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AP Spanish Literature Review Flashcards

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2454252081En una tempestadJose Maria Heredia (Romanticismo)0
2454254666Volverán las oscuras golondrinasGustavo Adolfo Becquer (Romanticismo)1
2454256325Las Medias RojasEmilia Pardo Bazan (Naturalismo)2
2454259336Nuestra AmericaJose Marti (Modernismo)3
2454260374El HijoHoracio Quiroga (Modernismo)4
2454262070A RooseveltRuben Dario (Modernismo)5
2454264161Peso AncestralAlfonsina Storni (Modernismo)6
2454266052He andado muchos caminosAntonio Machado (GEN. del 98)7
2454268944Balada de los dos abuelosNicolas Guillen (Vanguardismo)8
2454272334Walking AroundPablo Neruda (Vanguardismo)9
2454273462A Julia de BurgosJulia de Borges (Vanguardismo)10
2454275083La Casa de Bernarda AlbaFederico Garcia Lorca (Vanguardismo)11
2454277647Borges y yoJorges Luis Borges (Realismo Magico)12
2454279834El SurJorges Luis Borges (Realismo Magico)13
2454281395No oyes ladrar los perrosJuan Rulfo (Realismo Magico)14
2454281405Chac MoolCarlos Fuentes (Realismo Magico)15
2454284649La noche boca arribaJulio Cortazar (Realismo Magico)16
2454286208La Siesta del martesGabriel Garcia Marquez (Realismo Magico)17
2454287691El ahogado mas hermoso del mundoGabriel Garcia Marquez (Realismo Magico)18
2454290838El Hombre que se convertio en perroOsvaldo Dragun (Realismo Magico)19
2454295867Mi Caballo MagoSabine Ulibarri (Lit hispana en EEUU)20
2454298620..y no se lo trago la tierraTomas Rivera (Lit hispana en EEUU)21
2454299525Dos PalabrasIsabel Allende (feminina)22
2454300897Mujer NegraNancy Morejon (feminina)23
2454302869Como la vida mismaRosa Montero (feminina)24

AP Terms - AP Language Flashcards

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4136516766allegory - Doan Transtory or poem in which characters, settings, and events stand for other people or events or abstract ideas or quality ex: The Wizard of Oz0
4136539453Alliteration - Doan Tranrepetition of the same or similar consonant sounds in words that are close together ex: She sells seashells.1
4136699470Allusion - Doan Tranreference to someone or something that is known from history, literature,religion, politics, sports, science, or another branch of culture. An indirect reference to something (usually from literature, etc.). ex: This place is like the Garden of Eden2
4136714284Ambiguity - Doan Trandeliberately suggesting two or more different, and sometimes conflicting, meanings in a work. An event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way-- this is done on purpose by the author, when it is not done on purpose, it is vagueness, and detracts from the work. ex: A good life depends on a liver (liver may be an organ or simply a living person)3
4136730988Analogy - Doan TranComparison made between two things to show how they are alike ex: a pizza to a person is like a lover to their soulmate4
4136742133Anaphora - Doan TranRepetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. This is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer's point more coherent. ex: "I Have a Dream" by Martin Luther King5
4136752368Anastrophe - Doan TranInversion of the usual, normal, or logical order of the parts of a sentence. Purpose is rhythm or emphasis or euphony. It is a fancy word for inversion. ex: Study vocabulary you must.6
4136755734Anecdote - Doan TranBrief story, told to illustrate a point or serve as an example of something, often shows character of an individual ex: "When I was a child..." (very short story)7
4136769229Antagonist -Doan TranOpponent who struggles against or blocks the hero, or protagonist, in a story. ex: Voldemort is the antagonist in Harry Potter.8
4136772566Antimetabole - Doan TranRepetition of words in successive clauses in reverse grammatical order. In poetry, this is called chiasmus. ex: Moliere: "One should eat to live, not live to eat."9
4136779883Antithesis - Doan TranBalancing words, phrases, or ideas that are strongly contrasted, often by means of grammatical structure. ex: "...not made to me as a man, but to my work...not for glory and least of all for profit, but to create..."10
4136801775Antihero - Doan TranCentral character who lacks all the qualities traditionally associated with heroes. may lack courage, grace, intelligence, or moral scruples ex: Jay Gatsby in The Great Gatsy11
4136813449Anthropomorphism - Doan Tranattributing human characteristics to an animal or inanimate object (Personification) ex: The heart yearns for belonging.12
4136820113Aphorism - Doan Tranbrief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life, or of a principle or accepted general truth. Also called maxim, epigram. ex: "Life's Tragedy is that we get old too soon and wise too late." - Benjamin Franklin13
4136828339Apostrophe - Doan Trancalling out to an imaginary, dead, or absent person, or to a place or thing, or a personified abstract idea. If the character is asking a god or goddess for inspiration it is called an invocation. ex: "O Death!"14
4136831761Apposition - Doan TranPlacing in immediately succeeding order of two or more coordinate elements, the latter of which is an explanation, qualification, or modification of the first (often set off by a colon). ex: Paine: "These are the times that try men's souls: The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country; but he that stands it Now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman."15
4136835568Assonance - Doan Tranthe repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds especially in words that are together. ex: The ship has sailed to the far off shores16
4136840151Asyndeton - Doan TranCommas used without conjunction to separate a series of words, thus emphasizing the parts equally: instead of X, Y, and Z... the writer uses X,Y,Z.... ex: All humans eat, excrete, repeat.17
4136851290Balance - Doan TranConstructing a sentence so that both halves are about the same length and importance. Sentences can be unbalanced to serve a special effect as well. ex: "If you've got the time, we've got the beer."18
4139322669Characterization - DTranthe process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character. ex: Her sympathetic nature led her to aid the passerby.19
4139329812Indirect characterization - DTranthe author reveals to the reader what the character is like through the characters actions, feelings, thoughts, looks, or how others perceive them. ex: The passerby took advantage of the girl who sought to aid him. (passerby is cruel, girl is kind)20
4139342206Direct characterization - DTranthe author tells us directly what the character is like. Romantic style literature relied more heavily on this form. ex: He is sneaky.21
4139347548Static character - DTranis one who does not change much in the course of a story ex: Slim in Of Mice and Men22
4139350224Dynamic character - DTranis one who changes in some important way as a result of the story's action. ex: Dimmesdale in The Scarlet Letter23
4139357551Flat character - DTranhas only one or two personality traits. They are one dimensional, like a piece of cardboard. They can be summed up in one phrase. ex: Benvolio in Romeo and Juliet24
4139358358Round character - DTranhas more dimensions to their personalities---they are complex, just a real people are. ex: Jay Gatsby in The Great Gatsby25
4139374991Chiasmus - DTranIn poetry, a type of rhetorical balance in which the second part is syntactically balanced against the first, but with the parts reversed. In prose this is called antimetabole. ex: Coleridge: "Flowers are lovely, love is flowerlike."26
4139378743Cliche - DTranis a word or phrase, often a figure of speech, that has become lifeless because of overuse. ex: Avoid cliche like the plague.27
4139381076Colloquialism - DTranword or phrase in everyday use in conversation and informal writing but is inappropriate for formal situations. ex: "He's out of his head if he thinks I'm gonna go for such a stupid idea."28
4139384792Comedy - DTranin general, a story that ends with a happy resolution of the conflicts faced by the main character or characters. ex: A Midsummer Night's Dream by William Shakespeare29
4139387708Conceit - DTranan elaborate metaphor that compares two things that are startlingly different. Often an extended metaphor. ex: "The broken heart is a damaged china pot."30
4139399865Confessional poetry - DTrana twentieth century term used to describe poetry that uses intimate material from the poet's life. ex: Sylvia Plath poems31
4139410489Conflict - DTranthe struggle between opposing forces or characters in a story. ex: Man vs Man32
4139412523External conflict - DTranconflicts can exist between two people, between a person and nature or a machine or between a person a whole society. ex: Man vs Society33
4139416377Internal conflict - DTrana conflict can be internal, involving opposing forces within a person's mind. ex: Man vs Self34
4139418455Connotation - DTranthe associations and emotional overtones that have become attached to a word or phrase, in addition to its strict dictionary definition. ex: Rose (is a flower by dictionary but implies nature and beauty)35
4139428384Couplet - DTrantwo consecutive rhyming lines of poetry. ex: In spring flowers bloom while winter causes their doom36
4139439056Dialect - DTrana way of speaking that is characteristic of a certain social group or of the inhabitants of a certain geographical area. ex: "Ya'll come back now ya hear?" (Southern/country)37
4139443674Diction - DTrana speaker or writer's choice of words. ex: "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times..." ("it was" emphasizes past and setting)38
4139458224Didactic - DTranform of fiction or nonfiction that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model of correct behavior or thinking. ex: The Tortoise and the Hare39
4139464862Elegy - DTrana poem of mourning, usually about someone who has died. A Eulogy is great praise or commendation, a laudatory speech, often about someone who has died. ex: "O Captain! My Captain!" by Walt Whitman40
4139480240Epanalepsis - DTrandevice of repetition in which the same expression (single word or phrase) is repeated both at the beginning and at the end of the line, clause, or sentence. ex: Voltaire: "Common sense is not so common."41
4139482541Epic - DTrana long narrative poem, written in heightened language , which recounts the deeds of a heroic character who embodies the values of a particular society. ex: Harry Potter42
4139485570Epigraph - DTrana quotation or aphorism at the beginning of a literary work suggestive of the theme. ex: " 'Whenever you feel like criticizing any one,' he told me, 'just remember that all the people in this world haven't had the advantages that you've had.' " - The Great Gatsby43
4139515722Epistrophe - DTranDevice of repetition in which the same expression (single word or phrase) is repeated at the end of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences (it is the opposite of anaphora). ex: "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times..."44
4139521417Epithet - DTranan adjective or adjective phrase applied to a person or thing that is frequently used to emphasize a characteristic quality. ex: The father of our country45
4139524109Essay - DTrana short piece of nonfiction prose in which the writer discusses some aspect of a subject. ex: The Myth of Sisyphus and Other Essays - Albert Camus46
4139531520Argumentation - DTranone of the four forms of discourse which uses logos, ethos, pathos to develop an effective means to convince the reader to think or act in a certain way. ex: "Why you should eat healthy" article47
4139542215Persuasion - DTranrelies more on emotional appeals than on facts ex: "Donate to help a starving child in need"48
4139546315Argument - DTranform of persuasion that appeals to reason instead of emotion to convince an audience to think or act in a certain way. ex: "Facts why you should eat healthier" article49
4139552140Casual relationship - DTranForm of argumentation in which the writer claims that one thing results from another, often used as part of a logical argument. ex: "Fast food leads to obesity" article50
4139559025Description - DTrana form of discourse that uses language to create a mood or emotion. ex: The light was darkened as it tried shining through the blue curtains and into the barren room. (sad mood through the room's description)51
4139570816Exposition - DTranone of the four major forms of discourse, in which something is explained or "set forth". ex: The day started with a tardy slip and a failed test.52
4139587998Narrative - DTranthe form of discourse that tells about a series of events. ex: Somewhere in La Mancha, in a place whose name I do not care to remember, a gentleman lived not long ago..." - Don Quixote53
4139594552Explication - DTranact of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text, usually involves close reading and special attention to figurative language. ex: Reading A Tale of Two Cities requires explication.54
4139602462Fable - DTrana very short story told in prose or poetry that teaches a practical lesson about how to succeed in life. ex: The Tortoise and the Hare55
4139604669Farce - DTrana type of comedy in which ridiculous and often stereotyped characters are involved in silly, far-fetched situations. ex: The Taming of the Shrew - Shakespeare56
4139616032Figurative language - DTranWords which are inaccurate if interpreted literally, but are used to describe. Similes and metaphors are common forms. ex: Brains brighter than the sun57
4139620714Flashback - DTrana scene that interrupts the normal chronological sequence of events in a story to depict something that happened at an earlier time. ex: Flashback of waking up late at home while waking up late at a concentration camp - Night by Elie Wiesel58
4139663956Foil - DTranA character who acts as contrast to another character. Often a funny side kick to the dashing hero, or a villain contrasting the hero. ex: Brutus and Antony - Julius Caesar59
4139670737Foreshadowing - DTranthe use of hints and clues to suggest what will happen later in a plot. ex: This journey's end will end all.60
4139675523Free verse - DTranpoetry that does not conform to a regular meter or rhyme scheme. ex: "I, Too, Sing America" by Langston Hughes61
4139681164Hyperbole - DTrana figure of speech that uses an incredible exaggeration or overstatement, for effect. ex: "If I told you once, I've told you a million times...."62
4139684984Hypotactic - DTransentence marked by the use of connecting words between clauses or sentences, explicitly showing the logical or other relationships between them. (Use of such syntactic subordination of just one clause to another is known as hypotaxis). ex: I am tired because it is hot63
4139691141Imagery - DTranthe use of language to evoke a picture or a concrete sensation of a person, a thing, a place, or an experience. ex: Bright colors illuminated the sky as the fireworks bloomed magnificently in the dark sky.64
4139695938Inversion - DTranthe reversal of the normal word order in a sentence or phrase. ex: Study vocabulary you must.65
4139698770Irony - DTrana discrepancy between appearances and reality. ex: Diet soda.66
4139702885Verbal irony - DTranoccurs when someone says one thing but really means something else. ex:Juliet: "I will not marry yet; and, when I do, I swear it shall be Romeo, whom you know I hate, rather than Paris."67
4139713140Situational irony - DTrantakes place when there is a discrepancy between what is expected to happen, or what would be appropriate to happen, and what really does happen. ex: Noticing the drowning woman who has fallen into lake, the man jumped to aid in her death.68
4139730043Dramatic irony - DTranis so called because it is often used on stage. A character in the play or story thinks one thing is true, but the audience or reader knows better. ex: "If someone knows the killer is a stranger, from some other state, let him not stay mute..." - Oedipus in Oedipus Rex by Sophocles69
4139741165Juxtaposition - DTranpoetic and rhetorical device in which normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to one another, creating an effect of surprise and wit. ex: Martin Luther King: "Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere."70
4139744764Litotes - DTranis a form of understatement in which the positive form is emphasized through the negation of a negative form. ex: Hawthorne--- "...the wearers of petticoat and farthingale...stepping forth into the public ways, and wedging their not unsubstantial persons, if occasion were, into the throng..." - Hawthorne71
4139749472Local color - DTrana term applied to fiction or poetry which tends to place special emphasis on a particular setting, including its customs, clothing, dialect and landscape. ex: "...cotton house dress...with red mules..." - Of Mice and Men72
4139763805Loose sentence - DTranone in which the main clause comes first, followed by further dependent grammatical units. ex: "Hester gazed after him a little while, looking with a half-fantastic curiosity..." - Hawthorne73
4139773055Lyric poem - DTrana poem that does not tell a story but expresses the personal feelings or thoughts of the speaker. A ballad tells a story. ex: Shakespeare:"Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" - Sonnet No. 1874
4143040978Metaphor - DTrana figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things without the use of such specific words of comparison as like, as, than, or resembles. ex: He had the appetite of a bear.75
4143046501Implied metaphor - DTrandoes not state explicitly the two terms of the comparison ex: "I like to see it lap the miles" is an implied metaphor in which the verb lap implies a comparison between "it" and some animal that "laps" up water.76
4143060722Extended metaphor - DTranis a metaphor that is extended or developed as far as the writer wants to take it. (conceit if it is quite elaborate). ex: Edwards:"The bow of God's wrath is bent, and the arrow made ready on the string, and justice bends the arrow of your heart, and strains the bow..."77
4143076195Dead metaphor - DTrana metaphor that has been used so often that the comparison is no longer vivid ex: "The head of the house"78
4143080791Mixed metaphor - DTrana metaphor that has gotten out of control and mixes its terms so that they are visually or imaginatively incompatible. ex: its terms so that they are visually or imaginatively incompatible. "The President is a lame duck who is running out of gas."79
4143089204Metonymy - DTrana figure of speech in which a person, place, or thing, is referred to by something closely associated with it. ex: "We requested from the crown support for our petition." The crown is used to represent the monarch.80
4143094567Mood - DTranAn atmosphere created by a writer's diction and the details selected. ex: The light was darkened as it tried shining through the blue curtains and into the barren room. (gloomy mood)81
4143100083Motif - DTrana recurring image, word, phrase, action, idea, object, or situation used throughout a work (or in several works by one author), unifying the work by tying the current situation to previous ones, or new ideas to the theme. ex: the theme of human predatory nature in Of Mice and Men82
4143116135Motivation - DTranthe reasons for a character's behavior. ex: Harry Potter's motivation is to save the muggle and magical world.83
4143125723Onomatopoeia - DTranthe use of words whose sounds echo their sense. ex: "POW" or "SNAP"84
4143128675Oxymoron - DTrana figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase. ex: "bittersweet"85
4143131763Parable - DTrana relatively short story that teaches a moral, or lesson about how to lead a good life. ex: The Bible86
4143136508Paradox - DTrana statement that appears self-contradictory, but that reveals a kind of truth. ex: Dickens:"It was the worst of times, it was the best of times..." (worst of times for the lower class but best of times for the aristocrats)87
4143144882Koan - DTrana paradox used in Zen Buddhism to gain intuitive knowledge ex: "What is the sound of one hand clapping?"88
4143147508Parallel structure - DTranthe repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structures. ex: "To eat, to excrete, to repeat..." or "I love fishing, cooking, and learning"89
4143170645Paratactic sentence - DTransimply juxtaposes clauses or sentences. ex: It is early: I am tired.90
4143171997Parody - DTrana work that makes fun of another work by imitating some aspect of the writer's style. ex: "Don Quixote" by Miguel de Cervantes is a parody of romances written in his days91
4143173439Periodic - DTranafter all introductory elements, periodic sentences place the main idea or central complete thought at the end of the sentence. ex: the definition of a periodic sentence is a periodic sentence92
4143175099Personification - DTrana figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes. ex: The heart yearns for belonging.93
4143175100Plot - DTranthe series of related events in a story or play, sometimes called the storyline. ex: Of Mice and Men's plot surrounds George and Lennie94
4143231285Rising action - DTrancomplications in conflict and situations (may introduce new ones as well) ex: Of Mice and Men - Curley dislikes Lennie, Curley's wife seek other men's attention, and Lennie is mentally disabled.95
4143236262Exposition (plot) - DTranintroduces characters, situation, and setting in the story. ex:96
4143381365Climax - DTranthat point in a plot that creates the greatest intensity, suspense, or interest. Also called "turning point" ex: Of Mice and Men - When Lennie accidentally kills Curley's wife.97
4143385213Resolution - DTranthe conclusion of a story, when all or most of the conflicts have been settled; often called the denouement. ex: Of Mice and Men - When George shoots Lennie himself.98
4143389025Point of view - DTranthe vantage point from which the writer tells the story. ex: The narrator of Of Mice and Men is omniscient99
4143392083First person POV - DTranone of the characters tells the story. ex: Nick Carraway is a first person narrator in The Great Gatsby100
4143394218Third person POV - DTranan unknown narrator, tells the story, but this narrator zooms in to focus on the thoughts and feelings of only one character. ex: Harry Potter - J.K Rowling101
4143396861Omniscient POV - DTranan omniscient or all knowing narrator tells the story, also using the third person pronouns. This narrator, instead of focusing on one character only, often tells us everything about many characters. ex: Of Mice and Men - John Steinbeck102
4143396862Objective POV - DTrana narrator who is totally impersonal and objective tells the story, with no comment on any characters or events. ex: Aesop's Fables103
4143484168Polysyndeton - DTransentence which uses a conjunction with NO commas to separate the items in a series. Instead of X, Y, and Z... Polysyndeton results in X and Y and Z... ex: "...and hate and love and ache will exist..."104
4143491920Protagonist - DTranthe central character in a story, the one who initiates or drives the action. Usually the hero or anti-hero; in a tragic hero there is always a hamartia, or tragic flaw in his character which will lead to his downfall. ex: Oedipus in Oedipus Rex by Sophocles105
4143499370Pun - DTrana "play on words" based on the multiple meanings of a single word or on words that sound alike but mean different things. ex: Santa's helpers are known as subordinate Clauses106
4143503646Quatrain - DTrana poem consisting of four lines, or four lines of a poem that can be considered as a unit. ex: Roses are red Violets are blue Love is in the air When I see you107
4143508518Refrain - DTrana word, phrase, line, or group of lines that is repeated, for effect, several times in a poem. ex: "Do not go gentle into that good night,..." is repeated throughout the poem by Dylan Thomas108
4143522315Rhythm - DTrana rise and fall of the voice produced by the alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables in language. ex: Sonnets' iambic pentameters109
4143528558Rhetoric - DTranArt of effective communication, especially persuasive discourse. ex: logos, ethos, pathos110
4143532002Rhetorical question - DTrana question asked for an effect, and not actually requiring an answer. ex: "...If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" - Shelley111
4143542398Romance - DTranin general, a story in which an idealized hero or heroine undertakes a quest and is successful. ex: The Count of Monte Cristo - Dumas (adventure of successful revenge)112
4143551618Satire - DTrana type of writing that ridicules the shortcomings of people or institutions in an attempt to bring about a change. ex: Political cartoons113
4143564830Simile - DTrana figure of speech that makes an explicitly comparison between two unlike things, using words such as like, as , than, or resembles. ex: As big as a bear114
4143568233Soliloquy - DTrana long speech made by a character in a play while no other characters are on stage. ex: In Julius Caesar when Antony is alone with Caesar's dead body.115
4143572896Stereotype - DTrana fixed idea or conception of a character or an idea which does not allow for any individuality, often based on religious, social, or racial prejudices. ex: African Americans were stereotyped as the lower class or inferior before the civil rights movement.116
4143582649Stream of consciousness - DTrana style of writing that portrays the inner (often chaotic) workings of a character's mind. ex: interior monologue of a character117
4143603654Style - DTranthe distinctive way in which a writer uses language: a writer's distinctive use of diction, tone, and syntax. ex: Charle's Dickens writing style involves superfluous and complicated diction. He also hints obscure but important details.118
4143605728Suspense - DTrana feeling of uncertainty and curiosity about what will happen next in a story. ex: The Great Gatsby after Myrtle is hit by the car.119
4150413907Symbol - DTrana person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself and that also stands for something more than itself. ex: Of Mice and Men - the dog that was shot symbolizes Lennie because of their uselessness and burden120
4150430757Synecdoche - DTrana figure of speech in which a part represents the whole. ex: "If you don't drive properly, you will lose your wheels." (The wheels represent the entire car)121
4150435553Syntactic fluency - DTranAbility to create a variety of sentence structures, appropriately complex and/or simple and varied in length. ex: Charles Dickens's writing122
4150446254Syntactic permulation - DTranSentence structures that are extraordinarily complex and involved. Often difficult for a reader to follow. ex: Charles Dickens's writing123
4150456702Tall Tale - DTranan outrageously exaggerated, humorous story that is obviously unbelievable. ex: Folklore stories of talking animals124
4150468195Telegraphic sentence - DTranA sentence shorter than five words in length. ex: "Enough is enough."125
4150605270Theme - DTranthe insight about human life that is revealed in a literary work ex: The theme of the predatory nature of people in Of Mice and Men126
4150607914Tone - DTranthe attitude a writer takes toward the subject of a work, the characters in it, or the audience, revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization. ex: The tree, with its tremendous roots, sprout majestically from the barren ground. (tone is amazed and reverence)127
4150625227Tragedy - DTranin general, a story in which a heroic character either dies or comes to some other unhappy end. ex: Oedipus Rex or Romeo and Juliet128
4150634042Tricolon - DTranSentence of three parts of equal importance and length, usually three independent clauses. ex: "You are as smart. You are as kind. You are as special."129
4150637787Understatement - DTrana statement that says less than what is meant. ex: -30 degrees weather - "it's not so warm outside"130
4150646846Unity - DTranUnified parts of the writing are related to one central idea or organizing principle. Unity is dependent upon coherence. ex: Objective essays131
4150651467Vernacular - DTranthe language spoken by the people who live in a particular locality. ex: the vernacular of Americans is a dialect of English132
4150882521Impressionism - DTrana nineteenth-century movement in literature and art which advocated a recording of the artist's personal impressions of the world, rather than a strict representation of reality. ex: Closely relating to symbolism, Virginia Woolf133
4150887475Modernism - DTrana term for the bold new experimental styles and forms that swept the arts during the first third of the twentieth century. ex: The Great gatsby134
4150889194Naturalism - DTrana nineteenth century literary movement that was an extension of realism and that claimed to portray life exactly as it was. ex: The Jungle by Upton Sinclaire135
4150893399Plain Style - DTranWriting style that stresses simplicity and clarity of expression (but will still utilize allusions and metaphors), and was the main form of the Puritan writers. ex: William Bradford136
4150920689Puritanism - DTranWriting style of America's early English-speaking colonists - emphasizes obedience to God and consists mainly of journals, sermons, and poems. ex: The Scarlet Letter137
4150926476Rationalism - DTrana movement that began in Europe in the seventeenth century, which held that we can arrive at truth by using our reason rather than relying on the authority of the past, on the authority of the Church, or an institution. Also called neoclassicism and age of reason. ex: The enlightenment writers (Rene Descartes)138
4150933883Realism - DTrana style of writing, developed in the nineteenth century, that attempts to depict life accurately without idealizing or romanticizing it. ex: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn139
4150936923Regionalism - DTranliterature that emphasizes a specific geographic setting and that reproduces the speech, behavior, and attitudes of the people who live in that region. ex: To Kill a Mockingbird (southern setting)140
4150940247Romanticism - DTrana revolt against Rationalism that affected literature and the other arts, beginning in the late eighteenth century and remaining strong throughout most of the nineteenth century. ex: Don Quixote141
4150942629Surrealism - DTranin movement in art and literature that started in Europe during the 1920s. Surrealists wanted to replace conventional realism with the full expression of the unconscious mind, which they considered to be more real than the "real" world of appearances. ex: Sigmund Freud142
4150953824Symbolism - DTrana literary movement that originated in late nineteenth century France, in which writers rearranged version of reality. ex: The Scarlet Letter143
4150957862Transcendentalism - DTrana nineteenth century movement in the Romantic tradition, which held that every individual can reach ultimate truths through spiritual intuition, which transcends reasons and sensory experience. ex: Into the Wild144

AP World History 3B Terms Flashcards

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3320879596RenaissanceFrom the french word meaning ''rebirth'' a period of cultural and intellectual creativity in western Europe between 1300 and 1570. The artists and intellectuals who created the movement saw themselves reconnecting with the traditions of Ancient Greece and Rome, thus giving a ''rebirth '' to European culture. The cultural rebirth was accompanied by an expanding urban economy, another rebirth.0
3320879597GuildA sworn association of people who gather for some common purpose in towns of medieval Europe.1
3320879891EurocentricFocusing on European culture or history to the exclusion of a wide, view of the world; implicitly regarding European culture as preeminent.2
3320880530Putting Out SystemEmployers provide employees with raw materials and the orders for turning them into finished products, which they then buy on completion. The employees carry out the work at home.3
3320880634Ghetto (ization)The part of the city to which a particular group is confined for its living space. Name originally for an area adjacent to an iron foundry in the 16th century, venice where Jews were segregated by government order, the term has been used most often to designate, segregated Jewier living areas in European cities.4
3320880768MedievalThe ''Middle period'' Europeans of the Renaissance period who felt that they were, at last, reconnecting with the glories of ancient greece and rome, called the 10 centuries between the end of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the renaissance ''The Medieval Period''.5
3320881231HumanismCultural movement initiated in western Europe in the 14th century deriving from the rediscovery and study of the Greek and literary texts.6
3320881779Casta SystemIberian word meaning race, Lineage or breed.7
3326859384PeninsularesNatives of Spain in the new world.8
3326867107Criollos/creolesSpanish people born in the new world.9
3326870682IndiansNative Americans.10
3326872153MestizosOne Spanish parent, one Indian parent.11
3326875208MulattosOne Spanish parent, one black parent.12
3326877435ZambosPeople of mixed Indian and Black ancestory13
3320883142EncomiendaOften given as reward to conquistadores, a Spanish system of large plantations/ estates or smaller haciendas which utilized natives as slaves for labor.14
3320883339MercantilismTheory of understanding wealth and trading relationships of European countries and colonies.15
3320883447Oriental Slave TradeIn fact, slaves had been exported from Africa to Islamic countries in the East at least century before the Atlantic slaves trade began. ''The slave trade from Africa to the East."16
3320885621Occidental Slave TradeHistorians generally refer to the slave trade the development in the fifteenth century between Africa and the New World.17
3320883448African DiasporaWas the result of the force migration of millions of slaves, mostly from West Africa, and mostly to North and South America during the sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, and into the nineteenth centuries. With the diaspora of the people came the diaspora if their culture, food traditions, and languages.18
3320883586BiotasThe plant and animal species indigenous to given place or region.19
3320883587Columbian ExchangeThe exchange of biological organisms between continents and the impact on the Native America (small pox).20
3320884317BourgeoisieThe middle-class urbanite who, over the next three centuries, would eventually triumph over an aristocracy that had ruled for more than a thousand years.21
3320884318Anthropogenic(human-caused) environmental change began to accelerate in the world beginning around 1500, and the principal cause was global population growth.22
3320884730Depopulation of Native Americaunintended genocide of Native America by exposure to Europeans.23

AP Language Vocabulary #2 Flashcards

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5055161910apotheosis(n) elevation to godhood or a divine state; an ideal example0
5055161911auspicious(adj) favorable; fortunate; conducive to something1
5055161912debacle(n) an overwhelming defeat, fiasco; a complete collapse or failure2
5055161913contiguous(adj) side by side, touching; near; sharing a common border3
5055161914incendiary(adj) causing a fire; arousing strife, rebellion;(n) an arsonist; inciting anger4
5055161915inimitable(adj) not capable of being changed or imitated5
5055161916malfeasance(n) misconduct or wrongdoing, especially by a public official; ethical or criminal6
5055161917platonic(adj) marked by the absence of physical attraction; practiced in theory, but not practiced in reality7
5055161918pontificate(v) to speak pompously or dogmatically*8
5055161919proletariat(n) the lower and working class9
5055161920prurient(adj) lustful, exhibiting lewd desires *10
5055161921refractory(adj) stubbornly disobedient, hard to manage11
5055161922specious(adj) seemingly true but actually false; deceptively attractive12
5055161923tenacious(adj) resolute; holding firm to a purpose13
5055161924vociferous(adj) loud and noisy; compelling attention14
5055161925aesthetic(adj) concerning the appreciation of beauty15
5055161926convergence(n) the state of separate elements joining or coming together16
5055161927impute(v) to credit, attribute; lay blame or responsibility for (sometimes falsely)17
5055161928parched(adj) dried up, shriveled; thirsty; sere18
5055161929perfidious(adj) willing to betray one's trust; disloyal19
5055161930rancorous(adj) bitter and resentful; usually characterized by long standing hate20
5055161931sagacity(n) wisdom, soundness of perspective; wiseness21
5055161932venerable(adj) deserving of respect because of age or achievement22
5055161933evanescent(adj) vanishing, soon passing away; light and airy23
5195692792abnegation(n) the act of denial; relinquishing or giving up a right, possession, etc.; denying one's self24
5195692793acrid(adj) sharp or bitter to the taste or smell, pungent; exceedingly caustic25
5195692794apex(n) top or highest point of something (v) to reach a high point26
5195692795credulity(n) tendency to be too ready to believe that something is real or true; gullibility27
5195692796dross(n) something regarded as worthless; rubbish28
5195692797fulminate(v) to express vehement protest; to blow up or explode29
5195692798gravitas(n) dignity, seriousness, or solemnity of manner.30
5195692799hegemony(n) leadership or dominance, especially by one country/social group over others.31
5195692800insuperable(adj) impossible to overcome- usually of an obstacle32
5195692801jejune(adj) naive, simplistic, and superficial, dry and uninteresting33
5195692802dubious(adj) hesitating or doubting; suspicious34
5195692803menagerie(n) a strange or diverse collection of animals for display; or of people35
5195692804truculent(adj) savagely brutal; eager to fight36
5195692805verisimilitude(n) appearance of being true or real37
5195692806viscous(adj) sticky or syrupy in consistency38
5195692807maxim(n) an axiom; common fact or universal truth; short guideline of behavior39
5195692808mutable(adj) liable to change40
5195692809abstinence(n) practice of restraining oneself from indulging in something.41
5195692810disdain(n) the feeling that someone or something is unworthy of one's consideration or repeat; contempt; (v) to scorn42
5195692811pretension(n) a claim or the assertion of a claim to something; behavior meant to impress43
5242743787acerbic(adj) biting, bitter in tone or taste, sharp or sour in taste44
5242743788androgynous(adj) having both male and female characteristics45
5242743789augur(n) soothsayer; prophet; talkative person; (v) to divine or predict, as from omens; to talk excessively - supernatural context46
5242743790beatitude(n) blessedness; state of bliss47
5242743791diaspora(n) a forced emigration of people from their homeland48
5242743792discursive(adj.) passing aimlessly from one place or subject to another, rambling, roving49
5242743793disseminate(v) to scatter or spread widely50
5242743794extemporaneous(adj) made or delivered on the spur of the moment51
5242743795intractable(adj) difficult to manipulate, unmanageable; stubborm52
5242743796maladroit(adj) clumsy; unskillful53
5242743797politic(adj) prudent, shrewdly conceived and developed; artful, expedient; judicious54
5242743798requiem(n) a religious service or song for the deceased or lost55
5242743799sinecure(n) a position requiring little or no work; an easy job56
5242743800tendentious(adj) biased in point of view57
5242743801traduce(v) to slander someone's reputation58
5242743802abridge(v) to make shorter; condense59
5242743803benign(adj) gentle, kind; forgiving, understanding; harmless60
5242743804dastardly(adv) cowardly, wicked, cruel, and treacherous61
5242743805prognosticate(v) to predict or foretell a future event (scientific way)62
5242743806relegate(v) to place in a lower position; to assign, refer, turn over; to banish63
5303136019bon mot(n) a witty remark or saying64
5303136020extemporize(v) perform without preparation; to improvise65
5303136021digress(v) to go off-topic/leave the main subject when speaking or writing66
5303136022furlough(n) a leave of absence; (v) going on a leave of absence67
5303136023misogyny(n) hatred of women68
5303136024atavistic(adj) going back/reverting to behavior found in a remote ancestor69
5303136025plenary(adj) complete in all aspects or essentials; absolute; attended by all qualified members70
5303136026plutocrat(n) a member of the controlling upper-class; derogatory term71
5303136027potboiler(n) a poorly done artistic work, often for quick profit72
5303136028redoubtable(adj) inspiring fear or awe; illustrious, eminent; formidable73
5303136029stolid(adj) expressing little sensitivity, unemotional74
5303136030succor(n) relief, help in time of distress or want75
5303136031travesty(n) a grossly inferior imitation of something should be serious and revered76
5303136032vignette(n) a short, descriptive literary sketch77
5303136033xeric(adj) dry, lacking moisture; relating to dry climate78
5303136034misandry(n) hatred of males79
5303136035sardonic(adj) grimly or scornfully mocking, bitterly sarcastic80
5303136036casus belli(n) an event or action that justifies or allegedly justifies a war or conflict81
5303136037codify(v) to organize something (such as laws or rules) into a system82
5303136038compunction(n) remorse, regret83
5360035091abstract(adj) existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence. (n) a summary before the work--especially essays and articles84
5360035092benevolent(adj) generous; kind; doing good deeds85
5360035093capricious(adj) has sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or behavior.86
5360035094complacent(adj) showing smug or uncritical satisfaction with oneself or one's achievements, usually to a fault.87
5360035095conciliatory(adj) making less hostile, appeasing, attempting to make the peace; compromising88
5360035096buttress(v) to support, prop up, strengthen; (n) a supporting structure89
5360035097misanthropy(n) hatred or distrust of mankind90
5360035098irrefrangible(adj) cannot be broken or violated91
5360035099obnubilate(v) to cloud over; becloud; obscure.92
5360035100improvident(adj) not thrifty; failing to plan ahead; not showing foresight93
5360035101obdurate(adj) stubborn, unyielding94
5360035102crepuscular(adj) active at dawn and dusk; pertaining to twilight95
5360035103plausible(adj) appearing true, reasonable, or fair96
5360035104morose(adj) having a gloomy or sullen manner; not friendly or sociable97
5360035105reiterate(v) to say again for emphasis, repeat98
5360035106ostentatious(adj) characterized by showy or intended to impress99
5360035107despotic(adj) exercising absolute power; tyrannical100
5360035108impervious(adj) not affected or hurt by; admitting of no passage or entrance; impenetrable101
5360035109gait(n) a manner of walking, stepping, or running102
5360035110euphony(n) a pleasant, harmonious sound103
5408018859repudiate(v) to refuse to accept or be associated with; to deny the truth or validity of104
5408018860orthodoxy(n) authorized or generally accepted theory, doctrine, or practice105
5408018861fatuous(adj) silly or pointless106
5408018862execrate(v) to feel or express great loathing for; to curse107
5408018863ossified(v) to turn into bone or bony tissues; to cease developing108
5408018864mottled(v) to mark with spots or smears of color109
5408018865obliquely(adv) not in a direct way; indirectly; vaguely*110
5408018866insidious(adj) proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effects111
5408018867amelioration(n) the act of making something better; improvement112
5408018868dappled(adj) marked with spots or rounded patches113
5408018869protuberant(adj) protruding; bulging114
5408018870proliferate(adj) to increase in numbers or exponentially increase115
5408018871febrile(adj) having or showing the symptoms of a fever116
5408018872ruminant(n) a contemplative person; a person given to meditation (adj) contemplative117
5408018873desultorily(adv) lacking in consistency; wander; with no aim118
5408018874solipsism(n) the view/theory that the self is all that can be known to exist119
5408018875utilitarian(adj) characterized by believing in an action is right or morally just, then it must be good for all of the people120
5408018876ineffable(adj) too great or extreme to be expressed or described in words121
5408018877deprecatory(adj) expressing disapproval; apologetic or appeasing122
5408018878sonorous(adj) a person's voice or sound that is imposingly deep and full. Capable of producing a deep or ringing sound.123
5493012134labyrinthine(adj) intricate and confusing124
5493012135erasure(n) the removal of all traces of something125
5493012136niggling(v) to find fault with someone in a petty way; to cause slight annoyance in a persistent way126
5493012137effigies(n) a crude representation in order to be damaged or destroyed out of protest127
5493012138imposture(n) instance of deceiving another by imitating someone else.128
5493012139oligarchies(n) a small group controlling over a country or a community129
5493012140melancholy(n) a feeling of sadness or poignant feeling of sorrow130
5493012141palatial(adj) spacious and splendid131
5493012142incipient(adj) in its initial stage; beginning to develop132
5493012143pundit(n) an expert (commonly called on)133
5493012144furtive(adj) secretive; stealthy134
5493012145interminable(adj) endless135
5493012146perilously(adv) dangerously136
5493012147dislocate(v) to put out of a place or take out of order137
5493012148disquieting(adj) causing uneasiness or worry138
5493012149panegyric(n) copy psat definition. Speech of writing that praises someone139
5493012150tachycardia(n) condition of an abnormal heart beat140
5493012151gale(n) strong wind or storm141
5493012152muckraker(n) a person (usually a journalist) that seeks to stir up controversy142
5493012153witch-hunt(n) a process where one is seeking to slander someone143
5583488951innuendo(n) a hint, indirect suggestion, or reference (often in a derogatory sense)144
5583488952ludicrous(adj) ridiculous, laughable, absurd145
5583488953provocative(adj) tending to produce a strong feeling or response; arousing desire or appetite; irritating, annoying146
5583488954prodigality(n) wasteful extravagance in spending147
5583488955erroneous(adj) incorrect, containing mistakes *148
5583488956scrutinize(v) to examine in careful detail149
5583488957corpulent(adj) fat; having a large, bulky body150
5583488958clairvoyant(adj) supernaturally perceptive; (n) one who possesses extrasensory powers, seer151
5583488959impetuous(adj) quick to act without thinking *152
5583488960propensity(n) a natural inclination or predilection toward; tendency153
5583488961regressive(adj) moving in a backward direction154
5583488962resilient(adj) able to return to an original shape or form; able to recover quickly155
5583488963sedentary(adj) inactive; remaining in one place156
5583488964wanton(adj) reckless; heartless, unjustifiable; loose in morals; (n) a spoiled, pampered person; one with low morals157
5583488965ubiquitous(adj) existing everywhere at the same time; omniscient *158
5583488966zenith(n) the highest point reached by celestial objects, culminating point159
5583488967prevaricate(v) to lie or deviate from the truth160
5583488968stentorian(adj) extremely loud and powerful161
5583488969quiescent(adj) inactive; at rest *162
5583488970repose(v) to rest; lie; place; (n) relaxation, peace of mind, calmness163

AP World History- Chapter 1 Flashcards

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6405399458Sumerian City-StatesCities with experienced internal and external pressures that prompted them to establish states.0
6405399459SumerA land in the Southern half of Mesopotamia.1
6405399460Semitic MigrantsNomadic herders who went to Mesopotamia from the Arabian and Syrian deserts to the South and West.2
6405399461Sumerian KingsThe individual rulers that establish themselves as Monarchs.3
6405399462Sargon Of AkkadThe creator of empire in Mesopotamia.4
6405399463Hammurabi's Lawsa Babylonian legal code of the 18th century B.C. or earlier, instituted by Hammurabi and dealing with criminal and civil matters.5
6405399464The Assyrian EmpireIn this empire, people honored their powerful kings with beautiful palaces and huge sculptures. They built some of the earliest aqueducts.6
6405399465Social Classesgroups of people ranked according to ancestry, wealth, education7
6405399466Temple CommunitiesPriest and priestesses lived in these8
6405399467The Wheela Mesopotamian invention that was created at around 3500 BCE and was used to make wheeled carts9
6405399468Ship BuildingSumerians also experimented with technologies of maritime transportation, by 3500 B.C. they built a water craft that let them venture into the Gulf and beyond.10
6405399469Trade NetworksA trade network is a network of roads, railroads, harbors and airports that connect all of your cities together to share luxuries11
6405399470Iron MetallurgyExtraction of iron from its ores. allowed for cheaper stronger production of weapons and tools. More abundant than tin and copper12
6405399471Women's RolesWomen made their influence felt in the Mesopotamia society.13
6405399472Cuneiform WritingFirst writing, created around 3000 B.C., created by the Sumerians, written with reed stylus,14
6405399473Slavesproperty- slave owners could do anything with their slaves (buy, sell, abuse)15
6405399474The Epic of GilgameshAn epic poem from Mesopotamia, is among the earliest surviving works of literature16
6405399475Astronomy and MathematicsMayan advances in these subjects were motivated by the need to have an accurate calendar to know which god was in charge of the day.17
6405399476Moses and MonotheismAfter the time of Moses, the religious beliefs of the Israelites developed along increasingly distinctive lines.18
6405399477Assyrian and Babylonian Conqueststwo ancient empires that arose in Iraq.19
6405399478Migration and Settlement in PalestineSome Hebrews migrated from Palestine to Egypt during the eighteenth century B.C.E.. however this branch of Hebrews departed under the leadership of Moses and went to Palestine.20
6405399479Alphabetic Writinga way of writing in which one symbol represents one sound segment21
6405399480The Early Jewish CommunityThe exiles who returned to Judea after the Babylonian conquest did not abandon hope for a state of there own, and indeed they organized several small Jewish states.22
6405399481The Early PhoeniciansAn ancient semetic thalassocratic civilization situated on the western, costal part of the Fertile Crescent and centered on the modern day Lebanon.23
6405399482Indo-European Languagesa family of several hundred related languages and dialects24
6405399483The Indo-European HomelndThe original homeland of Indo- European speakers was probably the steppe region of modern day Ukraine and Southern Russia.25
6405399484HorsesAnimal introduced by Europeans that transformed the Indian way of life on the Great Plains26
6405399485The Hittiesthey were mesopotamian people who were the first to work iron. they lasted from about 1680 bc to 1180 bc.27
6405399486Indo-European Migrations to the EastSome Indo- Europeans went east in central Asia.28
6405399487Indo-European Migrations to the WestOne wave of migration took Indo- European speakers into Greece.29
6405399488Indo-European Migrations to the SouthLater a wave of migration established an Indo- European presence in Iran and India.30
6405399489Climatic changepermanent change in weather conditions31
6405399490Early Sudanic AgriculturalAfter about 9000 B.C.E., peoples of Eastern Sudan domesticated cattle and became Nomadic herders, while they continued to collect wild grains.32
6405399491The Nile river valleyWhere most Egyptians live.33
6405399492Early Agriculture in the Nile ValleyGeography ensured that both Egypt and Nubia would come under influence of both sub- Saharan Africa and Eastern Mediterranean basin, since the Nile river links the 2 regions.34
6405399493Menesunited the kingdoms of lower and upper Egypt and created first Egyptian dynasty35
6405399494The Archaic Period and the Old KingdomThe Archaic period (3100-2660 B.C.E.). The old Kingdom (2660-2160 B.C.E.).36
6405399495Relations between Nubia and EgyptThe fortunes of Egypt and Nubia remained closely intertwined.37
6405399496The middle KingdomFrom about 2050-1700 B.C.E., centralized government was restored in Egypt under the 11th and 12th dynasties. However, the period of stability ended when foreigners, known as the Hyksos, invaded the Nile Delta and conquered the Egyptian army.38
6405399497The New KingdomFrom about 1550-1100 B.C.E., under the 18th to 20th dynasties, the Egyptian pharaohs reasserted their power. Expanded into the Levant and Anatolia, and up the Nile River into Africa and across the Sinai peninsula. Dominated the eastern shoreline of the Mediterranean, and came into conflict there with the Hittites, who claimed the same territory.39
6405399498Egyptian ImperialismPharaohs of the New Kingdom40
6405399499TransportationThe process by which passengers or goods are moved or delivered from one place to another.41
6405399500EducationA type of social institution. Provides a formal structure during childhood/transition into adulthood and an opportunity to instruct youth on the social norms, knowledge, skills, expectations needed.42
6405399501Meroitic writingwas a Nubian script that borrowed Egyptian Hieroglyphs43
6405399502Amon and RePrincipal Gods in Egypt44
6405399503Mumificationhepled preserve bodies because after life was the most important life45
6405399504Cult of Osirismythical god of underworld, associated with immortality and honored, believed that those with a pure heart gained eternal life, honored through a religious cult that observed high moral standards46
6405399505Religious Beliefsspecific ideas that members of a particular faith hold to be true47
6405399506Yellow RiverAlso known as the Huang-He. The second longest river in China. The majority of ancient Chinese civilizations originated in its valley.48
6405399507The Xia DynastyFirst (legendary) dynasty of China. From 21st century BCE to 16th century BCE49
6405399508Yangshao Society and Banpo Village5000-3000 B.C.E Yangshao Society, had it own distinguish culture, political, and social traditions, was founded in the Middle of the Huang He River. Around 1952, near the Xi'an period (Neolithic period), it was founded, and was called Banpo Village.50
6405399509Bronze Metallurgy and Horse-Drawn ChariotsHorse drawn chariots and Bronze metallurgy reached china by 1200 B.C.E. even though the Xia probably had bronze tools before this. The horse drawn chariots were mainly only used by Shang warriors and kings.51
6405399510Political SystemShang's political system, relied on large corporations like the Xia. They as well had a broad network that allow kings to have authority, to the local rulers that controlled the local towns. Although they did associate with under clansmen such as metal-smiths,craftsman;etc. Which helped shaped the ruler's realm.52
6405399511The Shang Capital at AoOne of Shang Dynasty earliest capital found by archeologists, was near what is modern times Zhengzhou, China. It city wall originally stand at 10 meters, with a base of 20 meters, which contain layers of earth soil, with wood on top and malleted in till it was rock hard.53
6405399512The Shang Capital at YinDuring the last two or three centuries of the Shang era, this city lasted as the capital. As well known for being the "Royal Palaces" during the time,which is near modern Anyang,China.54
6405399513Beyond the Yellow River ValleySimilar to the Xia and Shang dynasties past the yellow river were large rich cities like Sanxingdui (modern south western china).55
6405399514The Mandate of HeavenThe divine right to rule, and to restore china to a new dynasty.56
6405399515The rise of ZhouDuring the late twelfth century BCE, Shang and Zhou ambitions ambitions had collaborated, which had triggered the rise of Zhou. As a result, many of Zhang's control has shifted to Zhou. After many unsuccessful bcs, Zhou forced his government upon the Zhang area during 1122 b.c.e ,which soon became 'Zhou'57
6405399516Shang Political OrganizationXia's organization, Shang rulers used large corps in political allies. Primarily replied on a network of walled towns and the usage of local rulers that recognized the Zhang kings authority. Which Shang's rulers talked with agricultural people in order to improve their influence and their realms.58
6405399517Weakening of the ZhouSub rulers began to become independent and stop obeying the Zhou dynasty. When invaders came, the dynasty didn't have enough support and the capital was taken over. The production of iron was increasing and the empire was unable to control the metal industry.59
6405399518Ruling ElitesThe upper class rose by heredity from those allied with military warriors.60
6405399519Veneration Of AncestorsFamily ancestors could bring good or evil fortune to the living members of the family.61
6405399520Patriarchal SocietyA social structure where a man is the head of the family and the community62
6405399521Oracle Bonesanimal bone or shell carved with written characters that was used to predict the future in ancient China63
6405399522Zhou LiteratureBook of Changes, Book of Rites, Book of History, and Book of Songs.64
6405399523The Book of SongsAnthology of Chinese poetry from the Zhou period65
6405399524Destruction of Early Chinese LiteratureIn 221 B.C.E. the current emperor then destroyed all books that did not have some immediate utilitarian value.66
6405399525Steppe NomadsThe most notable of the Steppe Nomads are the mongols who are first mentioned in the 13th century. They dominated throughout Eurasia building vast empires, and built up fast trade networks.67
6405399526The State of ChuA powerful state that emerged during the late Zhou in the central region of the Yangzi River; governed its affairs autonomously and challenged the Zhou for supremacy.68
6405399527Early Agriculture in MesopotamiaHaving the 'TE' (Tigris and Euphrates), the primarily focus on hunting and gathering, soon later on learned how to grow things. For which from there made their community bigger, eventually lead them to trade with neighboring cities.69
6405399528Ceremonial CentersA large plaza in a city center, surrounded by temples and palaces, where religious rituals and other public ceremonies took place.70
6405399529Olmecs: The "Rubber People"These people were named the 'Rubber People', because they were surrounded by rubber trees that inhabited the land. Which Olmec cultural traditions influenced all societies of this era.71
6405399530Olmec SocietyA preclassic Mesoamerican people who developed a major civilization in southern Mexico about 1000 BC; these people are noteworthy for having carved giant stone heads from basaltic rock, and like the Easter Islanders, transported the heads over considerable distances to be erected at ceremonial centers.72
6405399531The MayaLived in the Yucatan Peninsula; major focus was religion; made an accurate calendar with 365 days; built large stone temples in the shape of pyramids; created their own system of hieroglyphics; civilization declined around 900 AD but no one knows why (although some still exist today).73
6405399532Trade Jade and ObsidianOlmec produced/traded jade and obsidian with other civilizations in order to get in return weapons.74
6405399533TikalA ruined Mayan city of northern Guatemala. It was the largest of the Mayan cities and may also be the oldest75
6405399534Maya WarfareThe purpose of Maya Warfare was to capture enemies for slavery or human sacrifice.76
6405399535Maya declineThe Maya declined for various theories, One was the theory, is that there was increased warfare. Second theory was that cities grew,because of that, there was not enough food/land to support the population, which was leading to more warfare over crops. The third theory is that the kings demanded their people to build more temples and the people rebelled. The last theory is that there was an intense drought making it difficult to grow crops. Historians believe that a mixture of these theories led to their decline.77
6405399536Chichen ItzaA large pre-columbian city in Mesoamerica built by the Mayan Civilization78
6405399537The Maya CalenderMaya priests has created the most 'accurate' calendar that identify the cycles of time and had 365 days made using the agricultural cycle.79
6405399538The Maya WritingMaya had created Hieroglyphs80
6405399539The Maya Religious"Popol Vuh' was a myth that Maya created and taught that gods had created humans out of maize and water, Which were supposedly, made our human flesh and blood. Maya religious primarily focuses on agricultural in their society.81
6405399540Bloodletting RitualsMayan ritual of shedding human blood for sacrifice to prompt the gods to send rain water for crops82
6405399541The Maya Ball gameThis was inherited from the Olmecs. The game sometimes pitted two men against each other, but it often involved teams o two to four members apiece. The object of the game was for players to score points by propelling a rubber ball through a ring or onto a marker without using their hands. The ball was made of rubber and was heavy and hard, making it easy for a player to get a concussion.83
6405399542The City of TeotihuacanThe largest agricultural village in 500 b.c.e , which expanded to 200 b.c.e . The city's most precious monuments, were the pyramids that represent the sun and the moon. This city was the home to about two hundreds thousands of civilians, which created a thriving city.84
6405399543The Society of TeotihuacanTeotihuacan's had a vast majority of artisans and merchants. Residents would often join in extensive trade and exchange networks in order to receive goods. Around 500 b.c.e , the city did not really have a ground base for military use, but they do protect their resources. Using the authority has a backup for military purposes.85
6405399544Cultural TraditionsEach culture has certain times that reflect historical events. Ex: US celebrates July 4th Independence Day. Culture's beliefs, values, and norms are reflected in the language of its members. Ex: Western cultures word for youthfulness is fresh or springtime of life. Culture is influenced by the media and popular entertainments. Culture is not fixed but changes as its members change.86
6405399545Decline of TeotihuacanInternal upheaval in 400s CE; Another upheaval in late 500CE (fire and destruction) uprising the rulers; periods of cooler weather and droughts and were generally difficult times for farming87
6405399546Early Agriculture in South America8000-7000 BCE people of Mesoamerica-Central Mexico to Honduras and El Salvador-began to cultivate beans, chili peppers, avocados, squash and gourds. 4000 BCE they discovered maize, which became staple food for the region. Agricultural villages appeared after 3000 BCE and by 2000 BCE agriculture had spread through Mesoamerica. Early Mesoamericans ate rich cultivated food and didn't keep as many animals as the people in eastern hemisphere. Domesticated animals; turkey, and small barkless dogs for food.88
6405399547The Chavin CultA new religion that appeared during 1000 b.c.e to 800 b.c.e spread which is today Peru. No information made it up to today world, but theories tete that capacity of maize became a important crop and was present to be a promotion of fertility and abundant harvest.89
6405399548The Mochica StateOne of Early Andean states, left a bequest that showed life of a society would most likely lost. Mochica had a base of a valley of the Moche River, which ruled over all the coasts and northern Peru, during 300-700 c,e. Many ceramics show forms of people head's and other present everyday life of the different social class.90
6405399549Early CitiesCities of the ancient world—mostly based on agriculture and subsistence farming; basically the urban hearths of the world (i.e. Mesoamerica, Indus River Valley).91
6405399550Austronesian PeopleOriginated from SE Asia, sophisticated maritime technology, double hulled canoes, agricultural expertise, arrived in New Guinea in 3000 BCE and established coastal settlements.92
6405399551The Lapita PeopleThe earliest Austronesian migrants to establish human settlements in the Pacific Ocean.93
6405399552Political OrganizationZhou's rulers decide that a 'decentralized administration' would be best rather than a single center government. They believe entrusting power, authority, and responsibility to loyal friends or leader, As long they in return give allegiance, tribute, and military support. Continue to take over conqueror and rule them self as they pleased.94
6405399553Austronesian Migration to PolynesiaLocated in an area called Oceana. These oceanic voyagers had settled every habitable piece in the pacific basin within about 2,500 years. Other austronesians had sailed west from Indonesia across the Indian Ocean to settle the Island of Madagascar off the coast of Eastern Africa95
6405399554Early Hunting and Gathering Societies in AustraliaHunting and gathering was commonly used as well like any ancient society, the Australians took seasonal migrations in search for food. They had used about 124 plants for use of medicines, a plant-based diet, and weapons.96
6405399555Early Agriculture in New Guinea8000-7000 BCE people of Mesoamerica-Central Mexico to Honduras and El Salvador-began to cultivate beans, chili peppers, avocados, squash and gourds. 4000 BCE they discovered maize, which became staple food for the region. Agricultural villages appeared after 3000 BCE and by 2000 BCE agriculture had spread through Mesoamerica. Early Mesoamericans ate rich cultivated food and didn't keep as many animals as the people in eastern hemisphere. Domesticated animals; turkey, and small barkless dogs for food.97
6405399556Maya DeclineOne theory is that there was increased warfare. The second was that theory is that as cities grew there was not enough food/land to support the population leading to more warfare over crops. A third theory is that the kings demanded their people to build more temples and the people rebelled. The fourth theory is that there was an intense drought making it difficult to grow crops. Historians believe that a mixture of these theories led to their decline.98
6405399557HykoForeign peoples from the south.99
6435983243UrukAncient Mesopotamia's largest city.100

AP World History-- Exploration Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6065446560what opened European's eyes to the vast riches of the orientthe crusades // the adventures of marco polo0
6065461939what were the three main reasons for exploration--gold --glory --god1
6065469731whose support led to portugal taking the lead in explorationgovernmental support from Prince Henry the Navigator2
6065492915what conquest did prince henry the navigator take that made him want to search the orientconquest of the muslim city of Ceuto in north africa (1415)3
6065529574what did prince henry the navigator find in ceuto that dazzled him--exotic spices (pepper/cinnamon/cloves) --gold/silver/jewels4
6065544491why did portugal have the ideal location for explorationit was located on the atlantic ocean at the southwest corner of europe5
6065795078how did prince henry the navigator enhance portugal's opportunities in explorationhe established a navigation school where mapmakers/instrument makers/shipbuilders/scientists/sea captains gathered to perfect his trade6
6065870806what two main inventions allowed explorationthe caravel// the astrolabe7
6065873253what was an astrolabeit allowed captains to judge latitude (distance north and south)8
6065895786what was the MOST IMPORANTNT INVENNTIONNNthe caravel9
6065895787what was the caravela ship that allowed europeans to sail into the wind via triangular sails10
6065903639what is another word for 'into the wind''to tack'11
6065905871where did the portuguese believe the path to the orient lieit lay around africa, so they began exploring down the west coat of africa12
6065987633what italian captain tried to convince the portuguese that the path to the orient was west around the wordchristopher columbus13
6066010140why did the portuguese disagree with columbus' ideaaathe world was too big and any ship would run out of supplies before reaching the orient14
6066103765which portuguese captain sailed around the southern tip of africa in 1488bartolomeu dias15
6066125928who was the first european to reach the orient (india) by sailing around the southern tip of africavasco da gama16
6066131383what was another name for the southern tip of africathe cape of good hope17
6066143961who did christopher columbus go to for support after the portuguese denied his ideasthe spanish (ferdinand and isabella)18
6066173525why did ferdinand and isabella turn christopher columbus the first timethey were in the middle of driving the moors (muslims) out of spain19
6066181870what was the last muslim stronghold to fall to the spanishgrenada20
6066193612when did ferdinand and isabella accept christopher columbus' proposal`149221
6066202959what were columbus's thrreeeeee shippsps--the nina --the pinta --the santa maria22
6066208876why are native americans known as indiansbc christopher columbus thought he reached the east iindies23
6066220904who discovered that the land that columbus came across was not actually part of asia, but a new worldamerigo vespucci24
6066265912why is america what it isgerman mapmaker named it america in honor of amerigoooo25
6066280436what did pope alexander VI do to prevent a trade war between portugal and the spanishhe made the treaty of tordesillas in 149326
6066289936what did the treaty of tordisillas invilvea line of demarcation (running north/south 1250 miles west of cape verde islands)--east of the line was portugal's, west of the line was spain's27
6066330118which area came under portuguese control while the rest remained with the spanishbrazil28
6066346294who led the first expedition to circumnavigate the worldferdinand magellan (1519)29
6066354475what was the outcome of the mission to circumnavigate the worldmagellan was killed, only 1 ship with 18 men survived , but they made it bOI30
6067240891who had dominated the spice trade in the indian ocean for centuriesTHE muslims31
6067249163how did the portuguese take control of the spice trade away from the muslims--they captured Goa (1510) and made it the capital of their trading empire --took over the moluccas, which became known as the spice islands32
6067269814what was the differences in trading expenses for overland trade vs sea tradesea trade cost 1/5 the amount that over land trade did33
6067326881who challenged the portugues' control over the indian ocean tradethe english and the dutch34
6067341754what was unique about the dutch's fleetit was the largest in the world with 20,000 vessels35
6067347367what powers did the dutch east indian company have--the power to mint money --the power to make treaties --the power to raise their own armies36
6067362207where were the dutch's trading headquartersJava37
6067364848what is another name for the dutch republicthe netherlands38
6067367083what is the dutch capitalamsterdam39
6067369879what is unique about amsterdamit became the leading commercial city of europe40
6067381807under which dynasty did the chinese unite when they drove out the mongolsthe Ming dynasty41
6067448234who drove the mongols out of china (1368) and became the first ming emperorHongwu, the son of a peasant42
6067461048what was the capital of china in the ming dynastyBeijing (the forbidden city)43
6067475031which chinese admiral launched seven voyages of exploration into southeast asia and india (1405)Zheng He44
6067480764how long was japan's period of isolation200 years45
6067514110what factors discouraged chinese exploration--their economy was agriclturally based --high taxes on manufacturing//trade46
6067526846which jesuit tried to introduce christianity to chinaMatteo Ricci47
6067529363who conquered china from the north in 1644the manchus48
6067535533what dynasty did the manchus estalishthe Qing dynasty49
6067538826how long did the qing dynasty last260 years50
6067543591which qing emperor led china to its greatest size prosperityqian-long51
6067595610what did the ritual kowtow entailvisitors kneeled down in front of the emperor and touch their heads to the ground 9 times52
6067610600which country opened trade with chinathe dutch (england did not)53
6067619954what items were traded between china and the dutch--porcelain --silk --tea54
6067629063what percentage of shipments to europe was made up of tea by 180080%55
6067646477what was china's population by 1800300 million56
6067650458what other area did the manchus conquer during the qing dynastykorea (the hermit kingdom)57
6067657507what period in japan was their civil war (the period of the warring states)1467-156858
6067669376who fought in the japanese civil wardaimyos (japanese nobles) for control59
6067673981where did the japanese emperor rule fromkyoto (though he had little actual power lol)60
6067678115which daimyo brought an end to the civil warOda Nobunaga61
6067682256what was oda nobunaga's banner'rule the empire by force'62
6067690255who was the first shogun of japanTokugawa Ieyasu63
6067695531which major city was the capital of Edo going to becometokyo, yo64
6067703503what institution was founded by tokugawa ieyasuthe tokugawa shogunate (ruled until 1868)65
6067720349what form of poetry became popular in japanhaiku poetry66
6067723693which jesuit led the first christian mission to japanfrancis xavier67
6067727797what caused japan's period of isolationshoguns resented european meddling68
6067760433who explored present day florida//southeast US in an attempt to find a water route across the new world (1513)Juan Ponce de Leon69
6067765543what native american legend did juan ponce de leon get distracted bythe fountain of youth70
6067771494who crossed the isthmus of panama and discovered/named the pacific ocean (1513)Vasco Nunez de Balboa71
6067809523who landed on the present day coast of mexico (1519)hernando cortez72
6067825396who was the aztec ruler than bestowed gifts upon the conquistadorsMontezuma II73
6067832204what advantages did the spanish conquistadors have over the aztecs--spanish had guns/cannons while aztecs only had arrows/spears --spanish were assisted by neighboring tribes that also hated the aztecs lmao --spanish brought disease (mumps/smallpox/typhus/measles) to the aztecs that they weren't immune to74
6067870611who defeated the incan tribefrancisco pizarro75
6067879469who was the incan ruler that was captured and later killed by the spanishatahualpa76
6067885891what was the incan capital conquered by the spanishcuzco77
6067936167who discovered the mississippi river and explored parts of southwestern US (1539-1542)Hernando DeSoto78
6067979116who explored southwestern US in search of the Seven Cities of Cibola and found the great canyon instead (1540-1542)francisco coronado79
6068008013what city was built in southwestern USsanta fe (holy faith)80
6068011050what were spanish settlers calledpeninsulars81
6068016490what were mestizospeople of mixed native/spanish descent82
6068022020what was the encomiendaa forced labor system by the spanish that made native americans farm/ranch/mine83
6068031194which catholic priest disagreed with the use of native americans as slavesbartolome de las casas84
6068037045which portuguese explorer gave portugal a claim to brazilpedro cabral85
6068091093what was the northwest passagean all water route across america86
6068101128who was sent by king henry VII of england to search for the northwest passage (1947)john cabot87
6068115585where did cabot land in the new world that gave the english a claimnewfoundland, canada88
6068136174who sailed to the new world in the name of king francis I of francegiovanni verrazzano89
6068143410which frenchman sailed up the st lawrence river// found Mont RoyalJacques cartier90
6068154597what name did mont royal later acquireMontreal91
6068158120who explored the great lakes//the upper mississippi riverjacques marquette//louis joliet92
6068165194what was the first permanent english settlement in the new worldjamestown93
6068167750where did the pilgrims settleplymouth, massachusetts94
6068172459which group came to american searching for religious freedomthe puritans95
6068235853what was the difference between the english/french agendas in the new worldzenglish wanted to settle, french just wanted to trade96
6068246254what was the french and indian war (seven years war)fought between french/indians and english, english won and lay claim to most of north america97
6068272302what caused millions of native americans to die from coming into contact with europeans--warfare --worked to death in harsh conditions --disease98
6068282807what were the effects of islam being spread to africa--increase in slavery --first introduced europeans to african slavery99
6068294049what were the advantages of using africans as slaves rather than native americans--africans had immunities to european diseases --had experience in agriculture/working in harsh conditions --africans were unfamiliar with the new world, so would be less likely to escape100
6068317126how many africans were brought to the new world by 18709.5 million101
6068324308until its outlaw in 1807, who was the leading carrier of enslaved africansengland102
6068330139what was the triangular trade--Europeans would transport manufactured goods to the west coast of Africa to trade for slaves --slaves were transported across Atlantic ocean to west indies, sold for molasses//sugar --molasses/sugar sold to rum producers in new England --rum shipped back over northern Atlantic to Europe103
6068373046what was the middle passagethe voyage that brought africans to the new world104
6068390689how many africans died in the middle passage20%105
6068396529what were the consequences of the african slave trade--african villages lost their best men and women to the slave trade --families were torn apart --guns were introduced to africa, spreading war/conflict106
6068414630what was the columbian exchangethe global exchange of plants/animals107
6068436975what foods were transported over the columbian exchange--tomatoes --squash --pineapples --peanuts --pumpkins --quinine --tobacco --corn --cacoa beans --potatoes --onions --olives --peaches --grapes --wheat --rice --bananas --black-eyed-peas --yams108
6068533152what two foods helped to increase the population sizecorn and potatoes109
6068757331what animals were transported over the columbian exchange--horses --cattle --sheep --pigs --honeybees110
6068769181what is the commercial revolutiona new wave of businesses and trade practices in europe that greatly increased the wealth of european nations111
6068777737what is capitalisman economic system based on private ownership and the investment of wealth for profits112
6068789424what were join-stock companieswhere a number of people pool their wealth for a common purpose like financing a trade expedition113
6068796048what was mercantilisma theory that a country's power depended mainly on its wealth114
6068800344how did countries acquire wealthit needed to sell more goods than it bought--to do this, nations needed colonies to provide raw materials115
6068811980what was the ultimate goal in mercantilismto become self sufficient so that a nation would not have to depend on other nations for goods116

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