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AP Literature Flashcards

2250861620	allocation	allowance, portion, share	0
2250861637	ascetic	Abstinent or austere in lifestyle; a person who leads an austere and simple life without material pleasures, esp. someone who does this for religious reasons	1
2250863233	beguile	To deceive; to charm; to enchant	2
2250864229	crass	(adj.) coarse, unfeeling; stupid	3
2250864230	defray	(v.) to pay for	4
2250866379	dint	Force; power	5
2250866380	enjoin	(v.) to direct or order; to prescribe a course of action in an authoritative way; to prohibit	6
2250867885	envoy	(n.) a representative or messenger (as of a government)	7
2250868920	interloper	(n.) one who moves in where he or she is not wanted or has no right to be, an intruder	8
2250868938	vicarious	(adj.) performed, suffered, or otherwise experienced by one person in place of another	9
2250870913	admonish	(v.) to caution or advise against something; to scold mildly; to remind of a duty	10
2250870914	akimbo	(adj.) - with hands on hips and elbows extending outward	11
2250873372	lassitude	(n.) weariness of body or mind, lack of energy	12
2250876611	licentious	(adj.) displaying a lack of moral or legal restraints	13
2250877358	muse	(v.) to think about in a dreamy way, ponder	14
2250877359	pecuniary	(adj.) consisting of or measured in money; of or related to money	15
2250879189	plight	(n.) a sorry condition or state; (v.) to pledge, promise solemnly	16
2250879190	presumptuous	(adj) too bold or forward; going beyond that which is proper	17
2250880353	subversive	(adj.) intended to undermine or overthrow; (n.) one who advocates or attempts to undermine a political system	18
2250880354	vacuous	empty, void; lacking intelligence, purposeless	19

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AP Language terms Quiz #2 Flashcards

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5101493056	dicto simpliciter	a truth might be good for only part of the audience, but you present it as if it's good for everyone (starts with truth good for some, but not all, then applied to all)	0
5101497939	post hoc	the assumption that just because one event followed another, the first event caused the second	1
5101497940	poisoning the well	Attacking the person and not the argument	2
5101503216	contradictory premises	the premises of an argument contradict each other, so there can be no argument	3
5101503217	ad misericordiam	an appeal for sympathy	4
5101507194	false analogy	An argument using an inappropriate metaphor. To help understand one thing in an argument we compare it to something else that is not at all relevant. The earth is like a watch and, just as a fine watch was made, so also the earth was made.	5
5101509781	hypothesis contrary to fact	Occurs when a person states something that isn't true or that might have happened, then draws a conclusion from those hypothetical premises.	6
5101512170	sweeping generalization	make an oversimplified statement about a group based on limited info	7
5101514460	hasty generalization	a fallacy in which a speaker jumps to a general conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence	8
5101517729	faulty analogy	fallacy that occurs when an analogy compares two things that are not comparable	9

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AP Language Figurative Language Flashcards

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4439223409	Diction	Word choice	0
4439223410	Syntax	The ordering of words in a sentence, describing sentence structure. Can enhance author's meaning, tone, or point of view.	1
4439223411	Style	The manner of expression	2
4439223412	Tone	Attitude, mood, or sentiments revealed by the style.	3
4439223413	Point of view	Stance revealed by the style and the tone of the writing.	4
4439223414	Logos	Appeal to reason and logic.	5
4439223415	Ethos	An appeal to the speaker's credibility.	6
4439223416	Pathos	Appeal to emotions, values, or desires of the audience.	7
4439223417	Imagery	Used to convey a sensory perception.	8
4439223418	Hyperbole	An overstatement or exaggeration.	9
4439223419	Understatement	Presents facts in a way that makes them appear much less significant than they really are.	10
4439223420	Simile	Comparison between to unlike objects connected with like or as.	11
4439223421	Metaphor	A simile without a connecting term such as like or as.	12
4439223422	Extended Metaphor	A metaphor that lasts for longer than just one phrase of sentence.	13
4439223423	Symbol	A word that represents something other than itself.	14
4439223424	Denotation	A word's primary or literal significance.	15
4439223425	Connotation	Refers to the vast range of other meanings that a word suggests.	16
4439223426	Oxymoron	An apparent contradiction of terms.	17
4439223427	Paradox	An apparent contradiction of ideas or statements, an oxymoron on a larger scale.	18
4439223428	Personification	Inanimate objects or concepts are given human qualities.	19
4439223429	Rhetorical question	A question whose answer is obvious, do not need to be answered.	20
4439223430	Bombast	Language that is overly rhetorical.	21
4439223431	Metonymy	One term substituted for another term with which it is closely associated.	22
4439223432	Synecdoche	A form of metonymy that's restricted to cases where a part is used to signify the whole.	23
4439223433	Theme	General idea contained in a text. May be stated explicitly or only suggested.	24
4439223434	Aphorism	A concise statement of an opinion or a general truth.	25
4439223435	Malapropism	Unintentional use of a word that resembles the word intended but that has a very different meaning.	26
4439223436	Circumlocution	"Talking around a subject" or "Talking around a word"	27
4439223437	Euphemism	A word or words that are used to avoid an unpleasant or offensive term.	28
4439223438	Verbal Irony	Process of stating something but meaning the opposite of what is stated	29
4439223439	Situational Irony	Refers to a situation that is contrary to what was expected.	30
4439223440	Satire	Something that is portrayed in a way that deliberately distorted to achieve comic effect	31
4439223441	Alliteration	Repetition of phonetic sounds	32
4439223442	Allusion	Reference that recalls another work, another time, another person, etc.	33
4439223443	Analogy	A term that signifies a relational comparison of or similarity between two objects of ideas.	34
4439223444	Apostrophe	Prayer-like direct address to someone who is not present to a deity or muse, or to some other power.	35
4439223445	Deductive	Form of logical argumentation that uses claims or premises.	36
4439223446	Gerund	Verb ending in "int" that serves as a noun.	37
4439223447	Inductive	A form of logical argumentation that requires the use of examples.	38
4439223448	Juxtaposition	Making one idea more dramatic by placing it next to its opposite	39
4439223449	Parallelism	A pattern of language that creates a rhythm of repetition often combined with some other language of repition	40

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AP Literature Terms To Know Flashcards

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6248355369	allegory	hidden meaning typically moral or political	0
6248355370	alliteration	the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of words	1
6248355371	allusion	reference to an outside work (biblical, historical, mythological)	2
6248355372	analogy	comparison between two things, typically on the basis of their structure for explanation/clarification	3
6248355373	antagonist/protagonist	antagonist=adversary protagonist=leading character in literary work	4
6248355374	bildungsroman	a novel dealing with one person's formative years or spiritual education	5
6248355375	catharsis	the purging or purification of the emotions through the evocation of pity and fear, as in tragedy	6
6248355376	connotation	the associated or secondary meaning of a word in addition to its primary meaning	7
6248355377	denotation	literal meaning of the word "dictionary definition"	8
6248355378	diction	word choice	9
6248355379	didactic	intended to teach, particularly in having moral instruction as an ulterior motive	10
6248355380	double-entendre	a phrase that could have two meanings or that could be understood in two different ways	11
6248355381	figurative language	uses words or expressions wth a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation	12
6248355382	foil	character serves to bring out attributes of another character	13
6248355383	genre	category of literary composition	14
6248355384	historical narrative	takes place in the past, but is a made up story (based on real aspects of the past)	15
6248355385	hyperbole	exaggeration-rhetorical device	16
6248355386	idiom	phrase not taken literally...a group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words (e.g., rain cats and dogs, see the light )	17
6248355387	imagery	description that appeals to our five senses	18
6248355388	inference	a conclusion arrived at through logical processes	19
6248355389	irony	conveys a meaning that is opposite of its literal meaning	20
6248355390	metaphor	comparison using is	21
6248355391	metonymy	word or phrase that is used to stand in for another word (ex: suit for business executive, or the track for horse racing)	22
6248355392	mood	overall atmosphere created by the tone	23
6248355393	motif	a recurring element that has symbolic significance in a story	24
6248355394	novel	a long narrative (prose) which describes fictional characters and events	25
6248355395	novella	shorter than a novel	26
6248355396	nuance	a subtle degree of difference in meaning/feeling/tone	27
6248355397	onomatopoeia	mimics sound of the action it refers to	28
6248355398	oxymoron	two contradictory words put together in one phrase	29
6248355399	paradox	a statement that contradicts itself but can still be true	30
6248355400	parody	work that closely imitates for comic effect or ridicule	31
6248355401	pedantic	overly concerned with details/overly scholarly (word, phrase, or general tone)	32
6248355402	personification	giving human actions to non-living things	33
6248355403	point of view	perspective the story is told from	34
6248355404	prose	"ordinary writing"/paragraph form	35
6248355405	pun	play on words	36
6248355406	realism	portrays life in a faithful, accurate manner unclouded by false ideals	37
6248355407	repetition	repeating a word	38
6248355408	rhetorical devices	technique an author uses to convey a meaning with the goal of persuading them	39
6248355409	satire	vices, follies, etc. are held up to ridicule ideally with the intent of shaming	40
6248355410	simile	comparison using like or as	41
6248355411	style	the way an author writes (diction, syntax, figurative language)	42
6248355412	symbol	an object (or word) to represent an abstract idea	43
6248355413	syntax	sentence structure; how words and phrases are arranged	44
6248355414	tone	author's attitude toward the subject	45
6248355415	tragedy	main character is brought to ruin or suffers extreme sorrow due to their tragic flaw	46
6248355416	Romanticism	emphasized inspiration, subjectivity, and primacy of the individual	47
6248355417	Victorianism	novels were much more popular as literacy rates rose (a focus on the highly moralistic, straitlaced language and behavior of Victorian morality)	48
6248355418	Modernism	broke with classical and traditional forms of literature	49

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AP Literature Tone Words Flashcards

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6000224129	judgmental	authoritative and often having critical opinions	0
6000231259	jovial	happy	1
6000234024	lyrical	expressing a poet's inner feelings; emotional; full of images; song-like	2
6000244780	matter-of-fact	accepting of conditions; not fanciful or emotional	3
6000253705	mocking	treating with contempt or ridicule	4
6000255541	morose	gloomy, sullen, surly, despondent	5
6000261124	malicious	purposely hurtful	6
6000264273	objective	an unbiased view, able to leave personal judgments aside	7
6000271519	optimistic	hopeful, cheerful	8
6000274972	obsequious	polite and obedient in order to gain something	9
6000279339	patronizing	air of condescension	10
6000283332	pessimistic	seeing the worst side of things; no hope	11
6000286221	quizzical	odd, eccentric, amusing	12
6000290851	ribald	offensive in speech or gesture	13
6000312428	reverent	treating a subject with honor and respect	14
6000320178	ridiculing	slightly contemptuous banter; making fun of	15
6000329569	reflective	illustrating innermost thoughts and emotions	16
6000332961	sardonic	scornfully and bitterly sarcastic	17
6000341415	satiric	ridiculing to show weakness in order to make a point, teach	18
6000347396	sincere	without deceit or pretense; genuine	19
6000349684	solemn	deeply earnest, tending toward sad reflection	20
6000356581	sanguineous	optimistic, cheerful	21
6000361552	whimsical	odd, strange, fantastic; fun	22
6000364931	accusatory	charging of wrong doing	23
6000367462	apathetic	indifferent due to lack of energy or concern	24
6000367463	awe	solemn wonder	25
6000367464	bitter	exhibiting strong animosity as a result of pain or grief	26
6000369645	cynical	questions the basic sincerity and goodness of people	27
6000373335	condescension; condescending	a feeling of superiority	28
6000373336	callous	unfeeling, insensitive to feelings of others	29
6000374866	contemplative	studying, thinking, reflecting on an issue	30
6000374867	critical	finding fault	31
6000376566	choleric	hot-tempered, easily angered	32
6000390689	contemptuous	showing or feeling that something is worthless or lacks respect	33
6000395630	caustic	intense use of sarcasm; stinging, biting	34
6000395631	conventional	lacking spontaneity, originality, and individuality	35
6000402630	disdainful	scornful	36
6000402631	didactic	author attempts to educate or instruct the reader	37
6000404991	derisive	ridiculing, mocking	38
6000404992	earnest	intense, a sincere state of mind	39
6000406911	erudite	learned, polished, scholarly	40
6000406912	fanciful	using the imagination	41
6000408223	forthright	directly frank without hesitation	42
6000408224	gloomy	darkness, sadness, rejection	43
6000409609	haughty	proud and vain to the point of arrogance	44
6000417788	indignant	marked by anger aroused by injustice	45
6000417789	intimate	very familiar	46

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AP English Literature - Terms to Know Flashcards

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4380713361	allegory	an extended narrative in prose or verse in which characters, events, and settings represent abstract qualities and in which the writer intends a second meaning to be read beneath the surface story; the underlying meaning may be moral, religious, political, social, or satiric.	0
4380729909	alliteration	the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words that are close to one another	1
4380757974	anachronism	an event, object, custom, person, or thing that is out of order in time; some are unintentional, such as when an actor is performing Shakespeare forgets to take off his watch; others are deliberate to achieve a humorous or satiric effect	2
4380779492	analogy	a comparison of two similar but different things, usually to clarify an action or a relationship, such as comparing the work of a heart to that of a pump	3
4380786755	anecdote	a short, simple narrative or a principal or a truth	4
4380865734	aphorism	a short, often witty statement of a principle or a truth about life	5
4380872588	apostrophe	usually in poetry (not grammar, but sometimes in prose) the device of calling out to an imaginary, dead, or absent person, or to a place, thing, or personified abstraction either to begin a poem or to make a dramatic break in thought somewhere within the poem	6
4380896396	aside	a brief speech or comment that an actor makes to the audience, supposedly without being heard by the other actors on stage; often used for melodramatic or comedic effect	7
4380902171	assonance	the repetition of vowel sounds between different consonants, such a in neigh/fade	8
4380906147	ballad	a long narrative poem that presents a single dramatic episode which is often tragic or violent	9
4380914198	blank verse	poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter; a favorite form used by SHAKESPEARE	10
4380936122	cacophony	harsh, awkward, or dissonant sounds used deliberately in poetry and prose; the opposite of euphony	11
4380943310	catharsis	the emotional release that an audience member experiences as a result of watching a tragedy	12
4380946747	chorus	in Greek drama [Oedipus Rex], a group of characters who comments on the action taking place on the stage	13
4380958236	colloquialism	A word or phrase used everyday in plain and relaxed speech, but rarely found in formal writing	14
4380958237	conceit	an elaborate figure of speech in which two seemingly dissimilar things or situations are compared	15
4380961997	consonance	the repetition of identical consonant sounds before and after different vowel sounds, as in boost/best; can also be seen within several compound words, such as fulfill and ping-pong	16
4380975260	conundrum	a riddle whose answer is or involves a pun; may also be a paradox or difficult problem	17
4380978627	diction	word choice; also called syntax	18
4380983123	dissonance	the grating of sounds that are harsh or do not go together	19
4380985059	elegy	a formal poem focusing on death and mortality, usually beginning with the recent death of a particular person	20
4380989747	end rhyme	a rhyme that comes at the end of lines of poetry	21
4380992739	epic	a long narrative poem about a serious or profound subject in a dignified style; usually featuring heroic characters and deeds important to legends; examples are the Odyssey and the Iliad	22
4381005822	euphony	a succession of harmonious sounds used in poetry or prose; the opposite of cacophony	23
4381015740	farce	a light, dramatic composition characterized by broad satirical comedy and a highly improbable plot	24
4381019789	figurative language	language that contains figures of speech such as similes and metaphors in order to create associations that are imaginative rather than literal	25
4381030036	figures of speech	expressions such as similes, metaphors, and personifications that make imaginative, rather than literal, comparisons or associations	26
4381222572	foil	a character who, by contrast, highlights the characteristics of another character	27
4381228088	folklore	traditional stories, songs, dances, and customs that are preserved among a people	28
4381262121	hubris	the excessive pride or ambition that leads a tragic hero to disregard warnings of impending doom, eventually causing his or her downfall	29
4381347734	hyperbole	deliberate exaggeration in order to create humor or emphasis	30
4381358131	imagery	words or phrases that use a collection of images to appeal to one or more of the five senses in order to create a mental picture	31
4381361730	internal rhyme	a rhyme occurring within a line of poetry	32
4381367659	inversion	reversing the customary order of elements in a sentence, or phrase; use effectively in many cases, such as posing a question	33
4381379942	irony	a situation or statement in which the actual outcome or meaning is opposite to what was expected	34
4381383742	metaphor	a figure of speech in which one thing is referred to as another; for example, "my love is a fragile flower"	35
4381390301	meter	the repetition of a regular rhythmic unit in a line of poetry; meters found in poetry include: monometer, diameter, trimeter, tetrameter, pentameter, hexameter, heptameter	36
4381412905	metonymy	a figure of speech that uses the name of an object, person, or idea to represent something with which it is associated, such as using "the crown" to refer to a monarch	37
4381420735	mood	similar to tone, mood is the primary emotional attitude of a work	38
4381424639	narration	the telling of a story in fiction, nonfiction, poetry, or drama; one of the four modes of discourse	39
4381429220	onomatopoeia	the use of words that sound like what they mean, such as hiss and boom	40
4381447832	oxymoron	figure of speech composed of contradictory words or phrases, such as "wise fool"	41
4381450035	parable	a short tale that teaches a moral; similar to but shorter than an allegory	42
4381453440	paradox	statement that seems to contradict itself but that turns out to have a rational meaning	43
4381456668	parallelism	technique of arranging words, phrases, clauses, or large structures by placing them side to side and making them similar in form	44
4381461943	pastoral	a poem that idealizes rural life, or shepherds, or both; also called an idyll	45
4381664695	personification	the attribution of human qualities to a nonhuman or an inanimate object	46
4381680044	Petrarchan sonnet	one of the most important types of sonnets, composed of an octave with an "abba abba" rhyme scheme, and ending in a sestet with a "cde cde" rhyme scheme; also called an Italian sonnet	47
4381701864	point of view	the perspective from which a story is presented; common points of views include: first person narrator, stream of consciousness narrator, omniscient narrator, limited omniscient narrator, objective narrator	48
4381715597	refrain	a line or group of lines that are periodically repeated throughout a poem	49
4381719656	rhyme	a similarity of accented sounds between two words, such as sad/mad; rhymes can be masculine (the rhyme sound is the last syllable of a line) or feminine (the accented syllable is followed by an unaccented syllable)	50
4381736545	sarcasm	harsh, caustic personal remarks to or about someone; less subtle than irony	51
4381740743	simile	a figure of speech that uses "like", "as", or "as if" to make a direct comparison between two essentially different objects, actions, or qualities	52
4381757985	soliloquy	a speech spoken by a character alone on stage, giving the impression that the audience is listening to the character's thoughts (think Hamlet)	53
4381767367	sonnet	a fourteen-line lyric poem in iambic pentameter (think Shakespeare)	54
4381775131	speaker	the voice of a poem; an author may speak as himself or herself or as a fictitious character	55
4381780894	stanza	a group of lines in the formal pattern of a poem; types of stanzas that include: couplet, tercet, quantrain, cinquain, sestet, octave	56
4381797295	stereotype	a character who represents a trait that is usually attributed to a particular social or racial group and lacks individuality	57
4381806203	subjectivity	a personal presentation of events and characters, influenced by the author's feelings and opinions	58
4381811493	symbolism	the use of symbols, or anything that is meant to be taken both literally and as representative of a higher and more complex significance	59
4381817698	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent a whole	60
4381825627	theme	the central idea or "message" of a literary work	61
4381832389	tone	the characteristic emotion or attitude of an author toward the characters, subject, and audience	62
4381838479	tragic flaw	the one weakness that causes the downfall of the hero in a tragedy	63
4381843044	voice	the way a written work conveys an author's attitude	64

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Flashcards

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AP Literature Flashcards

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6703343244	allegory	story or poem that can be used to reveal a hidden meaning Could represent youth and age,prosperity and time of hardship, struggles of a person to live a Christian Life	0
6703343245	alliteration	beginning of same letter or sound in closely connected words	1
6703343246	allusion	indirect of passing reference Brave New World --> Shakespeare Ragtime --> topical (current events)	2
6703343247	anaphora	repetition in first part of a sentence , to have an artistic meaning	3
6703343248	antagonist	a hostile person who is opposed to another character	4
6703343249	apostrophe	figure of speech used to adresss an imaginary character	5
6703343250	approximate rhyme	words in rhyming pattern that sound alike	6
6703343251	aside	when a character's dialogue is spoken but not heard by other actors on the stage	7
6703343253	blank verse	poetry written in meter without an ending rhyme	8
6703343254	cacophony	blend of unharmonious sounds in poety	9
6703343255	caesura	pause in the middle of a line	10
6703343258	round character	character who has complex personality: contradicted person	11
6703343259	dynamic character	changes throughout the story, through major conflict	12
6703343260	static character	person who doesn't change throughout story keeps same personality	13
6703343261	characterization	process of revealing characters personality	14
6703343262	climax	point where conflict hits its highest point	15
6703343263	comedy	drama that is amusing or funny	16
6703343264	conflict	struggle between opposing forces	17
6703343265	connotation	secondary meaning to a word *	18
6703343266	consonance	repetition of same consonant in words close together " A flock or sick, black checkered"	19
6703343267	couplet	two rhyming lines in a verse *	20
6703343268	denotation	the literal meaning of a word	21
6703343269	denouement	final outcome of the story	22
6703343270	deus ex machina	resolution of a plot by chance or coincidence	23
6703343271	didactic writing	writing with a primary purpose to teach or preach	24
6703343272	direct presentation of character	author telling the reader how a character is and what actions it will do further in the story	25
6703343273	double rhyme	rhyme where the repeated vowel is in the second last syllable of words involved (ex; born scorn)	26
6703343274	dramatic exposition	prose commentaries, to provide background information about the characters and their world	27
6703343275	end rhyme	rhymes occurring at the end of line	28
6703343276	end stopped line	line ending in regular punctuation	29
6703343277	English sonnet	a sonnet rhyming ababcdcdededgg	30
6703343278	epiphany	when a character receives a spiritual insight into they life	31
6703343279	euphony	smooth choice and arrangement of sounds * when sounds harmoniously	32
6703343280	extended figure	A figure of speech sustained or developed through a considerable number of lines or through a whole poem.	33
6703343281	falling action	Events after the climax, leading to the resolution	34
6703343283	figurative language	Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.	35
6703343284	figure of speech	a way of saying something other than the ordinary way	36
6703343285	foot	basic unit in the scansion or measurement of verse , stressed and un stressed syllables	37
6703343286	form	external pattern or shape of a poem	38
6703343287	free verse	Poetry that does not have a regular meter or rhyme scheme	39
6703343288	hamartia	tragic flaw which causes a character's downfall	40
6703343289	imagery	Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)	41
6703343290	indirect presentation of character	the personality of a character is revealed by what he or she does or says	42
6703343291	internal rhyme	A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line	43
6703343292	irony	A contrast between expectation and reality *	44
6703343293	verbal irony	A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant	45
6703343294	dramatic irony	Irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play. --> Romeo Kills himself to go with Juliet but Juliet just takes a sleeping pill	46
6703343295	irony of situation	refers to an occurrence that is contrary to what is expected or intended	47
6703343296	italian sonnet	A sonnet consisting of an octave with the rhyme pattern abbaabba, followed by a sestet with the rhyme pattern cdecde or cdcdcd	48
6703343297	masculine rhyme	A rhyme ending on the final stressed syllable	49
6703343298	melodrama	a play based upon a dramatic plot and developed sensationally	50
6703343299	metaphor	A comparison without using like or as	51
6703343300	meter	A regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry	52
6703343301	metonymy	A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it	53
6703343302	motivation	A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior	54
6703343303	narrator	Person telling the story	55
6703343304	octave	8 line stanza	56
6703343307	oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase. * Calm frenzy,dark light	57
6703343308	paradox	A contradiction or dilemma	58
6703343309	paraphrase	A restatement of a text or passage in your own words.	59
6703343310	personification	A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes "Wisdom has built her house; she has set up its seven pillars. -Proverbs, 9:1." The abstract concept wisdom is personified by the use of the feminine pronouns.	60
6703343311	plot	Sequence of events in a story	61
6703343312	point of view	The perspective from which a story is told	62
6703343313	omniscient point of view	The point of view where the narrator knows everything about the characters and their problems - told in the 3rd person.	63
6703343314	third person limited point of view	narrator tells the story from only one character's pov	64
6703343315	first person point of view	a character in the story is actually telling the story himself/herself	65
6703343316	objective point of view	a narrator who is totally impersonal and objective tells the story, with no comment on any characters or events.	66
6703343317	protagonist	Main character	67
6703343318	quatrain	A four line stanza	68
6703343319	rhythm	A regularly recurring sequence of events or actions.	69
6703343320	rhyme scheme	A regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem	70
6703343321	rising action	Events leading up to the climax	71
6703343322	sarcasm	the use of irony to mock or convey contempt	72
6703343323	satire	A literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies. *exposes common human flaws and attempts to improve things by pointing out people's mistakes in the hope that once exposed such behavior will be less common	73
6703343324	scansion	Analysis of verse into metrical patterns	74
6703343325	sestet	6 line stanza	75
6703343326	setting	The context in time and place in which the action of a story occurs.	76
6703343327	simile	A comparison using "like" or "as"	77
6703343328	soliloquy	A long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage	78
6703343329	sonnet	14 line poem	79
6703343330	stanza	A group of lines in a poem	80
6703343331	stream of consciousness	private thoughts of a character without commentary	81
6703343332	syllabic verse	Verse measured by the number of syllables rather than the number of feet per line.	82
6703343333	symbol	A thing that represents or stands for something else	83
6703343334	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa	84
6703343335	synesthesia	describing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound")	85
6703343336	tercet	3 line stanza	86
6703343337	terza rima	a verse form with a rhyme scheme: aba bcb cdc, etc.	87
6703343338	theme	Central idea of a work of literature	88
6703343339	tone	Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character	89
6703343340	tragedy	A serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character	90
6703343341	truncation	Utilizing a melody with part of the end omitted.	91
6703343342	understandment	the deliberate representation of something as lesser in magnitude than it actually is; a deliberate under-emphasis	92
6703343343	verse	A single line of poetry writing arranged with a metrical rhythm, typically having a rhyme	93
6703343344	vilanelle	a nineteen-line poem with two rhymes throughout, consisting of five tercets and a quatrain, with the first and third lines of the opening tercet recurring alternately at the end of the other tercets and with both repeated at the close of the concluding quatrain.	94
6703347178	syllogism	similar to circular reasoning; Logical reasoning from inarguable premises; the conclusion is unarguable if the syllogism is structured correctly A+ B doesnt equal C Because Socrates is human, he is mortal.	95
6703367959	enthymeme	Logical reasoning with one premise left unstated; instead of having irrefutable general truth for major premise, it is an assumption, statement, or proposition that the writer presumes and the audience accepts. Because John is a man, he is strong.	96
6703371802	pathos	appeal to emotion, and is a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating an emotional response : : it says the pool is contaminated because of those kids that got sick and had to go to hospital for a few weeks.	97
6703377345	Logos	appeal to logic, and is a way of persuading an audience by reason. : it's the assertion that the pool is contaminated because there are five confirmed elevated concentrations of strychnine and seven mosquito nests.	98
6703379490	ethos	is an appeal to ethics, and it is a means of convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader. : it's saying that the pool is contaminated because I'm an expert on water quality and I should know.	99
6703403637	abstract	typically complex, discusses intagible qualities like good and evil, and seldom uses examples to support its points	100
6703409760	academic	an adj. describing style, this word means dry and theoretical writing ---> sucks all the life out of it	101
6703414797	accent	stressed portion of a word example: be and not, in " To be or not to be" "That is the question"	102
6703424119	aesthetic	adj meaning appealing to the senses, aesthetic judgement = phrase synonymous with artistic judgement noun = coherent sense of taste	103
6703478654	analogy	comparison; "just as" involve two or symbolic parts and are employed to clarify an action or relationship "Just as the ____ the ____ does this"	104
6703490118	anachronism	"misplaced time" - wearing a watch in a Shakespeare play	105
6703495647	anecdote	short narrative	106
6703501232	anthropomorphism	when inanimate objects, animals, or phenomena are given human characteristics, behavior, or motivation "the darkness waited for me, i could hear its patient breath" aims to make an animal or object behave and appear like they are human beings. NOT PERSONIFICATION	107
6704034463	anticlimax	occurs when an action produces far smaller results than one had been led to expect --> frequently comic --> "Sir I challenge you to a game of badminton"	108
6704044157	antihero	- protagonist who is markedly unheroic: morally weak, cowardly, dishonest --> Hamelt, Raskolnikov	109
6704074471	aphorism	a short and usually witty saying Classic? A book people praise and don't read	110
6704082368	archaism	old-fashioned language. to create a feeling of antiquity	111
6704087257	assonance	repeated us of vowel sounds "Old King Cole was a merry Old Sole"	112
6704095394	ballad	a long narrative poem usually in very regular meter and rhyme. Typically have a naive folksy quality , a characteristic that distinguishes it from epic poety	113
6704103455	bathos	effect of anticlimax created by an unintentional lapse in mood from the sublime to the trivial or ridiculous. it's the argument that apparently more kids got sick and/or died from swimming in that one pool than live in the county.	114
6704145952	black humor	--> disturbing themes in comedy --> comically debate over which should commit suicide first and whether branches of the tree will support their weight	115
6704167071	bombast	pretentious, exaggeratedly learned language	116
6704172878	cadence	--> the beat or rhythm of poetry in general sense --> example: iambic pentameter	117
6704207788	canto	the name for a section division in a long work of poetry, similar to the way chapters divide a novel	118
6704213730	caricature	exaggerate a facet of personality	119
6704263881	catharsis	refers to the "cleansing" of emotion an audience member experiences having lived through the experiences lived on stage	120
6704394580	coinage	people's names often become grist for coinage - neologism "Oh man you just pulled a major Wilson"	121
6704409578	colloquialism	phrase used in everday English that isn't a part of accepted English "now I've got this wicked headache"	122
6704550328	conceit, controlling image	* startling or unusual metaphor or one developed and expanded upon several lines * when the image dominates and shape the entire work= controlling image	123
6704558221	couplet	* a pair of lines that end in rhyme	124
6704596931	Decorum	* a character's speech must be stayed according to her social station and in accordance with the occasion * A victorian author will always write the same	125
6745918429	syntax	* author's choice of words * ordering and structuring of the words	126
6745924493	dirge	* a song for the dead Its tone is typically slow and heavy and melancholy	127
6745928872	dissonance	* the grating of incompatible	128
6745929667	doggerel	* crude, simplistic verse often in sing-song rhyme * limericks, Hickory Dickory Dock	129
6745941495	elegy	* a type of poem that meditates on death or mortality in a serious, thoughtful manner * lament, to the person, to a rest	130
6745951908	enjambment	* the continuation of a syntactic unit from one line or couplet of a poem to the next with no pause * It is a running on of a thought from one line to another without final punctuation. It is used in poetry to trick a reader. Poets lead their readers to think of an idea then, on the next line, give an idea that conflicts it.	131
6745966066	epic	* simply long narrative poem on a serious theme and in dignified style * deal with glorious or profound subject matters; a great war, a heroic journet	132
6745972979	epitaph	* lines the commemorate the dead at their burial place * line or handful of lines often serious or religious but sometimes witty and even irreverent	133
6745984127	euphemism	* a word or phrase that takes the place of a harsh, unpleasant, or impolite reality * the used of passed away for died and let go for fired are two examples of euphemism	134
6746001092	farce	* extremely broad humor * could mean funny play a comedy	135
6746019713	feminine rhyme	* final two syllables * a pair of lines ending with running and gunning would be example *	136
6751738395	foil	* a secondary character whose purpose is to highlight the characteristics of a main character, usually by contrast	137
6752047026	foot	basic rhythm unit of a line of poetry combination of two or three yllables either stressed or unstressed	138
6752051941	foreshadowing	* an event or statement that suggests a larger event that comes later	139
6752055250	free verse	poetry written without a regular rhyme scheme or metrical pattern	140
6752061460	GOTHIC	*mysterious gloomy, castles, weird screams, supernatural,	141
6752065517	hubris	* excessibe pride or ambition that leads to the main characters downfall *	142
6752073467	hyperbole	* exaggeration or deliberate overstatement	143
6752080122	implicit	to say or write something that suggest and implies but never says	144
6752083822	in media res	* in the midst of things, like starting a story at the middle of the story	145
6752088345	interior monologue	* a term for novels and poetry not dramatic literature * records the mental talking that goes on inside of a character's head like STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS but doesn't focus on the mental things	146
6752117157	inversion	* switching customary order of elements in a sentence or phrase * A pizza large I'll have, one with the fixins in all	147
6752131278	lampoon	* a satire	148
6752167313	lyric	used to describe a poem that is sweet, emotional, melodious	149
6752170271	Metaphor	* comparison or analogy that states one thing is another His eyes were burning coal	150
6752177382	SIMILE	uses like or as, softens the meaning	151
6752182027	metonym	* a word used to stand for something else that is has attributes of or is associated with	152
6752193869	onomatopoeia	* words that sounds like what they means : BOOM, SPLAT, BABBLE, GARGLE	153
6752201388	parable	fable or an allegory	154
6752239517	parallelism	* repeated syntactical similarities used for effect *This technique adds symmetry, effectiveness and balance to the written piece. Read more at http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-parallelism.html#Hs1YGHf1D0UWciMZ.99	155
6752250403	pastoral	* a poem set in tranquil nature, or even more specifically one about sheperds	156
6752257741	plaint	a poem on sorrow	157
6752262583	omniscient narrator	* third-person narrator who sees like God, into each character;s mind and understands all the action going on	158
6752272499	limited omniscient narrator	* third-person narator who generally reports only what one characters (usually the main character) sees, and who only reports the thoughts of the one character	159
6752281901	objective or camera-eye narrator	third-person narrator who only reports on what would be visible to the cameria * doesn't know what the characters think unless they mention it	160
6752289360	first person	* characters in the story tells the story * usually unreliable	161
6752314506	stream on consciousness	* the author places the reader inside of the character telling the story, the author places makes the reader privy to all of the character;s thoughts as they scroll through her consciousness	162
6752323114	refrain	a set of lines repeated several times over the course of the poem	163
6752358824	subjunctive mood	If I were you, I'd learn this once	164
6752438782	suspension of disbelief	* demand made of a theater audience to accept the limitations of staging and supply the details with imagination	165
6752458254	tragic flaw	* this is weakness of character in an otherwude good (or even great) individual that ultimately leads to his demine	166
6752472641	travesty	* a grotesque parody	167
6752477136	utopia	idealized lace	168
6752477137	zeugma	* the use of a word to modify two or more words but used for different meanings * He closed the door and his heart on his lost love	169
6752514797	bildungsroman	* novel structured as a series of events that take place s the hero travels in quest of a goal * like the Jame Joyce's Portrait of the artist struggles to find a place and purpose in life	170
6752531684	carpe diem	* pause seize the day; enjoy life while you can a common theme in literature	171
6752546829	classic	* objectivity, simplicity, and restraint	172
6752554887	Dionysian	pleasure seeking	173
6752560742	elliptical constrution	a sentence containing a deliberate omission of words. IN the sentence a word will be taken away	174
6752574554	expose	a piece of writing that reveals weaknesses, faults, frailities, or other shortcomings	175
6752599786	harangue	powerful sermon	176
6752649748	idyll	* a lyric poem or passage that describes a kind of ideal life or place	177
6752656193	litotes	* a form of understanding in which the negative of the contrar	178
6752677045	naturalism	used as synonymous for realism, bleak and pessimistic	179

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Figures of Speech- AP Language Flashcards

Figures of speech that should be known for AP Language. Digitally recreated from the Cliff's Notes AP Language Study Cards.

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2725627505	wit	Intellectual form of humor. Basically any kind of verbal cleverness.	0
2725634723	diacope	Repetition broken up by one or more intervening words.	1
2725635206	dysphemism	substitution of a more offensive word for one considered less offensive.	2
2725635637	figurative language	modification of literal language in order to achieve an intended effect. They are used to connote meaning.	3
2725636367	hypotaxis	arrangement of phrases or clauses in a dependant or subordinate relationship. Example: In the phrase "Healthy indigenous trees" indigenous modifies trees and healthy modifies indigenous trees.	4
2725638616	symploce	combining of anaphora and antistrophe: That is the repetition of both the beginning and ending of successive phrases or clauses. For example, Bill Clinton said "When there is talk of hatred, let us stand up and talk against it. When there is talk of violence, let us stand up and talk against it.	5
2725642642	synaesthesia	expressing one sensory sensation in terms of another; for example, using "red hot" describe something combines the senses of sight and touch.	6
2725644259	Apostrophe	direct address to an inanimate, missing or dead person or object. For example, the speaker of Donne's "Holy Sonnet 10" begins by talking to death: "Death be not proud."	7
2725645003	Aporia	showing or pretending to show doubt about an issue	8
2725645256	antistrophe	Also known as epistrophe, the repetition of the same word or clause at the end of successive phrases or clauses. For example, FDR stated "In 1931, ten years ago, Japan invaded Manchukuo- without warning. In 1935, Italy invaded Ethiopia - without warning. In 1938, Hitler occupied Austria - without warning."	9
2725647367	antanaclasis	Same word used in two different senses; it is a type of pun. Ben Franklin said "We must all hang together, or assuredly we will all hang separately."	10
2725648244	anastrophe	also known as hyperbaton, the rhetorical figure (or scheme) of reversing order to make a point. For example, "This is the sort of English up with which I will not put."	11
2725661406	anaphora	repetition of words, phrase and/or clauses at the beginning of successive lines or sentences. Charles Dickens used this in the first line of A Tale of Two Cities.	12
2725663923	anadiplosis	repetition of words from the end of one line or clause to begin the next line or clause. Condoleezza Rice's phrase "American's al-Qaida policy wasn't working because our Afghanistan policy wasn't working. And our Afghanistan policy wasn't working because our Pakistan policy wasn't working."	13
2725667013	oxymoron	pairing of two opposites to create a compressed, emphatic paradox. Many people consider the pairing of "government organization" and "postal service" to be examples of oxymora.	14
2725669562	implied metaphor	less direct metaphor in which the tenor is implied rather than explicitly stated. For example, "shut your trap" uses implied metaphor, in which the mouth of the listener is not mentioned.	15
2725670522	analogy	the use of something more familiar to explain something new and/or complex. The point of comparison is used to demonstrate the similarities between the two entities.	16
2725672132	allusion	indirect reference to something. Allusions typically refer to a literary text, a work of art, the Bible, history, events, or people.	17
2725672556	amplification	rhetorical figure involving the dramatic order of words that often emphasize some sort of progression or expansion. for example, "It's a bird; it's a plane; it's SUPERMAN!"	18
2725679152	alliteration	repetition of the initial sound. Traditionally, referred only to the initial consonant sounds, but modern critics tend to consider the repetition of initial vowel sounds as alliterative as well.	19
2725681273	accumulation	figure of speech in which a writer or speaker gathers scattered points and lists them together.	20
2725682314	assonance	repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds, often in stressed syllables, followed by different consonant sounds. the vowel sounds in "sweet dreams".	21
2725685976	consonance	repetition of consonant sounds, following different vowel sounds. For example, "Pitter-patter" and "stroke of luck".	22
2725687898	catachresis	an extreme, far-fetched or mixed metaphor. For example, "He stepped up to the plate and grabbed the bull by it's horns." It is also the substitution of an inexact word for the correct one. For example, the word "parricide" literally means the killing of one's father, but for lack of proper terms, it is also used to refer to killing of one's mother or brother.	23
2725694553	chiasmus	achieving contrast through reverse parallelism. For example: "They fall successive and successive rise."	24
2725722120	commoratio	repetition of a point several times in different words. "He's losing his mind; he's off his rocker; he's crazy as a loon."	25
2725723349	brachylogy	abbreviated expression or brevity of diction. The omission of the word "good" from the phrase "good morning, makes it just "morning".	26
2725724341	metonymy	specific type of metaphor replacing the name of something with something closely related to it. Using the term "sweat equity" to refer to manual labor - rather than money - used to add value to one's home, for example.	27
2725725800	meiosis	form of understatement usually achieved by referring to something in terms of less importance than it actually deserves. For example, Mercutio refers to his fatal wound as a "scratch."	28
2725726349	isocolon	succession of phrase of approximately equal length and corresponding structure. The phrase "no ifs, and or buts" i an example.	29
2725732121	hypophora	using rhetorical questions to disarm or discredit one's opponent in an adversarial manner. Sometimes the question is both asked and answered.	30
2725732947	ellipsis	One of three types of narrative anachronism. Refers to a narrative that contains a gap in its chronology. It is left to the reader's imagination to determine what happened during the missing portion of the narrative.	31
2725735812	synecdoche	a specific type of metaphor, the use of a part to represent the whole or vice versa. For example, "ten heads of cattle" refers to 10 complete animals not use ten heads. "The Law" can refer to a particular law officer, not the entire system of justice.	32
2725736792	rhetorical figures	also known as schemes, these are change in standard word order or patterns. Usually associated with syntax and are one of the two major divisions of figures of speech, the other being tropes. Major types are anaphora, antithesis, chiasmus, parallelism, syllepsis and zeugma.	33
2725738434	conceit	elaborate, extended metaphor or simile.	34
2725738720	malapropism	confused, usually comic, misuse of a word or words.	35
2725739775	paradox	a statement that initially seems contradictory and nonsensical but upon further examination, makes sense. Example: "We must fight for peace."	36
2725740237	irony	contrast between appearance and reality. Types include cosmic, dramatic, situational and verbal.	37
2725740585	situational irony	difference between what is expected to happen and what actually does happen. An example: being robbed by your accountant.	38
2725749083	verbal irony	contrast between what is said and what is intended. Typically, the writer or speaker means to opposite of what is said.	39
2725749631	dramatic irony	contrast between what the reader (or audience) knows and what a character knows.	40
2725750301	litotes	form of understatement, typically achieved by negating an affirmation.	41
2725750879	hyperbole	an over-exaggeration used to make a point. The sentence "I almost coughed up a lung" is an example.	42
2725752513	personification	the giving of human characteristics to something non human. For example, "love is blind" gives a feeling a human character characteristic. In contrast, the aquatic animals in Finding Nemo all behave as if they are human, which is demonstrative of anthropomorphism rather than personification.	43
2725753865	accismus	a form of irony, where one pretends to lack interest in something that is actually desired.	44
2725794464	simile	a figure of speech in which an explicit comparison is made between two things essentially unalike. The comparison is made by using the word "like," "as," or "than."	45
2725796376	metaphor	compares two objects referring to one thing as it if were another. For example: "Eric is a fish in the pool" rather than "Eric swims like a fish", which is a simile.	46
2725798636	onomatopoeia	the creation and use of words that sound like what they mean. In English, the words "bow-wow" and "quack" are examples as they sound like the noises that dogs and ducks make, respectively, and their definitions are the same.	47
2725799649	trope	along with schemes, are one of two major divisions of figures of speech. These twist or turn the meaning of a word. The principle ones are irony, metaphor, metonymy, personification, simile and synecdoche.	48
2725801021	figures of speech	literary devices used to connote meaning beyond the dictionary definition. They are divided into rhetorical figures (or schemes) and tropes.	49
2725802523	What does homeoteleuton refer to?	refers to a series of words with the same or similar endings. For example, the "ing" ending in Shakespeare's "My mother weeping, my father wailing, my sister crying, or maid howling, our cat writing her hands."	50
2725803966	antithesis	The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced phrases. For example, "Not that I loved Caesar less but that I loved Rome more."	51

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