Description	help readers understand subject through evidence of senses	36
7767432400	Example	explain subject with instances that show readers character or nature	37
7767432401	Comparison and Contrast	explain or evaluate subject by helping readers see the similarities and differences between it and another subject	38
7767432402	Process Analysis	inform readers how to do something or how it works—how a sequence of actions leads to result	39
7767432403	Division or Analysis	explain conclusion about subject by showing subject's parts and elements	40
7767432404	Classification	helps readers see order in subject by understanding kinds or groups it can be sorted into	41
7767432405	Cause and Effect	tells readers reasons for or consequences of your subject, explaining why or what if	42
7767432406	Definition	shows readers meaning of subject—its boundaries and distinctions from other subjects	43
7767432407	Argument and Persuasion	have readers consider opinion of subject and proposal	44
7767432408	Non Sequitur	illogical statement that draws conclusion not supported by premises	45
7767432409	Ad Hominem	appeals to feelings of audience	46
7767432410	Petito Principii	treats matters under debate as already established	47

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AP Literature: The Elements of Poetry Flashcards

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4262269334	lyric	subjective, reflective poetry with regular rhyme scheme and meter which reveals the poet's thoughts and feelings to create a single, unique impression	0
4262269335	narrative	nondramatic, objective verse with regular rhyme scheme and meter which relates a story or narrative	1
4262270661	sonnet	a rigid 14-line verse form, with variable structure and rhyme scheme according to type	2
4262272062	Shakespearean (English) sonnet	three quatrains and concluding couplet in iambic pentameter, rhyming abab cdcd and efef gg or abba cddc effe gg	3
4262273116	Italian (Petrarchan) sonnet	an octave and sestet, between which a break in thought occurs. the traditional rhyme scheme is abba abba cde cde	4
4262273117	ode	elaborate lyric verse which deals seriously with a dignified theme	5
4262273118	blank verse	unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter	6
4262274534	free verse	unrhymed lines without a regular rhythm	7
4262274535	epic	a long, dignified narrative poem which gives the account of a hero important to his nation or race	8
4262275676	dramatic monologue	a lyric poem in which the speaker tells an audience about a dramatic moment in his/her life and, in doing so, reveals his/her character	9
4262276874	elegy	a poem of lamenet, meditating on the death of an individual	10
4262276875	ballad	simple, narrative verse which tells a story to be sung or recited; the folk ballad is anonymously handed down, while the literary ballad has a single author	11
4262276876	idyll	lyric poetry describing the life of the shepherd in pastoral, bucolic, idealistic terms	12
4262276877	villanelle	a French verse form, strictly calculated to appear simple and spontaneous; five tercets and a final quatrain, rhyming aba aba aba aba aba abaa	13
4262278257	light verse	a general category of poetry written to entertain, such as lyric poetry, epigrams, and limericks. it can also have a serious side, as in parody or satire.	14
4262278258	haiku	Japanese verse in three lines of five, seven, and five syllables, often depicting a delicate image	15
4262278259	limerick	humorous nonsense-verse in five anapestic lines rhyming aabba. a-lines are trimeter and b-lines are dimeter	16
4262279114	meter	poetry's rhythm, or its pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables measured in feet	17
4262279115	iambic	unstressed, stressed ex: balloon	18
4262280587	trochaic	stressed, unstressed ex: soda	19
4262280588	anapestic	unstressed, unstressed, stressed ex: contradict	20
4262280589	dactyllic	stressed, unstressed, unstressed ex: maniac	21
4262281570	spondaic	stressed, stressed ex: man-made	22
4262283073	scansion	the analysis of these mechanical elements within a poem to determine meter	23
4262283074	stanza	lines made of metric feel identified by the number of lines they contain	24
4262284761	caesura	a pause in the meter or rhythm of a line	25
4262284762	enjambement	a run-on line, continuing into the next without a grammatical break	26
4262284763	rime	old spelling of rhyme, which is the repetition of like sounds at regular intervals,	27
4262432464	versification	the writing of verse	28
4262285490	end rhyme	rhyme occurring at the ends of verse lines; most common rhyme form	29
4262285491	internal rhyme	rhyme contained within a line of verse	30
4262285506	rhyme scheme	pattern of rhymes with a unit of verse; in analysis, each end rhyme-sound is represented by a letter	31
4262287141	masculine rhyme	rhyme in which only the last, accented syllable of the rhyming words correspond exactly in sound; most common kind of end rhyme	32
4262287142	feminine rhyme	rhyme in which two consecutive syllables of the rhyming words correspond, the first syllable carrying the accent; double rhyme	33
4262288563	half rhyme (slant rhyme)	imperfect, approximate rhyme	34
4262288564	assonance	repetition of two or more vowel sounds within a line	35
4262288565	consonance	repetition of two or more consonant sounds within a line	36
4262288566	alliteration	the repetition of one or more initial sounds, usually consonants, in words within a line	37
4262290182	onomatopoeia	the use of a word whose sound suggests its meaning	38
4262290183	euphony	the use of compatible, harmonious sounds to produce a pleasing, melodious effect	39
4262290184	cacophony	the use of inharmonious sounds in close conjunction for effect; opposite of euphony	40
4262291264	metaphor	a figure of speech which makes a direct comparison of two unlike objects by identification or substitution	41
4262291265	simile	a direct comparison of two unlike objects, using like or as	42
4262291266	conceit	an extended metaphor comparing two unlike objects with powerful effect (has roots in elaborate analogies in Petrarch and Metaphysical poets)	43
4262291267	personification	a figure of speech in which objects and animals have human qualities	44
4262292374	apostrophe	an address to a person or personified object not present	45
4262292375	metonymy	the substitution of a word which relates to the object or person to be named, in place of the name itself	46
4262294622	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part represents the whole object or idea	47
4262294623	hyperbole	gross exaggeration for effect: overstatement	48
4262294624	litote	a form of understatement in which the negative of an antonym used to achieve emphasis and intensity	49
4262295783	irony	the contrast between actual meaning and the suggestion of another meaning	50
4262295784	verbal irony	the contrast between meaning one thing and saying another	51
4262295785	dramatic irony	the contrast between what the speaker says and what he/she means OR what the speaker says and the author means	52
4262296990	situational irony	the contrast between when the reality of a situation differs from the anticipated or intended effect; when something unexpected occurs	53
4262296991	symbolism	the use of one object to suggest another, hidden object or idea	54
4262296992	imagery	the use of words to represent things, actions, or ideas by sensory description	55
4262297036	paradox	a statement which appears self-contradictory, but underlies basis of truth	56
4262298283	oxymoron	contradictory terms brought together to express a paradox for strong effect	57
4262298284	allusion	a reference to an outside fact, event, or other source	58
4262298285	tone	the author's attitude toward her/her audience and subject	59
4262299411	theme	the author's major idea or meaning	60
4262300494	dramatic situation	the circumstances of the speaker	61

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AP Language Flashcards

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5833312821	allusion	A reference to some famous literary work, historical figure, or event. For example, to say that a friend "has the patience of Job" means that he is as enduring as the Biblical figure of that name.	0
5833312822	antithesis	The use of parallel structure to call attention to contrasts or opposites: some like it hot; some like it cold; Brutus: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. Shakespeare, Julius Caesar	1
5833312823	argumentation	The writer's attempt to convince his reader to agree with him. It is based upon appeals to reason, evidence proving the argument, and sometimes emotion to persuade. Some attempt to merely prove a point, but others go beyond proving to inciting the reader to action. At the heart lies a debatable issue.	2
5833312824	coherence	The principle of clarity and logical adherence to a topic that binds together all parts of a composition.	3
5833312825	diction	Word choice. Determined by the audience and occasion of their writing.	4
5833312826	emphasis (emphatic force, emphatic strength)	A rhetorical principle that requires stress to be given to important elements in an essay at the expense of less important elements.	5
5833312827	figurative language	Said of a word or expression used in a nonliteral way. For example. The expression "to go the last mile" may have nothing at all to do with geographical distance, but may mean to complete an unfinished task or job.	6
5833312828	hyperbole	A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement.	7
5833312829	image/imagery	A phrase or expression that evokes a picture or describes a scene. An image may be either literal, in which case it is a realistic attempt to depict with words what something looks like, or figurative, in which case the expression is used that likens the thing described to something else (e.g., "My love is like a red, red rose.").	8
5833312830	irony	The use of language in such a way that apparent meaning contrasts sharply with the real meaning. One famous example (in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar) is Antony's description of Brutus as "an honorable man." Since Brutus was one of Caesar's assassins, Antony meant just the opposite. A softer form of sarcasm and shares with it the same contrast between apparent and real meaning.	9
5833312831	verbal irony	The words literally state the opposite of the writer's (or speaker's) true meaning.	10
5833312832	situational irony	Events turn out the opposite of what was expected. What the characters and readers think ought to happen is what does happen.	11
5833312833	dramatic irony	Facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work. Irony is used for many reasons, but frequently, it's used to create poignancy or humor.	12
5833312834	juxtaposition (contrast)	The arrangement of two or more ideas, phrases, words, etc. side-by-side or in similar narrative moments for the purpose of comparison, contrast, rhetorical effect, suspense, or character development.	13
5833312835	metaphor	A figurative image that implies the similarity between things otherwise dissimilar, as when the poet Robert Frost states "I have been acquainted with the night," meaning that he has survived despair.	14
5833312836	mood	The pervading impression made on the feelings of the reader. Can be gloomy, sad, joyful, bitter, frightening, and so forth.	15
5833312837	oxymoron "	From the Greek for "pointedly foolish," a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox. Simple examples include "jumbo shrimp" and "cruel kindness.	16
5833312838	pacing	The speed at which a piece of writing moves along.	17
5833312839	paradox	A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity. The first scene of Macbeth, for example, closes with the witches' cryptic remark "Fair is foul, and foul is fair."	18
5833312840	parallelism	The principle of coherent writing requiring that coordinating elements be given the same grammatical form, as in Daniel Webster's dictum, "I was born an American; I will live an American; I will die an American." In other words, it's use of similar grammatical structures or forms for pleasing effect	19
5833312841	parody	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. Can distort or exaggerate distinctive features of the original. As ridicule, it mimics the work by repeating and borrowing words, phrases, or characteristics in order to illuminate weaknesses in the original.	20
5833312842	personification	Attributing human qualities to objects, abstractions, or animals: "Tis beauty calls and glory leads the way."	21
5833312843	point of view	The perspective from which a piece of writing is developed. In nonfiction the it is usually the author's. In fiction it can be first- or third-person point of view. In the first-person, the author becomes part of the narration and refers to himself as "I." In the third-person the narrator simply observes the action of the story. Third-person narrative is either omniscient (when the narrator knows everything about all of the characters) or limited (when the narrator knows only those things that might be apparent to a sensitive observer.)	22
5833312844	repetition	By repeating words or ideas, the persuasive writer emphasizes their importance and lodges them firmly in the minds of the audience.	23
5833312845	rhetoric	The art of using persuasive language. The art of analyzing all the choices involving language that a writer, speaker, reader, or listener might make in a situation so that the text becomes meaningful, purposeful, and effective; the specific features of texts, written or spoken, that cause them to be meaningful, purposeful, and effective for readers or listeners in a situation.	24
5833312846	simile	A figure of speech which, like the metaphor, implies a similarity between things otherwise dissimilar. Uses like, as, than.	25
5833312847	Juvenalian satire .	sharp and biting satire	26
5833312848	style	The way a writer writes. The expression of an author's individuality through the use of words, sentence patterns, and selection of details Any of the choices writers make while writing—about diction, sentence length, structure, rhythm, and figures of speech—that make their work sound like them.	27
5833312849	ad hominem argument	An argument that attacks the integrity or character of an opponent rather than the merits of an issue. Latin for "to the man." It is also informally known as "mud-slinging."	28
5833312850	alliteration	The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables.	29
5833312851	analogy	- comparison that attempts to explain one idea or thing by likening it to another for the purpose of explaining or clarifying some unfamiliar or difficult idea or object by showing how the idea or object is similar to some familiar one.	30
5833312852	antimetabole	The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast.	31
5833312853	anecdote	A brief narrative offered in a text to capture the audience's attention or to support a generalization or claim.	32
5833312854	appeal to ethos	appeal to ethics	33
5833312855	appeal to logos	appeal to logic	34
5833312856	appeal to pathos	appeal to emotion, an appeal to feelings rather than to strict reason; a legitimate ploy in an argument as long as it is not excessively or exclusively used.	35
5833312857	causal relationship (cause-and-effect relationship)	The relationship expressing, "If X is the cause, then Y is the effect," or "If Y is the effect, then X caused it"—for example, "If the state builds larger highways, then traffic congestion will just get worse because more people will move to the newly accessible regions," or "If students plagiarize their papers, it must be because the Internet offers them such a wide array of materials from which to copy."	36
5833312858	colloquialism	a word or expression acceptable in informal usage but inappropriate in formal discourse. A given word may have a standard as well a colloquial meaning. Bug, for example, is standard when used to refer to an insect; when used to designate a virus, i.e. "She's at home recovering from a bug," the word is a colloquialism.	37
5833312859	connotation	the implication of emotional overtones of a word rather than its literal meaning. Lion, used in a literal sense, denotes a beast (see denotation). But to say that Winston Churchill had "the heart of a lion" is to use the connotative or implied meaning of lion.	38
5833312860	denotation	The specific and literal meaning of the word as found in the dictionary. Opposite of connotation.	39
5833312861	euphemism	From the Greek word for "good speech," a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept. May be used to adhere to standards of social or political correctness or to add humor or ironic understatement. Saying "earthly remains" rather than "corpse" is an example of euphemism.	40
5833312862	generalization	a statement that asserts some broad truth based upon a knowledge of specific cases.	41
5833312863	logical fallacy	Errors in reasoning used by speakers or writers, sometimes in order to dupe their audiences. Most logical fallacies are based on insufficient evidence ("All redheads are passionate lovers"); or irrelevant information ("Don't let him do the surgery; he cheats on his wife"); or faulty logic ("If you don't quit smoking, you'll die of lung cancer").	42
5833312864	Horatian satire	which is gentle and smiling satire	43
5833312865	qualification	The act of limiting an argument through qualifying expressions, such as few, it is possible, rarely, most, perhaps, often.	44
5833312866	red herring	A side issue introduced into an argument in order to distract from the main argument. It is a common device of politicians: "Abortion may be a woman's individual right, but have you considered the danger of the many germ-infested abortion clinics?" Here the side issue of the dirty clinics clouds the ethical issue of the right or wrong of having an abortion.	45
5833312867	sarcasm	From the Greek meaning "to tear flesh," involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something.	46
5833312868	satire	Often an attack on a person. Also the use of wit and humor in order to ridicule society's weaknesses so as to correct them. In literature, two types of satire have been recognized	47
5833312869	slanting	The characteristic of selecting facts, words, or emphasis to achieve a preconceived intent: Favorable intent: "Although the Senator looks bored, when it comes time to vote he is on the right side of the issue." Unfavorable intent: "The Senator may vote on the right side of the issues, but he always looks bored."	48
5833312870	subordination	Expressing in a dependent clause, phrase, or single word any idea that is not significant enough to be expressed in a main clause or an independent sentence.	49
5833312871	tone	In every writing, the reflection of the writer's attitude toward subject and audience. Can be personal, formal or informal, objective or subjective.	50
5833312872	understatement (also called litotes (LAHY tuh teez))	A way of deliberately representing something as less than it is in order to stress its magnitude.	51
5833312873	voice	The presence or the sound of self chosen by the author. Most good writing sounds like someone delivering a message. The aim in a good student writing is to sound natural. Of course, the itwill be affected by the audience and occasion for writing. Voice is closely related to style.	52
5833312874	ad populem argument	A fallacious argument that appeals to the passions and prejudices of a group rather than its reason. An appeal for instance, to support an issue because it's the "American Way" is an ad populem argument.	53
5833312875	allegory	The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. In some, for example, an author may intend the characters to personify an abstraction like hope or freedom. The symbolic meaning usually deals with moral truth or generalization about human existence.	54
5833312876	anaphora	the repetition of a group of words at the beginning of successive clauses	55
5833312877	aphorism	A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle. (If the authorship is unknown, the statement is generally considered to be a folk proverb.) Can be a memorable summation of the author's point. "Expect nothing. Live frugally on surprise." Alice Walker	56
5833312878	apostrophe	A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. The effect may add familiarity or emotional intensity. William Wordsworth addresses John Milton as he writes, "Milton, thou shouldst be living at this hour: England hath need of thee."	57
5833312879	claim	The ultimate conclusion, generalization, or point, backed up by support, of an argument.	58
5833312880	cliché	A stale image or expression, and the bane of good expository writing. "White as a ghost"	59
5833312881	comparison/contrast	A rhetorical mode used to develop essays that systematically match two items for similarities and differences.	60
5833312882	complex sentence	A sentence with one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.	61
5833312883	concrete	Said of words or terms denoting objects or conditions that are palpable, visible, or otherwise evident to the senses. Concrete is the opposite of abstract.	62
5833312884	epistrophe	The repetition of the same word or group of wards at the ends of successive clauses.	63
5833312885	evidence	The logical bases or supports for an assertion or idea.	64
5833312886	genre	The major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama.	65
5833312887	inversion	The reversal of the normal order of words in a sentence to achieve some desired effect, usually emphasis. Inversion is a technique long used in poetry, although most modern poets shun it as too artificial. For examples of inversion, see Shakespeare's "That Time of Year" (Sonnet 73).	66
5833312888	loose sentence	A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. If a period were placed at the end of the independent clause, the clause would be a complete sentence. A work containing many of these often seems informal, relaxed, and conversational.	67
5833312889	metonymy (mi-TAWN-a-me)	A term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name," a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. A news release that claims "the White House declared" rather than "the President declared" is using metonymy.	68
5833312890	periodic sentence	A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. This independent clause is preceded by a phrase of clause that cannot stand alone. For example: "Ecstatic with my AP scores, I let out a loud shout of joy!" The effect is to add emphasis and structural variety.	69
5833312891	rhetorical question	A question posed with no expectation of receiving an answer. This device is often used in public speaking in order to launch or further discussion: "Do you know what one of the greatest pains is? One of the greatest pains in human nature is the pain of a new idea."	70
5833312892	synecdoche (suh-NEK-duh-kee)	A part of something used to refer to the whole—for example, "50 head of cattle" referring to 50 complete animals	71
5833312893	syntax	The ordering of words into meaningful verbal patterns such as phrases, clauses, and sentences. Requires correct grammar as well as effective sentence patters, including unity, coherence, and emphasis.	72
5833312894	transition	Words, phrases, sentences, or even paragraphs that indicate connections between the writer's ideas. Provide landmarks to guide the reader from one idea to the next so that the reader will not get lost.	73
5833312895	unity	The characteristic of having all parts contribute to the overall effect. In writing, an essay or paragraph is described as having this when all sentences develop one idea. The worst enemy is irrelevant material. A good rule is to delete all sentences that do not advance or prove the thesis (in an essay) or the topic sentence (in a paragraph).	74

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Satire - AP Language Flashcards

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7984817525	satire	form of literature in which irony, sarcasm, and ridicule are employed to attack human vice and folly	0
7984822245	Horatian satire	gentle, amused, witty satire; mildly corrective	1
7984824191	Juvenalian satire	Formal satire in which the speaker attacks vice and error with contempt and indignation	2
7984827237	hyperbole	extreme exaggeration	3
7984829591	distortion	An exaggeration or stretching of the truth to achieve a desired effect.	4
7984831987	understatement	saying less than one means, for effect	5
7984833504	litotes	a type of understatement in which an idea is expressed by negating its opposite	6
7984837489	innuendo	(n.) a hint, indirect suggestion, or reference (often in a derogatory sense)	7
7984839602	euphemism	An indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant	8
7984876530	invective	abusive language	9
7984878732	oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.	10
7984882061	parable	(n.) a short narrative designed to teach a moral lesson	11
7984884410	allegory	A story in which each aspect of the story has a symbolic meaning outside the tale itself.	12
7984886286	sarcasm	harsh, cutting language or tone intended to ridicule	13
7984888507	verbal irony	A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant	14
7984888508	situational irony	what actually happens is the opposite of what is expected or appropriate	15
7984891682	dramatic irony	when a reader is aware of something that a character isn't	16
7984895236	vices	patterns of behavior that are harmful to one's self or others	17
7984899067	follies	lack of good sense; foolishness	18

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AP Literature Vocab Flashcards

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5688198742	adroit	adj, skillful detroit	0
5688215846	recalcitrant	adj, resisting authority recall the rant	1
5688230503	euphemism	noun, a gentle rephrasing you've missed him	2
5688272310	obdurate	adj, stubborn or unyielding bob, you're it	3
5688283067	lascivious	adj, lewd and lustful lacey views	4
5688289714	obseqious	adj, servile, doing as told job seeking us	5
5688750642	existentialism	noun, a philosophy that stresses freedom of choices and the responsibility of consequences exist in prison	6
5688785557	salacious	adj, obscene, whether in conduct, writing or painting sell-a-cuss	7
5688792421	litigious	adj, inclined to sue lettuce juice	8
5688808671	bucolic	adj, rural, rustic boo! cow lick!	9
5688815663	maladroit	adj, awkward, unskilled mal = bad	10
5688820868	cognizant	adj, to be aware cloggin' aunt	11
5688870926	facile	adj, able to act or perform with ease fast mile	12
5688877856	panacea	noun, cure-all, universal remedy pangaea	13
5688884563	sycophant	noun, a flatterer, a suck up (unpleasant) psychofan	14
5688896246	dissident	noun, individual who publically disagrees with an established religious or political system diss the dent	15
5688915233	paucity	noun, poor supply, scarcity poor city	16
5688922841	pernicious	adj, malicious, causing great harm, destruction, and death person vicious	17
5688934807	pacifist	noun, individual who doesn't believe in war or violence as an another peace! no first!	18
5688951757	vacuous	adj, empty-handed, without substance vaccuum bus	19
5688960467	ebullient	adj, high spirited, exuberant the bull tent	20
5688973180	inculcate	verb, to teach through persistent urging and repetition input date	21
5688983884	insidious	adj, slowly destructive inside of us	22
5688993307	messianic	adj, describes someone who is meant to be a liberator or a savior messy panic	23
5689003510	phlegmatic	adj, apathetic, sluggish leg at it	24
5689011743	dogmatic	adj, opinionated in an arrogant manner with an air of authority dog mat? ick	25
5689022062	kinetic	adj, having to do with motion ken can kick	26
5689030253	nihilism	noun, philosophy that preaches the abandonment of laws end of it	27
5689043187	endemic	adj, peculiar to a particular place, nation, race, sect, etc. end of it	28
5689061963	plethora	noun, overabundance or excess of anything plea the...more	29

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