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AP World History - Islam Flashcards

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3236630427True or false. There was separation between government and religion for Islam.False0
32366345751095First crusade1
3236641452What happens when Rome collapses? (intellectual property)Germanic Barbarians do not care about intellectual things Rome left behind. Islamic empire preserves intellectual things.2
3236661261Constantinople served as what?gate keeper3
3236665558What religion was Byzantine empire?Christian4
3236680711Describe Byzantine's empire over time.Gradually loses territory; muslims fill power vacuum.5
3236689353Definition of an "Arab" over time.Starts as someone born in Arabia, then expands to anyone who speaks Arabic.6
3236699579Describe Mecca.Most important city in Pre-Islamic time period. Rich in resources. Comparable to Rome.7
32367126113 most important cities in Pre-Islamic time periodMecca, Medina and Jerusalem.8
3236721416True or False. Warfare is common between clans.True9
3236728758Name for natives in Arabia.Bedovins (may be spelt incorrectly).10
3236741199Name for tribal Arabs in North Africa.Burburs.11
3236746313Where was Muhammed born?Mecca.12
3236750103Mohammed's first job.Working on trade route Mecca to Fertile Crescent.13
3236757675Who did Mohammed Marry?The widow of the man who gave Mohammed his job.14
3236764190Who controlled the City of Mecca?Umayyad Clan15
3236774784How long did Mohammed have revelations from God?until he died16
3236777684Name 3 of Mohammed's revelations.DO respect women, NO alcohol & NO gambling.17
3236800983How did the Umayyad initially feel about Mohammed?They didn't like him; threatened to kill him.18
3236813669Explain Year of Hijra. (two main points)Year Mohammed fled to Medina where he gained a following and continued to preach. First year of Islamic calendar.19
3236859638How does Mohammed take control of Mecca?Military conquest (this answer may be wrong).20
3236862458KaabaHoliest shrine in Islam. (It's the box).21
3236876881Is Mohammed seen as Divine?No, he is only seen as the last prophet.22
3236885005Who are the "People of theBook"? how did Mohammed feel they should be treated?Jews and Christians. He felt they should be treated with respect.23
3236892630How did Amerindian converts differ from Islamic converts?Amerindians were able to stay partly pagan.24
3236905187How does the Qur'an differ from the Bible and Torah?The Qur'an was written almost immediately.25
3236916484The Qur'an laid the code of what four things?Law, political theory, social behavior, and economic theory.26
3236927411What does "Dar al Islam" mean?The world of Islam.27
3236932855Name the five pillars of faith.1. There is no god but Allah. 2. Call to prayer (facing Mecca). 3. Giving of Alms (donating 2.5% of income). 4. Observe Ramadan (30 days of fasting). 5. The Hajj (journey to Mecca).28
3237087863How is a halo depicted in Islamic art?Flames or aura.29
3237090098Muslim ArtCalligraphy30
3237092558Explain the HajjJourney to Mecca. Takes placed after end of Ramadan. Yearly event.31
3237116011The Dome of the RockHoly shrine to Muslims32
3237119512Shari'a lawbody of Islamic law to regulate daily living33
3237128173Sharian laws regarding women.Veiling of women (hijab) - Persian tribal origins Up to four wives allowed at once34
3237150479What non-muslim group adopted veiling? (Purdah)High caste hindus.35
3237162016Why did Islam spread so quickly?no formal training required easiest to practice egalitarian features teaches equality religious toleration36
3237173812True or false. Adultery and homosexuality was not forbidden.False37
3237215498Describe slavery in Islamic empire and how it differs.There is allot of slavery. Muslims cannot be enslaved because they are equal in the eyes of god. Slavery differs because slaves can be picked for skills and beauty rather than only for labor.38
3237265548When does Islam spread rapidly?After Mohammed's death.39
3237268546What is a Caliph?political and religious leader40
3237273605Who is the last Caliph and who fills the power vacuum after he dies?Ali (Mohammed's son in law) & Umayyad fills power vacuum.41
3237289166Where do the Umayyad move the capital to?Damascus42
3237292839Who was taxed high?non muslims43
3237299477Where did the Umayyad adopt administration ideas from as well as officials?Persia44
3237303072What land did the Umayyad partially conquer?Byzantine and Persian land (may not be accurate).45
3237306718What is a Visor?top administrator (term originally from Persia)46
3237313738Who were the Rightly Guided Caliphs?people directly taught by Mohammed47
3237329488Describe Charles Martel.Germanic barbarian. Stopped western expansion of Islam.48
3237337921Abbasid Caliphate origins.Created because Umayyad was corrupt. Dinner party murder (one survived). Conservative Muslims.49
3237371093Where did the survivor of the dinner party flee to.Cordova - intellectual center (located in spain)50
3237380821Umayyads could be characterized as what?Sunni - those who follow Mohammed's example. (Caliphs are supposed to model Mohammed)51
3237393505True or false. You must prove yourself to become a Caliph.True52
3237397002What does Shi'a mean."party of Ali"53
3237419921Where do the Abbasid move the capital and when?Baghdad in 762 ce54
3237453869Where did the Abbasid trade?Mediterranean and Indian Ocean55
3237467858Abbasid relative to Tang.When Tang was big Abbasid was still small.56
3237474181Abbasid relative to Europenothing going on in europe57
3237482546Modern bankingdeveloped by Abbasid58
3237484468Sakkletters of credit59
3237492751Who was the only superior to the Abbasid?Mongols60
3237494774House of wisdom.Located in Baghdad. Greek and Roman literature and intellectual items stored there. Indian Medical textbooks. Jews and christians also came to study.61
32375093471001 Arabian Nights-frame story62
3237539273Who has the most influence on Byzantine?Greece.63
3237542251Justinian Code - 3 main things5000 laws Digest - interpretation of laws Institutes - law schools Novella - all original laws added to Roman laws64
3237555041Innovations by Byzantineonly flamethrower65
3237566225True or false. Byzantine was located in a naturally secure location and was an economic center.True66
3237569287Hagia SophiaByzantine christian church which in 1433 turns into mosque when Ottomans takeover67
3237574956When was black plague?6th century68
3237586524Describe how the newly formed roman catholic and eastern orthodox differ.East Orthodox Church uses icons.69

AP Flashcards

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5343059222KnossosLokasyon ng minoan0
5343059223MycenaeLokasyon ng mycenaen1
5343059224Haring MinosPinagmulan ng pangalan ng minoan2
5343059225MonarkiyaPamahalaan ng Minoan3
5343059226Linear ASistema ng pagsusulat ng mga minoan4
5343059227Lungsod ng MycenaePinagmulan ng pangalan ng Mycenean5
5343059228MonarkiyaPamahalaan ng mycenaen6
5343059229Linear BSystema ng pagsusulat ng mga Mycenean7
5343059230HomerMay akda ng liad at odyssey8
5343059231LiadKwento ng digmaan sa pagitan ng mga greek at trojan sanhi ng pagdukot ng paris kay helen , asawa ni melelaus ng sparta9
5343059232OdysseyKwento ng mga nagyari kay odyssesus sa kanyang pagbalik sa iihaca pagkatapos magapi ang troy10
5343059233Mt. OlympusPinaniniwalaang tahanan ng mga diyos at diyosang greek11
5343059234NectarInumin ng mga diyos at diyosa12
5343059235AmbrosiaPagkain ng mga diyos at diyosa13
5343059236776 BCEKung kailan ginanap ang kaunaunahang olympics14
5343059237393 BCEKung kailan ipinatigil ni emperor Theoduis ng olympics15
53430592381896Kung kailan nagsimula ang pagdaraos ng olympics tuwing ikaapat na taon16
5343059239PenthathonBroad jump, discus hurt, javelin throw, staduim, sprint17
5343059240Olympic TruceEstado ay titigil sa pakikidigma18
5343059241MiloKaunaunahang kampeon sa olympics19
5343059242Laurel WreathPabuya o parangal sa nagwagi20
5343059243MonumentoPabuys o parangal sa 3 beses na nagwagi21
5343059244KamatayanParusa sa sinumang mandaraya sa olypics22
5343059245Alexander the GreatTalunan sa olympics23
5343059246Emperor neroHindi matangap ang pagkatalo24
534305924712 centuries16 ang nandaya25
5343059248PolisSentro ng kalakalan26
5343059249ParthenonTemplo para kay Athena27
5343059250CaryotidMaliliit na estatwa ni athena28
5343059251AcropolisTanggulan o fort29
5343059252AgoraKaraniwang nasa ibaba ng acropolis30
5343059253HopliteMamamayang sundalo ng mga lungsod-estadong greek31
5343059254PhalanxRectangular formation32
5343059255PheidippidesTumakdo mula marathon 34 na kilometro33
5343380788PantheonTemplong romano34
5343380789GladiatorAlipin, preso, criminal35
5343380790ForumBukas na lugar para sa pagpapalitan ng mga kuro- kuro36
5343380791ColosseumBukas na teatro na may disenyong greek at roman37
5343380792VirgilMay akda ng epikong aenid38
5343380793AenidEpiko tungkol sa pagdating ni aeneas sa italy pagkatapos ng digmaang trojan39
5343380794AeneasBayani ng aneid40
5343380795Tacitus"Herodotus ng roma"41
5343380796CiceroMahusay na mananalpsti42
5343380797PlebianKaraniwang tao, magsasaka mangangalankal43
5343380798The law of 12 tablesUnang kalipunan ng naisulat na batas romano44
5343380799Due processMatagal45

AP Literature Vocab Unit 7 Flashcards

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3395632673abeyance(n.) a state of being temporarily inactive, suspended, or set aside0
3395633655ambivalent(adj.) having opposite ad conflicting feelings about someone or something1
3395635849beleaguer(v.) to set upon from all sides; to surround with an army; to trouble, harass2
3395637299carte blanche(n.) full freedom or authority to act at one's own discretion3
3395642323cataclysm(n.) a sudden, violent, or devastating upheaval; a surging flood, deluge4
3395646562debauch(v.) to corrupt morally, seduce; to indulge in dissipation; (n.) an act or occasion of dissipation or vice5
3395649445eclat(n.) dazzling or conspicuous success or acclaim; great brilliance (of performance or achievement)6
3395652079fastidious(adj.) overly demanding or hard to please; excessively careful in regard to details; easily disgusted7
3395654759gambol(v.) to jump or skip about playfully8
3395656462imbue(v.) to soak or stain thoroughly; to fill the mind9
3395657730inchoate(adj.) just beginning; not fully shaped or formed10
3395672050lampoon(n.) a malicious satire; (v.) to satirize, ridicule11
3395673316malleable(adj.) capable of being formed into different shapes; capable of being altered, adapted, or influenced12
3395683836nemesis(n.) an agent or force inflicting vengeance or punishment; retribution itself; an unbeatable rival13
3395686047opt(v.) to make a choice or decision14
3395686977philistine(adj.) lacking in, hostile to, or smugly indifferent to cultural and artistic values or refinements; (n.) such a person15
3395689675picaresque(adj.) involving or characteristic of clever rogues or adventurers16
3395692229queasy(adj.) nauseated or uneasy; causing nausea or uneasiness; troubled17
3395693905refractory(adj.) stubborn; hard or difficult to manage; not responsive to treatment or cure18
3395696643savoir-faire(n.) the ability to say and do the right thing in any situation; social competence19

AP world history chapter 17 Flashcards

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565514359Identify Niccolo Machiavelliemphasized realistic discussion0
565514360Identify humanisimfocused on human kind (here and now)1
565514361When and why did Italy begin to decline as a renaissance center?Northern Renaissance during 14502
565514362What was the Northern Renaissance?focused on France, the low countries, and Germany3
565514363What were some primary differences between the Northern and Italian Renaissance?Norther Humanists and wrote in own languages4
565514364Identify Francis IKing of France5
565514365How did the Renaissance effect normal people or peasants?Economic questions6
565514366What was Johannes Gutenberg responsible for?movable type7
565514367What was the European-style family pattern?late marriages8
565514368Most people could not marry until they had access to ________property9
565514369Why is Martin Luther important?A German Monk who questioned the Roman Church10
565514370What are indulgences?Grants of salvation11
565514371What were some of Luther's beliefs?No authority by the pope, God couldn't be manipulate, rebuffed by the papacy, catholic beliefs12
565514372What does the Lutheran version of the Protestantism urge?state control of chuech13
565514373Why did some ordinary people shift their allegiance to Luther?landlords, renounced readings, work in world14
565514374What was the church established by Henry VIII in England?Anglican church15
565514375Identify Jean CalvinFrench theologian16
565514376Identify predestinationGod's prior determination of those who would be saved17
565514377Identify Catholic Reformationmajor church concil18
565514378Identify Jesuitsnew religious order19
565514379What was the edict of Nantes?granting of tolerance to Protestants20
565514380What were some results of the Thirty Years' War?German Protestants allies with Lutheran Sweeden21
565514381What was the cause of the English civil War?battles between the claims of parliament22
565514382The religious wars led to a grudging acceptance to the idea of ________pluralism23
565514383What spurred greater commercialization?price of infalmation24
565514384New World _____ and _______ forced prices up and product demand surpassed availabilitwealth; inflation25
565514385Why did it make sense to take loans for new investments?a sum borrowed one year would be worth less, in real terms, 5 years later26
565514386What were some examples of manufacturing specializations?wool, wine, cheese27
565514387One historian has estimated that about by 1600 the average Western peasant or _____ owned ______ as many "things" as his or her counterpart in _______ Europeartisan; 5 times; southeast28
565514388Identify proletariatpeople without access to wealth-producing property29
565514389Identify witchcraft persecutionpeasants often accused of being witches30
565514390Identify scientific revolutionchanged popular outlooks31
565514391Identify Copernicuspolish monk32
565514392Identify Johannes Kelperstudied planetary motion33
565514393Identify GalileoItalian astronomer34
565514394Identify William HarveyEnglish physican35
565514395Identify Rene Descartesestablished the importance of skeptical review36
565514396Identify Isaac Newtonpublished Principia Mathematica37
565514397What did Desim argue?there might be divinity its role was simply to set up natural laws of motion38
565514398What did John Locke believe?argued that people could learn everything they needed to know through their sense and reason39
565514399How was the western view of science different compared with that of other civilizations?The idea of general laws of nature40
565514400Who was King Louis XIV?King of France, built palace of Versailles41
565514401Define Merchantilismeconomic theory stating that governments should promote the internal economy to improve tax revenues42
565514402Most absolute monarchs saw a strong _______ as a key political goal, and many hoped for______ expansionmilitary; territorial43
565514403Why did Britain and the Netherlands stand apart from places like France or Prussia?emphasized the role of the central state44
565514404What was the Glorious Revolution?final political statement in 1688 and 168945
565514405What characteristics did both absolute and parliamentary monarchies believe?tension between government growth and some limits to authority46
565514406the many competing nation-states kept the West politically _________ and often at _____divided; war47
565514407Who was Fredric the Great?introduced great freedom48
565514408What was the Enlightenmentaftermath of scientific revolution49
565514409Who was Adam Smith and what did his economic theory advocate?Scottish philosopher; promote general economic advance50
565514410What is Denis Diderot best known for?editorial work on the Encyclopedie51
565514411What were some of the basic principals of the Enlightenment?Human beings are good, reason is the key to truth, and religions that rely on blind faith of refuse to tolerate diversity are wrong52
565514412Identify Mary WollstonecraftEnglish feminist thinker53
565514413How did attitudes towards children begin to shift during the Enlightenment?educational toys, interested in free movements, and respect good and innocence of children54
565514414How did agriculture change in the late 17th century?used three feild system55
565514415What was the flying shuffle and who invented this?John Kay; automatic crossing of threads on looms56

AP Literature "Lit Terms" Flashcards

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3680603009AllegoryA story, poem, or picture thay can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a mornal or political one0
3680603010AlliterationThe occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words1
3680603011AllusionAn expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference2
3680603012AmbiguityUncertainty or in exactness of meaning in language3
3680603013AnachronismA thing belonging or appropriate to a period other than that in which it exists, especially a thing that is conspicuously old-fashioned4
3680603014AnalogyA comparison between two things, typically on the basis of their structure and for the purpose of explanation or clarification5
3680603015ArêteThe aggregate of qualities or valor and virtue making up good characters. Constant striving for perfection but at the same time knowing it can not be reached6
3680603016AnaphoraThe use of a word referring to or replacing a word used earlier in a sentence, to avoid repetition7
3680603017AnastropheA figure of speech in which the syntactically correct order of subject, verb and object is changed8
3680603018AnthropomorphismThe attribution of human characteristics or behavior to a god, animal, or object9
3680603019AntithesisThe use of two contrasting meanings in close proximity to each other10
3680603020AphorismA short saying that is often true11
3680603021AporiaA speaker may seem to be in doubt or confusion on a question, so the speaker will ask a rhetorical question.12
3680603022ApostropheThe speaker detaches himself from reality and addresses an imaginary character or idea13
3680603023ArchetypeA typical character or situation that represents such universal patters of human nature14
3680603024AssonanceWhen words close together repeat the vowel sound but start with different consonants15
3680603025AsyndetonTo eliminate conjunctions between sentences get keep grammatical sense16
3680603026BalladA lyrical song/poem that praises a particular thing17
3680603027Blank verseUn-rhyming verse written in iambic pentameter18
3680603028CacophonyA mixture of harsh and Inharmonious sounds19
3680603029CantoOne of the principal divisions of an epic or narrative poem20
3680603030CaesuraA pause in a line of verse dictated by sense or natural speech rhythm rather than by metrics21
3680603031CircumlocutionA rhetorical device that can be defined as an ambiguous or pardoned way of explaining ideas or things22
3680603032Cogito ego lumI think, therefore I am23
3680603033ConflictA literary that involves a struggle between two opposing forxes24
3680603034ConnotationA certain negative or positive resonance that words carry. Implied meaning25
3680603035ConsonanceRepetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence or phrase26
3680603036DenotationLiteral or dictionary meanings of a word in contrast to its connotative meaning27
3680603037DactylA metrical foot, or a rest in a line in the order of accent/unaccent/unaccent28
3680603038DidacticAn idea that different forms of art and must convey info or instruments along with emotional meaning29
3680603039DenouementThe final outcome of the main dramatic complication in a literary work30
3680603040DigressionThe act of an instance of digressing (turning away from a point) in a discourse or other organized literary work31
3680603041Double entendreAmbiguity of meaning arising from language that lends itself to more than one interpretation32
3680603042DoppelgängerA ghostly counterpart of a living person; a double33
3680603043ElegyA poem or song expressing sorrow or lamentation, especially for the dead34
3680603044EkphrasticA form of writing, mostly poetry, wherein the author describes another work of art35
3680603045EnjambmentTo direct or impose by authoritative order or with urgent admonition36
3680603046EmulationAmbitious or envious rivalry37
3680603047EpigramA concise poem dealing pointedly and often satirically with a single thought or event and often ending with an ingenious turn of thought.38
3680603048EponymOne for whom or which something is or is believed to be named39
3680603049EpiphanyThe moment in a story when a character achieves realization or awareness40
3680603050EpistleA literary composition in the form of a letter41
3680603051EpithetDescribes a place, thing, or person in a way that makes their characteristics more prominent42
3680603052EtymologyRefers to the origin of derivation of a word.43
3680603053EuphemismRefers to polite, indirect expressions to replace harsher, unpleasant phrases44
3680603054EuphonyWords or phrases that are distinguished as having a loneliness in the sounds they create45
3680603055FableShort story that teaches a moral leason46
3680603056FlashbackInterruptions that writers do to insert past events in order to provide background47
3680603057FoilCharacter that shows qualities that are in contrast with the qualities of another character48
3680603058ForeshadowingTo include subtle hints of what may come in the future49
3680603059Free verseA poetic style that lacks regular meter or rhythm50
3680603060GrotesqueComically or repulsively ugly or distorted51
3680603061HamartiaA fatal flaw leading to the downfall of a tragic hero or heroine52
3680603062Heroic coupletA pair of rhyming iambic pentameters, used by 17th or 18th century poets53
3680603063HomilyA religious discourse that is intended primarily for spiritual edification rather than doctoral instruction54
3680603064HubrisA personality flaw of a character who enjoys a powerful position, which ends up becoming their demise55
3680603065HyperboleAn exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis56
3680603066Iamba metrical foot used in various types of poetry.57
3680603067ImageryFigurative language to represent object or ideas In a way that appeals to our physical senses58
3680603068Internal rhymeMetrical lines in which its middle words and end words rhyme with each other59
3680603069InvectiveDenotes speech or writing that attacks, insults, or denounces a person, topic, or institution. This negativity is typically employed in both poetry and prose to reiterate the significance of the emotions of the writer.60
3680603070Dramatic ironyAn important stylistic device that is commonly found in plays, movies, theaters, and sometimes in poetry61
3680603071Situational ironyA literary device that you can easily identify in literary works. It happens when the outcome is not what the audience expected62
3680603072JuxtapositionA literary technique in which two or more ideas, places, characters, and their actions are placed side by side In a narrative or a poem for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts63
3680603073LyricalSomething, a form of literature, that is typically accompanied by music.64
3680603074MalapropismA use of an incorrect word in place of a similar sounding word that results in a nonsensical and humorous expression65
3680603075MetaphorA figure of speech which makes an implicit, implied, or hidden comparison between two things or objects that are poles apart from each other but have some characteristics in common between them66
3680603076MetonymyA figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else with which it is closely related67
3680603077MotifAn object or idea that repeats itself throughout a literary work68
3680603078MoodA literary element that evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers69
3680603079NemesisA literary device that refers to a situation of poetic justice where the good characters are rewarded for their virtues and the evil characters are punished for their vices70
3680603080NeologismA newly coined word or phrase71
3680603081NovellaA short novel or a long story72
3680603082OnomatopoeiaA word which imitates the natural sounds of a thing73
3680603083OxymoronA figure of speech in which two opposite ideas are joined to create an effect74
3680603084ParableA short story which presents a short story with a moral lesson at the end75
3680603085ParodyAn imitation of a particular writer, artists, or a genre, exaggerating it deliberately to produce a comic effect76
3680603086ParadoxContrary to expectations, existing belief, or performed opinion77
3680603087PentameterA literary device that can be defined as a line or verse that has five strong metrical feet or beats78
3680603088PrimogenitureThe fact that children were meant to inherit all properly and others from their parents79
3680606699PersonificationA figure of speech in which a thing, an idea, or an animal is given human attributes80
3680607541Point of ViewThe angle of considering things, which shows us the opinion, or feelings of the individuals involved in a situation81
3680609649PolysyndetonA stylistic device in which several coordinating conjunctions are used in succession in order to achieve an artistic effect82
3680613102PortmanteauA literary device in which two or more words are joined together to coin a new word83
3680614407PrologueAn opening of a story that establishes the setting and gives background details84
3680616584ProsodyThe study of meter, intonation, and rhythm of a poetic work85
3680617896QuatrainA type of stanza, or a complete poem, consisting of four lines86
3680619723ReparteeA conversation or speech characterized by quick, witty comments or replies87
3680621011Roman a clefA novel in which real people or events appear with invented names88
3680622353Rhetorical QuestionA question that you ask without expecting an answer89
3680623363ReliabilityA quality of some fictional narratives whose word the reader can trust90
3680624475SyllogismA form of reasoning in which two statements are made and a conclusion is drawn from them91
3680625486SatireA literary work in which humans vice or folly is attacked through irony, derision, or wit.92
3680628628SettingAn environment or surrounding in which an event or story takes place.93
3680629662SimileA figure of language used to compare two things with 'like' or 'as'94
3680630807SonnetA poem with 14 lines, written in Iambic pentameter95
3680631527StanzaA division of four or more lines having fixed length, meter, or rhyming scheme.96
3680632655Stream of ConsciousnessA method of narration that describes in words the flow of thoughts in the minds of the characters97
3680635225SublimeEnglish Romantics began to view the sublime as referring to a 'realm of experience beyond the measure' that is beyond definition.98
3680637935SynecdocheA literary device in which a part of something represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part.99
3680639240SynesthesiaA technique adopted by writers to present ideas, characters, or places in such a manner that they appeal to more than one sense like hearing, seeing, smell, etc at a given time100
3680642108SyntaxA set of rules in a language101
3680643145Tabula RosaThe idea that humanist is born completely innocent, without any initial predispositions, attitudes, or beliefs.102
3680644350Terza RimaA rhyming verse stanza form that consists of an interlocking three-line rhyme scheme.103
3680645949TetrameterA line of four metrical feet104
3680648961TripletA rather rare stanza form in poetry and is basically three lines that rhyme105
3680649641ThemeA main idea or underlying meaning of a literary work that may be stated directly or indirectly.106
3680650757ToneAn attitude of a writer toward a subject or audience107
3680652916TragedyA kind of drama that presents a serious subject matter about human suffering and corresponding terrible events in a dignified manner.108
3680656039UnderstatementA figure of speech employed by writers or speakers to intentionally make a situation seem less important than it really is.109
3680657189VerisimilitudeLikeness to the truth i.e. resemblance of a fictions work to a real event even if it is a far-fetched one110
3680661027VersificationThe change from prose into metrical form111

World History AP Final Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
4500776465The Edict of Nantes allowed for which group to keep their religion and fortify their towns in France?French Protestants0
4506350024What is a good one word descriptor for the Renaissance?art, REVIVAL, literature, human1
4506357242What was a major reason the renaissance began in Italy?Geography: they were center states for commerce and trade. Also on Mediterranean with wealth, had bankers, less affected by the plague, urban2
4506371771Why did the renaissance start later in northern europe than in italy?rural, they were dealing with the plague and the hundred years war3
4506387111The artists of the renaissance focused on the...individual man, less religious4
4506390488The development of printing in Europe led to...the spread of new information and ideas like the renaissance5
4506394771Renaissance architecture vs. Middle agesResurgence of Greek and Roman Architecture vs. Gothic and Dark6
4506427254Why was Martin Luther dissatisfied with the church?He didnt believe that rituals and sacrifices and sacraments were the way to salvation.7
4506437436What did Luther believe in?Everyone should have access to religion, he translated the bible from latin into common languages8
4506442550What are these events related to? -hearing in Worms, Germany -Ninety five theses posted(1519) -sale of indulgences to build Saint Peter's Basilica (1515)Martin Luther's questioning of Roman Catholic Church practices, writing about it, and his trial9
4506452519What do these four factors have in common? -improved cartography -improved lines of longitude and latitude -caravel -astrolabeAdvances made during the Age of Exploration10
4508266186The transfer of disease was most rampant to the native people of?...The natives of the Americas such as the Aztecs and the Incas11
4508281242Advances made during the Age of Exploration?-astrolabe, caravel, magnetic compass, sextant, Mercator projection12
4508282966How did Europeans justify taking land from the Native americans?Manifest destiny(God given right to conquer), saw them as savages and that they were introducing them to civilization13
4508322240What are the "3Gs" motive for exploration?Gold Glory God14
4508326551How did the printing press impact globalization during European exploration of the New WorldSince ideas were spread so much easier, it made people all over to have access to the same information promoting unity15
4508345303Why was the encomienda system a failureEncomienda system: the rewarding of conquistadors with native labor groups that they would get tributes from and wopuld in turn educate and house them They heavily abused the natives and they died and also the Crown was worried that it gave the conquistadors too much power16
4508375499What did the Treaty of Tordesillas do?An imaginary line created by the Spanish Pope to create a boundary for Spain and Portugal land claims. Spain retained everything west of the line, Portugal forced to concentrate on Eastern holdings17
4508424836Explain the spanish conquest of the Aztecs through waterWith support from indigenous allies, Hernan cortes (believed to be a god) surrounded the city of Tenochtitlan and began fight towards taking the city, they disconnected the city from its water supply and causeways18
4508465940In Latin America during the early period of Spanish colonization, the death of large numbers of native people led to....labor shortages, so they began to import blacks from africa to do work; start of the slave trade19
4508472569What was an immediate result of the European Age of Explorationend of isolation, the increase of european influence on both North and South America20
4508607212What system developed as a result of the Commerical Revolution?began when new forms of business organization, such as the joint stock company, were used which led to an increase in global commerce MARKET ECONOMY OR CAPITALISM DEVELOPED21
4508619074What was a major result of the commercial revolutionexpansion of European influence overseas22
4508660371What idea is described by this passage? "God hath power to create or destroy, make or unmake, at his pleasure; to give life or send death; to judge... and to be judged by none...And the like power have kings...'the theory of divine right23
4508670470Following the glorious revolution, the English Bill of Rights affrimed the belief that ------- meaning no person could be held in prison without being charged with a crimeHABEAS CORPUS (trial by jury)24
4508695830Which leader imposed a beard tax on his nobles if their beards werent shaved?PETER THE GREAT25
4508706955"I promoted culture with my support of the arts. Unfortunately, I drained my countrys treasury by building my palace at Versailles and involving my country in costly wars"LOUIS XIV26
4508713983"I inherited the throne and imprisoned my foes without trial. I dissolved the Parliament because i didnt want to consult them when i increased taxes"England27
4508733874What type of government is most likely governed by all these speakers?(Absolute) Monarchy28
4508746001What sources of knowledge were most central to the Scientific Revolution?Sources dealing with mathematics and astronomy29
4508766981What was Copernicus' main proposal about the earth and sun?The our universe is heliocentric, earth rotates around the sun30
4508771140What idea by newton linked motion in heavens with motion on earth?the law of universal gravitation31
4508807199"All human beings are born free and equal with a right to life and liberty. It is the duty of government to protect the natural rights of their citizens"ENLIGHTENMENT BELIEF32
4508813419What was enlightenment thinker Baron de Montesquieu's idea about government powers?The idea of Separation of powers (different branches) and checks and balances33
4508864563"life liberty and the persuit of happiness" is based on whoJohn Locke34
4508868866What event had the greatest influence on the enlightenment ideas of natural law and reason?the desire for self government35
4508901630The writers and philosophers of the enlightenment believed that government decisions should be based on?laws of nature and reason, (people)36
4508909195How did Enlightenment philosophers interpret the divine right of kingsopposed it by saying that the power of the governor derives from the governed37
4508999703Describe the inequality among the French social classesEven though it was the smallest percent the first estate retained most of the wealth and property, middle class basically had no rights and largest tax burden38
4509010188A study of revolution would most likely lead to the conclusion that pre revolutionary governments..?fail to meet the economic and political needs of their people39
4509071041What is the most effective and famous way for colonies to protest british taxation?economic boycotts such as the Boston Tea Party40
4509079734What war caused the British Government to apply the Stamp Act to the colonies?FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR OR THE SEVEN YEARS WAR41
4509091310Why was the phrase "taxation without representation" so important to the revolutionary cause?They didnt think it was fair thsat they had no say in the matter and it provided their base for reason of independence42
4509120646What can you conclude about the American revolutionary war?Even though they had less troops, money, weaons, and leaders, they knew the land better43
4509126682French vs American RevolutionThe french were fighting a war within one territory while the American rev was overseas44
4509130182What were the causes of the French revolution?-debt from the seven years war and Versailles -ideas from the enlightenment that opposed absolute monarchy -taxes to second and third estate45
4509196581What contributed to Frances financial crisis?-debt from Louis XIV reign -debt from the Seven years war46
4509204210Who became the prominent figure of the french revolution and during the reign of terror?ROBESPIERRE47
4509210578During the reign of terror, Robespierre tried tocrush all opposition to the revolution48
4509218679how did the Napoleonic code reflect enlightenment principles?it guaranteed the equality of all citizens before the law49
4509234579One similarity in the actions of Simon Bolivar and Napoleon is that both leadersencouraged nationalism50
4509341616"A country is not merely a geographic territory..." quote what is the main idea of this quotenationalism51
4509408879According to karl marx history is the record ofstruggle between classes in society52
4509426854What condition is necessary to the process of industrialization in a societythe availability of investment capital53
4509446223before a nation can begin to industrialize, the nation must first developan adequate food production54
4509473593Which of the following became an important source of power for the industrial revolution?Steam power (using coal and water)55
4509475547What helped british farmers increase food production in the 1700s?improved farm machinery56
4509518686Why did Britain take the lead in the industrial revolution?-great natural resources like huge coal deposits -pop growth and large business class to invest -strong govt and economy57
4509526027What did industrialization in the textile industry result in?First place that the revolution took hold, establishment of factories58
4509556692Describe the working conditions of the industrial revolutionterrible conditions, long working hours, low wage59
4509559865What effect did urbanization have on the working class?less time spent w family because of work, bad living conditions60
4509570026What belief was part of strict laissez-faire economicsno government involvement in economics61
4509608023Socialists and communists believe ina society without whatseparate classes62
4509619061What was used as a justification for imperialismthe theory of social darwinism63
4509697305How did the Industrial Revolution encourage imperialism?Needed places to sell produced goods and more raw materials to fuel explosive economy64
4509701255Nationalism is most likely to develop in an area that hascommon customs, language, and history65
4510220254What are the FOUR MAIN CAUSES of WW1?-militarism -allies -imperialism -nationalism66
4510245080How is the Halt the Hun German soldier shown as?A brutal barbarian67
4510248559Why was the Balkan referred to as the "Powder Keg of Europe" prior to world war 1?nationalistic and imperialistic rivalries were increasing68
4510343652What can be supported by the telegram of Csar Nicholas to Wilheim from GermanyNicholas hopes that diplomacy can prevent war69
4510347866Why was it difficult to gain an advantage over the enemy in trench warfare?The machine gun made it nearly impossible for troops to advance70
4510360650What was Germany's all-out battle strategy in WW1 against Entente forces of France and Russia?Schlieffen Plan71
4510497190Americans werent able to remain neutral in WW1 mainly because...the warring powers interfered with the US's right to freedom on the seas72
4510507123Describe the relationship between the Russian Revolution and world war 1ww1 set up the conditions that paved the way to the rev73
4510518706During the russian rev of 1917, the slogan "peace bread and land" appealed to so many russian peasants because....ADDRESSED THE NEEDS AND CONCERNS OF THE PEASANTS74
4510537031What was the major impact of the Treaty of Versailles on GermanyAN INCREASE IN GERMANYS DESIRE TO REGAIN ITS POWER AND PRESTIGE75
4510560127Whose involvement changed the course and outcome of ww1?United States76
4510566645During world war one, many american women gained support for the suffrage movement byworking in wartime industries77
4510576277The harsh conditions imposed by the treaty of versailles helped lay the foundation for...?rise of fascism in Germany78
4510580712What was a major factor causing people to question their new failing governments and eventually cause the rise of dictators?the failing of their country's economy79
4510584763Fascism in Europe during the 1920s and 1930s can best be described as?form of totalitarianism that glorified the state above all80
4510590232Blind loyality, use of violence and terror, censorship, and extreme nationalism describefascism and totalitarianism81
4510602950What was one reason totalitarian dictators gained power in europe between WW1 AND WW2severe economic and social problems in Europe after WW182
4510607596In the 1930s, the United states attempted to avoid a repetition of the events leading up to US involvement in WW1 by:passing a series of neutrality laws83
4510614488What did Japans attack on Manchuria, Italys attack on ethiopia and Germanys blitzkrieg on poland have in commonthey were examples of military aggression84
4510628879sIMILARITY BETWEEN HITLER AND MUSSOLINIBoth of them glorified violence85
4510657308What is the next event to occur after the US trade embargo on scrap iron and oil exports to japanthe attack on pearl harbor86
4510671304What gave rise to Nazi power in Germany based on the chart?political and economic instability87
4510674274Describe Germany during the rise of WW2?Nazi party is in power and people want to regain their successful economy and not be under the treaty anymore88
4510692855What was a direct affect of the predjudice represented against Jews in Hiltler's mein kampfthe Jewish diaspora, Kristalnacht, the holocaust89
4510710168During world war 2, many women experienced a change of role in that theyWORKED IN JOBS FORMERLY HELD BY MEN90
4510720629In the period following WW2, the US established a long term military prescence in West Germany in an effort tostop communist expansion91
4510725375What is one reason the Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact?LIMIT THE THREAT OF INVASION FROM WESTERN EUROPE92
4510735855What did the expansion of communism into eastern europe result in?high tensions between dem and comm states93
4510742852What is the main idea of Winston churchills quote?The USSR has expanded its influence in eastern europe94
4510751618During the cold war era, both sides were reluctant to become involved in direct military warfare mainly because ofthe potential fro global nuclear destruction95
4510765775the blockade of berlin, operation of the berlin aircraft, organization of the warsaw pact, and construction of the berlin wall are all examples ofsituations that increased tensions between communist and democratic nations in europe96
4510771582What is the primary reason for US involvement in East Asia during the early 1950s?North Korean attempts to unify the peninsula opposed US policy of containment97

[AP World History] Chapter 29 Flashcards

Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic Ocean

Terms : Hide Images
6267568959Saint-Domingueisland now known as Haiti; good for sugar producing; residents (slaves) heard about equality and the other enlightenment ideas and asked France for the same rights as those people living in France but did not receive them--civil war breaks out and many Frenchmen die--gains independence from France--becomes Nation of Haiti0
6267568960Yorktown, VAsite of the last major battle of the revolution. US and French troops trapped Cornwallis in Yorktown and forced him to surrender.1
6267568961Versaillesa palace built in the 17th century for Louis XIV southwest of Paris near the city of Versailles2
6267568962Napoleon's EmpireThe empire ruled by Napoleon; composed of three parts: the French Empire (the inner core of the grand empire), the dependant states (under the rule of Napoleon's relatives) and allied states (those defeated by Napoleon)3
6267568963WaterlooThe site of Napoleon's defeat by British and Prussian armies in 1815, which ended his last bid for power4
6267568964Olympe de GougesFrench journalist who published the declaration of rights of women and the female citizens.5
6267568965John LockeThis English philosophe argued that all men were born with natural rights and that a government's purpose was to protect these rights ;believed all people have a right to life, liberty, and property6
6267568966VoltaireFrench writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment (1694-1778)7
6267568967Jean Jacques RousseauFrench philosopher and writer born in Switzerland; believed that the natural goodness of man was warped by society; ideas influenced the French Revolution (1712-1778)8
6267568968George Washingtonthe commander of the continental army, the first president of the US, and one of the members of the committee that drafted the US constitution, considered the founder of our nation.9
6267568969Louis XVI- King of France (1774-1792). In 1789 he summoned the Estates-General, but he did not grant the reforms that were demanded and revolution followed. Louis and his queen, Marie Antoinette, were executed in 1793.10
6267568970Marie Antoinettequeen of France (as wife of Louis XVI) who was unpopular her extravagance and opposition to reform contributed to the overthrow of the monarchy; she was guillotined along with her husband (1755-1793)11
6267568971Maximilien RobespierreYoung provincial lawyer who led the most radical phases of the French Revolution. His execution ended the Reign of Terror.12
6267568972Napoleon BonaparteOverthrew the French revolutionary government (The Directory) in 1799 and became emperor of France in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile.13
6267568973Toussaint LouvertureWas an important leader of the Haïtian Revolution and the first leader of a free Haiti; in a long struggle again the institution of slavery, he led the blacks to victory over the whites and free coloreds and secured native control over the colony in 1797, calling himself a dictator.14
6267568974Miguel de HidalgoMexican priest who established an independence movement among Indians and mestizos in 1810; after early victories he was captured and executed.15
6267568975Augustin de IturbideBecomes dictator of Mexico in 1821. In 1824, he is successfully overthrown by moderate Creoles and Mestizos, and Mexico gains independence as a Republic.16
6267568976Simon BolivarThe most important military leader in the struggle for independence in South America. Venezuelan statesman, he led military forces there and in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.17
6267568977Jose de San MartinSouth American general and statesman, born in Argentina: leader in winning independence for Argentina, Peru, and Chile; protector of Peru18
6267568978Edmund BurkeA conservative leader who was deeply troubled by the aroused spirit of reform. In 1790, he published Reforms on The Revolution in France, one of the greatest intellectual defenses of European conservatism. He defended inherited priveledges in general and those of the English monarchy and aristocracy. Glorified unrepresentitive Parliament and predicted reform would lead to much chaos/tyranny.19
6267568979John Stuart MillEnglish Philosopher, Benthamite, wrote "On Liberty", Essay that talked about problem of how to protect the rights of individuals and minorities in the emerging age of mass electoral paricipation. Advocated right of workers to organize, equality for women, and universal suffrage20
6267568980Olaudah Equianosold into slavery at age 11; after gaining freedom, he spoke out against slavery and published his autobiography; Antislavery activist21
6267568981William WilberforceBritish statesman and reformer; leader of abolitionist movement in English parliament that led to end of English slave trade in 1807.22
6267568982Giuseppe MazziniItalian nationalist whose writings spurred the movement for a unified and independent Italy (1805-1872)23
6267568983Alfred DreyfusFrench army officer of Jewish descent whose false imprisonment for treason in 1894 raised issues of anti-semitism that dominated French politics until his release in 1906 (1859-1935)24
6267568984Theodor HerzlGerman Jewish Politician who advocated the policy of Zionism and the creation of a nation state for all Jewish people.25
6267568985Klemens von MetternichThis was Austria's foreign minister who wanted a balance of power in an international equilibrium of political and military forces that would discourage aggression26
6267568986Giuseppe GaribaldiItalian patriot whose conquest of Sicily and Naples led to the formation of the Italian state (1807-1882)27
6267568987Otto von BismarckChancellor of Prussia from 1862 until 1871, when he became chancellor of Germany. A conservative nationalist, he led Prussia to victory against Austria (1866) and France (1870) and was responsible for the creation of the German Empire (714)28
6267568988Popular sovereigntypeople hold the final authority in all matters of government; rule by the people29
6267568989Social contractthe idea that an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will30
6267568990General WillThe will of the majority (the majority should always work for the common good)31
6267568991Seven Years Warfought between England and France, 1756-1763; known as the French and Indian War in the colonies, it started in 1754, over control of the Ohio River Valley and resulted in France's withdrawal from North America. It was the impetus for Parliament's taxing policy that led to the American Revolution.32
6267568992July 4th, 1776date the declaration of independence was signed33
6267568993Declaration of Independencethe document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain34
6267568994Peace of ParisThis ended the Seven Years War/French and Indian war between Britain and her allies and France and her allies. The result was the acquisition of all land east of the Mississippi plus Canada for Britain, and the removal of the French from mainland North America; Signed on September 3, 178335
6267568995July 14th, 1789This is the date that represents the symbolic start of the French Revolution; Parisians stormed the Bastille36
6267568996Constitution of USAAgreement that created a more unified national structure for the United States, providing independent executive and judicial authority, and incorporating a Bill of Rights; Supreme law of the land (USA)37
6267568997Ancien regimea political and social system that no longer governs (especially the system that existed in France before the French Revolution)38
6267568998Estates General Tennis Court Oath[Fill in]39
6267568999Declaration of Rights of Man and the CitizenThis was the new constitution that the National Assembly wrote that gave all citizens free expression of thoughts and opinions and guaranteed equality before the law40
6267569000BastilleThe political prison and armory stormed on July 14, 1789, by Partisian city workers alarmed by the king's concentration of troops at Versailles41
6267569001Guillotinea machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the French Revolution.42
6267569002JacobinsRadical republicans during the French Revolution. They were led by Maximilien Robespierre from 1793 to 1794.43
6267569003DirectoryA group of 5 men who were given control of France following the Reign of Terror44
6267569004Committee of Public SafetyThe leaders under Robespierre who organized the defenses of France, conducted foreign policy, and centralized authority during the period 1792-1795.45
6267569005ConcordatAgreement between Pope and Napoleon: Napoleon recognized Catholocism as the religion of the majority of France, Pope does not ask for any land back seized during the Revolution46
6267569006Civil CodeNapoleonic Code; this code preserved most of the gains of the revolution by recognizing the principle of the equality of all citizens before the law, and ect.47
6267569007Grand ArmyThe army that Napoleon assembled to invade Russia, and the largest army ever assembled in European history. Consisting of more than half a million men from all throughout the Napoleonic Empire, this army was used in an attempt to invade Russia.48
6267569008General WinterNickname for the harsh climate of Russia that has defeated the armies of both Napoleon and Hitler49
6267569009January 1st, 1804Haitian Independence Day50
6267569010Peninsularesin Spanish colonial society, colonists who were born in Spain; highest social class51
6267569011Creolesdescendents of Spanish-born BUT born in Latin America; resented inferior social, political, economic status52
6267569012Gran ColumbiaBolivar's plan to unite Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia and Columbia. They united in 1822 but broke part in 1830 because of geography(mountains separated them). He hope it would be a workable union for all Latin American states53
6267569013CaudillosMilitary dictator; gained control after independence movements54
6267569014Conservatisma political philosophy based on tradition and social stability, favoring obedience to political authority and organized religion.55
6267569015LiberalismA political or social philosophy advocating the freedom of the individual, parliamentary systems of government, nonviolent modification of political, social, or economic institutions to assure unrestricted development in all spheres of human endeavor, and governmental guarantees of individual rights and civil liberties.56
6267569016NationalismA strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country57
6267569017Declarations of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen[Fill in]58
6267569018Vindication of the Rights of WomanPublished in 1792 - outlining Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen and adding woman's rights too. Emphasized importance of the equality of education for women. But revolutionaries in France still dominated by men and only a very few of these (e.g. Condorcet) were supportive of women's desires for equal rights.59
6267569019ZionismA policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine.60
6267569020Congress of ViennaMeeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon; restore europe to prerevolution time61
6267569021Realpolitikrealistic politics based on the needs of the state62
6267569022Second Reichperiod in German history in which Bismarck formed a united Germany; after the Germans conquered the French palace of Versailles63

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