| 3599469923 | Where was the Islam & Spice Trade located? | At the important commercial city called Malacca |  | 0 |
| 3599470474 | What were the Spice Islands called? | Moluccas |  | 1 |
| 3599471621 | Why was Malacca valuable? | Important commercial city connected to China and Islamic worlds | | 2 |
| 3599478826 | Who was the kingdom(of the spice trade) important to? | to Islamic expansion in the region | | 3 |
| 3599483204 | What famous admiral lived the Ming Dynasty? | Admiral Zheng He |  | 4 |
| 3599484201 | What happened to Admiral Zheng He's voyages? | Cut off abruptly | | 5 |
| 3599490257 | Motives for early European Exploration? | 1. Monarchs had authority & resources to expanded/explore
2. Muslim merchants sold goods at outrageous prices (wanted spices, precious metals)
3. Motives: Gold, God, Glory (3 G's) |  | 6 |
| 3599498873 | What were advances of technology used during European Expansion? | 1. Astrolabe - 1532
2. Sextant
3. Mariner's Compass
4. Accurate maps
5. Knowledge of wind patterns |  | 7 |
| 3599502759 | Describe the technology of the Caravel? | 1. Large cargo area
2. Improved rudder to turn easily
3.Triangular sail (Lateen) to SAIL AGAINST THE WIND
4. Canons (recent European technology) |  | 8 |
| 3599513214 | Who were the principle navigators of PORTUGAL? | 1. Prince Henry the Navigator
2. Bartolomeu Dias
3. Vasco de Gama
4. Alfonso de Albuquerque | | 9 |
| 3599521823 | Describe Prince Henry the Navigator? | 1. In 1419 - Founds navigational school
2. Explored western coast of Africa (established trading posts) looking for gold
3. Brought slaves to Portugal to sell
4. Stone forts on the coast of Africa
5. 1419-1460 |  | 10 |
| 3599531032 | Describe Bartolomeu Dias's accomplishments | 1. Rounds Cape of Good Hope
2. Round Africa for the first time
3. 1487 - 1488 |  | 11 |
| 3599532034 | Describe Vasco de Gama's accomplishments | 1. Arrives in Calicut, India (1498)
2. Direct route to India (wanted to destroy Arab shipping and establish a monopoly on spice trade) |  | 12 |
| 3599536749 | Describe Alfonso De Albuquerque's accomplishments? | 1. Set up port facilities at GOA, which became headquarters for Portuguese operations in the region (in 1510)
2. Attacker Malacca (in 1511), killed local Arab populations, provided a way station on the route to Spice Islands | | 13 |
| 3599553363 | Describe Portugal's Expansion? | 1. Use of naval technology gave them advantage
2. Numerous trading posts, substantial profits, seized control of spice trade
3. Lacked power, population, and desire to colonize Asia | | 14 |
| 3599558019 | Describe Christopher Columbus's voyages? | 1. Thought to get to Asia by sailing west, not around Africa
2. Financed by Queen Isabella
3. Set sail August1492 and lands October 12, 1492
4. Believed he reached Asia
5. 4 Voyages total | | 15 |
| 3599564230 | Who was Ferdinand Magellan and what did he accomplish? | 1. Spanish explorer
2.1st known circumnavigation of the world
3. Dies in Philippines
4. Strait named after him (S. America)
5. 1519 - 1522 |  | 16 |
| 3599566015 | What was Treaty of Tordesillas and its significance? | 1. Divided the New World into two spheres of influence
2. Land west of the Line of Demarcation was reserved for Spanish, and land east of the line for the Portuguese | | 17 |
| 3599586131 | Who was Jacques Cartier? | 1. French (1534)
2. Looking for route to Pacific through North America (NW Passage)
3. Did NOT find one
4. Named the region CANADA |  | 18 |
| 3599592179 | Who was Sir Francis Drake? | 1. British
2. 2nd expedition to sail around the world
3. 1577-1580 | | 19 |
| 3599594370 | What does Mesoamerica consist of? | Mexico and Central America | | 20 |
| 3599594616 | Who were the Amerindians? | Indigenous peoples of the Americas | | 21 |
| 3599595825 | Describe the Mayan civilization | 1. Influenced by Olmec
2. Date: 300 CE - 800 CE
3. Yucatan Peninsula
4. Temples, pyramids
5. City-states
6. Agriculture
7. Calendars |  | 22 |
| 3599601430 | Describe the Aztec civilization | 1. Origins: Early 1100s
2. Capital: Tenochtitlan (Island)
3. Temples, causeways
4. Aqueduct (15th c)
5. Loose political organization, self-governing territories that paid tribute to Aztec ruler |  | 23 |
| 3599604061 | Describe the Inca civilization | 1. Origins: Late 14th c
2. Influenced by the Chavin
3. Centralized government
4. Road system, bridges
5. Quipu (writing) |  | 24 |
| 3599606669 | How were Conquistadors successful? | 1. Superior military technology
2. Help from Natives
3. Immunity to diseases like smallpox |  | 25 |
| 3599609625 | Who was the conquistador of the Aztec? | Hernan Cortes |  | 26 |
| 3599610587 | Describe the conquest of the Aztecs | 1. 1519 - 1521
2. 550 men
3. Seized Montezuma
4. Destroyed Aztec temples, leveled pyramids
5. Hernan Cortes | | 27 |
| 3599613390 | Who was the conquistador of the Inca? | Francisco Pizarro |  | 28 |
| 3599614898 | Describe the conquest of the Inca? | 1. 1530 -1535
2. 180 Men
3. Seized Atahualpa
4. Captured Cuzco. establish Spanish capital at Lima
5. Francisco Pizarro | | 29 |
| 3599616586 | What was the Columbian Exchange? | The transfer of peoples, animals, plants, and diseases between the New and the Old Worlds |  | 30 |
| 3599617444 | What did the Columbian Exchange result from? | From the European invasions of the 15th and early 16th centuries | | 31 |
| 3599619805 | What are other exchanges similar to the Columbian Exchange? | 1. The Islamic Exchange
2. The Mongol Exchange | | 32 |
| 3599621271 | How had the Columbian Exchange affect other exchanges. | 1. Intensified exchange where it was already happening
2. Columbian exchange inaugurated exchange where it did not previously happen | | 33 |
| 3599627939 | What were demographic changes of the Columbian Exchange? | 1. Disease
-1st and most significant
-Historians claim anywhere from 0 to 80 percent perished (from 22-50 million to 4.5 million)
-Inca: 9 million to 600,000
-SMALLPOX/MEASLES/TYPHUS/INFLUENZA
-UNEQUAL IN TERMS OF TRANSMISSION OF DISEASE | | 34 |
| 3599610564 | New World to Old World Exchanges: | 1. Tobacco
2. Corn
3. Potato
4. Avocado
5. Beans
6. Pumpkin |  | 35 |
| 3599635266 | Old World to New World Exchanges: | 1. Sugar Cane
2. Disease - Smallpox, influenza, typhus, measles, malaria, diphtheria, whooping cough
3. Livestock -cattle, sheep, pig, horse
4. Grains - Wheat, rice, barely, oats |  | 36 |
| 3599636791 | What were environmental changes that occurred during the Columbian Exchange? | PLANTS
1. Maize: to Old World (more food per acre than wheat
2. Potatoes:
-From Peru
-Spain, Ireland, Poland, Russia grow potatoes 1st
-Balanced nutrition
-Does not need to be harvested, stored |  | 37 |
| 3600253473 | Who grew potatoes first? | Spain, Ireland, Poland, Russia |  | 38 |
| 3600259946 | What were the three other environmental changes after Maize and Potatoes? And impact? | 1. Indigo - make dyes
2. Tobacco - psychological impact
3. Sugar Cane - staple of plantations, reasons for slavery |  | 39 |
| 3600265694 | Where did Sugar Cane come from? | 1. New World brought Sugar Cane to Old World when it became a staple crop
- Derived from Indonesia |  | 40 |
| 3600274584 | What were the environmental changes concerning animals from the Columbian Exchange? | ANIMALS
1. Horses ( by 1700, 50 million wild horses in S. America, N. Mexico, SW USA)
2. Great Plains Native Americans captured and used horses
3. Bison hunting from horseback |  | 41 |
| 3600278800 | What is the Conquest and Colonization Cycle? | 1. Explorers
2. Conquistadores
3. Missionaries
4. Permanent Settlers
5. Official European Colony |  | 42 |
| 3600285801 | Who were VICEROYS? and describe. | King's representative in the New World
-Operated fairly independently |  | 43 |
| 3600288567 | What were AUDIENCIAS? | Special courts to review the Viceroys' decisions |  | 44 |
| 3600297470 | Where were governments set up during colonial administration in South America? | In urban areas, large bureaucracies |  | 45 |
| 3600299695 | What was the goal of colonial administration in South America? | Gold, God, Glory |  | 46 |
| 3600303504 | Why did Jesuits arrive during colonial administration in South America? | To promote Catholic Reformation |  | 47 |
| 3600306283 | What did Franciscans do? | Take care of the poor |  | 48 |
| 3600316017 | Was setting up missions a goal during colonial administration during South America? | Yes | | 49 |
| 3600317283 | What had living in the countryside done to priests/Jesuits? | Began to feel sympathetic to Amerindians, eventually protested Spanish exploitation | | 50 |
| 3600321425 | Where was the Spanish's major source for SILVER? | Peru and Mexico |  | 51 |
| 3600326271 | What was the Encomienda System? | Gave encomenderos right to force natives to work in their mines or fields. In return, Spanish look after well being of workers (conversion) |  | 52 |
| 3600331050 | Who were ENCOMENDEROS? | Spanish settlers | | 53 |
| 3600333137 | When had the Encomienda System been placed in South America? | Before colonial administrative system had be developed |  | 54 |
| 3600337622 | What had the Spanish settlers claimed about the encomienda system? | Would benefit both settlers and Indians | | 55 |
| 3600340018 | What was the PLAN of the encomienda system? | 1. Spanish settlers protect, car for, and Christianize Indians
2. Indians work a portion of their time for Spanish settlers | | 56 |
| 3600341765 | What was the REALITY of the Encomienda System? | 1. Spanish settlers force long labor, don't pay Indian workers, fail to protect Indians, and seize Indian lands
2. Indians die from disease and harsh living and working conditions | | 57 |
| 3600345217 | When does the Encomienda System end? | After clergy protests and Indians revolt | | 58 |
| 3600348200 | How do abuses from the Spanish settlers continue against Indians after the Encomienda System ends? | Under replacement Repartimiento (a colonial forced labor system imposed upon the indigenous population of Spanish America- in replacement of the encomienda system) | | 59 |
| 3600356661 | Who was Father Bartolome de Las Casas? and his significance? | 1.
-Convinced Spanish King to pass new laws in 1542, that Natives are to be considered free
-no free labor could be demanded | | 60 |
| 3600359102 | How had the New Laws of 1542 resulted from? And then what happened to these laws? | From a civil war in Peru
- Spanish king had to water-down laws by 1552 | | 61 |
| 3600366999 | What was the purpose of the New Laws of 1542? | Wanted to weaken the New World elite | | 62 |
| 3600519944 | Who did the encomienda system respond to? | The crown, Not hereditary | | 63 |
| 3600523835 | Due to what caused too few workers to functions on colonial plantations in South America? | Disease and mines |  | 64 |
| 3600527383 | What were HACIENDAS? Describe them. What did they replace? | Large landed estates, with workers who earned wages for certain number of weeks of work
1. Replaced plantations | | 65 |
| 3600533714 | What is a REPARTIMIENTO? | Where a certain percentage of local population could be subject to labor in mines or in fields if such labor could provide country with essential food/goods | | 66 |
| 3600567677 | Describe the Colonial Class System and the positions. | 1. Peninsulares - born in Spain and Christian
2. Creoles - Spanish born in New World
3/4.Mestizos - One Spanish parent and One Indigenous parent
3/4.Mulattos - One African parent and One Spanish parent
5. Native Indians & Black Slaves |  | 67 |
| 3600577055 | What does the term CASTAS mean? and provide example | "Middle level status"
1. An Iberian word meaning "lineage", "breed", or "race"
2. Derived from the older Latin word "castus", "chaste", implying that the lineage has been kept pure
. Mestizos and Mulattos | | 68 |
| 3600585823 | When do Casta Paintings dat to? | 18th century colonial Mexico |  | 69 |
| 3600588531 | When was the value of Gold and Silver at its highest? | 1596 - 1600 |  | 70 |
| 3600591833 | What is another name for the Great Circuit of the Atlantic? | The Triangular Trade | | 71 |
| 3600593134 | Describe the Great Circuit of the Atlantic | 1. Sugar, tobacco, and cotton to Europe
2. Textiles, rum, and manufactured goods to Africa
3. Slaves to the Americas |  | 72 |
| 3600599150 | Where had the slaves from Africa, during the Trans - Atlantic Slave Trade, been sent mostly to? | The Caribbean and Brazil |  | 73 |
| 3600602866 | Did the Slave Trade exist in Africa before the coming of the Europeans? | Yes | | 74 |
| 3600607274 | With whom did the Portuguese replace European slaves with? | Africans |  | 75 |
| 3600611744 | Why had the African slaves been brought to the New World? | Sugar cane and for Sugar plantations | | 76 |
| 3600613285 | When was the FIRST boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish? | 1518 | | 77 |
| 3600614698 | How many other enslaved Africans were exported to other countries. | 275,000 | | 78 |
| 3600616865 | How many African slaves were shipped to the Americas, between the 16th and 19th centuries? | 11 million slaves | | 79 |
| 3600618892 | What is the name of the part of the Triangular Trade where African slaves were sent on to the New World? | The Middle Passage |  | 80 |
| 3600625967 | What was the position slaves were put in below deck? | "Coffin Position" |  | 81 |
| 3600629235 | WHAT WERE THE IMPACTS OF EUROPEAN EXPLORATION? | 1. Native populations ravaged by disease
2. Influx of gold, and especially silver, into Europe created an inflationary economic climate -"Price Revolution"
3. New products introduced across the continents - "Columbian Exchange"
4. Deepened colonial rivalries | | 82 |
| 3600641886 | What was the "Price Revolution"? | Influx of gold, and especially silver, into Europe creating an inflationary economic climate |  | 83 |
| 3600646370 | What were the key colonies of England exploration and when? | 1. Roanoke (1585)
2. Jamestown (1607) - Tobacco
3. Plymouth (1630) - Pilgrims (Separate from Church of England)
4. Massachusetts (1630) - Puritans seeking religious freedom (purify the Church) | | 84 |
| 3600650696 | What is a Joint Stock Company? and an example | Organization created to pool the resources of many merchants, thereby distributing the costs and risks of colonization and reducing the danger for individual investors
1. Jamestown (1607) |  | 85 |
| 3600658097 | What part of English society were most Colonists from | Middle-class |  | 86 |
| 3600680113 | Describe different roles/jobs colonists had. | Farmers, artisans, indentured servants | | 87 |
| 3600682524 | Who were indentured servants? | | | 88 |
| 3600684303 | Describe the type of governments in the New World under England control. | Local and independent |  | 89 |
| 3600686140 | Describe relationship between English and indigenous | Initially friendly, however go worse |  | 90 |
| 3600690463 | Describe King Philip's War? | 1. 1675 - 1676
2. Started by Metacom who attacked colonial villages in Massachusetts
3. Colonists win after 1 year of fighting | | 91 |
| 3600709933 | How were both British and Spanish Settlement the SAME? | Women did not escape class/social restrictions, conflict with the indigenous, slavery in the agricultural southern colonies, established for profit | | 92 |
| 3600719102 | How were the British and Spanish settlers differ in their Staple Crops? | 1. Tobacco was a leading export = for the British
2. Silver, followed by Sugarcane = for the Spanish | | 93 |
| 3600723189 | Compare the BUREAUCRACIES of the British and Spanish | 1. British: No elaborate bureaucracy, instead they had representative assemblies, taxed themselves -"Salutary neglect"
2. Spanish: Elaborate bureaucracy, viceroys, no representative government | | 94 |
| 3600746859 | Compare Religious Interests in the New World between the British and Spanish | 1. British: Protestant England not concerned about spreading religion
2. Spanish: sent Missionaries, missions | | 95 |
| 3600753055 | Compare the Population between British and Spanish | 1. British: Large population, limited intermarriage
2. Spanish: Slower population growth, multiracial society | | 96 |
| 3600818209 | Compare the Purpose of British and Spanish settlers | 1. British: Puritans, Quakers sought to escape old European society
2. Spanish: Settlers sought to recreate Spanish Society | | 97 |
| 3600843731 | Compare the issues of Rule over the New World Settlements between the British and Spanish | 1. British: conflict between Catholics and Protestants, rise of a merchant class, emergence of Parliament to check king's power
2. Spanish: Catholic, authoritarian | | 98 |
| 3600850403 | Where had the Dutch explored in the New World? And who explored for the Dutch? | 1. New York
2. Explored by Henry Hudson in 1609 | | 99 |
| 3600855003 | What were the names of the Dutch colonies? And who they governed by? | 1. Colony became "New Netherlands"
-Governed from New Amsterdam | | 100 |
| 3600864699 | How were the colonists attracted to the Dutch colony? | Slow to attract | | 101 |
| 3600865584 | Describe the Dutch colony | Ethically and Religiously diverse | | 102 |
| 3600866993 | When had the Dutch colony been captured? | In 1664 | | 103 |
| 3600869022 | Describe the East India Companies | Joint stock companies are given the power to make war, govern conquered people, monopolize trade |  | 104 |
| 3600874743 | Who seized Malacca, Indonesia after Portugal had seized it from the Muslims? | The Dutch |  | 105 |
| 3600910163 | Where had the British established trading settlements? | At Calcutta, Bombay, Madras |  | 106 |
| 3600932679 | What was the first French colony and when was it colonized? | 1. Samuel de Champlain
2. Founded in 1608
3. Island founded by Cartier | | 107 |
| 3600950498 | What waterways did France follow to further explore North America? | 1. St. Lawrence
2. Great Lakes
3. Mississippi | | 108 |
| 3600962177 | Where else did France have territory, not discussing upper North America? And what became France's staple crops there? | 1. Territory in Caribbean
2. Tobacco and Sugar | | 109 |
| 3600966333 | Who did France have conflict with? | The British |  | 110 |
| 3600968493 | What occurred in the Seven Years' War and how long did it last? | 1. 1756 -1763
2. France lost Canada
3.England in control of East coast |  | 111 |
| 3600983830 | Compare the French and Spanish's relations with Natives | 1. France: Respectful relations with Natives, forged alliances with Native Americans who sided with French in Seven Years' War
2. Spanish: Viewed indigenous as savage, needing to be Christianized and controlled |  | 112 |
| 3600990461 | Compare France and Spain's Trade/Staple crops | 1. Fur trade was most lucrative (produce great deal of profit)
2. Silver, followed by Sugarcane |  | 113 |
| 3601002240 | How had both France and Spain settlement been similar? | Slow population growth, no elaborate bureaucracy, both were subject to crown, home countries were Catholic and authoritarian, had colonies in the Caribbean which relied on slavery |  | 114 |
| 3601012859 | Who were Privateers? | Acted on behalf of the government, attacked merchant ships sank/robbed them | | 115 |
| 3601015987 | Describe Pirates | Not licensed by any government
-Blackbeard |  | 116 |
