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AP World History Chapter 20 Flashcards

World Civilizations: The Global Experience AP Edition
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3959673534	The European slave trade out of Africa vastly expanded when...	...sugar plantations were established on the Atlantic islands and in the Americas.	0
3959673535	The large numbers and high volume of Africans in the slave trade was necessary because...	...the mortality of slaves was high and their birth rate was low.	1
3959673536	The largest number of enslaved Africans were sent to work in which of the following industries in the 1450-1750 era?	sugar	2
3959673537	What was one of the distinguishing features of slavery in Africa?	the enslavement of women and children for domestic labor	3
3959673538	What factor allowed Europeans to join in and profit from the commerce in slaves so quickly in the 16th century?	the well-established patterns of slavery in Africa prior to the arrival of European traders	4
3959673539	With regard to the slave trade and slavery in Africa, contacts with the Europeans...	...increased violence and the disruption within African societies.	5
3959673540	What processes occurred within Africa during the early modern period as a result of the influences of Islam and Western civilization?	-political reorganization, both in Saharan and sub-Saharan Africa -integration of African cultures and communities into the New World economy -increased religious conversion, both to Islam and various forms of Christianity -significant and permanent social change	6
3959673541	The Portuguese solidified commercial and cultural contacts in Africa through the creation of factories, which were...	forts and trading posts with resident merchants.	7
3959673542	Intensive production of which commodity greatly increased the importance of the slave trade for Portugal and Spain?	sugar	8
3959673543	All of these areas were major importers of African slaves EXCEPT...	British North America.	9
3959673544	Which European nation became a major player in the slave trade after seizing the important factory center at El Mina in 1637?	Holland	10
3959673545	What occupations did slaves perform throughout African societies prior to the inception of the European and Islamic slave systems?	-servants and concubines -administrators -agricultural laborers -soldiers	11
3959673546	Increased European presence and influence led to the rise of several new states in west and central Africa that based their power on control of which two commodities?	slaves and firearms	12
3959673547	On Zanzibar off the east African coast, Swahili, Indian, and Arab merchants adopted the European slave plantation system to cultivate which commodity crop?	cloves	13
3959673548	Which Nguni chiefdom's powerful military and political structure became a source of inspiration and fear for surrounding communities between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?	Zulu	14
3959673549	Slaves in the New World confronted difficulties forming families due to which circumstances?	-family members faced with the threat of separation at any time -difficult and exhausting working conditions -short and uncertain life spans -general shortages of female slaves	15
3959673550	Although similar in many ways in their relationship to the emerging world system, which African circumstances differed sharply from those prevalent in Latin America during the early modern period?	Africa remained independent of outside political control, and most cultural development was autonomous.	16
3959673551	Which African kingdom first converted to Christianity through the efforts of Portuguese missionaries?	Kongo	17
3959673552	What patterns of contact, established by the Portuguese, became standard for all European powers throughout the early modern period?	-predominantly commercial relations -alliances with local rulers -systems of fortified trading stations -combinations of force and diplomacy	18
3959673553	What type of African slaves was most prevalent in the trans-Saharan slave trade?	young women	19
3959673554	An Indies piece was...	...a Spanish term for the commercial value of a healthy male slave.	20
3959673555	Internal instability and competition for European and Islamic trade led to the rise of which professional cohort throughout central and west Africa between 1500 and 1750 C.E.?	soldiers and military commanders	21
3959673556	Which new empire, based on the Gold Coast, used a golden stool as its symbol of power and cultural unity?	Asante	22
3959673557	What forces encouraged Bantu tribes to move southward toward the southern tip of Africa throughout the eighteenth century C.E.?	-diverse patterns of political organization that led to the splitting of lineages to form new villages, which in turn encouraged southward migration -increased competition for land due to population growth -desire to acquire access to fertile coastal regions suitable for herding and grazing -competition over access to Portuguese and other European coastal trading stations	23
3959673558	The Middle Passage was...	...the traumatic slave journey across the Atlantic from Africa to the New World.	24
3959673559	The most successful example of African-American slave resistance and rebellion occurred in...	...Suriname.	25
3959673560	Nzinga Mvemba brought which kingdom to Christianity?	Kongo	26
3959673561	A central element to Portuguese production was...	slavery	27
3959673562	The first slaves were brought to Portugal in...	1441	28
3959673563	Between 1450 and 1850, _______ slaves were shipped across the Atlantic.	12 million	29
3959673564	The Caribbean islands were dedicated to _______ production.	sugar	30
3959673565	By the seventeenth century, ________ was the largest supplier of slaves.	west central Africa	31
3959673566	Which of the following aided Africa in regaining some of its lost population during slave trade?	the introduction of new crops	32
3959673567	Some historians argue the profit of the slave trade inadvertently led to the...	industrial revolution	33
3959673568	In the Muslim faith,...	...the enslavement of nonbelievers was acceptable.	34
3959673569	During the seventeenth century, the kingdom of Dahomey created an autocratic empire due to access to...	firearms	35
3959673570	Who preached a jihad against the Hausa kings?	Usuman Dan Fodio	36
3959673571	A Boer refers to...	...a Dutch farmer in South Africa.	37
3959673572	Shaka of the Zulus was assassinated in...	...1828.	38
3959673573	Which of the following is NOT true regarding the Middle Passage?	The Middle Passage usually stripped slaves of their religious beliefs.	39
3959673574	The Portuguese were the first Europeans to establish a slave trade.	true	40
3959673575	A saltwater slave refers to a native Africa slave.	true	41
3959673576	The Asante people used peaceful tactics in order to expand their empire.	false	42
3959673577	Virginia and the Carolinas imported more slaves than the Caribbean and Brazil.	false	43
3959673578	The Europeans abhorred African art.	false	44
3959673579	Control of the slave trade generally reflected the politics in Europe.	true	45
3959673580	France was the key proponent for the end of slave trade.	false	46
3959673581	The Boers embarked on the Great Trek in order to be free of government interference.	true	47
3959673582	The slave trade negatively impacted both the east and west coasts of Africa.	false	48
3959673583	The slave population in the southern United States never grew due to climate.	false	49

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AP World History Chapter 14 Flashcards

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3894166505	The Great Dying	When the europeans came to the Americas, they brought a lot of foreign diseases with them. They infected everyone who wasnt immune (the native population) and most of them ended up dying.	0
3894166506	Columbian Exchange	New foods, animals, and African slaves were brought into the Americas. The Americas sent food to Afro- Eurasia. This increased population and improved the economy.	1
3894166507	Peninsulares	People born in Spain	2
3894166508	Mestizo	A mixed race/ population originally the product of Spanish men and Indian women	3
3894166509	Mulattos	A mixed race originally the product of Portuguese and African union	4
3894166510	Plantation Complex	Plantations that largely relied on African slave labor	5
3894166511	Settler Colonies	Colonies where the population was almost all foreign settlers, with very little native peoples	6
3936416235	Siberia	Located east of Russia and was eventually conquered by Russians.	7
3936416236	Yasak	Tribute that the Russians demanded their subjects pay to them.	8
3936416237	Qing Dynasty Empire	(Or Manchu Dynasty) 1644-1912. They undertook an enormous project of imperial expansion	9
3936416238	Mughal	A gunpowder empire located in India who ruled over a diverse Muslim/ Hindu population. Created by Turkic warrior groups.	10
3936416239	Aurangzeb	(1658-1707) Mughal emperor who reversed Akbar's policies of accommodation and sought to impose Islamic supremacy.	11
3936416240	Ottoman Empire	Created by Turkic warrior groups. Beginning around 1300 in a base area of Anatolia. Eventually covered much of the Middle East, North Africa, and Southeastern Europe. Islamic world's most significant empire.	12
3936416241	Constantinople 1453	The year that Constantinople fell to the invaders. Renamed Istanbul, this former Christian city became capital of the Ottoman Empire.	13
3936416242	Devshrime		14

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ap language Flashcards

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3740415888	allegory	A literary work in which characters, objects, or actions represent abstractions	0
3740462578	alliteration	Repetition of consonant sounds	1
3740466611	allusion	A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art.	2
3740478284	ambiguity	The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage.	3
3740480361	analogy	A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them.can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with or pointing out its similarity to something more familiar.	4
3740497755	antecedent	The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.	5
3740501497	antithesis	the opposition or contrast of ideas, the direct opposite	6
3740509717	aphorism	A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle. it can be a memorable summation of the author's point	7
3740520091	apostrophe	A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love.	8
3740522309	atmosphere	The emotional nod created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described.	9
3740526374	caricature	a verbal description, the purpose of which is to exaggerate or distort, for comic effect, a person's distinctive physical features or other characteristics.	10
3740531919	clause	A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb.	11
3740535118	colloquial	the use of slang or informalities in speech or writing	12
3740544441	conceit	A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects.	13
3740654999	connotation	An idea that is implied or suggested	14
3740657294	denotation	The dictionary definition of a word	15
3740658502	diction	Choice of words	16
3740662902	didactic	Intended to teach	17
3740667108	euphemism	From the Greek for "good speech," they are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept - POLITICALLY CORRECT	18
3740672043	extended metaphor	A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work.	19
3740674085	figurative language	Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid	20
3740678993	generic conventions	This term describes traditions for each genre. These help to define each genre	21
3740756603	genre	A category or type of literature (or of art, music, etc.) characterized by a particular form, style, or content.	22
3740758738	homily	This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.	23
3740761555	hyperbole	A figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor	24
3740763440	imagery	Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)	25
3740765551	inference	A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning	26
3740778782	invective	An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.	27
3740780397	irony	Contrast between expectation and reality	28
3740789192	deductive	A type of logic in which specific results are predicted from a general premise.	29
3740792727	loose sentence	A type of sentence in which the main idea comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses	30
3740794762	metaphor	A comparison that establishes a figurative identity between objects being compared.	31
3740798481	metonymy	A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it	32
3740802002	mood	Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader	33
3740805768	narrative	The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events.	34
3740809893	onomatopoeia	A word that imitates the sound it represents.	35
3740809894	oxymoron	A combination of contradictory terms	36
3740813257	paradox	A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.	37
3740815028	parallelism	It refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity.	38
3740929893	parody	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.	39
3740931636	pedantic	An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish.	40
3740934480	periodic sentence	a sentence that expresses the main idea at the end	41
3740936499	personification	A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes	42
3740938007	point of view	The perspective from which a story is told	43
3740938055	prose	any written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure.	44
3740946330	repetition	Repeating a word, phrase, or idea for emphasis or rhythmic effect	45
3740949242	rhetoric	Effective writing or speaking	46
3740954635	sarcasm	the use of irony to mock or convey contempt	47
3740954636	satire	A literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.	48
3740957617	semantics	The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one another.	49
3740965804	style	(1) An evaluation of the sum of the choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, a (2) Classification of authors to a group and comparison of an author to similar authors.	50
3740972694	subject complement	The word (with any accompanying phrases) or clause that follows a linking verb and complements, or completes, the subject of the sentence by either (1) renaming it (the predicate nominative) or (2) describing it (the predicate adjective).	51
3740976950	subordinate clause	A clause in a complex sentence that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence and that functions within the sentence as a noun or adjective or adverb	52
3740980581	syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.	53
3741135088	symbol	A thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a material object representing something else	54
3741135089	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is used to represent a whole	55
3741142180	synesthesia	Describing one kind of sensation in terms of another	56
3741146518	syntax	Sentence structure	57
3741146519	theme	Central idea of a work of literature	58
3741148165	thesis	Focus statement of an essay; premise statement upon which the point of view or discussion in the essay is based.	59
3741149437	tone	A writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels.	60
3741149438	transition	A word or phrase that links one idea to the next and carries the reader from sentence to sentence, paragraph to paragraph	61
3741152604	understatement	the ironic minimalizing of fact, it presents something as less significant than it is.	62
3741157288	wit	intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights	63
3741306726	inductive	A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations.	64

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Ch. 12 Ap World History Flashcards

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3724532526	What was the Era of Division?	When Chin was split up into a series of states that were not ruled by a single ruler.	0
3724534900	What was the capital of the Southern Song dynasty?	Hangzhou	1
3724537473	Describe the urbanization of the Tang- Song era.	Trade flourished Towns turned into cities job specialization 10% of people in cities	2
3724542200	What dynasty ended the period of political chaos after the fall of the Qin- Han?	Sui Dynasty	3
3724545225	What made possible the rapid revival of the empire under the Tang?	lowers taxes treaties with nomadic invaders fixed Great Wall Confucian Idealology	4
3724548264	Who was the man responsible for the creation of the Sui dynasty?	Wendi	5
3724551517	Who murdered and took the throne from Wendi?	Yuangdi	6
3724556150	What made the reunification of China under the first Sui emperor possible?	Treaties with nomadic invaders nomadic commanders	7
3724589226	What was the primary reform enacted during the reign of the first Sui emperor?	restablished the core areas of China public graineries lowers taxes	8
3724560357	Unlike his father, who did the second Sui emperor favor?	Confucians the upper class	9
3724563263	What led to the downfall of the Sui dynasty?	overspreading of military campaigns	10
3724568140	Who was the founder of the Tang dynasty?	Li Yuan	11
3724571632	Concerning the extent of the Tang empire, how did it compare to Han China and modern day China?	large longer more advancements	12
3724575809	What was the attitude of the Tang emperors toward the Confucian scholar-gentry?	offset aristocrats valued them for education arts	13
3724585997	What ministry of the central imperial government was responsible for the administration of the examination system?	Ministry of Rights	14
3724599572	How did one earn the title of jinshi? How was one rewarded for the title?	1)Passed difficult service exams 2) high respect, better jobs, different cloths, security	15
3724604744	Did birth and family connections continue to be important for entry in the Chinese bureaucracy.	Yes still influential especially towards the emperor.	16
3724608076	Members of the elite class of China were more attracted to what variant of Buddhism?	Chan	17
3724614062	Describe Pure Land Buddhism:	1) It was founded by Chinese monks 2) It appealed to the Chinese commoners 3) It was a salvationist variant of Buddhism 4) It offered a refuge from war and turmoil	18
3724618313	What Tang ruler actually attempted to have Buddhism recognized as a state religion?	Empress Wu	19
3724625412	What proved to be the most damaging attack on Buddhism's popularity with the people during the early Tang dynasty?	lost money cannot be taxed government money wasted	20
3724628999	In what decade did open persecution of Buddhism within the Chinese empire begin?	840	21
3724637765	What was the impact on Buddhism as a result of the imperial attempt by the Tang to suppress Buddhism within the Chinese empire?	became less popular monastary attacked never the same political influence	22
3724644576	What was the impact on Confucianism of the Tang repression of the Buddhists?	confucian came to power central idealogy	23
3724647508	Which emperor's reign marked the high point of the Tang power?	Xuanzong	24
3724650162	What were problems of the late Tang dynasty?	1) The revolt of An Lushan 2) the entry of nomads into large areas of the nothern China plain 3) The Huang -chao rebellion 4) Independant rulers collected their own taxes	25
3724654331	Who was the founder of the Song dynasty?	Zhao Kuangyin	26
3724659475	The first Song emperor restored the unity of China EXCEPT for what northern dynasty?	Liao Dynasty	27
3724662578	How did the Song empire compare to the Tang?	smaller but succesful less unity	28
3724668697	Describe the position of the scholar-gentry under the Song dynasty?	scholar-gentry = better then aristocrats	29
3724671927	Who was the most prominent of the neo-Confucians during the Song era?	Zhu Xi	30
3724676129	Describe the impact of the development of the neo-Confucian schools of thought?	enforce patriorical school of thought hostle to forein phylisophical system reinfored gender roles	31
3724692416	Wang Anshi, a prime minister on the 1070's and 1080's attempted to reform Song government on the basis of the Confucian school of thought?	Legalist	32
3724714313	What reforms did Wang Anshi introduce in the face of conservative opposition?	1)the introduction of the government-assisted irrigation projects to encourage agricultural expansion 2) Taxation of the landlord and scholary classes 3) the establishment of well-trained mercenary forces 4) Reorganization of university education	33
3724717539	What caused the flight of the Song dynasty from its capital in northern China?	Jurchens	34
3724720585	Why was the construction of the Grand Canal necessary?	Major flood of the Yangtze population shift connect the north and south	35
3724726820	What were some economic developments during the period of the commercial expansion during the Tang and Song dynasty?	increased trade new innovations of trade flying money military domination of the sea	36
3724730820	What were some the agricultural policies of the Sui and Tang emperors?	state giving land to peasants	37
3724740578	What was a primary difference between marriges, families, and household of upper and lower classes in Tang-Song China?	High class women had more rights/ foot-binding/ curved roofs	38
3724745010	Which of the following statements concerning the status of women in the Tang-Song era is most accurate?	The assertian of male dominace within the family was especially pronounced in the thinking of the neo-Confucian philosophers.	39
3724746220	Describe Chinese landscaping:	the painting stood for bigger philosophical ideas	40
3724751325	In what way did foot-binding serve to diminish the independence of the Chinese women by the end of the Song era?	It was uncomfortable and prevented them from leaving the house	41
3724756438	What were two technological innovations of the Tang-Song era? Explain their impact.	flying money: better to move junks: faster travel	42
3724762093	What intellectual school was responsible for the production of the most literary and artistic works during the Tang-Song era?	Confucianism	43
3724766440	What artisan was responsible for the development of movable type?	Shang	44
3724770498	What was the most outstanding poet of the Tang era?	Li Bo	45
3724775978	During the Song dynasty the interest of Confucian intellectuals in nature was the most apparent in their production of _________.	landscape paintings	46
3724784461	What group was responsible for the fall of the southern Song dynasty in 1279?	Mongols	47

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AP World History Ch. 27 Vocabulary Flashcards

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3646758611	Matteo Ricci	An Italian Jesuit who founded the Jesuit mission in China and became extremely popular in the Ming court.	0
3646758612	Jesuit missionaries	The most prominent Christian missionaries in China.	1
3646758613	Guangzhou	A trading port in coastal China that was a prominent center of trade with European powers.	2
3646758614	Ming	The Chinese dynasty that took over after the Yuan collapsed; name literally means "brilliant."	3
3646758615	Great Wall	A massive structure in northern China meant to protect against invading nomadic peoples.	4
3646758616	Manchus	The nomadic people who founded the Qing dynasty.	5
3646758617	Qing	The Chinese dynasty that followed the Ming; founded by the Manchus.	6
3646758618	Forbidden City	A protected imperial retreat in the center of Beijing.	7
3646758619	Beijing	The Ming imperial capital established by Yongle.	8
3646758620	Kowtow	A ritual performed by people having a personal audience with the emperor, including 3 kneelings and 9 head knockings.	9
3646758621	Foot binding	The practice of deforming women's feet to keep them subservient to men.	10
3646758622	Yongle Encyclopedia	An enormous collection of Chinese philosophical, literary and historical texts.	11
3646758623	Neo-Confucianism	The combination of the ethical & political values of Confucianism with the logic & speculation of Buddhism.	12
3646758624	Queue	A hairstyle worn by men in which hair is grown long and gathered up into a ponytail. It is often braided.	13
3646758625	Self-ringing bells	A Chinese term for European chiming clocks.	14
3646758626	Nestorian Christians	The original Christian power in China; they had a presence there starting in the seventh century CE.	15
3646758627	Edo	The bureaucratic capital of the Tokugawa shogunate; modern Tokyo.	16
3646758628	Daimyo	The Japanese landowners and nobility.	17
3646758629	Tokugawa	The Japanese state established as a temporary military government in 1600 that ruled until 1867.	18
3646758630	Shogun	Theoretically, the temporary stand-in for the Japanese emperor; "military governor" in Japanese.	19
3646758631	Nagasaki	The only port in Tokugawa Japan in which foreign merchants were allowed to trade.	20
3646758632	Bushido	The code of the samurai warriors.	21
3646795929	Samurai	The military force of the Japanese shoguns.	22
3646795930	Zen	The Japanese term for Chan Buddhism, or the blend of Buddhism and Chinese teachings.	23
3646795931	Kyoto	The imperial capital of Tokugawa Japan.	24
3646795932	Osaka	The commercial center of the Japanese islands.	25
3646795933	Floating worlds	Centers of entertainment, pleasure and, general urban culture in Tokugawa cities.	26
3646795934	Kabuki	A Japanese theater show consisting of several lively acts containing music, dancing and spectacular staging.	27
3646795935	Dutch learning/Dutch studies	Japanese studies of the outside world at Nagasaki with the assistance of Dutch merchants.	28

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AP World History Vocab #2 Flashcards

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3351013435	Abdicate	To relinquish or give up ruling power	0
3351013436	Abrogate	To officially cancel, abolish, or revoke	1
3351013437	Agnostic	A person who believes it is impossible to know of God's existence or of anything beyond the physical universe	2
3351013438	Attrition	A gradual wearing down or reduction in the strength or numbers of an enemy through sustained attack or pressure; a reduction in the number of employees through retirement or resignation	3
3351013439	Ecclesiastical	Relating to a church or religious organization	4
3351013440	Hegemony	Dominant control, power, or influence	5
3351013441	Hubris	Arrogant conceit, confidence, and pride	6
3351013442	Iconoclast	One who seeks to disprove traditional or popular belief	7
3351013443	Latent	Something that exists such as a skill or wealth but is not yet recognized	8
3351013444	Machination	A clever plot or scheme	9
3351013445	Plausible	Credible, believable, having an appearance of truth	10
3351013446	Polarize	To separate into groups that have extremely opposing viewpoints	11
3351013447	Secular	Not related to religion or a church	12
3351013448	Sedition	An attempt to stir up or support revolution	13
3351013449	Specious	Deliberately misleading in appearance	14
3351013450	Tenable	Capable of being defended	15
3351013451	Tenuous	Weak, flimsy	16
3351013452	Viable	Capable of working or surviving successfully	17
3351013453	Virulent	Extremely harmful or deadly, full of malice	18
3351013454	Volatile	Likely to change rapidly and unpredictably with a possibility of explosive violence	19

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AP World History: Ancient World Flashcards

First set of words in the AP World History book by the Princeton Review.

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6309646789	Agriculture	The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.	0
6309646790	Agrarian	pertaining to land or its cultivation; Ex. agrarian reform, agrarian society	1
6309646791	Bands/ Clans	extended family groups that generally lived together	2
6309646792	Barbarian	without civilizing influences	3
6309646793	Bureaucracy	system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials (not elected)	4
6309646794	Civilization	a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)	5
6309646795	City-States	different sections of land owned by the same country but ruled by different rulers (e.g. Greece)	6
6309646796	Classical	of or characteristic of a form or system felt to be of first significance before modern times	7
6309646797	Domestication	process of changing plants or animals to make them more useful to humans	8
6309646798	Economy	system by which goods and services are produced and distributed to meet people's needs	9
6309646799	Egalitarian	a person who believes in the equality of all people	10
6309646800	Emperor	supreme ruler of an empire	11
6309646801	Empire	many territories, countries, or peoples controlled by one government (also just any territory ruled by an emperor)	12
6309646802	Feudalism	a political system and a social system where by a powerful lord would offer "protection" in return for "service"	13
6309646803	Foraging	the process of scavenging for food	14
6309646804	Hierarchy	a series of ordered groupings of people or things within a system	15
6309646805	Hierarchical	Of, relating to, or arranged in a hierarchy	16
6309646806	Hunter-Gatherer	A hunter-gatherer society is one whose primary subsistence method involves the direct procurement of edible plants and animals from the wild, foraging and hunting without significant recourse to the domestication of either plants nor animals	17
6309646807	Irrigation	supplying dry land with water by means of ditches, sprinklers, etc.	18
6309646808	Monarchy	a government in which power is in the hands of a single person who usually inherits their power	19
6309646809	Monotheism	belief in a single God	20
6309646810	Neolithic	The New Stone Age from circa 8500 to 4500 BCE: The period of the Stone Age associated with the ancient Agricultural Revolution(s)	21
6309646811	Nomadic	(of groups of people) tending to travel and change settlements frequently	22
6309646812	Pastoral	relating to shepherds or herdsmen or devoted to raising sheep or cattle (e.g. pastoral peoples)	23
6309646813	Paleolithic	The Old Stone Age from circa 750,00 to 500,000 years BCE to 8,500 years BCE: The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans and the development of minor tools	24
6309646814	Philosophy	the rational investigation of questions about existence, knowledge, and ethics	25
6309646815	Polytheism	belief in multiple Gods	26
6309646816	River Valley	the fertile land surrounding a river- the first civilizations arose near them	27
6309646817	Sedentary	remaining in one place	28
6309646818	Settlement	the act of colonizing or a small group of people in a sedentary position	29
6309646819	Subsistence	the necessities of life, the resources of survival	30
6309646820	Surplus	a quantity much larger than is needed	31
6309646821	Sustenance	the act of sustaining life by food or providing a means of subsistence	32
6309646822	Theocracy	government run by religious leaders	33
6309646823	Traditional	consisting of or derived from tradition; customary practices	34
6309646824	Urbanization	the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban	35
6309646825	Vassals	lesser lords who pledged their service and loyalty to a greater lord -- in a military capacity	36
6309646826	Alexander the Great	king of Macedon, conqueror of Greece, Egypt, and Persia; founder of Alexandria (356-323 BC)	37
6309646827	Analects of Confucius	"something that is repeated" - a collection of Confucius' famous sayings	38
6309646828	Bronze Age	a period between the Stone and Iron ages, characterized by the manufacture and use of bronze tools and weapons	39
6309646829	Calendar	a system of timekeeping that defines the beginning and length and divisions of the year	40
6309646830	Code of Hammurabi	the set of laws drawn up by Babylonian king Hammurabi dating to the 18th century BC, the earliest legal code known in its entirety	41
6309646831	Cuneiform	One of the first written languages known: A system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllables. It originated in Mesopotamia and was used initially for Sumerian and Akkadian but later was adapted to represent other languages of western Asia.	42
6309646832	Democracy	a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them	43
6309646833	Eight Fold Path	Eight steps to end suffering and attain enlightenment according to Buddhist tradition.	44
6309646834	Four Noble Truths	as taught by the Buddha, the four basic beliefs that form the foundation of Buddhism	45
6309646835	Gothic Migrations	The Migration period, also called the Barbarian Invasions or German: Völkerwanderung (wandering of the peoples), was a period of human migration that occurred roughly between the years 300 to 700 CE in Europe, marking the transition from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages. These movements were catalyzed by profound changes within both the Roman Empire and the so-called 'barbarian frontier'. Migrating peoples during this period included the Goths, Vandals, Bulgars, Alans, Suebi, Frisians, and Franks, among other Germanic and Slavic tribes.	46
6309646836	Great Wall	a fortification 1,500 miles long built across northern China in the 3rd century BC	47
6309646837	Han Dynasty	imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time from 206 BC to AD 220) and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy	48
6309646838	Hellenism	The ideals and principles that spread from Greece through much of the ancient world. Much of its influence such as philosophy, athletics, and architecture penetrated the Middle East.	49
6309646839	The Huns	Fierce warriors from Central Asia- First invaded southeastern Europe and then launched raids on nearby kingdoms	50
6309646840	Indian Ocean Trade	connected to Europe, Africa, and China.; worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion.	51
6309646841	Iron Age	the period following the Bronze Age; characterized by rapid spread of iron tools and weapons	52
6309646842	Jewish Diaspora	A "scattering" of the Jewish people	53
6309646843	Legalism	In Chinese history, Legalism was one of the main philosophic currents during the Warring States Period- A philosophy of focusing on the text of written law to the exclusion of the intent of law, elevating strict adherence to law over justice, mercy and common sense	54
6309646844	Pax Romana	A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180.	55
6309646845	Pyramids	Huge stone tombs with four triangle-shaped walls that met in a point on top	56
6309646846	Roman Republic	The period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate.	57
6309646847	Roman Senate	a council of wealthy and powerful Romans that advised the city's leaders	58
6309646848	Shang Civilization	China's first dynasty almost 2000 BCE	59
6309646849	Shi Huang Di	harsh ruler who united China for the first time and used legalism in ruling (Qin China)	60
6309646850	Siddhartha Gautama	founder of Buddhism; born a prince; left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering; also know as Buddha	61
6309646851	Silk Road Trade	The most famous of the trading routes established by pastoral nomads connecting the Chinese, Indian, Persian, and Mediterranean civilizations; transmitted goods and ideas among civilization.	62
6309646852	The Torah	the most sacred text of Judaism	63
6309646853	The Vedas of Hinduism	Aryan hymns originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century B.C.E.	64
6309646854	Ziggurats	a temple or tomb of the ancient Assyrians, Sumerians, or Babylonians, having the form of a terraced pyramid of successively receding stories	65
6309646855	Christianity	Monotheistic religion born out of Judaism, preached by Jesus of Nazareth and later codified by his disciples. Persecuted by Romans early on; however, gained support under Constantine in the Rome.	66
6309646856	Buddhism	originally preached by Siddhartha and codified by his disciples into the sutras. Rejected Vedic rituals and the caste system. Spread throughout SE Asia and China and split into Mahayana(Buddha as a God, local gods tacked on as Bodhisativas) and Theravada(original, strict non-theistic version).	67
6309646857	Asoka	Third ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India (r. 270-232 B.C.E.). He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing.	68
6309646858	Hinduism	Term for a wide variety of beliefs and ritual practices that have developed in the Indian subcontinent since antiquity. It has roots in ancient Vedic, Buddhist, and south Indian religious concepts and practices.	69
6309646859	Trans Saharan	route across the sahara desert. Major trade route that traded for gold and salt, created caravan routes, economic benefit for controlling dessert, camels played a huge role in the trading	70
6309646860	Monsoons	Major winds in the Indian Ocean that blew into India for half the year, and blew away from India for the other half. Helped facilitate trade in the Indian Ocean.	71
6309646861	Sumerians	people who dominated Southern Mesopotamia through the end of the 3rd Millennium BCE. Responsible for the creation of irrigation technology, cuneiform, and religious conceptions.	72
6309646862	Indo-Europeans	Groups of people who came from the area north of the Caucasus mountains, which are between the Black and Caspian seas. Herded multiple animals. Rode into battle on chariots. The Indo-European language of Sanskrit, by the Aryans, are the basis of many languages today. Often accepted and adapted aspects of technology, religions, and social order of those with whom they came in contact.	73
6309646863	Before agriculture, men and women are believed to have a greater degree of equality. But after the rise of agriculture, most human societies became ________ as a result of greater male strength.	Patriarchal	74
6309646864	caste system	a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society, there was virtually no social mobility	75
6309646865	Paleolithic	(Old Stone Age) a long period of human development before the development of agriculture	76
6309646866	Carthage	This city has existed for nearly 3,000 years, developing from a Phoenician colony of the 1st millennium BC into the capital of the Carthaginian Empire. Controlled commerce in the Mediterranean prior to the rise of Roman Power. The expanding Roman Republic took control of many of its outposts after the two Punic Wars.	77
6309646867	Hellenization	The spread of Greek language and culture (Hellenism) throughout the Mediterranean, starting with t he conquests of Alexander the Great. Upon Alexander's death at the age of thirty-three (323 B.C.E.), his realm was divided among his leading generals. During their reigns and those of their successors, Hellenism (i.e., Greek culture) continued to flourish in major urban centers around the eastern Mediterranean (less so in rural areas). People traveling to different areas could communicate with people of other kingdoms through Greek. More than at any time in previous history, the eastern Mediterranean that emerged in Alexander's wake experienced a form of cultural unity and cosmopolitanism (a "cosmopolite" is a "citizen of the world," as opposed to a person who belongs to only one locality). The Roman Empire arose in the context of the Hellenistic world and took full advantage of its unity, promoting the use of Greek language, accepting aspects of Greek culture, and even taking over features of the Greek religion, to the point that the Greek and Roman gods came to be thought of as the same, only with different names. This complex unity achieved culturally through Hellenization and politically through the conquests of Rome is summed up by the term Greco-Roman world.	78
6309646868	Daoism	Chinese religion that believes the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from 'the way' or 'path' of nature.	79

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AP World History Strayer Chapter 10 Vocab Flashcards

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8008434439	Nubian Christianity	Definition: (5th/6th century) Several kingdoms of Nubia Christian church thrived for 600 years. Significance: It largely disappeared because of the conversion to Islam.	0
8008434440	Jesus Sutras	Definition: Products of Nestorian Christians in China. Significance: Sutras articulate the Christian message using Buddhist and Daoist concepts.	1
8008434441	Ethiopian Christianity	Definition: (4th century) Conversion of rulers in Axum (highlands of Ethiopia). Significance: More resilient than other early Christian church. It was largely cut off from other parts of Christendom because of its distinctive traits differed from other Christian churches.	2
8008434442	Byzantine Empire	Definition: Surviving Eastern Roman Empire (on the site of new capital: Constantinople). Significance: Eastern Power with Eastern Orthodox Christianity (the power transfer to the East). Where scholars, technology, and more was promoted.	3
8008434443	Constantinople	Definition: New capital of eastern half of Roman Empire. Significance: Highly defensible and economically important site helped assure city's cultural and strategic importance.	4
8008434444	Justinian	Definition: Byzantine Emperor (527 - 565 CE). Significance: Short-lived conquest of much of the former Western Roman Empire and codification of Roman law.	5
8008434445	Caesaropapism	Definition: Political and religious system in which the secular ruler is also the head of the religious establishment (Byzantine Empire). Significance: Allowed the Emperor to be head of state (Caeser) and head of the church (Pope). He was all powerful.	6
8008434446	Eastern Orthodox Christianity	Definition: A branch of Christianity that developed in the eastern part of the Roman Empire. Significance: The subordinate of the church of political authority (married clergy, beard, and ultimate authority in belief).	7
8008434447	Icons	Definition: Holy images venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church. Significance: It caused conflicts between Christian sects. Icons vs no Icons.	8
8008434448	Prince Vladimir of Kiev	Definition: Grand Prince of Kiev (978 - 1015 CE). Significance: Converted to Orthodox Christianity which led to the incorporation of Russia into the sphere of Eastern Orthodoxy.	9
8008434449	Kievan Rus	Definition: State that emerged around the city of Kiev (9th century). Significance: A culturally diverse region with Vikings, Finnic, and Baltic peoples. It became part of the Eastern Orthodox.	10
8008434450	Charlemagne	Definition: The ruler of the Carolingian Empire (768 - 814 CE). Significance: Staged an imperial revival in Western Europe. He was also crowned Holy Emperor by the Pope. He expanded the empire and broke the "dark ages" of Europe.	11
8008434451	Holy Roman Empire	Definition: Describes the Germanic-based empire founded by Otto I in 962. Significance: The revival of Frankish Empire (Charlemagne emperor). It was a multi-ethnic European super-state.	12
8008434452	Roman Catholic Church	Definition: Western European branch of Christianity (separate from the Eastern Orthodox). Significance: The religious power in the West with the Pope and Bishops. With the Pope as the authority in matters of doctrine (called for crusades).	13
8008434453	Western Christendom	Definition: West European branch of Christianity. Significance: It was separate from Eastern Orthodox with a major break that still isn't healed.	14
8008434454	Cecilia Penifader	Definition: Illiterate peasant woman from English village. Significance: Provided a way to look into the conditions of ordinary rural people even though her life was more independent and prosperous than most.	15
8008434455	Crusades	Definition: "Ventures of the Cross" meaning the holy wars waged by the Western Christendom (1095 until the end of the Middle Ages). Significance: Crusaders declared by Pope (only him) and were marked by participants swearing a vow and receiving indulgence in return. (The fight with Isam and the East).	16