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AP World History Flashcards

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4795671806Agricultural RevolutionA signifigant change in agricultural that occurs when there in discoveries, inventions, or new technologies that change production.0
4795671807AnimismThe worldview that nonhuman entities- such as animals, plants, and maninate objects- posses a spiritual essence.1
4795671808ArableUsed or suitable for growing crops; arable land or crops.2
4795671809AristocracyThe highest class in certain societies, especially those holding heredity titles or offices.3
4795671810AsceticismServe self-dicipline and avpidance of all forms of indulgence typically for religious reasons.4
4795671811AutonomyThe condition of being autonomous; self government or the right to self govern.5
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AP Literature Terms Flashcards

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4788332608Active voiceOne of the two "voices" of verbs ( see also passive voice). When the verb of a sentence is in the activevoice, the subject is doing the acting, as in the sentence "Kevin hit the ball." Kevin (the subject of thesentence) acts in relation to the ball.0
4788332609Allegorya story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one (i.e. the Crucible is an allegory for McCarthyism)1
4788332610Alliterationthe use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of words in a sentence, especially in poetry2
4788332611Allusiona brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance. It does not describe in detail the person or thing to which it refers. It is just a passing comment and the writer expects the reader to possess enough knowledge to spot the allusion and grasp its importance in a text. For instance, you make a literary allusion the moment you say, "I do not approve of this quixotic idea," Quixotic means stupid and impractical derived from Cervantes's "Don Quixote", a story of a foolish knight and his misadventures.3
4788332612Anachronismderived from Greek; means "misplaced in time"—something (such as a word, an object, or an event) that is mistakenly placed in a time where it does not belong in a story4
4788332613Analogya comparison between two situations, processes, things etc. that is intended to show that the two are similar5
4788332614Anaphorarepetition of a word or expression at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, sentences, or verses especially for rhetorical or poetic effect. Lincoln's "we cannot dedicate—we cannot consecrate—we cannot hallow—this ground" is an example of anaphora.6
4788332615Anastrophedeliberate changing of word order for emphasis. Ex: Bright he was not. (Normally, He was not bright.)7
4788332616Anticlimaxwhen an action produces far smaller results than one had been led to expect8
4788332617Antiheroa protagonist who is markedly unheroic: morally weak, cowardly, dishonest, etc.9
4788332618Antithesisa rhetorical opposition or contrast of ideas by means of grammatical arrangement of words, clauses or sentences. Ex: "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness. . ." and "Agree to disagree."10
4788332619Aphorisma brief statement of an opinion or elemental truth. "Vision is the art of seeing the invisible." -Jonathan Swift11
4788332620ApostropheIn literature, apostrophe is a figure of speech sometimes represented by exclamation "O". A writer or a speaker, using an apostrophe, detaches himself from the reality and addresses an imaginary character in his speech.12
4788332621Archetypea recurring pattern of situation, character or symbol existing universally and instinctively13
4788332622Asidea speech (usually just a short comment) made by an actor to the audience, as though momentarily stepping outside of the action on stage14
4788332623AssonanceAssonance takes place when two or more words close to one another repeat the same vowel sound but start with different consonant sounds. For instance, "Men sell the wedding bells."15
4788332624AsyndetonAsyndeton is derived from a Greek word asyndeton which means unconnected. It is a stylistic device used in literature and poetry to intentionally eliminate conjunctions between the phrases and in the sentence, yet maintain the grammatical accuracy. This literary tool helps in reducing the indirect meaning of the phrase and presents it in a concise form.16
4788332625Ballada long, narrative poem, usually in very regular meter and rhyme; typically has a naive folksy quality17
4788332626Bathosrefers to an abrupt and often ludicrous transition from the elevated to the ordinary (a form of anticlimax), or to an excessively sentimental demonstration of pathos. The word bathos (adjective form, bathetic) almost always has a negative connotation.18
4788332627Bildungsromana novel about the early years of somebody's life, exploring the development of his or her character and personality; a "coming of age tale"19
4788332628Blank versea literary device defined as un-rhyming verse written in iambic pentameter. In poetry and prose, it has a consistent meter with 10 syllables in each line (pentameter); where, unstressed syllables are followed by stressed ones and five of which are stressed but do not rhyme. It is also known as un-rhymed iambic pentameter.20
4788332629Cacophonya harsh, discordant mixture of sounds21
4788332630Caesurain modern prosody : a usually rhetorical break in the flow of sound in the middle of a line of verse; Greek & Latin prosody a break in the flow of sound in a verse caused by the ending of a word within a foot22
4788332631Carpe dieman aphorism (a concise statement containing a subjective truth or observation cleverly and pithily written) usually translated "seize the day", taken from a poem written in the Odes in 23 BC by the Latin poet Horace23
4788332632Catharsisthe "cleansing" of emotion an audience member experiences, having lived (vicariously) through the experiences presented on stage24
4788332633Chiasmusa rhetorical device in which two or more clauses are balanced against each other by the reversal of their structures in order to produce an artistic effect. Let us try to understand chiasmus with the help of an example "Never let a Fool Kiss You or a Kiss Fool You."25
4788332634Climaxthe point of highest tension in a plot26
4788332635Colloquialismword or phrase used in everyday conversational English that isn't a part of accepted "schoolbook" English27
4788332636Connotationan additional sense or senses associated with or suggested by a word or phrase.28
4788332637Conceitan imaginative poetic image, or writing that contains such an image, especially a comparison that is extreme or far-fetched; a startling or unusual metaphor, or a metaphor developed and expanded upon over several lines29
4788332638Consonancerefers to repetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence or phrase. This repetition often takes place in quick succession such as in pitter, patter30
4788332639Couplettwo lines of poetry that are next to each other31
4788332640Denotationliteral or dictionary meanings of a word in contrast to its connotative or associated meanings.32
4788332641Dialectthe language used by the people of a specific area, class, district or any other group of people.33
4788332642Dictionword choice of the speaker or author34
4788332643Elegya formal meditative poem or lament for the dead35
4788332644EllipsesThe deliberate omission of a word or words readily implied by context36
4788332645Enjambmentthe continuation of a syntactic unit from one line or couplet of a poem to the next with no pause37
4788332646Epica very long narrative poem on a serious theme in a dignified style38
4788332647Epistrophea stylistic device that can be defined as the repetition of phrases or words at the end of the clauses or sentences. It is also called epiphora. "(This) government of the people, by the people, and for the people shall not perish from the earth." -Abraham Lincoln39
4788332648Epistolary novelAn epistolary novel is a novel written as a series of documents. The usual form is letters, although diary entries, newspaper clippings and other documents are sometimes used.40
4788332649Epitaphlines that commemorate the dead at their burial place; may be written on a tombstone or spoken at a funeral41
4788332650Ethosthe ethical appeal, means to convince an audience of the author's credibility or character. An author would use ethos to show to his audience that he is a credible source and is worth listening to. Ethos is the Greek word for "character." The word "ethic" is derived from ethos.42
4788332651Euphemisma word or phrase used in place of a term that might be considered too direct, harsh, unpleasant, or offensive43
4788332652Euphonypleasing, harmonious sounds like "s" and "r"44
4788332653Farcea play or movie in which people get involved in silly or unlikely situations that are intended to make you laugh45
4788332654Foila character that shows qualities that are in contrast with the qualities of another character with the objective to highlight the traits of the other character. The term foil, though generally being applied for a contrasting character, may also be used for any comparison that is drawn to portray a difference between two things. Example: Unferth is the foil to Beowulf.46
4788332655Foota basic unit of rhythm in poetry, made up of a fixed combination of stressed and unstressed or long and short syllables47
4788332656Foreshadowingan event or statement in a narrative that suggests, in miniature, a larger event that comes later48
4788332657Free versepoetry that is free from limitations of regular meter or rhythm and does not rhyme with fixed forms49
4788332658Genrea subcategory of literature50
4788332659Gothic novelgloomy and suspenseful novels popular in the 18th century; a subset of Romantic literature51
4788332660Hubristhe excessive pride or ambition that leads to the main character's downfall52
4788332661Hyperbolea figure of speech, which involves an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis53
4788332662Imageryto use figurative language to represent objects, actions and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses.54
4788332663In medias resstraight in or into the middle of a sequence of events, especially in a literary narrative that has no introduction55
4788332664Ironya figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words. It may also be a situation that may end up in quite a different way than what is generally anticipated. In simple words, it is a difference between the appearance and the reality56
4788332665Verbal ironyUsually figure of speech, where what is said is the opposite of what is meant.57
4788332666Dramatic ironyThe audience knows something that the character does not.58
4788332667Situational ironySomething happens in a situation that is different from what was expected.59
4788332668Jargona use of specific phrases and words by writers in a particular situation, profession or trade. These specialized terms are used to convey hidden meanings accepted and understood in that field.60
4788332669Juxtapositiona literary technique in which two or more ideas, places, characters and their actions are placed side by side in a narrative or a poem for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts61
4788332670Kenninga compound expression in Old English and Old Norse poetry with metaphorical meaning, usually consisting of 2 words (usually nouns) and often hyphenated; e.g., oar-steed = ship, life-liquid = blood62
4788332671Litotesa form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis Ex: He is not a bad dancer.63
4788332672Logosthe appeal to logic, means to convince an audience by use of logic or reason. To use logos would be to cite facts and statistics, historical and literal analogies, and citing certain authorities on a subject. Logos is the Greek word for "word." The word "logic" is derived from logos.64
4788332673Lyric (poem)poetry which expresses personal emotions or feelings, typically spoken in the first person.65
4788332674Malapropisma use of an incorrect word in place of a similar sounding word that results in a nonsensical and humorous expression.66
4788332675Metaphora figure of speech which makes an implicit, implied or hidden comparison between two things or objects that are poles apart from each other but have some characteristics common between them.67
4788332676Metera rhythm of accented and unaccented syllables which are organized into patterns, called feet.68
4788332677Metonymya figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else with which it is closely associated.69
4788332678Metric linea line named according to the number of feet composing it (such as iambic)70
4788332679Motifa phrase, idea, event or image that, through repetition, serves to unify or convey a theme in a literary work71
4788332680Non sequitura statement or idea that does NOT follow logically from the one before72
4788332681Octaveeight poetic lines73
4788332682Odea poem written for or about a particular person, thing, or event (Ode to Joy)74
4788332683Onomatopoeiaa word, which imitates the natural sounds of a thing. It creates a sound effect that mimics the thing described, making the description more expressive and interesting75
4788332684Oxymorona phrase composed of opposites; a contradiction. Ex: "jumbo shrimp"76
4788332685Paradoxa statement that appears to be self-contradictory or silly but may include a latent truth77
4788332686Parallelismthe use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same; or similar in their construction, sound, meaning or meter78
4788332687Panegyricextravagant praise delivered in formal speech or writing79
4788332688Parodyan imitation of a particular writer, artist or a genre, exaggerating it deliberately to produce a comic effect80
4788332689Passive Voicethe opposite of active voice; used when something happens to someone. Example: "Sam was choked by the assailant" rather than "The assailant choked Sam" (the first is passive voice and the second is active voice). Use of passive voice indicates that Sam is the important character in the sentence. Essays should be written in active voice rather than passive.81
4788332690Pastoralpastoral poems are set in beautiful rural landscapes82
4788332691Pathetic Fallacythe attribution of human feelings and responses to inanimate things or animals, especially in art and literature. Generally, Pathetic fallacy is confused with personification. The fact is that they differ in their function. Pathetic fallacy is a kind of personification that gives human emotions to inanimate objects of nature for example referring to weather features reflecting a mood. Personification, on the other hand, is a broader term. It gives human attributes to abstract ideas, animate objects of nature or inanimate non-natural objects. For example, the sentence "The somber clouds darkened our mood" is a pathetic fallacy as human attributes are given to an inanimate object of nature reflecting a mood. But, "The sparrow talked to us" is a personification because the animate object of nature "sparrow" is given the human quality of "talking".83
4788332692Pathosthe emotional appeal, means to persuade an audience by appealing to their emotions. Authors use pathos to invoke sympathy from an audience; to make the audience feel what what the author wants them to feel. Pathos is the Greek word for both "suffering" and "experience." The words empathy and pathetic are derived from pathos.84
4788332693Pentametera verse with five poetic feet per line; 10 syllables85
4788332694Personificationgiving non-human things human characteristics86
4788332695Plocea rhetorical term used for one of the most commonly used figures of stress—it means repeating a word within the same line or clause. Example: "Make war upon themselves: blood against blood / Self against self" -William Shakespeare87
4788332696Point of viewthe mode of narration that an author employs to let the readers "hear" and "see" what takes place in a story, poem, essay etc.88
4788332697Polysyndeton; a stylistic device in which several coordinating conjunctions are used in succession in order to achieve an artistic effect; example"And Joshua, and all of Israel with him, took Achan the son of Zerah, and the silver, and the garment, and the wedge of gold, and his sons, and his daughters, and his oxen, and his asses, and his sheep, and his tent, and all that he had." (The Bible)89
4788332698Puna play on words in which a humorous effect is produced by using a word that suggests two or more meanings or by exploiting similar sounding words having different meanings90
4788332699Quatraina four line poem or four line unit of a longer poem91
4788332700Refraina repeated line in a poem or song at regular intervals92
4788332701Repetitionthe repeating of a word or phrase for emphasis; often appears in poetry and sometimes reinforces or even substitutes for meter93
4788332702Rhymethe echo or imitation of a sound; a rhyme scheme is a regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem; internal rhyme occurs within a line of poetry; end rhyme occurs when the last word of each line rhymes; slant or half rhyme occurs when two words sound close but not exactly alike (such as grace/haste); perfect rhyme (time/lime)94
4788332703Rhythma literary device which demonstrates the long and short patterns through stressed and unstressed syllables particularly in verse form.95
4788332704Satirea technique employed by writers to expose and criticize foolishness and corruption of an individual or a society by using humor, irony, exaggeration or ridicule96
4788332705Sestetlast 6 lines of a sonnet97
4788332706Sestinaa poem with six stanzas of six lines and a final triplet, all stanzas having the same six words at the line-ends in six different sequences that follow a fixed pattern, and with all six words appearing in the closing three-line envoi98
4788332707Settingwhere a story, poem, or other work takes place99
4788332708Shifta change in setting (place or time), tone, or speakers; identifying shifts in poetry is important for determining the overall purpose and tone of the poem; rhetorical shift is the change of attitude when using words in a conversation100
4788332709Similea figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things. Unlike a metaphor, a simile draws resemblance with the help of the words "like" or "as". Therefore, it is a direct comparison.101
4788332710Soliloquya popular literary device often used in drama to reveal the innermost thoughts of a character. It is a great technique used to convey the progress of action of the play by means of expressing a character's thoughts about a certain character or past, present or upcoming event while talking to himself without acknowledging the presence of any other person. (Hamlet)102
4788332711Sonnet14 line poem103
4788332712Petrarchan or Italian sonnetuses two rhymes for the octave - the pattern is either a-b-a-b, a-b-a-b or a-b-b-a, a-b-b-a - and two or three rhymes for the sestet - the pattern is either c-d-e, c-d-e or c-d-c-d-c-d or c-d-c, c-d-c.104
4788332713Shakespearean or English sonnetfollows the pattern a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g.105
4788332714Spenserian sonnetfollows the pattern a-b-a-b, b-c-b-c, c-d-c-d, e-e.106
4788332715Stanzaa stanza is a division of four or more lines having a fixed length, meter or rhyming scheme.107
4788332716Suspension of disbeliefthe demand made of a theater audience to accept the limitations of staging and supply the details with imagination; the acceptance on an audience's or reader's part of the incidents of plot in a play or story108
4788332717Symbola device in literature where an object represents an idea109
4788332718Synecdochea literary device in which a part of something represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part.110
4788332719Themea main idea or an underlying meaning of a literary work which may be stated directly or indirectly.111
4788332720Thesisthe main position of an argument; the central contention that will be supported112
4788332721Tragic flawin a tragedy, this is the weakness of character in an otherwise good (or even great) individual that ultimately leads to his demise113
4788332722Vernacularthe common language of the people114
4788332723Versesingle line of poetry115
4788332724Villanellepoetic form calculated to appear simple and spontaneous but consisting of nineteen lines and a prescribed pattern of rhyme116
4788332725Zeugmaa figure of speech in which a word, usually a verb or an adjective, applies to more than one noun, blending together grammatically and logically different ideas. For instance, in a sentence "John lost his coat and his temper", the verb "lost" applies to both noun "coat" and "temper". Losing a coat and losing temper are logically and grammatically different ideas that are brought together in the above-mentioned sentence.117
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AP Literature Flashcards

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4766600331Asceticismnoun. practicing strict self-denial as a measure of personal and especially spiritual discipline.0
4766602435Dintnoun. force; power.1
4766605346Envoynoun. a minister plenipotentiary accredited to a foreign government who ranks between an ambassador and a minister resident.2
4766606367DefrayTransitive Verb. to provide for the payment of.3
4766607827Crassadj. having or indicating such grossness of mind as precludes delicacy and discrimination.4
4766609052Beguileverb. to lead by deception.5
4766610302AllocateTransitive Verb. to apportion for a specific purpose or to particular persons or things.6
4766611378EnjoinsTransitive Verb. to direct or impose by authoritative order or with urgent admonition.7
4766612165OscillateIntransitive Verb. a: to swing backward and forward like a pendulum b: to move or travel back and forth between two points.8
4766614284Interlopernoun. an illegal or unlicensed trader.9
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AP World History Periods Flashcards

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4763452060Period 1 8000-600 BCETechnological and environmental transformations0
4763453878Period 2 600 BCE-600 CEOrganization and reorganization of human societies1
4763454872Period 3 600-1450Regional and interregional interactions2
4763457762Period 4 1450-1750Global interactions3
4763458287Period 5 1750-1900Industrialization and global integration4
4763459613Period 6 1900-presentAccelerating global change and realignments5
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AP Flashcards

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4745661702absolute uncertainty绝对误差0
4745664377absorptivity吸收性1
4745665385accuracy精确度2
4745665903actinide锕系元素3
4745666303activity series活性顺序4
4745668234allotrope同素异形体5
4745673543amorphous无定形的6
4745673831amphiprotic两性的7
4745674115amphoteric两性的8
4745674375anhydride脱水物9
4745675109aryl group芳基10
4745676327autoionization自电离11
4745866933azimuthal quantum number角量子数12
4745676584barometer气压计13
4745677050binary acid二元酸14
4745678127chain reaction链式反应15
4745678529charge to mass ratio荷质比16
4745678785chelate螯合物17
4745679588coefficient协同因素18
4745680306cohesive force粘合力19
4745681048colligative properties依数性20
4745681728complex络合物21
4745682694condensed state凝聚态22
4745683181cyclotron回旋加速器23
4745844015dependent variable因变量24
4745684678dextrorotatory右旋的25
4745684892diamagnetic反磁性的26
4745685838dimensional analysis量纲分析27
4745686061dimer二聚物28
4745687281electromotive force电动势29
4745687604electron affinity电子亲合能30
4745848406electroneutrality电中性31
4745687791electron negativity电负性32
4745689804enthalpy焓33
4745689948entropy熵34
4745690385escape energy逸出功35
4745690638esterification酯化反应36
4745691031EDTA乙二胺四乙酸37
4745691282eudiometer量气管38
4745695707free energy自由能39
4745696848free radical自由基40
4745697284functional group官能团41
4745697285galvanic cell原电池42
4745699407halogenation卤化反应43
4745700270heat of fusion熔化热44
4745700512heat of vaporization汽化热45
4745839779heat of formation生成热46
4745840546homologous series同系物47
4745840759hybrid orbital杂化轨道48
4745843237independent variable自变量49
4745844876indeterminate error不定误差50
4745845860induced dipole诱导偶极51
4745846323infrared红外线52
4745847106intermediate中间物53
4745847676lanthanide镧系元素54
4745847819lattice晶格55
4745848921leveling effect拉平效应56
4745849621levorotary左旋的57
4745867895magnetic quantum number磁量子数58
4745850434manometer压力计59
4745851535meniscus弯液面60
4745852348metastaable亚稳态的61
4745857552octet rule八隅体规则62
4745857719olefin烯烃63
4745858449optical isomer光学异构体64
4745858832optical path length光程65
4745859738osmosis渗透作用66
4745860350oxoacid含氧酸67
4745861279paraffin石蜡68
4745861541parallax error判读误差69
4745861707paramagnetic顺磁性的70
4745862423permanganate高锰酸盐71
4745862697phase diagram相图72
4745863676polarizability极化率73
4745863981positron正电子74
4745861982ppb十亿分之一75
4745861983ppm百万分之一76
4745867534principle quantum number主量子数77
4745865177pycnometer比重瓶78
4745865643qualitative定性的79
4745865791quantitative定量的80
4745868777racemic外消旋的81
4745868337spin quantum number自旋量子数82
4745869251radioactive disintegration放射性衰变83
4745869416radioactive isotope放射性同位素84
4745869815reagent blank空白试剂85
4745870702redox reaction氧化还原反应86
4745871140reference electrode参比电极87
4745871311relative uncertainty相对误差88
4745871960resonance structure共振结构89
4745873528significant figure有效数字90
4745873690slope斜率91
4745875021spectrophotometer分光光度计92
4745875749spontaneity自发性93
4745876441supercritical fluid超临界流体94
4745876650supernatant上清液95
4745879383teflon聚四氟乙烯96
4745877461transuranium铀后元素97
4745877976ultraviolet紫外线98
4745878452viscosity黏度99
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Ap world history Flashcards

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4399847041CuneiformFirst example of writing; Sumerian0
4399847042ZigguratsSumerian buildings of worship1
4399847043PatriarchalMen dominating family and public life2
4399847044PharoahKing of Egypt3
4399847045PolytheistsWorshippers of many gods4
4399847046HieroglyphicsEgyptian picture writing5
4399847047VedasAryan oral epics6
4399847048VarnaAryan society classes based on skin color7
4399847049KshatriyasWarriors and rulers8
4399847050BrahminsPriests9
4399847051VaisyasMerchants and farmers10
4399847052SudrasCommon workers11
4399847053UntouchablesInvolved in occupations perceived as distasteful12
4399847054JatiAryan subcastes13
4399847055Mandate of heaven14
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AP WORLD HISTORY CRAM REVIEW Flashcards

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4397434455marco polo: what was the time period where did he travel who was he introduced totraveled from italy to china china india and arabia (*china) kublai khan; friendly to eachother0
4397434456who was the common enemy of the mongols and western europe? what was the historical event that showed thismuslims crusades tried to recapture jerusalem mongols attacked abbasid empire *diplomatic relations between mongols and christians - renewed use of silk road (pax mongolia)1
4397434457mongols failed to conquervietnam cambodia java and japan2
4397434458what was the decline of the mongolsperisia and china; financial russia;lasted longer3
4397434459ottoman empire government who destroyed ottoman forces (not empire)tamerlane4
4397434460mehemed did whatcaptured constantinople > istanbul5
4397434461where is ghana what religion spread (750-1250) who used trans saharan trade more mali or ghanawest africa islam mali6
4397434462wher did ibn battuta traveltraveled to india, swahili city states (east africa) didnt like syncretic belief7
4397434463east african culture bantus brought?iron agriculture and complex socieiteis8
4397434464what were crusadesattempts to recapture palestine and jerusalem9
4397434465what were effects of crusades religion: goods: power: weakened:europe introduced to greco-roman culture which was preserved in byzantine silk rice glass and coffee increased trade weakened byzantine, fuedal nobles and papal power/church10
4397434466chinampas were fromaztecs11
4397434467what empire based on military conqueset in peruincas12
4397434468what did the sufis focus on and who did they convertpersonal relationship with allah- not as strict people in india, subsaharan africa and se asians13
4397434469what did muslims introduce to sub saharan africafruits rice cotton and sugarcane , crusaders also brought sugarcane back w them to europe14
4397434470bubonic plague origin and spread, effectsouthwestern asia to europe 1/3 of europe killed disrupt trade15
4397434471ming centralized by who who were eunuchs economic recoveryhongwu; direct rule, reestablished civil service eunuchs; increased power of central government rebuilt irrigation, agricultural surplus, manufactured goods , demanded tribute from surrounding states16
4397434472zheng he was what religion where did he travelislamic se asia, india, persian gulf, arabia, e africa17
4397434473trans saharan tradeghana mali and songhai- connected mediterranean basin to sub saharan africa18
4397434474arab conquerers established _____ in north africa and conquered ____ in w africa and converted leaders of ___islam ghana mali and songhai19
4397434475gold slaves and ivory from the ___ were exchanged for cloth horses salt from __south north20
4397434476Indian Ocean Trade traded whate african gold iron and ivory china; silk and porcelain india; pepper21
4397434477_____ controlled trade in 16th centuryportugal22
4397434478the ___ had porcelain monopolytang23
4397434479the mongols diffused ___ to persia and southwest asiagunpowder24
4397434480bartholemeu diazcape of good hope (southern tip of africa)25
4397434481vasco de gama(portugal) east coast of africa and india gave euros access to ____ built trading post in __asian spice market calicut (india)26
4397434482ferdinand megellanfirst euro to cross pacific ocean27
4397434483where were english and dutch trading postsenglish;india dutch; south africa to southeast asia28
4397434484hernan cortez conquered the ____aztec29
4397434485spanish conquest of manilalittle resistance , marked birth of world trade, opened silver mines in peru and mexico30
4397434486opened silver mines in peru and mexico led todemand for silver in china31
4397434487columbian exchange main disease main goodsinfluenza maize potatoes to euro africa and asia wheat pigs goats and chickens in americas32
4397434488spanish colonial america overseen by a ___ north american colonies were founded by ____viceroy private investors33
4397434489mita system by the __ for __incans military , public work projects and roads34
4397434490encomienda = modified mita , very harsh people died and led to need for ___ used for ppl to ___ encomaderos responsible for slaves ___ what was the christian missionary reaction to itafrican slaves mine silver and gold health safety and catholic conversion missionaries were appaled and tried to stop it35
4397434491seven years war was the first "___" , resulted inworld war british hegemony36
4397434492SUGAR; which was more successful in drafting natives to labor needs in brazil : Portuguese or spanishspanish37
4397434493songhaiin africa, after mali, sunni ali expanded,(timbuktu) , trade, mosques for education38
4397434494kingdom of kongo converted to __ from the __christianity, portugese kongo fall due to portuguese39
4397434495slavery in africa : ___ merchants traded slaves across europe, the middle east, and indiamuslim40
4397434496atlantic slave trade, 1500s, aka triangular trade, linked ____, majority of slaves from _ and ___ africaeuro africa and americas west and central41
4397434497effect on population of africa from slave tradepopulation increased42
4397434498____ led to intertribal warfare in africa from dissolution of once powerful kingdomsatlantic slave trade43
4397434499martin luther was from ___ and wrote the ____, ideas spread with the ___germany ninety five theses44
4397434500___ believed faith in god alone would get into heaven, no one can pardon their sinsmartin luther45
4397434501english henry viii established the ____ churchanglican46
4397434502council of trent sought to reform what?roman catholic church47
4397434503who conquered hungary in 1526ottoman turks48
4397434504thirty years war peace negotiationpeace of westphalia49
4397434505peace of westphalia weakend what empireholy roman empire50
4397434506how did peace of westphalia effect germany and prussiaprussia was the most powerful germany was given its independence51
4397434507beginning of the nation state in europe; sovereign states were given the authority to govern themselvesfrom peace of westphalia52
4397434508worry about balance of power resulted from peace of westphalialed to alliances being formed53
4397434509divine right associates with ___absolutism54
4397434510___ dominated euro countries during the 16th and 17th centuries(political system)absolutism55
4397434511who was the first country to challenge absolute authority of the monarchengland56
4397434512who was the king that established the church of england; voiding popes authorityhenry viii57
4397434513act of supremacymonarch head of anglican church; henry viii58
4397434514king gained control of church wealthhenry viii; wanted to marry without the churches approval59
4397434515louis xiv left france in what condition and whydebt bc war, also had no religious protection to frances protestants60
4397434516english civil war led to a ___ influenced by ___ writingsconstitutional monarchy , john locke61
4397434517montesquiebalance of power62
4397434518voltairefree speech and religious toleration63
4397434519john lockenatural rights64
4397434520ming acception of missionarieswelcoming but missionaries were unsuccessfull65
4397434521ming dynasty effect on womandiscouraged foot binding and remarrying BUT confucian traditions -- tighter control than previously66
4397434522ming economic growthfood from americas67
4397434523englightened despots ; maria theresa and catherine the gr8built schools and hospitals68
4397434524deismgod is powerful in the creation of the universe but rules by natural laws69
4397434525___- required taxes be payed in silver where1570- china70
4397434526silver went from ___ to china resulting in enormous profits for spain and japanjapan and americas71
4397434527ottoman leader known for religious tolerancesuleyman the magnificent`72
4397434528ottoman conflict withsafavid73
4397434529decline of safavidstronger russia and mughal conflict with ottoman74
4397434530islamic empire , golden age, taj mahalmughal empire75
4397434531akbar the great eliminated the __ modernized the __jizya > more hindu rights army76
4397434532sepoy rebellionbritish took control of trade and replaced mughals as ruling authority in india77
4397434533after mongols in russiaeliminated authority of local princes centralized authority ivan claimed divine right moscow capital78
4397434534romanovautocratic rule eastern orthodox church russification79
4397434535how did peter the great affect womens rightswomen extended more freedoms80
4397434536catherine the greatenlightened despot controlled poland, ottoman empire some land, and alaska81
4397434537who invented caravelportuguese82
4397434538origins of industrial revolution, why did it begin in englandnatural resources (coal) canal and easy navigable rivers wealthy individuals captialistic government83
4397434539what was the first industry to industrializetextile84
4397434540price of consumer goods ___ during industrial revolutiondecreased85
4397434541political and economic effects of industrializationlegislation protecting workers;minimum wage unions formed86
4397434542adam smith policylaissez faire in wealth of nations, capitalism87
4397434543continential congress tooversee anti british actions88
4397434544declaration of independence provided the colonists with a justification for what what was their argumentseeking independence from the crown the govt is based on consent of the governed and the purpose of govt is to protect and secure the rights of its citezins89
4397434545american revolution aided by whofrench90
4397434546causes of the french revolutionmeeting to raise taxes (louis xvi) bc of domestic and foreign spending91
4397434547each of the three estates got one vote to improve social economic and political reforms, third estate broke away from who and what did they declare themselvesbroke away from estates general and declared themselves the national assembly92
4397434548declaration of rights and man what was the sloganlife liberty and fraternity93
4397434549new constitution in france led toanother new constitution and the end of the national assembly94
4397434550gave the ___ the power to govern which abolished the monarchyconvention95
4397434551___ seized control and the committee of public safety was createdradicals96
4397434552_____ led the jacobins who killed anyone with antievolutionary thoughtmaximillen robespierre97
4397434553napoleon named himself emporer and conquerer and restored what type of govtmonarchy98
4397434554napoleon had religious toleration true or falsetrue99
4397434555napoleon gave equality to __all adult men100
4397434556France invasion of russiadisaster because of the winter101
4397434557napoleons enemies led by the british forced whatforced napoleon into exile102
4397434558congress of viennarestore back to prior french revolution reestablished boundaries limit nationalistic desires103
4397434559how did the creoles feel towards the priveldge of the peninsularesresentful of their power104
4397434560when did spanish and portugese colonies gain independenceearly 1800s during napoleans invasion of europe105
4397434561miguel hidalgo gathered who togethergathered the indigenous and mestizo populations of mexico and simon bolivar a creole who fought against spanish rule in south america106
4397434562simon bolivarcreole of south america who led revolutionary movement against spanish rule107
4397434563who did simon bolivar win independence forvenezuela, columbia, ecuador, peru and bolivia108
4397434564gran columbia wanted bysimion bolivar109
4397434565napoleon sent french troops to ___ to put down the revolthaiti110
4397434566in some plantations in ___ there were a lot of women workershaiti111
4397434567free people of color often owned slaves of their own in ___haiti112
4397434568conservatism sought whatwanted to go back to pre revolutionary , maintain traditional ways, oscial order should be respected113
4397434569edmund burkes ideaschange should be natural114
4397434570conservatism was the opposite of liberalism, gave thier support to ___ economics , abandoning ___ policiescapitalism and laisezz faire mercantilist115
4397434571tanzimat reformed are an example ofnationalism116
4397434572___ war between russian and an alliance of british french and ottoman troops after russia threathened the stability of the _____crimean war ottoman117
4397434573result of the crimean war on russiaeasily defeated, humiliating defeat western superiority sought to reform military and economy118
4397434574russian industrialization was __ sponsoredstate119
4397434575social unrest in russia led to __abolition of serfdom120
4397434576how did the lives of serfs improvebarely some became new urban workforce in russias push to industrialize121
4397434577in africa the french had ___ rule and the british preffered ___ ruledirect indirect122
4397434578sepoy rebellion in __ against __ in protest of ___ led tobeic rules that threatened religious; cartriges greased in pig and cow fat inuslted hindus and muslims british increased control123
4397434579inc- mostly _____ led to formation of ___upper and middle class hindus muslim league124
4397434580inc joined forces with ____ to gain indian rightsmuslim league125
4397434581opium war resultunequal treaties and british victory126
4397434582treaty of nanjingchina had to pay for war china forced to open ports to trade hong kong to britain127
4397434583opium war led tospheres of influence in china128
4397434584taiping rebellion threatened what dynasty and how, who rebelled, what was the outcomepeasent rebellion qing dynasty redistribution of land,public education, and rights for women qing organized army and rebellion failed (forced reforms self strengthening movement)129
4397434585self strengthening movement was it successfulintroduction of western technology, hoped to modernize the nation limited success, still agriarian and confucian130
4397434586sspheres of influence in china siezed control of chinas ___tributary states; france took vietnam131
4397434587effect of spheres of influence in chinaexclusive trading rights within china, boxer rebellion132
4397434588who did the boxers killchinese christians and foreigners133
4397434589boxer rebellion and what were its effectsboxers put down, allowed foreigners to gain more concession bc they had to pay for their damages134
4397434590monroe docturinelimit euro interference in americas justification for us to intervene in the affairs of the western hemisphere135
4397434591spanish american warwon by us us gained control of cuba puertorico guam and phillipines us is now an imperial power136
4397434592us open door policywanted in on chinas affairs ; equal trading rights for all137
4397434593opening of japan led torapid modernization138
4397434594meiji restorationresisted imperialism overthrow of shogun state sponsored139
4397434595sino japanese warchina vs japan for control of korea korea asked china to help bc some people in korea wanted japan to reform japan sent troops in and captured their emporer japan defeated china140
4397434596decline of ottoman empirethreats from russia and austria Shift from land to sea routes141
4397434597muhammad aliruler of egypt after napoleons unsuccessful invasion autonomy modernized142
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AP World History Chapter 6 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5210293117Harijan"Children of God", another name for the untouchables0
5210300028professional civil servicea system of selecting administrators1
5210304543Emperor Wu Dithis emperor established an imperial academy where potential officials were trained as scholars and immersed in Chinese classical texts dealing with history, literature, art, mathematics, and Confucian teachings2
5210316720Po Chu-Ifamous poet, wrote a poem called, "After Passing the Examination", shows the fame and fortune that awaited an accomplished student3
5210330561Senior officialsthese people were moved about in carriages and were bedecked with robes, ribbons, seals, and headdresses appropriate to their rank4
5210341778Wang Manga high court official of the Han dynasty who usurped the emperor's throne and immediately launched a series of startling reforms; saw himself as re-creating a golden age with the peasants as the backbone of Chinese society5
5210355913"scholar gentry"members of this class lived luxuriously, and this term represented people's twin sources of privileges6
5210368121Li Shenthis person wrote a poem on the hardships of peasant life7
5210373716Yellow Turban Rebelliona massive peasant uprising where the peasants wore yellow scarves around their heads; this movement found leaders, organization, and a unifying ideology in a popular form of Daosim8
5210391865"Great Peace"a golden age of complete equality, social harmony, and common ownership of property9
5210396975merchantsin Chinese society, these people were labeled as greedy, luxury-loving, and materialistic; people tried to prevent these other people from gaining wealth10
5210408395caste systemthis term comes from the Portuguese word casta, which means "race" or "purity of blood". this was originally a system in India that divided people into different groups, ranking social status11
5210422337Varnaan idea that society was forever divided into four great classes12
5210426043Brahminsthe priest class; their sacrifices and rituals ensured the proper functioning of the world13
5210434607Ksatriyaclass of warriors and rulers charged with protecting and governing society14
5210540908Vaisyaclass of commoners who cultivated the land15
5210551591"twice-born"the three caste classes came to be called pure Aryans and were called ___________, for they experienced physical birth and formal initiation into their respected varnas and status as people of Aryan descent16
5210572816the Sudrasnative peoples incorporated into the margins of Aryan society in very subordinate positions17
5210580075Purushathe four classes were formed from the body of this god, and were therefore eternal and changeless18
5210586056Indian Constitution of 1950this legally abolished "untouchability", but not carried out entirely19
5210594101Dalitsthe oppressed, the lowest group in the caste hierarchy, a new name for the untouchables20
5245643822Untouchablespeople who did the work that was considered most unclean and polluting, such as cremating corpses, dealing with the skins of dead animals, and serving as executioners21
5245651359jatisguilds or castes that regulated peoples affairs or jobs22
5245654478karmareflected the good or bad deeds of someone's past life by them being born into a certain caste23
5245659630dharmathe faithful and selfless performance of one's present caste duties, resulting them in being born into a higher caste24
5245676372ostracismtemporary suspension or exclusion form a society or group25
5245679110patriarchal societiesa society where men sharply controlled or even owned women26
5245682051slaveryownership of a master, the possibility of being sold, working without pay, and the status of an "outsider: at the bottom of the social hierarchy27
5245687538Hammurabi's law codethe law code of Mesopotamia, mainly regarding to slavery and their roles and rules28
5245693786"slaves by nature"Aristotle believed in the concept that slaves were _________ ____ _________29
5245698058Carthagethis North African city was destroyed and Rome obtained 55,000 people that they enslaved30
5245703264"home-born" slavesthe children of slave mothers were referred to as __________. They were thought to be less trouble than those who had known freedom in their earlier lives31
5245710304Saint Paulthis person used the metaphor of slavery to describe the relationship of believers to God32
5245716789Saint Augustinethis person described slavery as God's punishment for sin33
5245720648latifundiahuge estates where slaves provided much of the labor forcer in rural areas34
5245726230Sparatcusthis man led 70 slaves from a school for gladiators in a desperate bid for freedom, and they succeeded, which encouraged others35
5245732969Haitian Revolution of the 1790sa revolution that sought to free all slaves from Rome, but none of the revolutions or rebellions had a great effect on the Roman slavery system36
5245747287yangthis principle was viewed as masculine and related to heaven, strength, and light37
5245763385yinthis principle was associated with earth, feminine qualities, weakness, and darkness38
5245770541Ban Zhoua Chinese woman writer and court official who said a woman was supposed to be "lowly and weak" and "humble herself before others"39
5245777013active agentssome writers saw women as _______ _______40
5245778006dowrythis item gave a woman something to call her own and gave her some leverage in her marriage41
5245785027nomadic peoplethese type of people allowed women to have more freedoms and to be less restricted since they were not native to the area they were in, mainly China42
5245790449Tang dynasty (618-907 C.E.)in this dynasty, writers and artists depicted elite women as capable of handling legal and business affairs on their own and on occasion riding horses and playing polo, bareheaded and wearing men's clothing43
5245798697Empress Wua former high-ranking concubine in the imperial court, who came to power amid much palace intrigue and was the only woman who ever ruled in China with the title of emperor44
5245812347"mother"Daoist texts referred to the dao as ___________ and urged the traditionally feminine virtues of yielding and passive acceptance rather than the male-oriented striving of Confucianism45
5245818649Athens and Spartatwo of the leading city-states of classical Greek civilization46
5245822134Euripidesa Greek playwright that wrote in a play called The Trojan Women. "what causes a woman a bad reputation is not remaining inside."47
5245832246Menandera Greek writer that said it would be a terrible idea to teach a women to read and write, like feeding a vile snake more poison48
5245837044Aspasiashe was born in the Greek city Miletus in a family that believed in educating their daughters. she went to Athens, and her foreign birth gave her a little more freedom, and she attracted Pericles (Athens's leading political figure. they lived together as husband and wife even though they were officially married. Pericles died. Aspasia proved to be very witty and smart49
5245858926hetaeraa professional, educated, high-class entertainer and sexual companion, similar to a Japanese geisha50
5245864130helotsthis people were subject to permanent servitude, and were a threat of rebellion51
5245872321Spartanan ideal _________ male was a warrior, skilled in battle, able to endure hardship, and willing to die for his city52
5245879422Plutarcha Greek writer that observed that "the men of Sparta always obeyed their wives."53
5245883086Xenophonan Athenian writer who stated that Sparta's legendary founder LYCURGUS, "caused lovers to abstain from sexual intercourse with boys."54
5245895432childbirthdeath in _____________ was considered equivalent of death in battle55
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AP World History Chapter 1 Flashcards

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5064066945East AfricaWhere did humans originate from?0
50642997402.5 million years ago to 8000 BCEWhen was the Paleolithic Period?1
5064123365Hunting and foragingEarly humans survived by...2
5064175382Climate changeWhat is one reason early humans migrated to new areas?3
5064175383HumansAs the animals and plants moved so did the...4
5064175384Asia and the AmericasDuring a cooler period, the water levels fell so much that land connected...5
5064222164Paleolithic PeriodWhat are the early years of human history part of?6
5064222165The Stone AgeWhat is the Paleolithic Period also called?7
5064222166TechnologyPeople adapted... to new conditions8
5064222167Prepare foodThe control of fire allowed humans to...9
5064222168Kinship group, clan, tribeWhat are three names of groups that move together in search of food10
5064269562IdeasWhat is spread through trade?11
5064269563EgalitarianPaleolithic groups were probably relatively12
5064269564PatriarchalEarly Paleolithic groups were divided by gender a.k.a.13
5064269565AnimismPaleolithic people developed a religious belief centered around worshiping Gods associated with the forces of nature. This is called...14
5064278464ShamansThe first religious leaders were called...15
5064288683YesDid Paleolithic people believe in the afterlife?16
50642949368000 BCEWhen did the Neolithic Revolution "start"?17
5064330424AgricultureSome hunter-forager groups changed their nomadic ways and took up...18
5064352346SurplusAs people learned to plant and harvest crops, they started to have a...19
5064363251Their dietBecause of agriculture, what became less diverse in people's lives?20
5064389529DomesticatePeople began to...animals in the Neolithic Revolution21
5064403805PastoralismWhat is the way of life called where you move herds of animals from one grazing land to another?22
5064425087Specialization of labor and writingWhat occurred because of surpluses?23
5064449766Wealth, elitesAs the population increased some people accumulated...and became...24
5064473634Leaders of farming communities and townsWho controlled the governments in the Neolithic Revolution?25
5064503573Priests, crops...held religious ceremonies, which were supposed to convince the spirits of nature to help with their...26
5064529569Waterproof clay pots, plow, and the wheelSome examples of new technologies that people adopted are...27
5064567793The Bronze AgeWhat is another name for the Neolithic Revolution?28
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