AP Language Fallacies Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5437902305 | Missing the point | Definition: The premises of an argument do support a particular conclusion—but not the conclusion that the arguer actually draws. Example: "The seriousness of a punishment should match the seriousness of the crime. Right now, the punishment for drunk driving may simply be a fine. But drunk driving is a very serious crime that can kill innocent people. So the death penalty should be the punishment for drunk driving." The argument actually supports several conclusions—"The punishment for drunk driving should be very serious," in particular—but it doesn't support the claim that the death penalty, specifically, is warranted. | 0 | |
| 5437935044 | Hasty Generalization | UNC: Definition: Making assumptions about a whole group or range of cases based on a sample that is inadequate (usually because it is atypical or too small). Stereotypes about people ("librarians are shy and smart," "wealthy people are snobs," etc.) are a common example of the principle underlying hasty generalization. Example: "My roommate said her philosophy class was hard, and the one I'm in is hard, too. All philosophy classes must be hard!" Two people's experiences are, in this case, not enough on which to base a conclusion. OWL: This is a conclusion based on insufficient or biased evidence. In other words, you are rushing to a conclusion before you have all the relevant facts. Example: Even though it's only the first day, I can tell this is going to be a boring course. In this example, the author is basing his evaluation of the entire course on only the first day, which is notoriously boring and full of housekeeping tasks for most courses. To make a fair and reasonable evaluation the author must attend not one but several classes, and possibly even examine the textbook, talk to the professor, or talk to others who have previously finished the course in order to have sufficient evidence to base a conclusion on. | 1 | |
| 5437941270 | Post hoc (False cause) | UNC: Definition: Assuming that because B comes after A, A caused B. Of course, sometimes one event really does cause another one that comes later—for example, if I register for a class, and my name later appears on the roll, it's true that the first event caused the one that came later. But sometimes two events that seem related in time aren't really related as cause and event. That is, correlation isn't the same thing as causation. Examples: "President Jones raised taxes, and then the rate of violent crime went up. Jones is responsible for the rise in crime." The increase in taxes might or might not be one factor in the rising crime rates, but the argument hasn't shown us that one caused the other. OWL: This is a conclusion that assumes that if 'A' occurred after 'B' then 'B' must have caused 'A.' Example: I drank bottled water and now I am sick, so the water must have made me sick. In this example, the author assumes that if one event chronologically follows another the first event must have caused the second. But the illness could have been caused by the burrito the night before, a flu bug that had been working on the body for days, or a chemical spill across campus. There is no reason, without more evidence, to assume the water caused the person to be sick. | 2 | |
| 5437943679 | Slippery slope | UNC: Definition: The arguer claims that a sort of chain reaction, usually ending in some dire consequence, will take place, but there's really not enough evidence for that assumption. The arguer asserts that if we take even one step onto the "slippery slope," we will end up sliding all the way to the bottom; he or she assumes we can't stop partway down the hill. Example: "Animal experimentation reduces our respect for life. If we don't respect life, we are likely to be more and more tolerant of violent acts like war and murder. Soon our society will become a battlefield in which everyone constantly fears for their lives. It will be the end of civilization. To prevent this terrible consequence, we should make animal experimentation illegal right now." Since animal experimentation has been legal for some time and civilization has not yet ended, it seems particularly clear that this chain of events won't necessarily take place. Even if we believe that experimenting on animals reduces respect for life, and loss of respect for life makes us more tolerant of violence, that may be the spot on the hillside at which things stop—we may not slide all the way down to the end of civilization. And so we have not yet been given sufficient reason to accept the arguer's conclusion that we must make animal experimentation illegal right now. Like post hoc, slippery slope can be a tricky fallacy to identify, since sometimes a chain of events really can be predicted to follow from a certain action. Here's an example that doesn't seem fallacious: "If I fail English 101, I won't be able to graduate. If I don't graduate, I probably won't be able to get a good job, and I may very well end up doing temp work or flipping burgers for the next year." OWL: This is a conclusion based on the premise that if A happens, then eventually through a series of small steps, through B, C,..., X, Y, Z will happen, too, basically equating A and Z. So, if we don't want Z to occur, A must not be allowed to occur either. Example: If we ban Hummers because they are bad for the environment eventually the government will ban all cars, so we should not ban Hummers. In this example, the author is equating banning Hummers with banning all cars, which is not the same thing. | 3 | |
| 5437948017 | Weak Analogy | Definition: Many arguments rely on an analogy between two or more objects, ideas, or situations. If the two things that are being compared aren't really alike in the relevant respects, the analogy is a weak one, and the argument that relies on it commits the fallacy of weak analogy. Example: "Guns are like hammers—they're both tools with metal parts that could be used to kill someone. And yet it would be ridiculous to restrict the purchase of hammers—so restrictions on purchasing guns are equally ridiculous." While guns and hammers do share certain features, these features (having metal parts, being tools, and being potentially useful for violence) are not the ones at stake in deciding whether to restrict guns. Rather, we restrict guns because they can easily be used to kill large numbers of people at a distance. This is a feature hammers do not share—it would be hard to kill a crowd with a hammer. Thus, the analogy is weak, and so is the argument based on it. If you think about it, you can make an analogy of some kind between almost any two things in the world: "My paper is like a mud puddle because they both get bigger when it rains (I work more when I'm stuck inside) and they're both kind of murky." So the mere fact that you can draw an analogy between two things doesn't prove much, by itself. Arguments by analogy are often used in discussing abortion—arguers frequently compare fetuses with adult human beings, and then argue that treatment that would violate the rights of an adult human being also violates the rights of fetuses. Whether these arguments are good or not depends on the strength of the analogy: do adult humans and fetuses share the properties that give adult humans rights? If the property that matters is having a human genetic code or the potential for a life full of human experiences, adult humans and fetuses do share that property, so the argument and the analogy are strong; if the property is being self-aware, rational, or able to survive on one's own, adult humans and fetuses don't share it, and the analogy is weak. | 4 | |
| 5437953629 | Appeal to authority | Definition: Often we add strength to our arguments by referring to respected sources or authorities and explaining their positions on the issues we're discussing. If, however, we try to get readers to agree with us simply by impressing them with a famous name or by appealing to a supposed authority who really isn't much of an expert, we commit the fallacy of appeal to authority. Example: "We should abolish the death penalty. Many respected people, such as actor Guy Handsome, have publicly stated their opposition to it." While Guy Handsome may be an authority on matters having to do with acting, there's no particular reason why anyone should be moved by his political opinions—he is probably no more of an authority on the death penalty than the person writing the paper. | 5 | |
| 5437955820 | Ad populum | UNC: Definition: The Latin name of this fallacy means "to the people." There are several versions of the ad populum fallacy, but in all of them, the arguer takes advantage of the desire most people have to be liked and to fit in with others and uses that desire to try to get the audience to accept his or her argument. One of the most common versions is the bandwagon fallacy, in which the arguer tries to convince the audience to do or believe something because everyone else (supposedly) does. Example: "Gay marriages are just immoral. 70% of Americans think so!" While the opinion of most Americans might be relevant in determining what laws we should have, it certainly doesn't determine what is moral or immoral: there was a time where a substantial number of Americans were in favor of segregation, but their opinion was not evidence that segregation was moral. The arguer is trying to get us to agree with the conclusion by appealing to our desire to fit in with other Americans. OWL: This is an emotional appeal that speaks to positive (such as patriotism, religion, democracy) or negative (such as terrorism or fascism) concepts rather than the real issue at hand. Example: If you were a true American you would support the rights of people to choose whatever vehicle they want. In this example, the author equates being a "true American," a concept that people want to be associated with, particularly in a time of war, with allowing people to buy any vehicle they want even though there is no inherent connection between the two. | 6 | |
| 5437960136 | Ad hominem and tu quoque | UNC: Definitions: Like the appeal to authority and ad populum fallacies, the ad hominem ("against the person") and tu quoque ("you, too!") fallacies focus our attention on people rather than on arguments or evidence. In both of these arguments, the conclusion is usually "You shouldn't believe So-and-So's argument." The reason for not believing So-and-So is that So-and-So is either a bad person (ad hominem) or a hypocrite (tu quoque). In an ad hominem argument, the arguer attacks his or her opponent instead of the opponent's argument. Examples: "Andrea Dworkin has written several books arguing that pornography harms women. But Dworkin is just ugly and bitter, so why should we listen to her?" Dworkin's appearance and character, which the arguer has characterized so ungenerously, have nothing to do with the strength of her argument, so using them as evidence is fallacious. In a tu quoque argument, the arguer points out that the opponent has actually done the thing he or she is arguing against, and so the opponent's argument shouldn't be listened to. Here's an example: imagine that your parents have explained to you why you shouldn't smoke, and they've given a lot of good reasons—the damage to your health, the cost, and so forth. You reply, "I won't accept your argument, because you used to smoke when you were my age. You did it, too!" The fact that your parents have done the thing they are condemning has no bearing on the premises they put forward in their argument (smoking harms your health and is very expensive), so your response is fallacious. OWL: This is an attack on the character of a person rather than his or her opinions or arguments. Example: Green Peace's strategies aren't effective because they are all dirty, lazy hippies. In this example, the author doesn't even name particular strategies Green Peace has suggested, much less evaluate those strategies on their merits. Instead, the author attacks the characters of the individuals in the group. | 7 | |
| 5437961945 | Appeal to pity | Definition: The appeal to pity takes place when an arguer tries to get people to accept a conclusion by making them feel sorry for someone. Examples: "I know the exam is graded based on performance, but you should give me an A. My cat has been sick, my car broke down, and I've had a cold, so it was really hard for me to study!" The conclusion here is "You should give me an A." But the criteria for getting an A have to do with learning and applying the material from the course; the principle the arguer wants us to accept (people who have a hard week deserve A's) is clearly unacceptable. The information the arguer has given might feel relevant and might even get the audience to consider the conclusion—but the information isn't logically relevant, and so the argument is fallacious. Here's another example: "It's wrong to tax corporations—think of all the money they give to charity, and of the costs they already pay to run their businesses!" | 8 | |
| 5437963717 | Appeal to ignorance (Personal Incredulity) | Definition: In the appeal to ignorance, the arguer basically says, "Look, there's no conclusive evidence on the issue at hand. Therefore, you should accept my conclusion on this issue." Example: "People have been trying for centuries to prove that God exists. But no one has yet been able to prove it. Therefore, God does not exist." Here's an opposing argument that commits the same fallacy: "People have been trying for years to prove that God does not exist. But no one has yet been able to prove it. Therefore, God exists." In each case, the arguer tries to use the lack of evidence as support for a positive claim about the truth of a conclusion. There is one situation in which doing this is not fallacious: if qualified researchers have used well-thought-out methods to search for something for a long time, they haven't found it, and it's the kind of thing people ought to be able to find, then the fact that they haven't found it constitutes some evidence that it doesn't exist. | 9 | |
| 5437966575 | Straw man | UNC: Definition: One way of making our own arguments stronger is to anticipate and respond in advance to the arguments that an opponent might make. In the straw man fallacy, the arguer sets up a weak version of the opponent's position and tries to score points by knocking it down. But just as being able to knock down a straw man (like a scarecrow) isn't very impressive, defeating a watered-down version of your opponent's argument isn't very impressive either. Example: "Feminists want to ban all pornography and punish everyone who looks at it! But such harsh measures are surely inappropriate, so the feminists are wrong: porn and its fans should be left in peace." The feminist argument is made weak by being overstated. In fact, most feminists do not propose an outright "ban" on porn or any punishment for those who merely view it or approve of it; often, they propose some restrictions on particular things like child porn, or propose to allow people who are hurt by porn to sue publishers and producers—not viewers—for damages. So the arguer hasn't really scored any points; he or she has just committed a fallacy. OWL: This move oversimplifies an opponent's viewpoint and then attacks that hollow argument. People who don't support the proposed state minimum wage increase hate the poor. In this example, the author attributes the worst possible motive to an opponent's position. In reality, however, the opposition probably has more complex and sympathetic arguments to support their point. By not addressing those arguments, the author is not treating the opposition with respect or refuting their position. | 10 | |
| 5437968632 | Red herring | UNC: Definition: Partway through an argument, the arguer goes off on a tangent, raising a side issue that distracts the audience from what's really at stake. Often, the arguer never returns to the original issue. Example: "Grading this exam on a curve would be the most fair thing to do. After all, classes go more smoothly when the students and the professor are getting along well." Let's try our premise-conclusion outlining to see what's wrong with this argument: Premise: Classes go more smoothly when the students and the professor are getting along well. Conclusion: Grading this exam on a curve would be the most fair thing to do. When we lay it out this way, it's pretty obvious that the arguer went off on a tangent—the fact that something helps people get along doesn't necessarily make it more fair; fairness and justice sometimes require us to do things that cause conflict. But the audience may feel like the issue of teachers and students agreeing is important and be distracted from the fact that the arguer has not given any evidence as to why a curve would be fair. OWL: This is a diversionary tactic that avoids the key issues, often by avoiding opposing arguments rather than addressing them. Example: The level of mercury in seafood may be unsafe, but what will fishers do to support their families? In this example, the author switches the discussion away from the safety of the food and talks instead about an economic issue, the livelihood of those catching fish. While one issue may affect the other it does not mean we should ignore possible safety issues because of possible economic consequences to a few individuals. | 11 | |
| 5437972850 | False dichotomy | Definition: In false dichotomy, the arguer sets up the situation so it looks like there are only two choices. The arguer then eliminates one of the choices, so it seems that we are left with only one option: the one the arguer wanted us to pick in the first place. But often there are really many different options, not just two—and if we thought about them all, we might not be so quick to pick the one the arguer recommends. Example: "Caldwell Hall is in bad shape. Either we tear it down and put up a new building, or we continue to risk students' safety. Obviously we shouldn't risk anyone's safety, so we must tear the building down." The argument neglects to mention the possibility that we might repair the building or find some way to protect students from the risks in question—for example, if only a few rooms are in bad shape, perhaps we shouldn't hold classes in those rooms. | 12 | |
| 5437975355 | Begging the question/claim | UNC: Definition: A complicated fallacy; it comes in several forms and can be harder to detect than many of the other fallacies we've discussed. Basically, an argument that begs the question asks the reader to simply accept the conclusion without providing real evidence; the argument either relies on a premise that says the same thing as the conclusion (which you might hear referred to as "being circular" or "circular reasoning"), or simply ignores an important (but questionable) assumption that the argument rests on. Sometimes people use the phrase "beg the question" as a sort of general criticism of arguments, to mean that an arguer hasn't given very good reasons for a conclusion, but that's not the meaning we're going to discuss here. Examples: "Active euthanasia is morally acceptable. It is a decent, ethical thing to help another human being escape suffering through death." Let's lay this out in premise-conclusion form: Premise: It is a decent, ethical thing to help another human being escape suffering through death. Conclusion: Active euthanasia is morally acceptable. If we "translate" the premise, we'll see that the arguer has really just said the same thing twice: "decent, ethical" means pretty much the same thing as "morally acceptable," and "help another human being escape suffering through death" means something pretty similar to "active euthanasia." So the premise basically says, "active euthanasia is morally acceptable," just like the conclusion does. The arguer hasn't yet given us any real reasons why euthanasia is acceptable; instead, she has left us asking "well, really, why do you think active euthanasia is acceptable?" Her argument "begs" (that is, evades) the real question. Here's a second example of begging the question, in which a dubious premise which is needed to make the argument valid is completely ignored: "Murder is morally wrong. So active euthanasia is morally wrong." The premise that gets left out is "active euthanasia is murder." And that is a debatable premise—again, the argument "begs" or evades the question of whether active euthanasia is murder by simply not stating the premise. The arguer is hoping we'll just focus on the uncontroversial premise, "Murder is morally wrong," and not notice what is being assumed. OWL: The conclusion that the writer should prove is validated within the claim. Example: Filthy and polluting coal should be banned. Arguing that coal pollutes the earth and thus should be banned would be logical. But the very conclusion that should be proved, that coal causes enough pollution to warrant banning its use, is already assumed in the claim by referring to it as "filthy and polluting." | 13 | |
| 5437980835 | Equivocation | Definition: Equivocation is sliding between two or more different meanings of a single word or phrase that is important to the argument. Example: "Giving money to charity is the right thing to do. So charities have a right to our money." The equivocation here is on the word "right": "right" can mean both something that is correct or good (as in "I got the right answers on the test") and something to which someone has a claim (as in "everyone has a right to life"). Sometimes an arguer will deliberately, sneakily equivocate, often on words like "freedom," "justice," "rights," and so forth; other times, the equivocation is a mistake or misunderstanding. Either way, it's important that you use the main terms of your argument consistently. | 14 | |
| 5438022952 | Genetic Fallacy | This conclusion is based on an argument that the origins of a person, idea, institute, or theory determine its character, nature, or worth. Example: The Volkswagen Beetle is an evil car because it was originally designed by Hitler's army. In this example the author is equating the character of a car with the character of the people who built the car. However, the two are not inherently related. | 15 | |
| 5438062571 | Circular Argument | This restates the argument rather than actually proving it. Example: George Bush is a good communicator because he speaks effectively. In this example, the conclusion that Bush is a "good communicator" and the evidence used to prove it "he speaks effectively" are basically the same idea. Specific evidence such as using everyday language, breaking down complex problems, or illustrating his points with humorous stories would be needed to prove either half of the sentence. | 16 | |
| 5438066996 | Either/or (Black&White) | This is a conclusion that oversimplifies the argument by reducing it to only two sides or choices. Example: We can either stop using cars or destroy the earth. In this example, the two choices are presented as the only options, yet the author ignores a range of choices in between such as developing cleaner technology, car-sharing systems for necessities and emergencies, or better community planning to discourage daily driving. | 17 | |
| 5438105862 | Moral Equivalence | This fallacy compares minor misdeeds with major atrocities. That parking attendant who gave me a ticket is as bad as Hitler. In this example, the author is comparing the relatively harmless actions of a person doing their job with the horrific actions of Hitler. This comparison is unfair and inaccurate. | 18 | |
| 5438206271 | Bandwagon Fallacy | Trump: A type of Ad Populum fallacy. Uses the fact that many people are doing something as validation for that something being done. Trump thanks thousands of people for attending his speech. If thousands of people are watching him speak, then he must be a viable candidate. | 19 | |
| 5438244917 | Loaded Question | Trump: There is an assumption built into the question, and there is no possible way of answering that question without being at fault. Trump asks when was the last time we ever beat China in a trade deal. The question is presented in a way that there is no way of answering the question without lying (we did beat China in a trade deal), or without seeming at fault (we didn't beat China in a trade deal.) | 20 | |
| 5438287005 | Anecdotal Fallacy | Trump: The speaker is using a vague reference to personal experience to validate his/her argument. Trump answers the question of when we ever beat China in a trade deal by saying that he has beaten China in a trade deal. There is no concrete evidence of that anecdote, but the effect still remains. | 21 | |
| 5438318114 | Fallacy Fallacy | Trump: Assumption that because a claim is poorly argued (the argument is a fallacy), then it must be untrue. (Almost like a paradox) When Trump says that Chevrolet has a poor reputation in Japan, many would assume that argument to be untrue because the claim is a loaded question. After closer inspection, the claim is actually true. | 22 | |
| 5438376978 | Appeal to Emotion | Trump: A manipulation of Pathos that seeks to manipulate the audience's feelings in place of an argument. When Trump says that Mexico is laughing at us, laughing at our stupidity, he manipulating the emotions of the audience, because you would be angry if you were being laughed at because of your stupidity. | 23 | |
| 5438420266 | Composition Fallacy | Trump: The assumption that what is true for one portion for a situation must be true in all situations. When Trump says that Mexico is bringing drugs, crime and rapists into our country, only part of that group matches with that statement. While some Mexican immigrants are rapists, criminals, or drug distributors, it does not mean that ALL Mexican immigrants fit into these categories. | 24 | |
| 5438478272 | Common Sense Fallacy | Trump: Claiming that something is so obvious or so easy that even a child could understand it. In reference to the issue of Mexican immigration, Trump says that the issue makes common sense. While the situation is inherently complicated, Trump makes the decision seem easy to make by saying his option is common sense. | 25 |
Flashcards
AP Literature Poetry Terms Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5875193487 | Accentual Verse | has a fixed number of stresses per line regardless of the number of syllables that are present. |  | 0 |
| 5875238106 | Anapest | Two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable | 1 | |
| 5875247730 | Ballad | A narrative poem written in four-line stanzas, characterized by swift action and narrated in a direct style. | 2 | |
| 5875255340 | Blank Verse | verse without rhyme, especially that which uses iambic pentameter. | 3 | |
| 5875261616 | Cadence | rhythmic rise and fall | 4 | |
| 5875267026 | Caesura | a rhythmical pause in a poetic line or a sentence. | 5 | |
| 5875280047 | Choriamb | a metrical foot consisting of two short (or unstressed) syllables between two long (or stressed) ones. | 6 | |
| 5875332729 | Common Measure | a metrical pattern for hymns in which the stanzas have four lines containing eight and six syllables alternately rhyming abcb or abab. (Also called common meter) | 7 | |
| 5875347058 | Conceit | a figure of speech in which two vastly different objects are likened together with the help of similes or metaphors. | 8 | |
| 5875355239 | Dactyl | a metrical foot, or a beat in a line, containing three syllables in which first one is accented followed by second and third unaccented syllables (accented/unaccented/unaccented) in quantitative meter such as in the word "humanly." | 9 | |
| 5875505725 | Dimeter | a line of verse consisting of two metrical feet. | 10 | |
| 5875505726 | Double Dactyl | Difficult light verse form invented by the American poet Anthony Hecht, consisting of two quatrains where the first three lines are two dactyls e.g. 'Higgledy-piggledy' and the fourth is a dactyl and a macron. The last word of each quatrain must also rhyme. | 11 | |
| 5875509971 | End-Stopped | a term that describes a line of poetry that ends with a natural pause often indicated by a mark of punctuation | 12 | |
| 5875509972 | Eye Rhyme | rhyme that appears correct from spelling but does not rhyme because of pronunciation | 13 | |
| 5875511968 | Foot | a combination of stressed and unstressed syllables. | 14 | |
| 5875519660 | Hendecasyllabic | a line of eleven syllables, used in Ancient Greek and Latin quantitative verse as well as in medieval and modern European poetry. | 15 | |
| 5875519661 | Heptameter | a verse line containing seven feet | 16 | |
| 5875521653 | Hexameter | a verse line containing six feet | 17 | |
| 5875521654 | Iamb | a line of verse with five metrical feet, each consisting of one short (or unstressed) syllable followed by one long (or stressed) syllable | 18 | |
| 5875525006 | Internal Rhyme | A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line | 19 | |
| 5875525007 | Limerick | a comic verse, containing five anapestic (unstressed/unstressed/stressed) lines in which the first, second and fifth lines are longer, rhyme together and follow three metrical feet, while the third and fourth lines rhyme together, are shorter and follow two metrical feet. | 20 | |
| 5875526651 | Lyric Poem | A poem that does not tell a story but expresses the personal feelings or thoughts of a speaker | 21 | |
| 5875526652 | Meter | a stressed and unstressed syllabic pattern in a verse or within the lines of a poem. | 22 | |
| 5875528224 | Monometer | a line of verse of one measure or foot. | 23 | |
| 5875528225 | Narrative Poem | a poem that tells a story | 24 | |
| 5875529770 | Octameter | a line of verse consisting of eight metrical feet | 25 | |
| 5875529771 | Pentameter | a line of verse consisting of five metrical feet | 26 | |
| 5875536335 | Quantitative Meter | in classical Greek and Latin poetry measures the length and shortness of vowel syllables, and is the heart of the dactylic hexameter, which defines the epic poetry of the Greeks and Romans. | 27 | |
| 5875536336 | Quatrain | a stanza of four lines, especially one having alternate rhymes. | 28 | |
| 5875539381 | Slant Rhyme | rhyme in which the vowel sounds are nearly, but not exactly the same (i.e. the words "stress" and "kiss"); sometimes called half-rhyme, near rhyme, or partial rhyme | 29 | |
| 5875539382 | End Rhyme | A word at the end of one line rhymes with a word at the end of another line | 30 | |
| 5875542804 | Feminine Rhyme | lines rhymed by their final two syllables--running, gunning; properly, the penultimate syllables are stressed and the final syllables are unstressed | 31 | |
| 5875542805 | Identical Rhyme | Rhyming of the same word often at the end of a line of verse | 32 | |
| 5875545366 | Masculine Rhyme | a rhyme ending on the final stressed syllable--spent, went | 33 | |
| 5875547752 | Monorhyme | a poem in which all the lines have the same end rhyme. | 34 | |
| 5875548905 | Rhyme Royal | a form of verse introduced into English by Chaucer, consisting of seven-line stanzas of iambic pentameter in which there are three rhymes, the first line rhyming with the third, the second with the fourth and fifth, and the sixth with the seventh. | 35 | |
| 5875548906 | Rhythm | Pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables | 36 | |
| 5875550189 | Scansion | to divide the poetry or a poetic form into feet by pointing out different syllables based on their lengths. | 37 | |
| 5875550190 | Sestet | the last six lines of a sonnet. | 38 | |
| 5875554143 | Shakespearean Sonnet (English) | There are fourteen lines. The first twelve lines are divided into three quatrains with four lines each. In the three quatrains the poet establishes a theme or problem and then resolves it in the final two lines, called the couplet. The rhyme scheme of the quatrains is abab cdcd efef. The couplet has the rhyme scheme gg. | 39 | |
| 5875559910 | Petrarchan Sonnet (Italian) | a sonnet form popularized by Petrarch, consisting of an octave with the rhyme scheme abbaabba and of a sestet with one of several rhyme schemes, as cdecde or cdcdcd. | 40 | |
| 5875563619 | Spenserian | a sonnet in which the lines are grouped into three interlocked quatrains and a couplet and the rhyme scheme is abab, bcbc, cdcd, ee | 41 | |
| 5875563620 | Spondee | a foot consisting of two long (or stressed) syllables. | 42 | |
| 5875564911 | Stress | the emphasis that falls on certain syllables and not others; the arrangement of stresses within a poem is the foundation of poetic rhythm. | 43 | |
| 5875564912 | Syllable | Rhythm is a literary device which demonstrates the long and short patterns through stressed and unstressed syllables particularly in verse form. | 44 | |
| 5875566766 | Tercet | a set or group of three lines of verse rhyming together or connected by rhyme with an adjacent tercet. | 45 | |
| 5875568057 | Terza Rima | A three-line stanza rhymed aba, bcb, cdc. | 46 | |
| 5875568058 | Tetrameter | line of poetic verse that consists of four metrical feet. | 47 | |
| 5875571651 | Trimeter | line of poetic verse that consists of three metrical feet. | 48 | |
| 5875571652 | Trochee | A stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable | 49 | |
| 5875574933 | Vers Libre (free verse) | an open form of poetry that abandons consistent meter patterns, rhyme, or other forms of musical pattern. | 50 | |
| 5875577855 | Villanelle | a nineteen-line poem with two rhymes throughout, consisting of five tercets and a quatrain, with the first and third lines of the opening tercet recurring alternately at the end of the other tercets and with both repeated at the close of the concluding quatrain. | 51 |
ap Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6517445952 | consists of singal sematic motor neruon plus all the muscle fibers in interpphase | motor unit | 0 | |
| 6517452507 | single symatic motor neuron and 3 cells | motor unit | 1 | |
| 6517457348 | in order for a muscle cell or muscle fiber to contract actually need a stiumulus from the | the semitic motor neuron need a seperate stiumuls for each and every single muscle | 2 | |
| 6517463148 | definition of a motor unit is | always gonna be the same!! | 3 | |
| 6517471549 | what allows the ligangated sodium ion channels to open | neuromuscular junction | 4 | |
| 6517472081 | all skeletal muscles are controlled by a | sematic motor neuron | 5 | |
| 6517473668 | sematic motor neuron will have a nerve cell body located in | central nervous system | 6 | |
| 6517474258 | central nervous system | brain and spinal chord | 7 | |
| 6517476062 | nerve cell body located in | brain or spinal chord | 8 | |
| 6517477462 | that extends from the central nervous system to the muscle trying to contract | axon | 9 | |
| 6517494394 | the membrane voltage that must be reached to generate an action potential | threshold | 10 | |
| 6517498264 | -70 milabolts | resting membrane potenital | 11 | |
| 6517499220 | RMP see muscles that are | relaxed | 12 | |
| 6517537453 | when i want a muscle to contract send a signal down the | synaptic motor neuron | 13 | |
| 6517546950 | electriccal charge that occurs in exitable tissue | action potenital | 14 |
AP World History: Ancient World Flashcards
First set of words in the AP World History book by the Princeton Review.
Terms : Hide Images
| 4439980197 | Agriculture | The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain. | 0 | |
| 4439980198 | Agrarian | pertaining to land or its cultivation; Ex. agrarian reform, agrarian society | 1 | |
| 4439980199 | Bands/ Clans | extended family groups that generally lived together | 2 | |
| 4439980200 | Barbarian | without civilizing influences | 3 | |
| 4439980201 | Bureaucracy | system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials (not elected) | 4 | |
| 4439980202 | Civilization | a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations) | 5 | |
| 4439980203 | City-States | different sections of land owned by the same country but ruled by different rulers (e.g. Greece) | 6 | |
| 4439980204 | Classical | of or characteristic of a form or system felt to be of first significance before modern times | 7 | |
| 4439980205 | Domestication | process of changing plants or animals to make them more useful to humans | 8 | |
| 4439980206 | Economy | system by which goods and services are produced and distributed to meet people's needs | 9 | |
| 4439980207 | Egalitarian | a person who believes in the equality of all people | 10 | |
| 4439980208 | Emperor | supreme ruler of an empire | 11 | |
| 4439980209 | Empire | many territories, countries, or peoples controlled by one government (also just any territory ruled by an emperor) | 12 | |
| 4439980210 | Feudalism | a political system and a social system where by a powerful lord would offer "protection" in return for "service" | 13 | |
| 4439980211 | Foraging | the process of scavenging for food | 14 | |
| 4439980212 | Hierarchy | a series of ordered groupings of people or things within a system | 15 | |
| 4439980213 | Hierarchical | Of, relating to, or arranged in a hierarchy | 16 | |
| 4439980214 | Hunter-Gatherer | A hunter-gatherer society is one whose primary subsistence method involves the direct procurement of edible plants and animals from the wild, foraging and hunting without significant recourse to the domestication of either plants nor animals | 17 | |
| 4439980215 | Irrigation | supplying dry land with water by means of ditches, sprinklers, etc. | 18 | |
| 4439980216 | Monarchy | a government in which power is in the hands of a single person who usually inherits their power | 19 | |
| 4439980217 | Monotheism | belief in a single God | 20 | |
| 4439980218 | Neolithic | The New Stone Age from circa 8500 to 4500 BCE: The period of the Stone Age associated with the ancient Agricultural Revolution(s) | 21 | |
| 4439980219 | Nomadic | (of groups of people) tending to travel and change settlements frequently | 22 | |
| 4439980220 | Pastoral | relating to shepherds or herdsmen or devoted to raising sheep or cattle (e.g. pastoral peoples) | 23 | |
| 4439980221 | Paleolithic | The Old Stone Age from circa 750,00 to 500,000 years BCE to 8,500 years BCE: The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans and the development of minor tools | 24 | |
| 4439980222 | Philosophy | the rational investigation of questions about existence, knowledge, and ethics | 25 | |
| 4439980223 | Polytheism | belief in multiple Gods | 26 | |
| 4439980224 | River Valley | the fertile land surrounding a river- the first civilizations arose near them | 27 | |
| 4439980225 | Sedentary | remaining in one place | 28 | |
| 4439980226 | Settlement | the act of colonizing or a small group of people in a sedentary position | 29 | |
| 4439980227 | Subsistence | the necessities of life, the resources of survival | 30 | |
| 4439980228 | Surplus | a quantity much larger than is needed | 31 | |
| 4439980229 | Sustenance | the act of sustaining life by food or providing a means of subsistence | 32 | |
| 4439980230 | Theocracy | government run by religious leaders | 33 | |
| 4439980231 | Traditional | consisting of or derived from tradition; customary practices | 34 | |
| 4439980232 | Urbanization | the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban | 35 | |
| 4439980233 | Vassals | lesser lords who pledged their service and loyalty to a greater lord -- in a military capacity | 36 | |
| 4439980234 | Alexander the Great | king of Macedon, conqueror of Greece, Egypt, and Persia; founder of Alexandria (356-323 BC) | 37 | |
| 4439980235 | Analects of Confucius | "something that is repeated" - a collection of Confucius' famous sayings | 38 | |
| 4439980236 | Bronze Age | a period between the Stone and Iron ages, characterized by the manufacture and use of bronze tools and weapons | 39 | |
| 4439980237 | Byzantium | the civilization that developed from the eastern Roman Empire following the death of the emperor Justinian (C.E. 565) until the fall of Constantinople (C.E.1453) | 40 | |
| 4439980238 | Calendar | a system of timekeeping that defines the beginning and length and divisions of the year | 41 | |
| 4439980239 | Code of Hammurabi | the set of laws drawn up by Babylonian king Hammurabi dating to the 18th century BC, the earliest legal code known in its entirety | 42 | |
| 4439980240 | Cuneiform | One of the first written languages known: A system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllables. It originated in Mesopotamia and was used initially for Sumerian and Akkadian but later was adapted to represent other languages of western Asia. | 43 | |
| 4439980241 | Democracy | a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them | 44 | |
| 4439980242 | Eight Fold Path | Eight steps to end suffering and attain enlightenment according to Buddhist tradition. | 45 | |
| 4439980243 | Four Noble Truths | as taught by the Buddha, the four basic beliefs that form the foundation of Buddhism | 46 | |
| 4439980244 | Gothic Migrations | The Migration period, also called the Barbarian Invasions or German: Völkerwanderung (wandering of the peoples), was a period of human migration that occurred roughly between the years 300 to 700 CE in Europe, marking the transition from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages. These movements were catalyzed by profound changes within both the Roman Empire and the so-called 'barbarian frontier'. Migrating peoples during this period included the Goths, Vandals, Bulgars, Alans, Suebi, Frisians, and Franks, among other Germanic and Slavic tribes. | 47 | |
| 4439980245 | Great Wall | a fortification 1,500 miles long built across northern China in the 3rd century BC | 48 | |
| 4439980246 | Han Dynasty | imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time from 206 BC to AD 220) and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy | 49 | |
| 4439980247 | Hellenism | The ideals and principles that spread from Greece through much of the ancient world. Much of its influence such as philosophy, athletics, and architecture penetrated the Middle East. | 50 | |
| 4439980248 | The Huns | Fierce warriors from Central Asia- First invaded southeastern Europe and then launched raids on nearby kingdoms | 51 | |
| 4439980249 | Indian Ocean Trade | connected to Europe, Africa, and China.; worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion. | 52 | |
| 4439980250 | Iron Age | the period following the Bronze Age; characterized by rapid spread of iron tools and weapons | 53 | |
| 4439980251 | Jewish Diaspora | A "scattering" of the Jewish people | 54 | |
| 4439980252 | Legalism | In Chinese history, Legalism was one of the main philosophic currents during the Warring States Period- A philosophy of focusing on the text of written law to the exclusion of the intent of law, elevating strict adherence to law over justice, mercy and common sense | 55 | |
| 4439980253 | Pax Romana | A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180. | 56 | |
| 4439980254 | Pyramids | Huge stone tombs with four triangle-shaped walls that met in a point on top | 57 | |
| 4439980255 | Roman Republic | The period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate. | 58 | |
| 4439980256 | Roman Senate | a council of wealthy and powerful Romans that advised the city's leaders | 59 | |
| 4439980257 | Shang Civilization | China's first dynasty almost 2000 BCE | 60 | |
| 4439980258 | Shi Huang Di | harsh ruler who united China for the first time and used legalism in ruling (Qin China) | 61 | |
| 4439980259 | Siddhartha Gautama | founder of Buddhism; born a prince; left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering; also know as Buddha | 62 | |
| 4439980260 | Silk Road Trade | The most famous of the trading routes established by pastoral nomads connecting the Chinese, Indian, Persian, and Mediterranean civilizations; transmitted goods and ideas among civilization. | 63 | |
| 4439980261 | The Torah | the most sacred text of Judaism | 64 | |
| 4439980262 | The Vedas of Hinduism | Aryan hymns originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century B.C.E. | 65 | |
| 4439980263 | Ziggurats | a temple or tomb of the ancient Assyrians, Sumerians, or Babylonians, having the form of a terraced pyramid of successively receding stories | 66 |
AP Vocabulary Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 2910168953 | Absoloute location | A point on the earths surface expressed Nya coordinate system such as latitude and longitude. | 0 | |
| 2910168954 | Cartography | Practice of drawing maps | 1 | |
| 2910168955 | Circular pattern | The objects that circle another object; also known as centralized pattern | 2 | |
| 2910168956 | Cultural Landscape | Products of interactions between humans and their environment. | 3 | |
| 2910168957 | Daylight Saving Time | Pushes the clock for words one hour in spring in order to allow sunlight in the afternoon in the warm spring and summer months. | 4 | |
| 2910168958 | Distortion | The alteration of the original shape | 5 | |
| 2910168959 | Environmental geography | A branch of that centers on the interaction of human and physical geography on the environment | 6 | |
| 2910168960 | Equator | Imaginary circle/line that lies exactly halfway between north/south at 0 degrees latitude | 7 | |
| 2910168961 | Eratosthenes | Greek mathematician and geographer | 8 | |
| 2910168962 | Formal regions | An area that has striking similarities in terms of one or a few physical or cultural features | 9 | |
| 2910168963 | Functional regions | An area organized around cores or nodes | 10 | |
| 2910168964 | GIS | A computer system that capture, stores,and displays data | 11 | |
| 2910168965 | Globalization | The expansion of economic, political,and or cultural activities to the point they reach and have an impact on many areas around the world | 12 | |
| 2910168966 | Greenwich Mean Time | A standard time at the prime meridian | 13 | |
| 2910168967 | GPS | Global Positioning System | 14 | |
| 2910168968 | Grid Pattern | Reflects a rectangular system or land survey adopted in much of the country under the ordinance of 1785. | 15 | |
| 2910168969 | Hecataeus | Wealthy Greek historian | 16 | |
| 2910168970 | Human Geography | A branch of geography that focuses on people, dealing with how human activity affects or is influenced by the earths surface. | 17 | |
| 2910168971 | Idrisi | Traveled with a team team to create maps | 18 | |
| 2910168972 | Kant, Immanuel | Philosopher | 19 | |
| 2910168973 | Landscape | The overall appearance of an area that is shaped by both human and natural influence | 20 | |
| 2910168974 | Latitude | Distance north and south of the equator | 21 | |
| 2910168975 | Linear pattern | A pattern that is along straight lines, like rivers, streets, on railroad tracks | 22 | |
| 2910168976 | Local time | The time in a particular region/área expressed with reference to the meridian passing through it | 23 | |
| 2910168977 | Location | Position of something on earths surface | 24 | |
| 2910168978 | Longitude | Numbering system that calculates distance east/west of the prime meridian | 25 | |
| 2910168979 | Marsh, George, Perkins | Considered to be Americas first environmentalists | 26 | |
| 2910168980 | Mercator projection | A cylindrical map projection presented by the Flemish geographer Gerardus Mercator made to help ships navigate | 27 | |
| 2910168981 | Meridian | An arc drawn between the north and South Pole that measures in longitude | 28 | |
| 2910168982 | Multi-national cooperation so | Have centers of operation in many parts of the globe, where economic globalization is apparent through the proliferation of. | 29 | |
| 2910168983 | Parallel | Imaginary lines around the Earth parallel to the equator | 30 | |
| 2910168984 | Pattern | Arrangement of objects on the Earths surface in relationship to on another | 31 | |
| 2910168985 | Perceptual regions | Regions that are not formal and functional; they are the places that people believe to exist as part of their cultural identity. | 32 | |
| 2910168986 | Periohery | The outside boundary or surface of something; the regions margins | 33 | |
| 2910168987 | Peter's Projection | Map projection known as the equal area map projection | 34 | |
| 2910168988 | Place | A specific point on the Earth with human and physical characteristics that distinguish it from other points | 35 | |
| 2910168989 | Physical geography | A branch of geography that deals with natural features and process. | 36 | |
| 2910168990 | Physical site characteristic | A location that includes climate, topography, soil, water sources, vegetation, and elevation | 37 | |
| 2910168991 | Prime meridian | Located at the observatory in Greenwich, England at 0 degrees longitude; an imaginary line that separates the globe into two halves, East and West | 38 | |
| 2910168992 | Ptolemy | Geographer that miscalculated the circumference of the earth | 39 | |
| 2910168993 | Random pattern | If no regular distribution can be seen | 40 | |
| 2910168994 | Regionalization | The tendency to form decentralized regions | 41 | |
| 2910168995 | Robinson projection | Correct distortion by curving the boundaries in on a map | 42 | |
| 2939874858 | Sauer, Carl | An early 20th century geographer from California that shaped the field of human geography by arguing that cultural landscapes should be the main focus of geographic study. His study is basic to environmental geography, and his methods of landscape analysis provided a lens for interpreting cultural landscapes as directly and indirectly altered over time as a result of human activity. | 43 | |
| 2939896957 | Scale | A device used for measuring | 44 | |
| 2939897439 | Site | the position or location of a town, building, etc., especially as to its environment | 45 | |
| 2939898082 | Situaton | manner of being situated; location or position with reference to environment | 46 | |
| 2939898728 | Solar time | Solar time is a reckoning of the passage of time based on the Sun's position in the sky. | 47 | |
| 2939899261 | Space | the portion or extent of this in a given instance; extent or room in three dimensions: | 48 | |
| 2939901175 | Space time compression | first articulated in 1989 by geographer David Harvey in The Condition of Postmodernity, refers to any phenomenon that alters the qualities of and relationship between space and time. | 49 | |
| 2939902586 | Spatial organization | can be observed when components of an abiotic or biological group are arranged non-randomly in space. | 50 | |
| 2939904348 | Spatial perspective | Way of identifying, explaining, and predicting the human and physical patterns in space and the interconnectedness of various spaces. | 51 | |
| 2939906410 | Time Zone | one of the 24 regions or divisions of the globe approximately coinciding with meridians at successive hours from the observatory at Greenwich, England | 52 | |
| 2939908470 | Topography | the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area. | 53 | |
| 2939909294 | Toponym | a place name, especially one derived from a topographical feature. | 54 | |
| 2939911789 | U.S. Census Bureau | Bureau of Census' A division of the federal government of the United States Bureau of Commerce that is responsible for conducting the national census at least once every 10 years, in which the population of the United States is counted. | 55 | |
| 2939912787 | Why of where | Explanations for why a spatial pattern occurs | 56 |
Ap Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5064797439 | Stimulus diffusion | Cultural adaptation is created result of the introduction of culture trait from another place | 0 | |
| 5064797440 | Hierarchical diffusion | Pattern which an idea through those most susceptible to what's being diffused. Celebrity/someone in high power influenced by | 1 | |
| 5064955870 | Physical geography | Analysis on structure processes and location on earth surfaces | 2 | |
| 5064955871 | Culture complex | Total of knowledge attitudes and habitual behavior shared by members of society | 3 | |
| 5064955872 | Possiblism | Viewpoint of humans decision-making limited by environment | 4 | |
| 5064955873 | E Adamson hoebel | Defines culture as integrated system of learned behavior patterns | 5 | |
| 5064955874 | Wilbur zelinsky | Map of perception regions in US and Canada | 6 | |
| 5064955875 | Carl saur and Torsten hagerstand | Distance affect human behavior and diffusion of people ideas | 7 | |
| 5064955876 | Contagious diffusion | Distance controlled spreading of an idea | 8 | |
| 5064955877 | diffusion | Spatial spreading of a culture element | 9 | |
| 5064955878 | Cultural hearth | Place of original of major culture | 10 | |
| 5064955879 | Derwent whittlesay | Landscape have layers of history or sequence of occupance | 11 | |
| 5064955880 | Perceptional regions | Region that only exist as conceptualized or an idea and not as physically democratic into entity | 12 | |
| 5064955881 | Pandemic | Disease spread world wide | 13 | |
| 5064955882 | Epidemic | Regional outbreak | 14 | |
| 5064955883 | Ellsworth Huntington and CW Cushing | Two other people talk about environmental determinism | 15 | |
| 5064955884 | Activity spaces | Space you use every day | 16 | |
| 5064955885 | Which form of diffusion can't be transmitted through media | Relocation diffusion | 17 | |
| 5064955886 | Geographers study spatial phenomena | True | 18 | |
| 5064955887 | Clifford geertz | Advanced view on culture | 19 | |
| 5064955888 | Where did cholera first come from | India | 20 | |
| 5064955889 | Ron Johnson Peter Taylor Michael watts | Globalization | 21 | |
| 5064955890 | A city's relative location can change | true | 22 | |
| 5064955891 | Example of formal region | French speaking region in Europe | 23 | |
| 5064955892 | Street sign Alabama Jefferson Davis and Rosa Parks | Represents debates and disputes on American south over how the last is to be commemorated on the regions landscape | 24 | |
| 5064955893 | What's an ancient disease associated with diarrhea and hydration | Cholera | 25 | |
| 5064955894 | What region did call her outbreak into 2010 and 1990 | Latin America | 26 | |
| 5064955895 | Dr. snow | Guy mapped cholera stuff in London he solved that the water was contaminated | 27 | |
| 5064955896 | Marvin mikesell | Short Definition of geography | 28 | |
| 5064955897 | Victoria lawson | Jumping scale | 29 | |
| 5064955898 | Five themes | Human environment region place movement location | 30 | |
| 5064955899 | Aristotle | Environmental determinism | 31 | |
| 5064955900 | Reference map | Show absolute location | 32 | |
| 5064955901 | Thematic map | Tell story of what's going on in the map | 33 | |
| 5064955902 | Kevin plank | Person who invented new under armor | 34 | |
| 5064955903 | Absolute location | Longitude and latitude | 35 | |
| 5064955904 | Ex of functional region | City of Chicago | 36 | |
| 5065075258 | Which of the following regions had the highest percentage of undernourished population on the world hunger map | Sub-Saharan Africa | 37 | |
| 5065075259 | Which of the following regions had the highest level of gross national income according to the gross national income map | North America | 38 | |
| 5065075260 | Which of the following regions had the highest level of Arable land according to the farmable arable land map | South Asia | 39 | |
| 5065075261 | Which of the following regions seems to be the driest on the average precipitation map | North Africa and southwest Asia | 40 | |
| 5065075262 | The vast majority of the malnourished people on earth are | Woman and children | 41 | |
| 5065075263 | Satellite images or aerial photos from as plane are both examples of | Remote sensing | 42 | |
| 5065075264 | A region in which people share one or more cultural traits is a | Cultural region | 43 | |
| 5065075265 | A combination of culture traits is a | complex culture | 44 | |
| 5065075266 | Latitude and long and two and will give you the _________ location of the place | Absolute | 45 | |
| 5065075267 | All geographers human or physical are interested in the | Spatial distribution | 46 | |
| 5065075268 | A set of processes that are increasing interactions deepening relationships and accelerating interdependence across national borders | Globalization | 47 | |
| 5065075269 | The brand under armor is an example of which type of diffusion | Hierarchical | 48 | |
| 5065075270 | Why are you not likely defining all beef big Mac at the blank | Most of the people are Hindus who generally do not eat meat | 49 | |
| 5065075271 | From Mannheim Road and go west on North Avenue till about three quarters of a mile it's right next to the water tower this is an example of | Relative location | 50 | |
| 5065075272 | Human geographers study | all of the above | 51 | |
| 5065075273 | Which question below is not a geographic question | When was Cholera discovered | 52 | |
| 5065075274 | Location human environment interaction region place movement are | Key themes of geographic study | 53 | |
| 5065669462 | show locations of places and geographic features while tell stories | reference maps, thematic maps | 54 | |
| 5065682586 | geographers might use geographic information systems (GIS) | All of the above | 55 | |
| 5065690221 | in geography scale has two meanings | the distance on a map compared to the distance on earth and the spatial extent of something | 56 | |
| 5065697040 | geographers often divide the world into | all of these choices are correct | 57 | |
| 5065701590 | Muhammad founded Islam in the 500s C.E. in and around the cities of Mecca and Medina. This statement | identifies a cultural hearth | 58 | |
| 5065717085 | Aristotle described northern European people as "full of spirit...but incapable of ruling others," and he characterized Asian people as "intelligent and inventive...but always in a state of subjection and slavery." Aristotle attributed these traits to the respective climates of the regions. This is an example of | environmental determinism | 59 | |
| 5065720936 | Human geographers: | all these choices are correct | 60 | |
| 5065733420 | What might a geographer think when they see this photograph of a tea plantation in Kenya? | All of the choices are correct | 61 | |
| 5065737900 | The statement "Climate is the critical factor in how humans behave": | is an example of environmental determinism. | 62 | |
| 5065746422 | what types of maps show locations of places and geographic features? | reference maps | 63 | |
| 5065750378 | Muhammad founded Islam in the 500s C.E. in and around the cities of Mecca and Medina. This statement: | identifies a cultural hearth | 64 | |
| 5065757949 | Carl Sauer and Torsten Hägerstrand | focused their studies on how time and distance affect human behavior and the diffusion of people and ideas | 65 | |
| 5065759699 | should be in a history book, not a geography book. | represents the debates and disputes in the American South over how the past is to be commemorated on the region's landscape | 66 | |
| 5065772540 | Aristotle described northern European people as "full of spirit...but incapable of ruling others," and he characterized Asian people as "intelligent and inventive...but always in a state of subjection and slavery." Aristotle attributed these traits to the respective climates of the regions. This is an example of | environmental determinism | 67 | |
| 5065777345 | The study of human cultures and their ability to adapt and exist within a particular physical environment is called: | culture ecology | 68 | |
| 5065780234 | The notion that cultural factors are the product of environmental conditions (e.g. the ancient Greek idea that Europeans were fierce and brutish because of the cold climate), is an example of: | environmental determinism | 69 |
AP Spanish Language and Culture Exam: El Ensayo Persuasivo Formal Flashcards
Palabras clave (del texto AP Spanish -- José Díaz) que se recomiendan para los ensayos persuasivos. No se necesita memorizar todas para tener éxito en el examen AP, pero todas son útiles y ganarás confianza con memorizar unas nuevas.
Terms : Hide Images
| 4257509550 | ambas fuentes, las dos fuentes | both sources | 0 | |
| 4257509551 | el artículo | the article | 1 | |
| 4257509552 | la entrevista | the interview | 2 | |
| 4257509553 | la (primera, segunda, tercera) fuente | the (first, second, third) source | 3 | |
| 4257509554 | la fuente auditiva | the audio source | 4 | |
| 4257509555 | la grabación | the recording | 5 | |
| 4257509556 | la gráfica | the graph, the chart | 6 | |
| 4257509557 | el gráfico | the graph | 7 | |
| 4257509558 | la tabla | the table, the chart | 8 | |
| 4257509559 | Como afirma / describe / indica / muestra le fuente.... | As the source states / describes / indicates / shows... | 9 | |
| 4257509560 | Con referencia a... | With reference to... | 10 | |
| 4257509561 | Con relación a... | With relation to... | 11 | |
| 4257509562 | Con respecto a... / En cuanto a... | With respect to... | 12 | |
| 4257509563 | De acuerdo con... / Según... | According to... | 13 | |
| 4257509564 | Referente a lo que dice / relata la fuente... | Referring to what the source says... | 14 | |
| 4257509565 | A mi parecer... / En mi opinión... | In my opinion... | 15 | |
| 4257509566 | A pesar de (que)... | In spite of... | 16 | |
| 4257509567 | Al analizar / examinar las fuentes, creo que... | Upon analyzing / examining the sources, I think that... | 17 | |
| 4257509568 | Dado que... | Given that... | 18 | |
| 4257509569 | En primer (segundo...) lugar | In first (second...) place | 19 | |
| 4257509570 | En vista de que... | Considering that... | 20 | |
| 4257509571 | Es cierto / evidente / obvio / seguro que... | It's true / evident / obvious / certain that... | 21 | |
| 4257509572 | La razón por la que... | The reason for which... | 22 | |
| 4257509573 | La verdad es (que)... | The truth is (that)... | 23 | |
| 4257509574 | Lo más importante es... | The most important (thing) is... | 24 | |
| 4257509575 | Los datos muestran... | The facts show... | 25 | |
| 4257509576 | No hay duda de que... | There is no doubt that... | 26 | |
| 4257509577 | Para ilustrar con un ejemplo... | To illustrate with an example... | 27 | |
| 4257509578 | Queda claro... | It remains clear... | 28 | |
| 4257509579 | Teniendo en cuenta que... | Taking into consideration that... | 29 | |
| 4257509580 | También hay que considerar... | It's also important to consider... | 30 | |
| 4257509581 | A diferencia de... | Unlike... | 31 | |
| 4257509582 | Al contrario... | To the contrary... | 32 | |
| 4257509583 | Así como / De igual modo | Just like / in the same way | 33 | |
| 4257509584 | De la misma manera... | In the same way... | 34 | |
| 4257509585 | De este modo... | In this way... | 35 | |
| 4257509586 | De otra manera / otro modo... | In another way... | 36 | |
| 4257509587 | En cambio / Por otra parte... | On the other hand... | 37 | |
| 4257509588 | Esta idea se diferencia de... | This idea is different from... | 38 | |
| 4257509589 | Está(n) relacionado(s) / relacionada(s) con... | It is / They are related to... | 39 | |
| 4257509590 | (La fuente) expresa la misma / otra idea... | (The source) expresses the same / another idea... | 40 | |
| 4257509591 | Igual que... | The same as... | 41 | |
| 4257509592 | Por un lado / Por otro lado... | On one hand... / On the other hand... | 42 | |
| 4257509593 | Sin embargo... | Nevertheless... | 43 | |
| 4257509594 | sino (que + verbo) | but rather | 44 | |
| 4257509595 | tanto...como... | both...as well as... | 45 | |
| 4257509596 | A fin de cuentas... | After all / Anyway... | 46 | |
| 4257509597 | Así que... | So / So that / this / therefore... | 47 | |
| 4257509598 | Como consecuencia / resultado | As a consequence / result | 48 | |
| 4257509599 | De todas formas / maneras | In any case | 49 | |
| 4257509600 | Debido a... | Due to... | 50 | |
| 4257509601 | En conclusión / resumen... | In conclusion / summary... | 51 | |
| 4257509602 | En fin... | Anyway... | 52 | |
| 4257509603 | En todo caso... | In any case... | 53 | |
| 4257509604 | Esto demuestra que... | This shows that... | 54 | |
| 4257509605 | Finalmente... | Finally... | 55 | |
| 4257509606 | Para atar cabos... | To wrap up the loose ends... | 56 | |
| 4257509607 | Para concluir / finalizar / resumir... | To conclude / finish / summarize... | 57 | |
| 4257509608 | Por consiguiente... | As a result... | 58 | |
| 4257509609 | Puesto que... / Ya que... | Since... | 59 | |
| 4257509610 | Resulta que... | It turns out that... | 60 | |
| 4257509611 | Sobre todo... | Above all... | 61 |
APES Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5045159876 | experiments | Things | 0 | |
| 5045159877 | scientific theory | 1 | ||
| 5045159878 | hypotheses | 2 | ||
| 5045159879 | scientific/natural law | 3 | ||
| 5045159880 | inductive reasoning | 4 | ||
| 5045159881 | deductive reasoning | 5 | ||
| 5045159882 | paradigm shifts | 6 | ||
| 5045159883 | frontier science | 7 | ||
| 5045159884 | sound science/consensus science | 8 | ||
| 5045159885 | junk science | 9 | ||
| 5045159886 | system | 10 | ||
| 5045159887 | inputs | 11 | ||
| 5045159888 | flows/throughputs | 12 | ||
| 5045159889 | outputs | 13 | ||
| 5045159890 | feedback loop | 14 | ||
| 5045159891 | Positive feedback loop | 15 | ||
| 5045159892 | negative/corrective feedback loop | 16 | ||
| 5045159893 | time delays | 17 | ||
| 5045159894 | synergistic interaction/synergy | 18 | ||
| 5045159895 | matter | 19 | ||
| 5045159896 | elements | 20 | ||
| 5045159897 | compounds | 21 | ||
| 5045159898 | protons | 22 | ||
| 5045159899 | Atom | 23 | ||
| 5045159900 | Neutrons | 24 | ||
| 5045159901 | Electrons | 25 | ||
| 5045159902 | atomic number | 26 | ||
| 5045159903 | mass number | 27 | ||
| 5045159904 | isotopes | 28 | ||
| 5045159905 | Ph | 29 | ||
| 5045159906 | Neutral solution | 30 | ||
| 5045159907 | Acidic Solution | 31 | ||
| 5045159908 | Basic solution | 32 | ||
| 5045159909 | Molecule | 33 | ||
| 5045159910 | Chemical formula | 34 | ||
| 5045159911 | Organic compounds | 35 | ||
| 5045159912 | Inorganic compounds | 36 | ||
| 5045159913 | Cells | 37 | ||
| 5045159914 | Eukaryotic | 38 | ||
| 5045159915 | Prokaryotic | 39 | ||
| 5045159916 | macromolecules | 40 | ||
| 5045159917 | Genes | 41 | ||
| 5045159918 | Chromosomes | 42 | ||
| 5045159919 | Matter quality | 43 | ||
| 5045159920 | High-quality matter | 44 | ||
| 5045159921 | Low-quality matter | 45 | ||
| 5045159922 | Matter efficiency | 46 | ||
| 5045159923 | Resource productivity | 47 | ||
| 5045159924 | Physical change | 48 | ||
| 5045159925 | Chemical change/chemical reaction | 49 | ||
| 5045159926 | Law of conservation of matter | 50 | ||
| 5045159927 | Persistence | 51 | ||
| 5045159928 | Degradable pollutants | 52 | ||
| 5045159929 | Biodegradable pollutants | 53 | ||
| 5045159930 | Slowly degradable pollutants | 54 | ||
| 5045159931 | Nondegradable Pollutants | 55 | ||
| 5045159932 | Nuclear changes | 56 | ||
| 5045159933 | Natural radioactive decay | 57 | ||
| 5045159934 | Radioactive isotopes/radioisotopes | 58 | ||
| 5045159935 | Half-life | 59 | ||
| 5045159936 | Nuclear fission | 60 | ||
| 5045159937 | Critical mass | 61 | ||
| 5045159938 | Chain reaction | 62 | ||
| 5045159939 | Nuclear fusion | 63 | ||
| 5045159940 | Energy | 64 | ||
| 5045159941 | Kinetic energy | 65 | ||
| 5045159942 | Heat | 66 | ||
| 5045159943 | Electromagnetic radiation. | 67 | ||
| 5045159944 | Potential energy | 68 | ||
| 5045159945 | Energy quality | 69 | ||
| 5045159946 | High-quality energy | 70 | ||
| 5045159947 | Low-quality energy | 71 | ||
| 5045159948 | Law of conservation of energy/first law of thermodynamics | 72 | ||
| 5045159949 | second law of thermodynamics | 73 | ||
| 5045159950 | energy efficiency/energy productivity | 74 | ||
| 5045159951 | high-throughput economies | 75 | ||
| 5045159952 | matter-recycling-and-reuse economy | 76 | ||
| 5045159953 | low-throughput economy | 77 | ||
| 5045159954 | Ecology | 78 | ||
| 5045159955 | organism | 79 | ||
| 5045159956 | species | 80 | ||
| 5045159957 | genetic diversity | 81 | ||
| 5045159958 | habitat | 82 | ||
| 5045159959 | distribution/range | 83 | ||
| 5045159960 | community/biological community | 84 | ||
| 5045159961 | ecosystem | 85 | ||
| 5045159962 | biosphere | 86 | ||
| 5045159963 | atmosphere | 87 | ||
| 5045159964 | troposphere | 88 | ||
| 5045159965 | hydrosphere | 89 | ||
| 5045159966 | lithosphere | 90 | ||
| 5045159967 | natural greenhouse effect | 91 | ||
| 5045159968 | biomes | 92 | ||
| 5045159969 | aquatic life zones | 93 | ||
| 5045159970 | abiotic | 94 | ||
| 5045159971 | biotic | 95 | ||
| 5045159972 | range of tolerance | 96 | ||
| 5045159973 | Limiting factor | 97 | ||
| 5045159974 | Limiting factor principle | 98 | ||
| 5045159975 | Producers/autotrophs | 99 | ||
| 5045160519 | photosynthesis | 100 | ||
| 5045160520 | chemosynthesis | 101 | ||
| 5045160521 | consumers/heterotrophs | 102 | ||
| 5045160522 | primary consumers/herbivores | 103 | ||
| 5045160523 | secondary consumers/carnivores | 104 | ||
| 5045160524 | third and higher level consumers | 105 | ||
| 5045160525 | Omnivores | 106 | ||
| 5045160526 | Decomposers | 107 | ||
| 5045160527 | Detritivores | 108 | ||
| 5045160528 | Aerobic respiration | 109 | ||
| 5045160529 | Anaerobic respiration/fermentation | 110 | ||
| 5045160530 | biological diversity/biological diversity | 111 | ||
| 5045160531 | HIPPO | habitat destruction and degradation Invasive species Pollution Population growth Overexploitation | 112 | |
| 5045160532 | food chain | 113 | ||
| 5045160533 | Trophic level | 114 | ||
| 5045160534 | Food web | 115 | ||
| 5045160535 | Biomass | 116 | ||
| 5045160536 | Ecological efficiency | 117 | ||
| 5045160537 | pyramid of energy flow | 118 | ||
| 5045160538 | gross primary productivity (GPP) | 119 | ||
| 5045160539 | net primary productivity (NPP) | 120 | ||
| 5045160540 | Soil | 121 | ||
| 5045160541 | Weathering | 122 | ||
| 5045160542 | Soil horizons | 123 | ||
| 5045160543 | Soil profile | 124 | ||
| 5045160544 | Humus | 125 | ||
| 5045160545 | Infiltration | 126 | ||
| 5045160546 | Leaching | 127 | ||
| 5045160547 | Soil texture | 128 | ||
| 5045160548 | Nutrients | 129 | ||
| 5045160549 | Bio geochemical/nutrient cycles | 130 | ||
| 5045160550 | Hydrologic/water cycle | 131 | ||
| 5045160551 | Carbon cycle | 132 | ||
| 5045160552 | Nitrogen cycle | 133 | ||
| 5045160553 | Sulfur cycle | 134 | ||
| 5045160554 | phosphorus cycle | 135 |
Pages
Need Help?
We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.
For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.
If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.
Need Notes?
While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!
