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AP Literature Devices Flashcards

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4773295672Antítesiscontrast or juxtaposition0
4773294768Anáforarepetition of words at the beginning of multiple verses1
4773300333Elipsisthree dots indicating a writer omitting something or pausing2
4773315936Epítetoa descriptive title that characterizes something more idealistic than it is3
4773331814Asíndetonthe absence of conjuctions4
4773333074Polisíndetonpresence of more conjunctions than necessary5
4773351764Aliteraciónrepetition of the first sound/ letter in a phrase6
4773353883Onomatopeyathe word for a specific sound like crash, boom, etc7
4773357007Hipérbatonwhen an author diverts from the typical structure of a sentence but gives the same meaning8
4773365647Hipérboleextreme exaggeration9
4773368412Personificaciónwhen inanimate objects are given human characteristics10
4773369204Símilcomparison11
4773371055Paradojacontrast that communicates a deep truth12
4773373633Perífrasisbeating around the bush writing, using a lot of fluff to explain something instead of being concise13
4773431240Alusiónreference to a person, place, or thing14
4773434818Eufemismopolite way of saying something15
4773436944Ironíathe expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite16
4773440682Sarcasmousing words that literally mean the opposite of what you are trying to say to communicate the true meaning17
4773442812Sinestesiathe description of a sensory experience in terms of another18
4773448591Metáforaa comparison that doesn't use like or as19
4773451679Metonimiacalling an object by the name of a closely associated object (saying crown instead of power)20
4773459915Synécdoquecalling an object by one of its parts instead of its actual name (saying wheel instead of car)21
4773463805Silabificación/ la métricadivision of words into syllables to help a poem flow better22
4773473207Apóstrofewhen a passage is addressed to someone who isn't there or who is dead23
4773477981Gradaciónlist of something in a climatic or anticlimactic way24
4773492099Hemistiquioa caesura or pause in a large verse25
4773496247In medias reswhen something opens in the midst of action26
4773498224Jitanjáforasa poem or phrase made up of invented words or meaningless phrases that for a meaning/ connotation together27
4773504809Hipálagebreaking the logical relationship between a noun and verb or adjective by replacing the noun with another28
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AP WORLD HISTORY MULTIPLE CHOICE PRACTICE Flashcards

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4413028852From the founding of each religion, Christians and Muslims shared a belief in A the principle of separation of church and state B the legal equality of men and women C equality of oppurtunity D a single omnipotent deityD0
4413028853Which of the following contributed significantly to the fall of both the western Roman and the Han empires? A the destruction of overland trade routes B irregularities in the flow of the silver trade C new military technologies D invasions by borderland peoplesD1
4413028854Which of the following describes a major effect of the Bantu migration? A the spread of islam across sub-saharan africa B the diffusion of iron metallurgy in sub-saharan africa C the introduction of banana cultivation in east africa D the success of hunter-foraging in sub-saharan africaB2
4413028855Inca and Aztec societies were similar in that both A developed from Maya civilization B acquired empires by means of military conquest C independently developed iron technology D depended entirely on oral record keepingB3
4413028856Which of the following changes best justifies the claim that the late 1400s mark the beginning of a new period in world history? A the rise of the Aztec and Inca empires B the economic recovery in Afro-Eurasia after the Black Death C the incorporation of the Americas into a broader global network of exchange D the emergence of new religious movements in various parts of the worldC4
4413028857Which of the following was a similarity among European colonial empires in the Americas in the period 1450-1750? A widespread religious tolerance and diversity B encouragement of the development of industrial manufacturing in their territories C enslavement of african peoples and subjugation of amerindians D settlement of millions of Europeans in each of their colonial territoriesC5
4413028858Which of the following European developments is most closely associated with the revolution in Haiti? A the Protestant Reformation B the Russian Revolution C the French Revolution D the Industrial RevolutionC6
4413028859"We shall not repeat the past. We shall eradicate it by restoring our rights in the Suez Canal. This money is ours. The canal is the property of Egypt." The quotation above by Egyptian Gamal Abdel Nasser (in power 1952-1970) best expresses support for A communism B liberalism C nationalism D imperialismC7
4413028860Most early civilizations before 600 C.E. shared which of the following characteristics? A animal herds and portable houses B large standing armies and elected governments C urban centers, growing populations and writing systems D caravan trade, growing populations and large shipsC8
4413028861Before 500 C.E. Judaism and Hinduism were similar in that both A had written scriptures and an ethical code to live by B spread widely around the Mediterranean C promoted teachings about reincarnation D advocated a monastic life and a rejection of the worldA9
4413028862Between 200 B.C.E and 200 C.E., the Silk Roads facilitated commodity trade between which of the following pairs of empires? A the Roman and Incan B the Han and Spanish C the Roman and Han D the Mali and ByzantineC10
4413028863The development and spread of Christianity and Buddhism before 600 C.E. had all of the following in common EXCEPT A both were outgrowths of other religions B both were aided in their spread by existing trade networks C the founders of both presented themselves as divine D both developed monastic orders open to womenC11
4413028864Before 1450 C.E. which of the following is true of sub-Saharan Africa's commercial economy? A Phoenician merchants controlled most of the long-distance trade of sub-Saharan Africa B the Mali-Great Zimbabwe trade route dominated the economy of sub-Saharan Africa C sub-Saharan Africa exported gold to the Middle East and Europe D the Sahara Desert prevented sub-Saharan traders from participating in long-distance tradeC12
4413028865Which of the following consequences of the Columbian Exchange most affected Amerindians in the sixteenth century? A diseases caused pandemics B newly introduced crops replaced indigenous American crops C the influx of African slaves displaced Amerindians D European livestock disrupted Amerindian agricultureA13
4413028866The Mughal Empire and the Ottoman Empire before 1700 C.E. shared which of the following characteristics? A both empires were able to expand without meeting strong resistance B both empires formally restricted foreign trade C both empires were ruled by a single religious official D both empires were religiously and culturally diverseD14
4413028867In the period 1450-1750, which of the following, produced on large plantations by slave labor, were significant commodities in the growing market? A grains such as wheat and barley B tropical fruits such as bananas and oranges C animal products such as wool and beef D cash crops such as sugar and tobaccoD15
4413028868An important reason for China's rapid population increase in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was A the introduction of new crops from the Americas B the end of the bubonic plague in Asia C the widespread adoption of the European three-field system D unprecedented immigration from the Mughal and Ottoman empiresA16
4413028869Which of the following was a widespread social consequence of industrialization in the 1800s? A a decline in the social status of women B an increase in the power and prestige of the landowning aristocracy C the general leveling of social hierarchies based on wealth D the creation of a wage-earning working class concentrated in urban areasD17
4413028870Which of the following best describes how nineteenth-century European industrialization affected European women's lives? A by the end of the century, new social welfare legislation made it possible for most to women to earn university degrees B married women found it increasingly difficult to balance wage work and family responsibilities C by the end of the century, women gained the right to vote in most European countries D women came to dominate the agriculture workforce as men moved into cities to take industrial jobsB18
4413028871After the Second World War, countries around the world did which of the following to restore the global economy? A created the European Union to coordinate European economic aid to former colonies B developed a common economic aid package for African and Asian states C established new financial institutions, such as the World Bank D allowed the United Nations to take over failing national economiesC19
4413028872Nationalist leaders in Africa and Asia, such as Ho Chi Minh (1890-1969), Jomo Kenyatta (1894-1978), and Kwame Nkrumah (1909-1972), had which of the following in common? A defense of capitalism B support for free-trade systems C rejection of violent revolution D opposition to colonial ruleD20
4413028873Which of the following statements is true about the world at the end of the twentieth century? A the standard of living in the least economically developed countries of the world rapidly approached that of the most developed countries B the pace and intensity of international contacts accelerated as a result of transportation and communication breakthroughs C the world balance of power was reversed as the West no longer had a military advantage over non-Western countries D world religions were in decline as the spread of science and secularism intensifiedB21
4413028874Which of the following best explains why myths are useful to historians? A myths clarify how ancient technology worked B myths analyze how great heroes created the first societies C myths provide insights into the values and traditions of their societies D myths give detailed plans showing how ancient leaders achieved powerC22
4413028875The development of Indian Ocean trade routes in the period 600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E. and the development of transatlantic trade routes in the period 1450 C.E to 1600 C.E. were similar in that they both depended on A the impetus of missionizing religions B understanding of currents and wind patterns C the political consolidation of newly conquered regions into empires D innovations in design that originated in EuropeB23
4413028876Before 600 C.E., large centralized empires, such as the Han, Persian, and Roman empires, extended their military power by A giving more political power to the common people in the conquered territories, thus eliminating the need for large armies of occupation B developing supply lines and building infrastructure, including defensive walls and roads C creating open societies inclusive of different religious and cultural practices, thus decreasing the chance of revolts D recruiting their armies entirely from inhabitants of their core territories and excluding members of newly conquered landsB24
4413028877Which of the following factors represents the most significant cause of the growth of cities in Afro-Eurasian in the period 1000-1450? A climate change B increased interregional trade C decreased agricultural productivity D increased invasionsB25
4413028878Which of the following would be the most useful source of evidence for research about the profits of Portuguese and British slave traders in the period 1600-1800? A Portuguese and British tax records B narratives of slaves transported to the Americas C European slave traders' account books D journals of African slave tradersC26
4413028879The North and South American independence movements of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries shared which of the following? A revolutionary demands based on Enlightenment political ideas B reliance on Christian teachings to define revolutionary demands C industrial economies that permitted both areas to break free of European control D political instability caused by constant warfare among the new statesA27
4413028880The founding of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is best understood in the context of which of the following? A the Cold War B the growth of a globalized economy C the establishment of the Nonaligned Movement D the post-Second World War population boomA28
4413028881Historians argue that the twentieth century marks a significant break in world history for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A petroleum use fundamentally changed the relationship of humans to the environment B the population of the world increased from 1.6 billion to 6.1 billion people C communists established powerful new states in Russia and China D low-wage laborers migrated from continent to continentD29
4413028882Which of the following statements is true about both the Mughal and Ottoman empires in the sixteenth century? A in both empires the majority of the people were Muslims B both empires had powerful navies that engaged European navies C both empires expanded through the use of gunpowder weapons and extensive bureaucracies D both empires gave little monetary support to artistic and cultural endeavoursC30
4413028883In contrast to initial industrialization, the second Industrial Revolution in the last half of the nineteenth century was particularly associated with the mass production of which of the following? A textiles, iron, and coal B textiles, automobiles, and plastics C airplanes, ships, and radios D electricity, steel, and chemicalsD31
4413028884The expansion of communication and trade networks in Afro-Eurasia from 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E. resulted in the spread of which of the following from South Asia? A military weaponry, such as iron-tipped spears and chariots B technological and scientific concepts, such as the decimal and zero C irrigation technologies, such as ceramic pipes D textile manufacturing processes, such as the spinning jennyB32
4413028885Which of the following was a major difference between the social structures of China and India between 600 B.C.E. and 600 C.E.? A Confucianism emphasized spiritual advancement for people who faithfully performed their social duties B merchants had the highest social status in India C slaves did most of the agricultural work on large Indian estates D Confucian social hierarchy privileged government officialsD33
4413028886The African proverb, "Until the lions have their historians, tales of hunting will always glorify the hunter," conveys which of the following? A common people need to learn how to write so they can tell their story B hunting is a sport that brings glory only to the hunter C the concept of history is much different in Africa than in Europe or the United States D history usually reflects the viewpoint of the victorsD34
4413028887Most world historians would agree that the key to European predominance in the world economy during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was A the Industrial Revolution B European medical technology C Spanish control of New World silver D the EnlightenmentA35
4413028888The United States Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen reflect a shared concern for A physical elimination of the ruling class B confiscation of church property C protection of private property D preservation of the monarchyC36
4413028889A historian researching the effects of Christian missionaries' activities on local social structures in late nineteenth century Africa would probably find which of the following sources most useful? A African accounts of converting to Christianity B fundraising speeches given in Europe by supporters of missionary efforts C data on the number of missionaries going to Africa D recruitment advertisements for missionaries in church newsletters in EuropeA37
4413028890What was the leading cause of the unprecedented increase in global population in the twentieth century? A the end of international epidemics B global warming and other types of climate change C the impact of medical innovations and public health measures D the reduction of world hungerC38
4413028891Which of the following statements best represents a nationalistic interpretation of the collapse of the Ottoman and Russian empires during and immediately after the First World War? A military weakness and political instability were the primary reasons for the collapse of these empires B the growing demands of various ethnic groups within these multiethnic empires were the primary reasons for the collapse C the slow pace of industrialization in these empires left them unable to compete militarily and politically with more developed countries D religious differences between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire led to their final collapseB39
4413028892Which of the following was a major similarity between the goals of the leaders of the Chinese Communist Revolution, such as Mao Zedong, and the goals of the leaders of the Mexican Revolution, such as Emiliano Zapata, in the early twentieth century? A advocacy of a global workers revolution B active encouragement for integration into the global economy C concern primarily with improving conditions for urban factory workers D support for redistribution of land to poor peasantsD40
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AP Language Vocabulary (4-22) Flashcards

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4300313417AlacrityEagerness, enthusiasm0
4300313418DemureModest, reserved1
4300313419EbullientCheerful, happy2
4300313420EschewTo avoid, to keep away from3
4300313421EvanescentFleeting, momentary4
4300313422FallaciousIncorrect or misleading5
4300313423IndefatigableIncapable of defeat or failure6
4300313424LaconicTerse, short, concise7
4300313425RepleteFull, abundant8
4300313426SacrosanctHoly, something that should not be criticized9
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Vocab for AP Literature set 4 Flashcards

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4203532519Figurative LanguageWriting or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid.0
4203545263Figure of SpeechA device used to produce figurative language.Many compare dissimilar things.1
4203554763GenreThe major category into which a literary work fits.2
4203559345HomilyThis term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.3
4203567945Imagerythe sensory details or figurative languages used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. On a physical level, it uses terms related to the five senses. On a deeper level it can represent more than one thing.4
4203580694in media resthe work starts in the middle of the action.5
4203585576inference/inferTo draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented.6
4203593019Invectivean emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.7
4203604435Irony/ironicThe contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant, or the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true.8
4203613693Lampoona coarse or crude satire ridiculing the appearance or character of another person.9
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AP Vocab: Figurative Language Flashcards

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3770948467AnalogyA similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. An analogy can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with or pointing out its similarity to something more familiar. Analogies can also make writing more vivid, imaginative, or intellectually engaging.0
3770948468AntithesisA balancing of two opposite or contrasting words, phrases, or clauses.1
3770949537ConceitA fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects.2
3770949538Extended MetaphorA metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work.3
3770950732Figurative LanguageA form of language use in which writers and speakers convey something other than the literal meaning of their words.4
3770950733Figure of SpeechA device used to produce figurative language. Many compare dissimilar things. Figures of speech include apotrophe hyperbole irony metaphor oxymoron paradox personification simile syneddoche understatement5
3770950734HyperboleA figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor.6
3770952311ImageryDescriptive or figurative language in a literary work; the use of language to create sensory impressions.7
3770952312LitotesA figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite.8
3770952313MetaphorA comparison that establishes a figurative identity between objects being compared.9
3770953911MetonymyA figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated (such as "crown" for "royalty").10
3770954996OnomatopoeiaA figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words.11
3770954997OxymoronA figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.12
3770954998ParadoxA statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity.13
3770956331PersonificationA figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes.14
3770957401SynecdocheA figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa, as in Cleveland won by six runs (meaning "Cleveland's baseball team").15
3770957402SynesthesiaDescribing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound").16
3770960240UnderstatementThe presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.17
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AP Language Tone Words Flashcards

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3667174673AcerbicBitter or stinging0
3667174674ArdentEnthusiastic or passionate1
3667174675AmbivalentHaving mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone.2
3667174676BefuddledConfused or perplexed3
3667174677BelligerentHostile or aggressive4
3667174678CandidOpen and honest—blunt5
3667174679CapriciousGiven to whims (thus changing one's mind or mood easily)6
3667174680CynicalGiven to one's own interests; distrustful of human society7
3667174681DiffidentModest or shy because of a lack of confidence8
3667174682DogmaticStubborn; unwilling to change one's mind (in terms of principles)9
3667174683DisparagingExpressing the opinion that someone or something is of little worth10
3667174684DidacticInstructional11
3667174685EarnestSincere and intense conviction (serious)12
3667174686EffusiveExpressing feelings of gratitude, pleasure, or approval in an unrestrained or heartfelt manner.13
3667174687EruditeHaving or showing great knowledge or learning.14
3667174688EvasiveTending to avoid commitment or self-revelation, esp. by responding only indirectly.15
3667174689FacetiousTreating serious issues with deliberately inappropriate humor;16
3667174690FlippantNot showing a serious or respectful attitude17
3667174691InaneSilly; stupid18
3667174692IncredulousDisbelieving; skeptical19
3667174693LackadaisicalLacking energy or enthusiasm20
3667174694LoathingDeep seated hatred21
3667174695LugubriousLooking or sounding sad and dismal.22
3667174696NarcissisticVanity; self-love; self-absorption23
3667174697NostalgicA longing for the past (like Grandma's cookies)24
3667174698PensiveReflecting deep or serious thought.25
3667174699PedanticOverly concerned with minute details or rules; nit-picky; fussy; meticulous (this word is often used as a negative conntation26
3667174700PatronizingTreat with an apparent kindness that betrays a feeling of superiority.27
3667174701PompousAffectedly and irritatingly grand, solemn, or self-important.28
3667174702PejorativeExpressing contempt or disapproval.29
3667174703PragmaticDealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations30
3667174704SuperciliousBehaving or looking as though one thinks one is superior to others.31
3667174705TranquilFree from disturbance; calm.32
3667174706Terseto the point; abrupt33
3667174707Vitriolicbitter criticism or malice34
3667174708Diatribea forceful and bitter verbal attack against someone or something35
3667174709Pretentiousattempting to impress by affecting greater importance, talent, culture, etc., than is actually possessed36
3667174710Poignantevoking a keen sense of sadness or regret.37
3667174711Ambiguousunclear or inexact because a choice between alternatives has not been made.38
3667174712Sanguineoptimistic or positive, especially in an apparently bad or difficult situation; of the color red (blood)39
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AP Literature Vocabulary 13 Flashcards

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3332374488inanimatenot alive; lifeless0
3332379055assessevaluate; estimate the nature of1
3332380839abetencourage or assist someone to do something wrong2
3332389078averstate or assert to be the case3
3332393550blatant(of bad behavior) done openly and unashamedly; lacking in subtlety4
3332395321broachraise a sensitive subject for discussion; pierce a cask to draw liquor5
3332402365buttressprovide a building or structure with projecting supports built against its walls; reinforce, strengthen6
3332431297carousalrevelry in drinking; a merry drinking party7
3332434135collatecollect and combine texts, information in proper order; compare critically to note differences and similarities8
3332441988connoisseuran expert; one who is well qualified to pass critical judgments, especially in fine arts9
3332445579encumberrestrict or burdened so that free action is difficult; saddle with a debt10
3332445580disconsolatewithout consolation or comfort; unhappy. causing or showing a lack of cheer11
3332452313fomentinstigate or stir up trouble or rebellion12
3332456279grislycausing horror or disgust13
3332482288herculeanrequiring great strength or effort14
3332483699impassivenot feeling or showing emotion15
3332485453inauspiciousunpromising; unlucky; bad luck in the future16
3332488398incontrovertiblenot able to be denied or disputed17
3332490871magniloquentusing high-flown or bombastic language18
3332495918nonplussedsurprised and confused so much they are unsure how to react19
3332497681opportunewell chosen or particularly favorable or appropriate; well-timed20
3332502279predilectionpreference or liking for something; a bias in favor of something21
3332511432prolificpresent in large numbers or quantities; plentiful22
3332514263rejoindera reply, sharp or witty; defendant's answer to the plantiff's reply or replication23
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AP World History Dates Flashcards

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6820043844Period 1: Technological and Environmental Transformations8000 BCE- 600 CE0
6820043845Beginnings of agriculture8000 B.C.E.1
6820043846Beginnings of Bronze Age - Early Civilizations3000 B.C.E.2
6820043847Iron Age1300 B.C.E.3
6820043848Period 2: Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies600 BCE - 600 CE4
6820043849Life of Buddha, Confucius, Lao Tsu (beginnings of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taosim)6th century B.C.E.5
6820043850Greek Golden Age - philosophers.5th C B.C.E.6
6820043851Alexander the Great323 B.C.E.7
6820043852Qin unified China221 B.C.E.8
6820043853Beginnings of Christianity32 C.E.9
6820043854end of Pax Romana180 C.E.10
6820043855end of Han Dynasty220 C.E.11
6820043856Roman capital moved to Constantinople33312
6820043857Beginning of Trans-Saharan Trade Routes4th century C.E.13
6820043858Fall of Rome47614
6820043859Justinian rule of Byzantine Empire52715
6820043860Period 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions600 CE -145016
6820043861Founding of Islam62217
6820043862Battle of Tours (end of Muslim move into France)73218
6820043863Great Schism in Christian Church (Roman Catholic & Eastern Orthodox)105419
68200438641st Crusade109520
6820043865Mongols sack Baghdad125821
6820043866Marco Polo travels1271-129522
6820043867Mansa Musa's pilgrimage132423
6820043868travels of Ibn Battuta1325-134924
6820043869Bubonic plague in Europe1347-134825
6820043870end of Zheng He's voyages/Rise of Ottomans143326
6820043871Period 4: Global Interactions1450 CE - 175027
6820043872Ottomans capture Constantinople145328
6820043873Dias rounded Cape of Good Hope148829
6820043874Columbus sailed the ocean blue/ Reconquista of Spain149230
68200438751st Slaves to Americas150231
6820043876Martin Luther/95 theses151732
6820043877Cortez conquered the Aztecs152133
6820043878Pizarro toppled the Inca153334
682004387930 years war1618-164835
6820043880Glorious Revolution/English Bill of Rights168936
6820043881Period 5: Industrialization and Global Integration1750 CE - 190037
6820043882Industrial Revolution1750-191438
68200438837 Year's War/French and Indian War1756-176339
6820043884American Revolution/Smith writes Wealth of Nations177640
6820043885French Revolution178941
6820043886Haitian independence180442
6820043887Congress of Vienna181543
6820043888Independence in Latin America1820s44
68200438891st opium war in China183945
6820043890European revolutions/Marx & Engles write Communist Manifesto184846
6820043891Commodore Perry opens Japan185347
6820043892Sepoy Mutiny185748
6820043893end of Russian serfdom/Italian unification186149
6820043894Emancipation Proclamation in US186350
6820043895German unification187151
6820043896Berlin Conference - division of Africa188552
6820043897Spanish-American War - US acquires Philippines, Cuba, Guam, & Puerto Rico189853
6820043898Boer War-British in control of South Africa189954
6820043899Period 6: Accelerating Global Change and Realignments1900 CE - Present55
6820043900Russo-Japanese war190556
6820043901Mexican Revolution1910-192057
6820043902Chinese Revolution191158
6820043903WWI1914-191859
6820043904Russian Revolution191760
6820043905Treaty of Versailles-end of WWI191961
6820043906stock market crash192962
6820043907Japanese invasion of Manchuria193163
6820043908Italian invasion of Ethiopia193564
6820043909German blitzkrieg in Poland193965
6820043910Pearl Harbor, entry of US into WWII194166
6820043911end of WWII194567
6820043912independence & partition of India194768
6820043913birth of Israel194869
6820043914Chinese Communist Revolution194970
6820043915Korean War1950-195371
6820043916Vietnamese defeat French at Dien Bien Phu195472
6820043917de-Stalinization/nationalization of Suez Canal195673
6820043918Cuban Revolution195974
6820043919Cuban missile crisis196275
68200439206-day war/Chinese Cultural Revolution196776
6820043921Yom Kippur war197377
6820043922Iranian Revolution197978
68200439231st Palestinian Intifada198779
6820043924Tiananmen Square/fall of Berlin Wall198980
6820043925fall of USSR/1st Gulf war199181
6820043926genocide in Rwanda/1st all race elections in S. Africa199482
68200439279/11 Attacks200183
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AP World History Chapter 24/29 Terms Flashcards

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6009753698Martin LutherHad some serious beef with the RCC because of sale of indulgences and the RCC corruption. Nailed 95 theses to church door.0
6010015942Pope Leo XExcommunicated Martin Luther in 15201
6010053136Charles VSummoned Luther to an assembly of imperial authorities and demanded that he recant his views.2
6010358860Protestant ReformationA movement started by Martin Luther that lead to the splitting of the RCC and became lead to the dominant Protestant/Lutheran religion in Europe mainly Germany3
6030824960Absolute monarchsHistorians called rulers this because they put a lot of power into their own hands4
6030824961Christian missionariesSpread faith from Mediterranean basin to all of Europe and lead to a common religion between different peoples5
6030824974King Henry VIIIWas denied right to divorce his wife by the church and he severed relations to the RCC and make/became leader of Anglican Church and lead to England leaving RC community6
6031021692Anglican ChurchMade by/ lead by King Henry VIII7
6031021693John CalvinBecame Protestant and fleas France to Geneva and formed a Protestant community. Codified Protestant teachings8
6031021694Institutes of the Christian religionCodified Protestant teachings and presented them as a organized package9
6031021695Calvinist missionariesSpread around France and later more of Europe. Established Protestant Churches10
6031224710Catholic ReformationRCC response to Protestant Reformation in which they defined the key differences between the two, and the formation of the Council of Trent and the Society of Jesus11
6031224711The Council of TrentAssesmbly of high church officials and addresses matters of doctrine, reform, abuses, and morality.12
6031224712Society of JesusSought to extend the RC. Founded by St. Ignatius Loyola.13
6031281690St. Ignatius LoyolaRetired soldier founded Society of Jesus. He believed that Jesuits had to have high education, knowledge in theology, philosophy, languages, literature, history, and science14
6031568215JesuitsMissionaries from the society of Jesus who have high discipline and education15
6031568216TheologiansPeople who believe that witches made agreements with the devil to worship him in return for supernatural powers. They sought to kill witches.16
6031671201Witch-HuntingLead to the killing of many women and men who Where blamed and killed for uncommon natural occurrences.17
6014048103Printing PressIntroduced to Europe from China; *advanced the ideas & texts of the Reformation throughout Europe*18
6014054737IndulgenceType of *pardon* that excuses individuals from doing penance for their sins; facilitates entry to heaven19
6023919192Ptolemaic UniverseThe idea of a motionless earth surrounded by nine hollow, concentric spheres that revolved around it; first 7 spheres included the sun, moon, and planets. 8th sphere held stars, and the ninth is an empty sphere that provides spin for everything within it20
6024001769The Copernican UniverseArgued that the sun was the center of the universe rather than the earth; all of the the planets, including the earth, revolved around the sun21
6024001770Johannes KeplerDemonstrated that planetary orbits are elliptical, not circular as in the Ptolemaic theory22
6024001771Galileo GalieleiUsed the telescope and reported his observations; noticed spots on the sun and mountains on the moon (disproved the notion that heavenly bodies were smooth, unchanging spheres); noticed moons orbiting Jupiter and contributed to the understanding of terrestrial motion23
6024001772Isaac NewtonArgued that a law of universal gravitation regulates the motions of bodies throughout the universe (basically discovered gravity); outlined his views in an epoch-making volume of 1687 entitled "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"24
6024001773John LockeSought to identify the principles of psychology and argued that all humans knowledge comes from sense perceptions; idea of natural rights: 1. Life 2. Liberty 3. Property25
6024001774Adam SmithHeld that laws of supply and demand determine what happens in the marketplace; free economy26
6024083223VoltaireChampioned individual freedom and attacked any institution sponsoring intolerant or oppressive policies in published writings; waged a literary campaign against the Roman Catholic Church, which he held responsible for fanaticism, intolerance, and human suffering27
6024083224DeismBelieved in the existence of a god, but denied supernatural teachings of Christianity; a powerful god set the universe in motion but did not take interest in its development or intervene in its affairs28
6024001775Baron de MontesquieuSought to establish a science of politics and discover principles that would foster political liberty in a prosperous and stable state; created the idea of checks and balances and separation of powers29
6029635517The Spanish InquisitionOriginally set out to expel those who secretly practiced Islam/Judiasm; Charles V gave the responsibility of detecting protestant heresy in Spain; inspired witch hunts; investigated cases of heresy and went to brutal lengths to punish those found guilty of practicing the protestant faith.30
6029635518Constitutional StatesCountries that gave the government limited power and recognized the rights of the individual; did not have constitutions!; favored merchants and capitalism31
6029635519AbsolutismForm of government in which a kind that wields "divine right" to rule garners all the power and we're considered "God's lieutenants upon earth;" relied on support from nobles32
6029635520King Louis XIV"The Sun King;" built versailles and ruled France33
6029635521VersaillesLavish hunting lodge built with the purpose of providing lodging to nobles as a ploy to keep them from interfering on King Louis XIV's plans for ruling France34
6029730168The Peace of WestphaliaAgreement made between countries that fought in the Thirty Years War that laid the foundation for sovereign states by recognizing each participating country as its own and equal country; entrusted each country to take care of political and diplomatic affairs in acts of self-interest; DID NOT bring an end to the war35
6029730169The Balance of PowerWhen one sovereign state begins to gain too much power, the rest form a coalition against it to prevent the construction of an empire and protect the idea of the sovereign states36
6031044401The Yakutmounted a revolt against Russian oppression in 1642 and experienced brutal retribution which forced many of them out of their settlements37
6029730170CapitalismFree market economy that involves little-to-no government interference and encourages competition38
6029730171PotatoesAmerican food crop brought to Europe through the Columbian Exchange that provided a rich source of carbs and starch, alternative to bread, for peasants and laborers39
6030860033Poland-Lithuaniain 1569 this turned into a dual republican state with separate administrative and legal systems, but ruled with an elected king and parliament; roman catholic; eventually became too unstable to mediate conflicts leaving it vulnerable40
6030910277Russia & Ukraine VS PolandBogdan Khmelnitsky united peasant of Ukraine with Russia against Polish rulers; war lasted 13 years and ended with a partition of Ukraine and Kiev returning to the empire it served as a capital city for41
6030927742Partition of PolandPoland became unstable due to poor parliament operation; this lead to Russia, Austria, and Prussia to partition the land42
6030987202Georgiaa vibrant multiethnic region which attracted Russian imperialists; they were othodox christians who feared the Ottoman Turks and sought a Russian protectorate43
6031011364SiberiaRussia established small fortified settlements here to obtain fur; some people readily accepted Russian items in exchange for furs but some did not44
6031736846Spanish Armadahuge fleet of ships sent by King Phillip II [of Spain] to dethrone (Protestant) Queen Elizabeth and attempt to *force England to the Roman Catholic church*45
6031776992Thirty Years' Warculmination of the religious wars going on at the time; opened when the Holy Roman emperor *tried to force his Bohemian subjects to return to the Rom. Catholic faith*; political AND *SOCIAL* (bc it was religious)46
6031903484SiberiaUsed by Russia as an immense prison, a place for exiles like Avvakum, and later as a site for labor camps. Russia to Siberia as Britain to Australia47
6031903485Vitus BeringDutch mariner commissioned by Russia to look for northeast passage to Asia48
6031903486Muscovite Agricultural SocietyRussia was huge but had no people- mainly agricultural, women had more power then usual49
6031903487SerfdomTight conditions due to Catherine's relation with Nobles- could not move unless moving to newly conquered regions, could be sold50
6031903488Law code of 1649Established a rigid castelike social order on serfs that restricted occupational and geographical mobility. Children registered as parents occupation; benefits nobles51
6032183756Patriarch NikonPatriarch of moscow and the spiritual head of Russian Orthodox church. Established schools and academies that offered instruction in languages52
6032218767AvvakumFounder of the Old Belief53
6031929647Russian merchantsOutnumbered by foreign merchants who brought great trade to Russia- were disgruntled54
6030827430Pugachev's revolutionA series of rebellions formed by cossacks, exiles, peasants, and serfs that sought to end taxes, government supervision, and the military draft. They demanded the right to posses their own land and elect their own leaders.55
6031831048United Provincescreated when modern-day Netherlands gained their independence from Spain56
6043557433Industrial developmentRemarkable despite lack of cities and shortage of labor, Peter the great57
6043557434Decree of 1721Allowed factory owners to purchase serfs from landowners- encouraged industrialization58
6032232118Old BeliefA doctrine of Christianity that did not agree with Nikons ideas and went for a more traditional practice. THey blamed serfdom on outsiders. Also called tax collectors followers of Antichrist59
6032260412IntelligentsiaAn intellectual class created through Catherine the Greats encouragement of Enlightenment. Had no legal status but were recognized as an unofficial state .The main way that they communicated was with "Thicc Journals" that held the latest news of science philosophy and arts.60
6032510556Supply and Demandsystem that says that as demand for goods/services goes up, prices go down and supply goes up61
6032510557The Putting-Out systemIn an attempt to sidestep craft guilds and gain more profit due to higher production, capitalist entrepreneurs moved production to the countryside; entrepreneurs paid laborers for services and transported the goods to be sold directly on the market62
6032539198The Nuclear FamilyAffection between parents and children and larger extended families; i.e. Mom, Dad, and 2.5 kids63
6032666523Russian Civil Warwar after Ivan died; caused famine upon Russia and allowed Poland and Sweden to invade64
6032717569Peter Itsar of Russia from 1682-1725; greatly appreciated modern science; traveled "incognito" throughout europe to learn about western european technology and military; enforced westernization; reformed army by offering better pay to peasants65
6032738287Table of Ranksestablished by Peter I; permitted officials to move along 14 steps according to merit66
6032746035teremrussian equivalent of a harem; kept upper-class women secluded from men outside their own families and encouraged social mixing of the sexes in towns and cities67
6032754444St. Petersburga new capital city that Peter I ordered the construction of; cost many serfs lives; transferred many government offices to this city68
6032762651Catherine IIcontinued to pursue Peter's policy of westernization; appointed officials with a western european-style education; organized Russia into 50 administrative provinces; infatuated with philosophers of enlightenment; restricted punishments landowners could inflict on their serfs69
6037822441Ivan IIIfirst tsar of Russia; fashioned Moscow into a powerful state & was inspired by the Byzantine Empire in the way he ruled ex. ruled as head of state AND as head of the church70
6039410861Novgorodprosperous trading city that was a hub for fur trade & a member of the Hanseatic League; Ivan III took over so it's wealth would not strengthen neighboring states71
6039410862cossackspeasants that Ivan III recruited to settle in recently conquered lands & spread Russian influence72
6039410863tsarRussian term for the word caesar to signify his imperial status73
6039410864boyarsthe elite military aristocracy of Russia (similar to Samurai in Japan) who resisted the absorption of the74
6391535725Niccolo MachiavelliWrote the book, The Prince that dictated that rulers should act without a conscience and that they need to use whatever in order to rule a nation and keep it running75
6391690446Jean Jacques RousseauIdea of popular sovereignty: government should be decision of the society as a group and not just an individual76
6391727509johannes gutenbergprinting press-> mass production of the bible77
6391745422invisible handAdam Smith's term used to describe the idea that an individuals efforts will help society benefit as a whole78
6391799496laissez-faireidea that government should stay away from private matters like in economy79
6391808365capitalismNation's wealth depends on money and trade with other nations80
6391822461mercantilismBeing a merchant; making own goods or services for sale in the market in order to make a profit81
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AP World History 14 Flashcards

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4265385183neo-Confucianisma philosophy that emerged in Song-dynasty China; it revived Confucian thinking while adding in Buddhist and Daoist elements0
4265385184sacking of Constantinople1453; sacked becuse it was the most logical place to rule. Mehmet the conqueror; Solidly Christian; considered a huge blow to western Christianity1
4265385185St. Cyrila missionary in the 9th century who invented an alphabet for the Slavic language2
4265385186cyrillic alphabetan alphabet drived from the Greek alphabet and used for writing Slavic languages3
4265385187Schism in Christianitythe medieval division between Eastern Orthodox and the Roman Catholic Church4
4265385188schism in Islamthe Shia / Sunni split which occurred in the decades immediately following the death of the Prophet Mohammed in 6325
4265385189Shintoismthe ancient indigenous religion of Japan lacking formal dogma6
4265385190TimbuktuMali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning7
4265385191TenochitlanAztec capital city (now the site of Mexico City)8
4265385192William the Conquerorduke of Normandy who led the Norman invasion of England and became the first Norman to be King of England9
4265385193Abu Bakrfirst caliph after death of Muhammad10
4265385194animismthe doctrine that all natural objects and the universe itself have souls11
4265385195Bedouinssmall groups of nomadic people in Arabia12
4265385196Black Stonemeteorite placed in shrine (Ka'ba) in Mecca, Muslims pay homage to it13
4265385197caliphatethe territorial jurisdiction of a caliph14
4265385198Five Pillars of Faithfive steps to take to become less evil, part of the Islam religion; affirmation, prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and pilgrimage15
4265385199"golden age"period of great cultural achievement16
4265385200hadith(Islam) a tradition based on reports of the sayings and activities of Muhammad and his companions17
4265385201haremliving quarters reserved for wives and concubines and female relatives in a Muslim household18
4265385202jihadIslamic holy war19
4265385203jinnsdesert spirits (associated w/ demonic shaitans)20
4265385204Ka'bathe stone cubical structure in the courtyard of the Great Mosque of Mecca, believed to have been built by Abraham and regarded by Muslims as the sacred center of the earth21
4265385205madrasasIslamic institutions of higher education that originated in the tenth century.22
4265385206minaretthe tower attached to a mosque from which the muezzin, or crier, calls the faithful to prayer five times a day23
4265385207Muhammadthe Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632)24
4265385208The Night JourneyMuhammad's supreme mystical experience, woken by Gabriel, went to heaven and saw prophets, told by Allah to pray five times a day25
4265385209People of the Bookwhat Muslims called Christians and Jews which means that they too only believe in one god26
4265385210Qur'anthe sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina27
4265385211Seal of the ProphetsMuhammad's name for himself, signifying that he was the final prophet of Allah.28
4265385212Seljuk Turksnomadic Turks from Asia who conquered Baghdad in 1055 and allowed the caliph to remain only as a religious leader29
4265385213shari'athe code of law derived from the Koran and from the teachings and example of Mohammed30
4265385214Shi'itesMuslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali31
4265385215Sunnia member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad32
4265385216Sufisa mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life33
4265385217sultanthe ruler of a Muslim country (especially of the former Ottoman Empire)34
4265385218The Thousand and One Nightsa popular Muslim literature that included collection of fairy tales, parables, and legends35
4265385219ulamaMuslim religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies.36
4265385220Umayyad Dynastyestablished by Muawiya, moved capital from Medina to Damascus, that action split Islam (Shi'ites & Sunnites)37
4265385221ummathe Muslim community or people, considered to extend from Mauritania to Pakistan38
4265385222viziera high government official in ancient Egypt or in Muslim countries39
4265385223barterexchange goods without involving money40
4265385224Benedictine Rulea collection of rules or guidelines for monks and monasteries; named for Benedict of Nursia; widely used in Europe in the Middle Ages41
4265385225Byzantine Empireempire that grew from the eastern part of the former Roman Empire; lasted until around 140042
4265385226caesaropapismthe dual role of the state and leader of the church in which a temporal ruler extends his own powers to theological and ecclesiastical matters43
4265385227canon lawthe Church's own body of laws; this law applied to religious teachings, the behavior of the clergy, and even marriages and morals44
4265385228Carolingian familya group of Frankish nobles that took control of the Frankish empire45
4265385229Clovisking of the Franks who unified Gaul and established his capital at Paris and founded the Frankish monarchy46
4265385230excommunicationthe act of banishing a member of the Church from the communion of believers and the privileges of the Church47
4265385231interdictan ecclesiastical censure by the Roman Catholic Church withdrawing certain sacraments and Christian burial from a person or all persons in a particular district48
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