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Emergency Care -- 13th edition -- Chapter 14 Flashcards

3904960517	Define medical patient	patient with one or more medical conditions	0
3904961719	Define trauma patient	patient with one or more physical injuries	1
3904965005	What are the three basic components of the secondary assessment?	1. physical examination 2. patient history 3. vital signs	2
3904968183	Define sign	something you can see	3
3904968933	Define symptom	something the patient tells you	4
3904980632	What is the secondary assessment?	where we find out what is wrong with the patient -- more detailed than the primary assessment	5
3904985437	What type of questions do you generally ask a stable patient?	open-ended	6
3904987787	What are open-ended questions?	a questions requiring more than just a "yes" or "no" answer	7
3904991407	What type of questions do you generally ask a potentially unstable patient?	closed-ended	8
3904992050	What are closed-ended questions?	a question only requiring a "yes" or "no" answer	9
3905030877	What aid is used to help remember the information you must obtain from the patient?	SAMPLE	10
3905032619	In SAMPLE, describe S.	signs and symptoms -- what is wrong with the patient	11
3905036041	In SAMPLE, describe A.	allergies -- what is the patient allergic to, any foods or medications, do they have a medic alert tag	12
3905038072	In SAMPLE, describe M.	medications -- what medications are they currently taking or supposed to be taking	13
3905040713	In SAMPLE, describe P.	pertinent past history -- have you been feeling ill, what medical problems have you been having, have you seen a doctor recently, what is the doctor's name	14
3905045992	In SAMPLE, describe L.	last oral intake -- when did you last eat or drink, what did you last eat or drink	15
3905048188	In SAMPLE, describe E.	events leading to the injury or illness -- what sequence of events led up to today's problem	16
3905054785	What memory aid is used to help define signs and symptoms the patient is experiencing?	OPQRST	17
3905058505	In OPQRST, decribe O	onset -- what were you doing when the pain began	18
3905059560	In OPQRST, describe P	provocation -- what triggers the pain, does anything make it feel better	19
3905062561	In OPQRST, describe Q	quality -- can you describe the pain for me	20
3905064932	In OPQRST, describe R	region, relief -- where is the pain, point to it, does it shoot or spread anywhere?	21
3905068006	In OPQRST, describe S	severity -- how bad is the pain, what number would you give it (1 being no pain and 10 being the worst pain)	22
3905071451	In OPQRST, describe T	time -- when did the pain start, has it changed since it started	23
3905078041	What three techniques do you use in your physical examination?	observe, auscultate, and palpate	24
3905123753	When is the secondary assessment performed?	after the scene size-up and primary assessment	25
3905138018	What can an altered mental status mean?	decreased oxygen delivery to the brain	26
3905139556	What is JVD	jugular vein distention -- bulging of the neck veins	27
3905141797	What does JVD indicate?	heart failure or other obstructive conditions within the chest	28
3905149743	What is the most common endocrine emergency?	a diabetic patient	29
3905162496	What is the normal reading for glucose level?	60-80 to 120-140	30
3905168084	What is the most common way to assess pain?	use the 1-10 number system (1 being no pain and 10 being the worst-ever pain)	31
3905172028	What 3 things must EMT's be a master of?	palpation, auscultation, and observation	32
3905179947	What is anaphylaxis?	severe allergic reaction	33
3905193390	define crepitation	the grating sound or feeling of broken bones rubbing together	34
3905212558	What does it mean in a major trauma patient, lying supine, and has no JVD?	major blood loss	35
3905216629	Where are the most common places to find medical alert jewelry?	wrist or ankle	36
3905221331	Define trauma	injury	37
3905232747	What is the purpose of the rapid trauma assessment?	a quickly performed physical exam on a high priority patient to detect injuries that may later threaten life or limb	38
3905245020	What should always suspect in unresponsive patients?	spinal injury	39
3905250074	Define stoma	a permanent surgical opening in the neck through which the patient breathes	40
3905254598	Define tracheostomy	a surgical incision held open by a metal or plastic tube	41
3905263802	Define paradoxical motion (movement)	the movement of a part of the chest in the opposite direction to the rest of the chest during respiration	42
3905268257	Which area of the abdomen should you palpate last?	the injured area	43
3905275114	Define priapism	a persistent erection of the penis that may result from spinal injury and some medical problems	44
3905284416	Distention of the abdomen is basically saying what?	the abdomen appears larger than normal due to being stretched or inflated	45
3905288282	What is a colostomy?	a surgical opening in the abdominal wall to collect waste	46
3905293984	What are you checking for when you check the abdomen?	wounds, tenderness, deformities, firmness, softness, redness, bruising, and distention (abnormally large abdomen)	47
3905308552	How does the secondary assessment for a child differ from that of an adult?	Children are often scared so they may need more reassurance and explanations of procedures. Might work in a toe-to-head direction instead of a head-to-toe	48
3905323549	What are some differences between a rapid trauma assessment and a detailed physical exam?	1. During the rapid trauma, the entire body was checked very quickly for life threatening injuries. The detailed physical is more precise and may reveal signs or symptoms that may have been missed or have changed 2. The environment has changed from on scene to the back of an ambulance 3. the treatment during rapid trauma may limit portions of the detailed physical (such as a c-collar)	49
3905885424	When do you perform a reassessment?	After you have finished performing life-saving interventions	50
3905897084	What do you elements do you reassess?	--primary assessment --vital signs --physical exam --any interventions	51
3905964877	In an unresponsive patient, how do you obtain information concerning the injury/illness?	Ask family members or bystanders, look at the environment around you	52
3905964878	Define contusion	bruise	53
3905991683	What type of lung sounds are you checking during patient assessment?	--presence/absence of lung sounds --wheezes --popping/crackling	54
3906018006	When should you perform a RAPID physical exam?	for an unresponsive patient	55
3906038948	What are four significant types of MOI's?	--falls --auto crash --auto vs. pedestrian --motorcycle crash	56
3906054963	What are some "hidden MOI's?"	--seat belts --air bags --steering wheel	57
3906071850	Define subcutaneous emphazima	occurs when air gets into tissues under the skin primarily in the chest wall due to a chest injury	58
3906100632	What is a detailed physical exam?	an assessment of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, extremities, and posterior of the body to detect signs and symptoms of injury	59
3906128147	Where do you perform a detailed physical exam on a responsive patient?	on the areas the patient tells you are hurt	60
3906164335	What should you do to a patient with a respiratory rate of less than 6?	positive pressure ventilations with 100% oxygen with a BVM (bag valve mask)	61

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Emergency Care -- 13th Edition -- Chapter 13 Flashcards

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3855313408	Tachycardia	rapid pulse -- anything above 100 beats a minute	0
3855314408	Bradycardia	slow pulse -- anything below 60 beats a minute	1
3855315695	Normal pulse rate for adult at rest	between 60-100 beats a minute	2
3855597144	systolic blood pressure	top number -- pressure created when the heart contracts and forces blood out into the arteries	3
3855598176	diastolic blood pressure	bottom number -- pressure remaining in the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart is relaxed and refilling	4
3855600319	What does mmHg stand for?	millimeters of mercury	5
3855601589	Define auscultation	listening -- when a stethoscope is used to listen for characteristic sounds	6
3855604423	palpate	to touch or feel	7
3855606610	The first measurements obtained on a patient	baseline vitals	8
3855626241	What are the baseline vitals?	pulse, respiration, skin color, temperature, condition, pupils, blood pressure	9
3855639413	What types of respiratory sounds mean that you need to suction the patients airway?	Gurgling	10
3855641234	What are the four types of respiratory quality?	1. normal 2. shallow 3. labored 4. noisy	11
3855643416	What is the characteristic of normal breathing?	chest or abdomen move an average depth with each breath and not using his accessory muscles	12
3855646066	What is the characteristic of shallow breathing?	only slight movement of the chest or abdomen.	13
3855659246	What is the characteristic of labored breathing?	patient has to work hard to move air in and out / use of accessory muscles, nasal flaring, gasping, grunting on expiration	14
3855663926	What is the characteristic of noisy breathing?	obstructed breathing / snoring, wheezing, gurgling, crowing -- needs to have his airway opened	15
3855665757	What set of vital signs are critical for EMT?	accurate	16
3855669418	What type of noisy breathing requires prompt transport?	crowing (noisy, harsh sound when breathing in)	17
3855672033	On an unconscious patient, what should you do if you are unable to find a radial pulse?	Go up the arm to a different pulse	18
3855678849	Define jaundice	yellowing of the skin	19
3855681706	What causes jaundice?	abnormalities of the liver	20
3855685291	What color is the skin if you are cyanotic?	blue-gray	21
3855685610	What causes the skin to be cyanotic?	lack of oxygen in blood cells and tissues from inadequate breathing or heart function	22
3855702326	What pulse should you check for a patient one year of age and older?	radial pulse	23
3855704879	What pulse should you check for a patient for an infant or up to one year of age?	brachial pulse	24
3855711200	What pulse should you check first in a conscious patient?	Radial (unless an infant)	25
3855712730	If you cannot find a radial or brachial pulse, what pulse should you check next?	carotid pulse	26
3855723341	Define dilate	pupils get larger	27
3855723629	Define constrict	pupils get smaller	28
3855726096	What three things do you check on pupils?	size, equality, and reactivity	29
3855734224	What appearance of pupils could be caused by a stroke?	unequal	30
3855737550	What appearance of pupils could be caused by drugs?	constricted	31
3855738408	What appearance of pupils could be caused by fright, blood loss, or drugs	dilated	32
3855743030	What is the proper placement of the blood pressure cuff?	snugly on the upper arm so that the bottom of the cuff is just above the elbow	33
3855746094	How often should you check vitals on a stable patient?	every 15 minutes	34
3855750775	How often should you check vitals on an unstable patient?	every 5 minutes	35
3855752529	When should vitals be taken?	in the secondary assessment	36
3855753565	What is hypothermic?	below normal temperature	37
3855753983	What is hyperthermic?	above normal temperature	38
3855755224	What temperature would a patient have if they were febrile?	over 100	39
3855757265	What is the oxygen saturation in a normal healthy person?	96-100	40
3855758647	What is indicated with an oxygen saturation of 91-95%?	mild hypoxia	41
3855761486	What is indicated with an oxygen saturation of 86-90%?	moderate hypoxia	42
3855763649	What is indicated with an oxygen saturation of 85% or less?	sever hypoxia	43
3855769893	Identify four ways in which the pulse oximeter readings can by inaccurate.	1. Patients are in shock 2. Patients are hypothermic (cold) 3. Patients have carbon monoxide or other types of poisoning. 4. Patient is wearing colored nail polish	44
3855774489	What are the normal levels of blood glucose?	no lower than 60 and no higher than 140	45
3855789356	What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult at rest?	12-20	46
3855803578	Define mottling	uncommon skin coloration -- a blotchy appearance that sometimes occurs in patients who are in shock	47
3855810557	What are the three ways to take a patients blood pressure?	1. by auscultation (using the stethoscope) 2. by palpation (using the radial pulse) 3. by blood pressure monitor	48
3855817919	Define hypertension	high blood pressure	49
3855823323	Define hypotension	low blood pressure	50
3855834666	To check a patient by using capillary refill, how quickly should their nail bed return to normal pink color?	no more than 2 seconds	51
3855846045	What are trending vital signs?	the use of more than one set of vitals signs to detect changes or trends in patient assessment	52

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Emergency Care -- 13th edition -- Chapter 12 Flashcards

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3904703873	What is primary assessment?	the first element in a patient assessment in which you focus exclusively on life threats.	0
3904707763	What are the 6 parts of the primary assessment?	1. form a general impression 2. assess the patient's mental status 3. assess the patient's airway 4. assess the patient's breathing 5. assess the patient's circulation 6. determine the patient's priority	1
3904717444	What is the purpose of the primary assessment?	to focus on potential life threats to your patient	2
3904725709	What is an intervention?	actions taken to correct or manage a patient's problems	3
3904728345	What is the general impression?	an impression of the patient's condition that is formed on the first approaching the patient based on the patient's environment, chief complaint, and appearance.	4
3904731709	On what three things do EMT's gain their general impression of a patient?	1. patient's environment 2. chief complaint 3. patient's appearance	5
3904734502	Define chief complaint	the reason EMS was called	6
3904743920	Define mental status	the patient's level of responsiveness	7
3904745437	What is the memory aid for classifying a patient's mental status?	AVPU	8
3904745961	What are the 4 levels of AVPU?	1. alert 2. verbal response 3. painful response 4. unresponsive	9
3904747351	Describe the "A" in AVPU.	alert -- patient is awake and will talk and answer questions	10
3904753403	Describe the "V" in AVPU.	verbal response -- patient will respond to talking or shouting	11
3904755129	Descrive the "P" in AVPU.	painful response -- patient will respond to a painful stimuli such as pinching a toe or squeezing the shoulder	12
3904756747	Describve the "U" in AVPU.	unresponsive -- patient will not respond with shouting or a painful stimulus	13
3904761967	ABC's stands for what?	airway, breathing, and circulation	14
3904766219	What two ways to open a patient's airway?	jaw-thrust / head-tilt, chin-lift	15
3904777780	If suspected c-spine injury or an unresponsive patient, what technique should NEVER be used open a patient's airway?	head-tilt, chin-lift	16
3904784739	Define clinical judgement	judgement based on experience in observing and treating patients	17
3904788825	How should a patient be treated if their level of responsiveness is lower than alert?	high-concentration oxygen by nonrebreather mask and consided the patient a high priority	18
3904797214	Define interventions	actions taken to correct or manage a patient's problems	19
3904830884	What three things do EMT's do to form a general impression?	look, listen, and smell	20
3904840320	What is suggested if the patient has pale and clammy skin?	shock	21
3904851241	What is one way to quickly assess a patients circulation?	capillary refill	22
3904854809	About how long should a nail bed return to normal (pinkish) once released from pressure?	no more than 2 seconds	23
3904856460	What are some ways in which checking capillary refill is unreliable?	--age of the patient -- elderly take longer --cold weather (especially if the fingers are cold)	24
3904862062	How do you check the responsiveness in a child?	flicking the feet	25
3904883815	What does the tripod position usually indicate in a patient?	significant difficulty in breathing	26
3904886179	What does the Levine's sign usually indicate in a patient?	significant chest pain or discomfort	27
3904888643	What is the Levine's sign?	a fist clinched over the chest	28
3904889416	What is the tripod position?	a patient sitting upright, leaning forward, and supporting themselves with arms locked in front of them	29
3904892521	What type of distress does the tripod position show?	respiratory	30
3904893664	What type of distress does the Levine sign show?	cardiac	31
3904899581	EMT's perform the ABC's in that order for patients unless they are suffering from what issue?	cardiac arrest	32
3904903564	Instead of ABC's, which order should be performed on a patient suffering from cardiac arrest?	CAB	33
3904906096	When should an EMT perform manual C-spine stabilization?	As soon a c-spine injury is suspected or if the patient is unconcious	34
3904908844	What is considered an EMT's "sixth sense?"	clinical judgement	35
3904916938	What type of approach is the primary assessment?	systematic	36
3904929467	heart rate -- infant?	140-160	37
3904930173	respiratory rate -- infant?	40-60 / 30-40	38
3904931038	systolic -- infant?	70-90	39
3904932448	heart rate -- toddler?	80-130	40
3904933129	respiratory rate -- toddler?	20-30	41
3904934380	systolic -- toddler?	70-100	42
3904935693	heart rate -- preschool	80-120	43
3904936304	respiratory rate -- preschool	20-30	44
3904936305	systolic -- preschool	80-110	45
3904942151	heart rate -- school age	70-110	46
3904943574	respiratory rate -- school age	20-30	47
3904943575	systolic -- school age	80-120	48
3904944403	heart rate -- adolescence	55-105	49
3904945192	respiratory rate -- adolescence	12-20	50
3904945810	systolic -- adolescence	80-120	51
3904946713	heart rate -- early adult	70	52
3904947651	respiratory rate -- early adult	12-20	53
3904948015	systolic -- early adult	120	54
3904705500	What do you do for a child having difficulty breathing?	place a towel under his shoulder blades	55
3906189020	What do you assume for an unresponsive patient with unknown MOI/NOI?	spinal injury	56
3906215785	What is a rapid pulse?	tachycardia -- above 100 beats/minute	57
3906218813	What is the normal pulse for an adult at rest?	60-10	58
3906218814	What is a slow pulse?	bradycardia -- below 60 beats/minute	59
3906224993	What does a thready pulse mean?	weak	60
3906231180	Which is more of a concern in a child/infant -- high pulse or low pulse?	low pulse -- may indicate imminent cardiac arrest	61
3906237604	Define arterial spray	bright red spurting blood	62
3906240700	What must be done if you hear gurgling sounds?	suction the airway	63
3906245696	Rapid, regular, full pulse	exertion, fright, fever, high blood pressure	64
3906248863	rapid, regular, thready pulse	shock, later stages of blood loss	65
3906249985	slow pulse	head injury, drugs, poison, heart problems	66
3906252244	no pulse	cardiac arrest	67
3906262455	What is the first thing to do in patient assessment?	verbalize BSI / scene safe	68
3906266531	What is the order of the patient assessment?	1. BSI 2. Scene size-up 3. primary assessment 4. history taking 5. secondary assessment 6. vital signs 7. reassessment	69
3906272240	What are the components of scene size-up?	1. determine if scene is safe 2. MOI / NOI 3. number of patients 4. additional EMS assistance if necessary 5. stabilize c-spine	70
3906284264	What are the components of the primary assessment?	1. general impression 2. responsiveness (AVPU) 3. chief complaint 4. Airway 5. breathing 6. circulation 7. patient priority	71
3906294071	What are the components of the Secondary Assessment?	1. head 2. neck 3. chest 4. abdomen 5. abdomen/pelvis 6. lower extremities 7. upper extremities 8. posterior (back)	72
3906302940	What are the components of the vital signs?	1. take baseline vitals 2. manage secondary wounds	73
3906308733	What is the component of reassessment?	demonstrate how and when to reassess the patient	74
3906360599	How often should you open the airway on a patient?	ALWAYS	75
3906398833	What are the 4 components of circulation in patient assessment?	1. checks pulse 2. assess skin (condition, color, temp) 3. assess for and control major bleeding 4. initiate shock management	76

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Emergency Care -- 13th Edition -- Chapter 11 Flashcards

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4815189580	Mechanism of injury (MOI)	a force or forces that may have caused injury	0
4815189581	What are the three collisions in a motor-vehicle crash?	1. vehicle collision -- vehicle strikes an object 2. body collision -- person's body strikes the inside of the vehicle 3. organ collision -- person's organs strike interior surfaces of the body	1
4815189582	Two types of injury patterns in a head-on collisions	1. up and over -- body goes up/over the steering wheel 2. down and under -- body goes down/under the steering wheel	2
4815189583	In an injury caused by a fall, what 4 factors should be considered?	1. Height from which the patient fell 2. Surface the patient fell onto 3. Part of the patient that hit the surface 4. Anything that interrupts the fall	3
4815189584	What is considered a severe fall for adults?	a fall of greater than 20 feet	4
4815189585	What is considered a severe fall for children under 15?	a fall of greater than 10 feet or more than 2-3 times the child's height	5
4815189586	Nature of illness (NOI)	what is medically wrong with a patient	6
4815189587	What determines the the size of the danger zone?	the nature and severity of collision-produced hazards	7
4815189588	penetrating trauma	injury caused by an object that passes through the skin or other body tissues	8
4815189589	blunt-force trauma	injury caused by a blow that does not penetrate the skin or other body tissues	9
4815189590	scene size-up	steps taking when approaching the scene of an emergency call	10
4815189591	When does scene size-up begin?	as you approach the scene	11
4815189592	What are the 6 components of scene size-up?	1. checking scene safety 2. taking Standard Precautions 3. noting the mechanism of injury (MOI) 4. noting the nature of the illness (NOI) 5. determine the # of patients 6. call for additional resources if needed	12
4815189593	What is a danger zone?	the area around the wreckage of a vehicle collision or other incident within which special safety precautions should be taken. The size of the zone depends on the nature and severity of the	13
4815189594	What is the danger zone with no apparent hazards?	50 feet in all directions	14
4815189595	What should never be parked in the danger zone?	the ambulance	15
4815189596	What is the danger zone with a vehicle on fire?	at least 100 feet in all directions	16
4815189597	What is the danger zone when fuel has been spilled?	minimum of 100 feet in all directions. If possible, park upwind and uphill.	17
4815189598	What is the danger zone when hazardous material is involved?	check the ERG	18
4815189599	When should EMT's enter a violent situation to provide care?	NEVER	19
4815189600	In signs of danger at a scene, what 3 guidelines should you follow?	1. retreat to a position of safety 2. call for help 3. return only after police have secured the scene	20
4815189601	As you approach a scene, what are 5 observations that could indicate violence?	1. fighting or loud voices 2. weapons visible or in use 3. signs of alcohol or drugs 4. unusual silence 5. knowledge of prior violence	21
4815189602	What are typical items of PPE?	1. gloves 2. eyewear 3. mask 4. HEPA respirator 5. gown	22
4815189603	What are the 5 types of vehicle collisions?	1. Head-on 2. Rear-end 3. Side-impact 4. Rollover 5. Rotational (spinning)	23
4815189604	What injuries are common in rear-end collisions?	neck and head	24
4815189605	What is the law of inertia?	a body in motion will remain in motion unless acted on by an outside force / a body at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an outside force	25
4815189606	What type of vehicle collision can be the most serious?	Rotational -- being struck first then spinning and striking another vehicle or tree	26
4815189607	Penetrating trauma	injury caused by an object that passes through the sin or other body tissues	27
4815189608	What is low-velocity penetrating trauma?	items that are propelled by hand such as knives	28
4815189609	What is medium-velocity penetrating trauma?	wounds caused by handguns, shotguns, arrows	29
4815189610	What are high-velocity trauma?	bullets propelled by a high powered or assault rifle	30
4815189611	What are the two ways bullets can cause damage?	1. Directly from the projectile 2. pressure-related (cavitation) -- creates a pressure wave	31
4815189612	Blunt-force trauma	injury caused by a blow that not penetrate the skin or other body tissues	32
4815189613	Index of suspicion	awareness that there may be injuries	33
4815189614	When should you ask for additional resources	Anytime the situation calls for more assistance to prevent further injury -- lift assist, violence, downed wires, multiple passengers, smoke, suspicious odors	34

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Emergency Care -- 13th Edition -- Chapter 10 Flashcards

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3946201543	Define hypoxia	a lack of oxygen in the body's tissues	0
3946203539	Define hypercapnia	high levels of carbon dioxide	1
3946205386	What is ventilation?	breathing in and out or artificial provision of breaths	2
3946208932	Why is inhalation an active process?	it takes work to inhale -- the chest expands / diaphram contracts and moves down / size of the chest expands / negative pressure in created / air is pulled in	3
3946217573	Why is exhalation a passive process?	it doesnt take as much work -- everything relaxes / positive pressure is created / air is pushed out	4
3962864817	What is respiratory distress?	increased work of breathing; a sensation of shortness of breath	5
3962867839	What is respiratory failure?	the reduction of breathing to the point where oxygen intake is not sufficient to support life	6
3962873056	What is respiratory arrest?	when breathing completely stops	7
3962903016	How does respiratory distress turn to failure?	When the body's compensatory methods to overcome hypoxia fail. Increased hypoxia, dangerous levels of carbon dioxide, and muscles begin to tire	8
3962972017	What are 8 signs of inadequate breathing?	1. absent, minimal, uneven chest movements 2. abdominal breathing 3. no air can be felt or heard 4. noise sounds -- wheezing, crowing, stridor, snoring, gurgling 5. rapid or slow breathing 6. cyanosis 7. prolonged inspirations / prolonged expirations 8. low oxygen reading <95%	9
3963025534	What is minute volume?	the amount of air moved into and out of the lungs per minute	10
3963032824	How do you find minute volume?	multiply tidal volume by the respiratory rate	11
3963037366	What is tidal volume?	the amount of air moved in one breath	12
3963050607	What is the normal tidal volume for an adult?	6000 ml	13
3963054969	How do you change pounds to kilograms?	divide weight in pounds by 2	14
3963058089	How do you find the tidal volume?	Multiply the weight in kilograms by 5	15
3963133379	When should oxygen not be used?	in cases of strokes or heart attack	16
3963148397	What are the 5 types of oxygen cylinders?	D / E / M / G / H	17
3963153303	How much oxygen does a D cylinder hold?	350 liters	18
3963156058	How much oxygen does a E cylinder hold?	625 liters	19
3963163594	How much oxygen does a M cylinder hold?	3,000 liters	20
3963165926	How much oxygen does a G cylinder hold?	5,300 liters	21
3963168377	How much oxygen does a H cylinder hold?	6,900 liters	22
3963174865	What two types of cylinders are fixed systems on ambulances?	G and H	23
3963186137	What are the colors that identify oxygen cylinders?	--U.S. -- green --Europe -- white/green --also unpainted stainless steel and aluminum	24
3963223375	What device is connected to an oxygen cylinder to reduce pressure for safe use?	pressure regulator	25
3963233875	What is connected to the pressure regulator that indicates the control of the flow of oxygen?	flowmeter	26
3963256381	Which flowmeter can be used upright?	the pressure-compensated flowmeter	27
3963267386	What is the safe residual for an oxygen cylinder?	when the pressure gauge reads 200psi or above	28
3963285612	What is a humidifier?	a device connected to the flowmeter to add moisture to the dry oxygen coming from the oxygen cylinder	29
3963326942	What is the flow rate of oxygen in a nasal cannula?	1-6 liters per minute	30
3963330253	What is the flow rate of oxygen in a nonrebreather mask?	12-15 liters per minute	31
3963363538	What is mixed with oxygen in a venturi mask?	inhaled air	32
3963385063	What situation would require a tracheostomy mask?	to place over a stoma or tracheostomy tube to provide supplemental oxygen	33
3963399712	What is the EMTs best way to deliver high concentration of oxygen?	a nonrebreather mask (NRB)	34
3963431027	When should a bag-valve mask (BVM) be used?	to ventilate a nonbreathing patient and to assist ventilations in the patient whose own respiratory attempts are not enough to support life.	35
3963450720	What is the flow rate of BVM?	15 liters per minute	36
3963460297	When should a nasal cannula be used?	for patients who need a small amount of supplemental oxygen or cannot tolerate a mask	37
3963465452	When should a non-rebreather be used?	for patients with signs of hypoxia and those short of breath, suffering severe injuries, or displaying altered mental status	38
3963489104	What is the oxygen concentration for a nonrebreather?	80-90%	39
3963492542	What is the oxygen concentration for a nasal cannula?	24-44%	40
3964543659	What is another name for respiratory depression?	hypoventilation	41
3964549556	What is respiratory depression?	when ventilation is inadequate to perform needed gas exchange. It causes an increased concentration of carbon dioxide	42
3964598026	What signs / symptoms of hypoxia?	--cyanonsis --altered mental status	43
3964616758	What is a pocket facemask?	a device designed to aid in artificial ventilation	44
3964669281	How do you ventilate a patient with a stoma?	--suction the stoma --use a pediatric-size mask to establish a seal around the stoma --ventilate at the appropriate rate	45
3964702552	What percentage of oxygen comes from a pocket mask?	16%	46
3964789332	Define diffusion	the movement of gases from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration	47
3964795488	What is pulmonary respiration?	the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood in the pulmonary capillaries	48
3964820466	What is cellular respiration?	the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and circulating blood	49
3964826735	What is respiration?	the exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood (external respiration) and between the blood and the cells (internal respiration)	50
3964835447	What is internal respiration?	the exchange of gases between the blood and the cells	51
3964840849	What is external respiration?	the exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood	52
3964889707	What are chemoreceptors?	chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide	53
3964899048	What two gasses do chemoreceptors measure?	oxygen and carbon dioxide	54
3964933342	What device -- patient has adequate breathing or increasing respiratory distress	non-rebreather / nasal cannula	55
3964945554	What device -- patient has severe respiratory distress and continues to deteriorate	pocket face mask (PFM) / bag-valve mask (BVM)	56
3964966303	What is positive pressure ventilation?	forcing air or oxygen into the lungs	57
3964995524	What are the parts of the BVM?	1. oxygen (15 liters/minute) 2. bag (reservoir) 3. mask	58
3965032002	How much oxygen does the atmosphere provide?	21%	59
3965053448	In what ways can excessive ventilation harm a patient?	1. can cause a drop in blood pressure 2. gastric distention -- fills the stomach with air 3. hyperventilation -- can cause too much CO2 to be blown off	60
3965089507	What is gastric distention?	the filling of the stomach with air	61
3965093791	How does gastric distention occur?	when air is pushed through the esophagus during positive pressure ventiliation	62
3965108289	How can gastric distention be minimized?	by using airway adjuncts when ventilating / also establishing proper head position and airway opening techniques	63
3965137133	In a non-rebreather mask, what needs to happen before the make is placed on the patient's face?	the reservoir bag must be inflated	64
3965151180	What are the two devices most commonly used by the EMT to provide supplemental oxygen?	nonrebreather mask / nasal cannula	65
3965206736	What is the percentage of oxygen from a pocket mask when attached to high-concentration oxygen?	50%	66
3965246472	What is the oxygen concentration of a venturi mask?	24-60%	67
3965253162	What is the oxygen concentration from a partial rebreather mask?	40-60%	68
3975108606	What device is usually not used in EMS?	partial rebreather mask	69
3975110283	What is the purpose of the rebreather mask?	to keep a patient's CO2 levels up	70
3975125952	What device is used most commonly on patients with COPD?	venturi mask	71

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Emergency Care 13th Edition Chapter 9 Flashcards

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4998553044	Airway	The passageway by which air enters and leaves the body.	0
4998553045	bronchoconstriction	the contraction of smooth muscle that lines the bronchial passages that results in decreased internal diameter of the airway and increased resistance to airflow	1
4998553046	gag reflex	vomiting or retching that results when something is placed in the back of the pharynx. This is tied to the swallow reflex.	2
4998553047	head-tilt, chin-lift	A means of correcting blockage of the airway by the tongue by tilting the head back and lifting the chin. Used when no trauma, or injury, is suspected.	3
4998553048	jaw-thrust maneuver	a means of correcting blockage of the airway by moving the jaw forward without tilting the head or neck. Used when trauma or injury is suspected to open the airway without causing further injury to the spinal cord in the neck.	4
4998553049	nasopharyngeal airway	a flexible breathing tube inserted through the patient's nostril into the pharynx to help maintain an open airway	5
4998553050	oropharyngeal airway	a curved device inserted through the patient's mouth into the pharynx to help maintain an open airway	6
4998553051	Patent airway	an airway that is open and clear and will remain open and clear without interference to the passage of air into and out of the body	7
4998553052	stridor	a high-pitched sound generated from partially obstructed airflow in the upper airway	8
4998553053	suctioning	use of a vacuum device to remove blood, vomitus, and other secretions or foreign materials from the airway	9
4998553054	wheezing	a high-pitched sound generated by the narrowing of passages of the lower airway	10
5029008701	The Structure of the airway	The nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs	11
5029022319	Patent	An airway that is open and clear	12
5029049163	Oropharynx, Nasopharynx and Larynopharynx	The pharynx is divided into three regions	13
5029072960	Epiglottis	Large leaf like structure at the back of the throat that protects the glottic witch is the entry point into the larynx	14
5029113226	Thyroid cartilage	protects the from of the larynx and forms the adam's apple	15
5029137574	Cricoid cartilage	Cartilage ring in the trachea extends fully 360 degrees around	16
5029152161	Carina	Where the trachea branches into the right and left main stream bronchi	17
5029161673	Bronchioles	smaller air passages in the lungs	18
5029199872	Alveoli	Tiny sacs that occur in grapelike bunches at the end of the airway. They are surrounded by pulmonary capillaries.	19
5029208216	Diffusion	Gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries happen through the process of	20
5029225159	The tongue / loss of tone / loss of muscle tone	A common airway obstruction in a person with decreased mental status is	21
5029238212	Sniffing position	When swelling obstructs air flow through the upper airway (typically due to infection). patient may present in the	22
5029288880	Rise and fall of the chest, inspect for foreign bodies including objects and fluid in the airway. and listen for sounds of breathing	When you look listen and feel for respirations what are you looking for?	23
5029300484	Signs of an inadequate airway	No signs of breathing, foreign body in the airway. the patient is unable or has difficulty speaking. abnormal breath sound, absent, minimal, or uneven chest movement. breath sounds diminished or absent. in children, there may be retractions above the clavicles and between and below the ribs or nasal flaring.	24
5029390899	Open and maintain the airway	What should you do for patients who cannot maintain theyre own airway?	25
5029401587	Lying supine	Opening the airway and artificial ventilation are best carried out with the patient in what position	26
5029423391	A lack of airway muscle tone	The most common impediment to an open airway in a patient with alered mental status in	27
5029438475	The patient's forehead	To open the airway using the head-tilt chin lift maneuver, tilt the head by applying gentle pressure to	28
5029455117	The top of the patient's head	to open the airway using the jaw-thrust you position yourself at	29
5029473943	A wide bore, rigid yakauer suction device	the best way to clear a patient's airway from vomitus, secretions or blood	30
5029490004	Nasopharyngeal airway (NPA)	A flexible brething tube inserted through the patient's nose into the pharynx to help mantain an open airway	31
5029510485	Gloves, goggles, and mask	BSI recommended when working with the airway	32
5029534158	The corner of the mouth to the tip of the earlobe	You should measure an oropharyngeal ariway from _____________ to ___________________	33
5029562446	From the center of the patient's mouth to the angle of the jaw	Another way to measure the OPA	34
5029568431	The roof of the patient's mouth	To insert an OPA position the airway device so that its tip is pointing toward ______________	35
5029582573	Facing down and foward	Using a tongue depressor you should insert an OPA with the tip pointing __________. This is preffered for infants and children	36
5029614810	Patient's nostril to the tip of the earlobe or to the angle of the jaw	you should measure the nasopharyngeal airway form	37
5029623715	Water-based lubricant	Lubricate the outside of the NPA with	38
5029640905	The base of the nostril or toward the septum	When inserting an NPA the bevel should point towards	39
5029653074	Skull fracture indicated by CFS coming from nose or ears	Contraindication for the use of an NPA is	40
5029686173	30 liters per minute. the system must generate a vacuum of no less than 300 mmHg	To be effective, suction devices must furnish an air intake of at least	41
5029705704	The rigid pharyngeal tip "Yankauer".	The most popular type of suction tip is	42
5029721084	Gag reflex or activation of the vagus nerve which can slow the heart rate	Touching the back of the throat while suctioning may cause	43
5029729607	A container of water	To clear the suction tube you should have avilable	44
5029738864	Removing the rigid tip or catherer and use the large bore tubing	When copious thick secretions or vomit is present consider	45
5029758040	10 secons (NREMT is 15)	You should try limiting suctioning for no longer than _________.	46
5029763271	Hypoxia	Prolonged suctioning can cause	47
5029773553	Continue suctioning longer than 10 seconds	If patients continues vomiting	48
5029778909	Pre-oxygenate patient	Before suctioning through an endotracheal tube should	49
5029788208	on the way out	You should suction on the way in or out?	50
5029798359	Corner of the mouth to the earlobe	When suctioning with a suction catheter you should measure the catheter from	51
5029816419	Manual techniques	Remove visible solid objects from mouth using	52
5029825777	Log roll to supine position	When a patient is laying prone and you need to clear the airway	53
5029841890	Leave in place	What should you do with dentures to care for airway	54
5029848418	Remove it	If partial denture becomes loose and blocks airway you should	55
5029868188	In infants and children the tongue takes up more space proportionally to the mouth	The difference in anatomy between children's and adult's tongue	56
5029881513	Do not hyperextend neck, use neutral position	How should you open the airway in infants	57

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Emergency Care 13th Edition chapter 8 Flashcards

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3808419375	Physiological	Physical characteristics of different age groups from infancy through late adult hood	0
3808421732	Psychosocial	Mental and Social characteristics of different age groups from infancy to late adulthood	1
3808426262	8 Stages of Life span Development	infancy, toddler phase, preschool phase, school age, adolescence, Early adulthood, Middle adulthood, Late adulthood.	2
3808433403	Infancy	Stage of life from birth to one year	3
3808450894	As a baby ages in infancy what will happen to their vital signs	Normal pulse rate and respiratory rate will decrease, blood pressure will increase.	4
3808457562	At what point in time will an infants weight double? At what point in time will an infants weight triple?	6 months 12 Months	5
3808464265	An infants head will be equal to what percent of its body weight?	25%	6
3808467160	What occurs with in the first minutes of hours of birth?	The transition from fetal circulation to pulmonary circulation.	7
3808478442	Antibodies	Helps to protect an infant from diseases which the mother has had	8
3808485254	Where do antibodies come from?	From a mothers milk	9
3808490684	Infants Heart rate per minute	140-160/min	10
3808492585	infants Respiratory Volume	7-8 mL/kg at birth increasing to 10-15 mL/kg at 1yr	11
3808498027	Infants Respiratory Rate	40-60/min ( Drops to 30-40 soon after birth)	12
3808503564	Infants Systolic Blood Pressure	70mmHg at birth to 90mmHg at 1yr	13
3808505128	Moro Reflex	When you startle an infant and they throw their arms out, spread their fingers and grabs with the finger and arms. Movements should be relatively equal.	14
3808512632	Palmar Reflex	When you place your finger in an infants palm and they grasp it.	15
3808516394	Rooting Reflex	When you touch an infant cheek when they are hungry and they turn their head towards the side that was touched	16
3808519833	Sucking reflex	Stroke an infants lips and they start sucking. This working in conjunction with the rooting reflex.	17
3808527792	Approx. how long will an infant sleep around two to four months?	They will sleep though the night	18
3808539681	Developmental changes at 2 MO	Track objects with eyes, recognizes familiar faces	19
3808541281	Developmental changes at 3 MO	Moves object to mouth with hands, Distinct facial expressions. (Smile, Frown)	20
3808543883	Developmental changes at 4 MO	Drools with out swallowing, Begins to reach out to people	21
3808544680	Developmental changes at 5 MO	Sleep through the night w/out waking or feeding, Discriminates between family and strangers	22
3808549566	Developmental changes at 5-7 MO	Teeth begin to appear	23
3808554528	Developmental changes at 6 MO	Sits upright in high chair, begins making one syllable sounds	24
3808557329	Developmental changes at 7 MO	Fear of strangers, moods shift quickly	25
3808561059	Developmental changes at 8 mo	Begins responding to the word NO, can sit alone, can play peek a boo	26
3808563615	Developmental changes at 9MO	Responds to adult anger, Pulls self up to stand, explores objects by mouthing, sucking, chewing, and biting	27
3808567884	Developmental changes at 10 MO	Pay attention to own name, crawls well	28
3808569865	Developmental changes at 11 MO	Attempts to walk w/out assistance, begins to show frustrations about restrictions	29
3808577343	Developmental changes at 12 MO	Walks with help, Knows own name	30
3808579735	Bonding	Sense that their needs will be met.	31
3808583924	Trust VS Mistrust	Likes orderly, predictable environment. When their environment is disorderly and irregular they develop Anxiety and insecurity	32
3808591030	Scaffolding	Learns by building onto what they already know	33
3808594578	Temperament	Reaction to the environment	34
3808598144	Toddler stage range	12-36MO	35
3808603816	Body temperature ranges in a toddler	96.8-99.6 F	36
3808608171	Toddler Heart Rate	80-130/min	37
3808609063	Toddler Respirator Rate	20-30/min	38
3808610907	Toddler Systolic Blood Pressure	70-100mmHg	39
3808615581	Cognitive Developmental Changes @ 12 Mo	Begins to grasp that words mean something	40
3808617364	Cognitive Developmental Changes @ 18-24 Mo (months)	Begins to understand cause and effect	41
3808619988	Cognitive Developmental Changes @ 24-36 MO	Begins developing "magical thinking" and engages in play acting, such as playing house	42
3808626502	Cognitive Developmental Changes @ 3-4 years	Masters the basics of language	43
3808629680	Toddler Pulmonary system	Terminal airways branch and grow	44
3808633953	Toddler Nervous System	Brain is now 90% of adult brain weight. Fine motor skills develop	45
3808640036	Toddler Musculoskeletal system	Muscle Mass and bone density increase	46
3808642502	Toddler Immune system	More susceptible to illness. Develops immunity to pathogens as exposure occurs and through vaccination	47
3808646658	Toddler teeth	By 36 Mo. all primary teeth are in	48
3808655541	Toddler Psychosocial	development of knowledge and thinking	49
3808659032	Preschool age	Stage of life from 3-5 years	50
3808663766	Vital signs: Preschool age: Heart Rate	80-120/min	51
3808665568	Vital signs: Preschool age: Respiratory rate	20-30/min	52
3808667061	Vital signs: Preschool age: Systolic blood pressure	80-110 mmHg	53
3808674606	What stage do they attend preschool and actively involved in peer groups	Preschool age	54
3808675914	School age	6-12 years	55
3808679289	School age body temperature?	98.6 F (37c)	56
3808682364	How much weight will a school age gain each year?	6.6 lb year	57
3808684129	How much will a school age grow?	2.4 inches each year	58
3808689183	What is the most obvious change in a school age?	Loss of primary teeth	59
3808692287	When are decision making skill first developed	School age	60
3808694683	Vital Signs: School age: Heart rate	70-110/min	61
3808695767	Vital Signs: School age: Respiratory rate ?	20-30/Min	62
3808696559	Vital Signs: School age: Systolic Blood Pressure?	80-120 mmHg	63
3808700522	When does self esteem and negative self esteem develop?	School age	64
3808705862	Which self esteem can be very damaging during school age?	Negative	65
3808707625	Moral development begins at what stage?	School age	66
3808708559	Adolescence begins and ends at what age?	13-18 years (Transition from childhood to adulthood)	67
3808718088	When are girls usually finished growing	16 yrs	68
3808718856	When are boys usually finished growing	18 yrs	69
3808720831	When do male and females reach full reproductive maturity?	13-18 yrs	70
3808725031	Adolescence physiological bring what?	Growth Spurts, sexual development, in females menstruation and breast growth occurs	71
3808738792	Most common injuries in Adolescent?	Trauma/ Risk takers	72
3808742443	Vital Signs: Adolescents: Heart Rate	55-105/Min	73
3808743520	Vital Signs: Adolescents: Respiratory Rate	12/20 Min	74
3808744629	Vital Signs: Adolescents: Systolic Blood Pressure	80-120 mmHg	75
3808749667	Adolescence psychosocial introduces what?	Family conflict, independence, identity, sex, body image, self-destructive, tobacco, alcohol, illicit drugs and unsafe driving. Also logical, analytical, and abstract thinking	76
3808759925	When does logical, analytical, and abstract thinking begin at what stage?	Adolescent	77
3808761343	Early adulthood stage begins when?	19-40 years	78
3808763695	Early adulthood physiological aspect bring what?	Develops life long habits and routines	79
3808766790	Early adult hood psychosocial aspect bring what?	Highest level of job stress, establish identity, love and relationship develop, child birth.	80
3808771355	Leading cause of death for Early adults is what?	Accidents	81
3808773613	Vital Signs: Early Adulthood: heart rate?	Avg. 70/min	82
3808775424	Vital Signs: Early Adulthood: Respiratory rate	16/20/min	83
3808777530	Vital Signs: Early Adulthood: Blood pressure	120/80 mmgh	84
3808780129	Middle adult hood ranges from?	41-60 years	85
3808783179	Middle adulthood Psychosocial aspects would be	More task oriented, see lifetime goals diminish, empty nest syndrome, increased freedom, opportunity for self-fulfilment	86
3808792446	Middle adulthoods physiological aspect would be	Vision problems, possible high cholesterol developing, concern for health, Cancer, weight control is difficult, menopause for woman.	87
3808798913	What is the leading cause for death in middle adulthood?	Heart disease is the major killer after the age of forty in all age, sex, and racial groups.	88
3808836491	Late adult hood (twilight years)	61yrs and older	89
3808845730	Late adulthood physiological aspect would be what for the body? (hint: cardiovascular,blood, H.R, Respiratory, Endocrine systems do what?)	Less efficient cardiovascular system, blood volume decreases, less tolerant of tachycardia (fast H.R), respiratory system deteriorates, decreased metabolism, Sleep issues, deterioration.	90
3808864948	Late Adulthood psychosocial aspects are?	Decrease in motivation, personal interests, level of activities.	91
3808870732	Late adulthood: living environment	how long can they stay, do they need assisted living, or nursing home	92
3808872693	Late adulthood: Self worth	Concerned with producing quality work that benefits self and others	93
3808874452	Late adulthood:Financial burdens	limited income, increased expenses, financial concerns	94
3808878430	Late adulthood: Death and dying	Sees friends and family die all around, concerned quite often for owns health condition and mortality	95
3808887740	Physiological:What are 4 reflexes of the that will diminish over time for an infant?	Moro, Palmer, Rooting, Sucking reflexes.	96
3808891186	Psychosocial: What are 4 characteristics of bonding in an infant?	Bonding, Trust vs Mistrust, scaffolding, temperament.	97
3808895611	Physiological: What are the 5 body systems that will continue to develop and improve in a toddler.	Pulmonary system, Nervous system, musculoskeletal, immune, and teeth systems.	98

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Emergency Care -- 13th Edition -- Chapter 7 Flashcards

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3790980702	pathophysiology	study of how disease processes affect the function of the body	0
3790983348	mitochondria	powerhouse of the cell	1
3790986264	mitochondria	produces energy for the cell	2
3790990384	metabolism	the cellular function of converting nutrients into energy (converting glucose into ATP)	3
3791002009	adenosine triphosphate (ATP)	the cell's internally created fuel, responsible for powering all the other cellular functions	4
3791013188	sodium potassium pump	specialized mechanism the actively move ions back and forth across the cell membrane	5
3791028741	cell	basic building block of the body	6
3791034184	electrolytes	substances that, when dissolved in water, separate into charged particles	7
3791042178	important electrolytes	sodium, potassium, and magnesium	8
3791045090	glucose	simple sugar obtained from food that is the basic nutrient of the cell (basic building block for energy in the form of ATP)	9
3791053505	insulin	required in the blood to help move glucose from the blood into the cells (body must have a consistent supply and must match the body's glucose requirements to ensure that the energy needs of the cells are met)	10
3791067335	oxygen	used by the cell to metabolize glucose into energy	11
3791070961	aerobic metabolism	the cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose. Energy is produced in an efficient manner with minimal waste products, including carbon dioxide	12
3791078308	anaerobic metabolism	the cellular process in which glucose is metabolized into energy without oxygen. Energy is produced in an inefficient manner with many waste products. Lactic acid is created	13
3791637464	respiratory system	supplies the oxygen necessary for aerobic metabolism	14
3791642556	cardiovascular system	carries oxygen to the cells	15
3791653285	cell membrane	vulnerable element of the cell	16
3791659740	permeability	the ability to effectively transfer fluids, electrolytes, and other substances in and out of the cell	17
3791670254	21%	percentage of oxygen in inhaled air	18
3791676925	fraction of inspired air (FiO2)	the fraction of inspired oxygen / the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe	19
3791685003	patent	open and clear / free from obstruction	20
3791693313	tidal volume	the volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing	21
3791695056	minute volume	the amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breaths per minute	22
3791705326	dead air space	air that occupies the space between the mouth and the alveoli but that does not actually reach the area of gas exchange	23
3792285484	medulla oblongata	the seat of respiratory control	24
3792298373	inhalation	active process -- diaphragm contracts, chest expands, negative pressure is created -- air is pulled in through the trachea	25
3792307292	exhalation	passive process -- diaphragm relaxes, chest returns to normal, positive pressure is created -- air is pushed out	26
3792319639	hypoxia	low oxygen	27
3792322168	hypercapnia	high carbon dioxide	28
3792327321	chemoreceptors	chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide	29
3792334157	blood	vehicle by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported	30
3792339108	plasma	liquid portion of the blood	31
3792341061	hemoglobin	carry oxygen in red blood cells	32
3792343540	white blood cells	fight infection	33
3792348763	plasma oncotic pressure	the pull exerted by large proteins in the plasma portion of the blood that tends to pull water from the body into the bloodstream	34
3792380513	hydrostatic pressure	the pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel	35
3792386808	anemia	decrease in the number of red blood cells	36
3792390050	arteries (with one exception)	carry oxygenated blood	37
3792395956	veins (with one exception)	carry deoxygenated blood	38
3792402305	pulmonary artery	carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs	39
3792404215	pulmonary veins	carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart	40
3792409841	capillaries	thin walls that allow for movement of substances into and out of the bloodstream	41
3792418148	arterioles	the smallest arteries	42
3792423897	stretch receptors	sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure and transmits messages to the nervous system to make the necessary adjustments	43
3792436744	vasodilation	uncontrolled dilation of the blood vessels	44
3792439885	loss of tone	the inability of blood vessels to control their diameter	45
3792448532	excessive permeability	condition in which the capillaries become over permeable (leaky) allowing too much fluid to flow out through their walls	46
3792460125	stroke volume	the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction (normally 70 mL)	47
3792464518	preload	how much blood is returned to the heart prior to the contraction. The greater the filling of the heart, the greater the stroke volume	48
3792650750	contractility	the force of contraction, that is, how hard the heart squeezes. The more forceful the muscle squeezes, the greater the stroke volume	49
3792662735	afterload	a function of systematic vascular resistance. It is how much pressure the heart has to pump against to force blood out into the system. The greater the pressure in the system, the lower the stroke volume	50
3792700804	cardiac output	the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute (heart rate x stroke volume)	51
3793167024	hypertention	increased blood pressure	52
3793168884	hypotension	low blood pressure	53
3793207397	ventricular fibrillation	heart is quivering and cant contract or pump properly	54
3793249153	perfusion	the regular supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through capillaries	55
3793271537	hypoperfusion	the inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients	56
3793277205	hypoperfusion	shock	57
3793280715	hypovolemic shock	type of shock -- low blood volume that leads to reduced pressure in the cardiovascular system. Heart has great difficulty pumping blood to all the necessary regions of the body	58
3793309982	distributive shock	type of shock -- blood vessel tone is lost, the smooth muscle in the vessels loses its ability to maintain a normal diameter	59
3793326141	cardiogenic shock	type of shock -- heart fails in its ability to pump blood and the heart can no longer maintain the pressure in the cardiovascular system and blood fails to be pumped to the cells	60
3793333826	obstructive shock	type of shock -- large quantities of blood are prevented from reaching essential organs and vital areas	61
3793353203	symptoms of compensated shock	slight mental status change / increased heart rate / increased respiratory rate / delayed capillary refill time / pale skin and moist to touch / sweating	62
3793380211	diaphoresis	cool, pale, and moist/sweaty skin	63
3793385318	decompensated shock	compensatory mechanisms have not been successful or have failed in their effort to sustain perfusion	64
3793398423	irreversible shock	inadequately perfused organ systems begin to die / patient death will soon follow	65
3793406945	60%	amount of the body that is made of water	66
3793410783	intracellular	water that is inside the cells (70%)	67
3793411979	intravascular	water that is in the bloodstream (5%)	68
3793414284	interstitial	water that can be found between the cells and blood vessels (25%)	69
3793418305	dehydration	abnormally low amount of water in the body	70
3793423555	edema	swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitial space	71
3793429795	meninges	protective layers that protect the brain and spinal cord	72
3793453308	meningitis	an infection of the brain and spinal cord	73
3793459628	hypoglycemia	low blood sugar	74
3793494693	major systems of the endocrine system	kidneys and brain	75
3793498210	nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea	most common digestive disorders	76
3793573681	hypersensitivity	exaggerated immune response (allergic reaction)	77
3793606880	histamine	chemicals released due to hypersensitivity that produces edema and sometimes a narrowing of the airways because of changes in blood vessel permeability	78
3793618822	signs of neurologic impairment	altered mental status / seizures / inability or difficulty to speak / visual or hearing disturbance / difficulty walking / paralysis / weakness / loss of sensation / pupil changes	79

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Emergency Care 13th Edition Chapter 6 Flashcards

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4346864288	Thyroid cartilage	The wing shaped plate of cartilage that sits anterior to the larynx and formd the Adams apple	0
4346864289	Musculoskeletal system	The system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement	1
4346864290	Skeleton	The bones of the body	2
4346864291	Muscle	Tissue that can contract and allow movement of a body part	3
4346864292	Ligament	Tissue that connects bones to bone	4
4346864293	Tendon	Tissue that connects muscle to bone	5
4346864294	The three main functions of the Musculoskeletal system	To give the body shape, to protect vital organs and provide for body movement	6
4346864295	Skull	The bony structure of the head	7
4346864296	Cranium	The top, back, and sides of the skull	8
4346864297	Mandible	The lower jaw bone	9
4346864298	Maxillae	The two fused bones forming the upper jaw	10
4346864299	Nasal bones	The nose bones	11
4346864300	Orbits	The bony structures around the eyes; the eyesockets	12
4346864301	Zygomatic arches	Bones that form the structure of the cheeks	13
4346864302	Vertebrae	The 33 bones of the spinal column	14
4346864303	Divisions of the spine	The spine is comprised of five regions, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, Coccyx	15
4346864304	Cervical section	The neck consisting of seven vertebrae	16
4346864305	Thoracic section	The thorax, ribs and upper back consisting of 12 vertebrae	17
4346864306	Lumbar section	The lower back consisting of five vertebrae	18
4346864307	Sacral section	The back wall of the pelvis consisting of five vertebrae	19
4346864308	Coccyx section	Tailbone consisting of four vertebrae	20
4346864309	Thorax	The chest	21
4346864310	Sternum	The breastbone	22
4346864311	Manubrium	The superior portion of the sternum	23
4346864312	Xiphoid process	The inferior portion of the sternum	24
4346864313	Pelvis	The basin shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities	25
4346864314	Ilium	The superior and why this portion of the pelvis	26
4346864315	Ischium	The lower, posterior portions of the pelvis	27
4346864316	Pubis	The medial anterior portion of the pelvis	28
4346864317	Acetabulum	The pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint	29
4348192857	Lower extremity bones	The femur, patella, tibia, fibula, malleolus, tarsals, metatarsals, calcaneus and the flanges	30
4348192858	Upper extremity bones	The clavicle, scapula, acromion process, acromioclavicular joint, humerus, the radius, ulna, carpals, and metacarpals	31
4348192859	Femur	The large bone of the thigh	32
4348192860	Patella	The kneecap	33
4348192861	Tibia	The medial and larger bone of the lower leg	34
4348192862	Fibula	The lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg	35
4348192863	Malleolus	The protrusion on the side of the ankle. The lateral malleolus, at the lower end of the fibula, is seen on the outer ankle: the medial malleolus, at the lower end of the tibia, the scene on the inner ankle	36
4348192864	Tarsals	The ankle bones	37
4348192865	Metatarsals	The foot bones	38
4348192866	Calcaneus	The heel bone	39
4348192867	Phalanges	The toe bones and finger bones	40
4348192868	Scapula	The shoulder blade	41
4348192869	Clavicle	The collarbone	42
4348192870	Acromion process	The highest portion of the shoulder	43
4348192871	Acromioclavicular joint	The joint where the acromion and clavicle meet	44
4348192872	Humerus	The bone of the upper arm, between the shoulder and the elbow	45
4348192873	Radius	The lateral bone of the forarm	46
4348192874	Ulna	The medial bone of the forearm	47
4348192875	Carpals	The wrist bones	48
4348192876	Metacarpals	The hand bones	49
4348192877	Joint	The point where two bones come together	50
4348192878	The three types of muscles	Voluntary muscle, involuntary muscle in the cardiac muscle	51
4348192879	Voluntary muscle (skeletal muscle)	Muscle that can be consciously controlled	52
4348192880	Involuntary muscle (smooth muscle)	Muscle that responds automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled	53
4348192881	Cardiac muscle	Specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart	54
4348192882	Automaticity	The ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own	55
4348192883	Respiratory system	The system of the nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that bring oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide. Also called the pulmonary system	56
4348192884	Oropharynx	The area directly posterior to the mouth	57
4348192885	Nasopharynx	The area directly posterior to the nose	58
4348192886	Pharynx	The area directly posterior to the mouth and nose. It is made up of the oropharynx in the nasopharynx	59
4348192887	Epiglottis	A leaf shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea	60
4348192888	Larynx	The voice box	61
4348192889	Cricoid cartilage	The ring shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx	62
4348192890	Trachea	The structures that connect the pharynx to the lungs. Also called the windpipe	63
4348192891	Lungs	The organs were exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place	64
4348192892	Bronchi	The two large set of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs. There are right and left bronchi. Singular bronchus.	65
4348192893	Alveoli	The microscopic sacks of the Longs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place	66
4348192894	Diaphragm	The muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. A major muscle of respiration	67
4348192895	Inhalation	An active process in which the intercostal muscle and the diaphragm contracts, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs	68
4348192896	Exhalation	A passive process in which the intercostal muscles in the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs	69
4348192897	Ventilation	The process of moving gases between the inhaled air in the pulmonary circulation of blood	70
4348192898	Respiration (cellular)	The process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood in the cells	71
4348192899	Cardiovascular system	The system made up of the heart (cardio) and the blood vessels (vascular); the circulatory system	72
4348192900	Atria	The upper chambers of the heart. There's a right atrium (which receives oxygenated blood returning from the body) and a left atrium (which receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs).	73
4348192901	Ventricles	The two lower chambers of the heart. There's a right ventricle (which sends oxygen poor blood to the lungs ) and a left ventricle (which sends oxygen-rich blood to the body).	74
4348192902	Venae cavae	The superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. These two major veins return blood from the body to the right atrium. Singular vena cava	75
4348192903	Valve	A structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only One Direction	76
4348192904	Cardiac conduction system	A system of specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat	77
4348192905	Artery	Any blood vessel curing blood away from the heart	78
4348192906	Coronary arteries	Blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart (myocardium).	79
4348192907	Aorta	The largest artery in the body. It transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systemic circulation	80
4348192908	Pulmonary arteries	The vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs	81
4348192909	Carotid arteries	The large neck arteries, one on each side of the neck, that carry blood from the heart to the head	82
4348192910	Femoral artery	The major artery supplying the leg	83
4348192911	Brachial artery	Artery of the upper arm; the site of the pulse checked during infancy CPR	84
4348192912	Radial artery	The artery of the lower arm: the artery felt when taking the pulse at the thumb side of the wrist	85
4348192913	Posterior tibial artery	Artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle	86
4348192914	Dorsalis pedis artery	Arteries supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe.	87
4348192915	Arteriole	The smallest kind of artery	88
4348192916	Capillary	A thin walled, microscopic blood vessel where the oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with the body's cells take place	89
4348192917	Venule	The smallest kind of vein	90
4348192918	Vein	Any blood vessel returning blood to the heart	91
4348192919	Pulmonary veins	The vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the longs to the left atrium of the heart	92
4348192920	Plasma	The fluid portion of the blood	93
4348192921	Red blood cells	Components of the blood. They carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from the cells	94
4348192922	White blood cells	Components of the blood. They produce substances that help the body fight infection	95
4348192923	Platelets	Components of the blood; membrane enclosed fragments of specialized cells	96
4348192924	Pulse	The rhythmic beats cost is way it's a blood moves through and expand the arteries	97
4348192925	Peripheral pulses	The radial, brachial, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis pulses, which can be felt at peripheral (out lying) points of the body	98
4349472425	Central pulses	The carotid and femoral pulses, which can be felt in the central part of the body	99
4349472426	Blood pressure	The pressure caused by blood exerting force against the walls of blood vessels. Usually arterial blood pressure is measured. There are two parts: diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure	100
4349472427	Systolic blood pressure	The pressure-treated in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulation	101
4349472428	Diastolic blood pressure	The pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling	102
4349472429	Perfusion	The supply of oxygen and nutrients to and removal of waste from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries	103
4349472430	Hypoperfusion	Inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body cells to supply them with the oxygen and nutrients. A life-threatening condition. Also called shock.	104
4349472431	Cardiopulmonary system	The respiratory system and cardiovascular system working together	105
4349472432	Lymphatic system	The system composed of organs, tissues, and vessels that help to maintain the fluid balance of the body and contribute to the body's immune system	106
4349472433	Nervous system	The system of brain, spinal cord, and nerves that govern sensation, movement, and thought	107
4349472434	Central nervous system	The brain and spinal cord	108
4349472435	Peripheral nervous system	The nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord	109
4349472436	Autonomic nervous system	The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions	110
4349472437	Digestive system	System by which food travels through the body and is digested, or broken down into absorbable forms	111
4349472438	Stomach	Muscular sac between the esophagus and the small intestine where digestion of food begins	112
4349472439	Small intestine	The muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum, which receives partially digested food from the stomach and continues digestion. Nutrients are absorbed by the body through its walls	113
4349472440	Large intestine	The muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from the small intestine and moves anything not absorbed by the body toward excretion from the body	114
4349472441	Liver	The largest organ of the body, which produces bile to assist in breakdown of fats and assists in the metabolism of various substances in the body	115
4349472442	Gallbladder	A sack on the underside of the liver that stores bile produced by the liver	116
4349472443	Pancreas	A gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in digestion of food in the duodenum of the small intestine	117
4349472444	Spleen	And organ located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen the acts as a blood filtrate Chin system and a reservoir for reserves of blood	118
4349472445	Appendix	It's small tube located near the junction of the small and large intestines in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, the function of which is not well understood. It's inflammation, called appendicitis, is a common cause of abdominal pain	119
4349472446	Skin	The layer of tissue between the body and the external environment	120
4349616105	Functions of the skin	Protection, water balance, temperature regulation, excretion, and shock (impact) absorption	121
4349472447	Epidermis	The outer layer of skin	122
4349472448	Dermis	The inner layer of skin, Rich and blood vessels and nerves, found beneath the epidermis	123
4349472449	Subcuntaneous layers	The layers of fat and soft tissue found below the dermis	124
4349472450	Endocrine system	System of glands that produce chemicals called hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions	125
4349472451	Insulin	The hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics	126
4349472452	Epinephrine	A hormone produced by the body. As a medication, it dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions	127
4349593062	Renal system	The body system that regulates fluid balance and the filtration of blood. Also called the urinary system	128
4349593063	Kidneys	Organs of the renal system used to filter blood and regulate fluid levels in the body	129
4349593064	Blatter	The round saclike organ of the renal system used as a reservoir for urine	130
4349593065	Ureters	The tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder	131
4349593066	Urethra	Tube connecting the bladder to the vagina or penis for excretion of urine	132
4349593067	Reproductive system	The buddy system that is responsible for human reproduction	133
4349593068	Testes	The mail organs of reproduction used for the production of sperm	134
4349593069	Penis	The organ of mail reproduction responsible for sexual intercourse and the transfer of sperm	135
4349593070	Ovaries	Big producing organs within the female reproductive system	136
4349593071	Uterus	Female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus	137
4349593072	Vagina	The female organ of reproduction used for both sexual intercourse and as an exit from the uterus for the fetus	138
4374449929	Structures of the muscularskeletal system	Bones, joints, muscles	139
4374449930	Structures of the respiratory system	Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx trachea, bronchial tubes tubes and lungs	140
4374449931	Structures of the cardiovascular system	Heart, arteries, veins	141
4374449932	Structures of the blood	Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets	142
4374449933	Structures of the lymphatic system	Tonsils and adenoids, thymus gland, spleen, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels	143
4374449934	Structures of the nervous system	Brain, spinal cord, nerves	144
4374449935	Structures of the digestive system	Oral cavity, Pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon) liver, gallbladder, pancreas	145
4374449936	Structures of the integumentary system	Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands	146
4374449937	Structures of the endocrine system	Pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus gland, adrenal gland's, pancreas, testes, ovaries	147
4374449938	Structures of the renal and urinary system	Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra	148
4374449939	Structures of the male reproductive system	Testes, epididymis, vas deferens, penis, seminal vesicles, prostate gland	149
4374449940	Structures of the female reproductive system	Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, Volva, breasts	150
4384285760	Which is the principle organ of the renal system? A) Kidney B) Bladder C) Ureter D) Urethra	A) Kidney	151
4384299410	What type of muscles control the size of the bronchioles in the lungs? A) Striated B) Skeletal C) Voluntary D) Smooth	D) Smooth	152
4384316229	Which of the following BEST describes the medical condition of shock? A) An extreme emotional reaction to a stressful event B) Hypotension C) A state of inadequate tissue perfusion D) Delayed capilary refill	B) Hypotension	153
4384329822	Which glands produce the oil that collects on the surface of the skin? A) Epilthelial B) Adipose C) Sebaceous D) Meissner's	C) Sebaceous	154
4384347662	The movement of oxygen into the cells, coupled with the removal of waste products, is refered to as: A) Ventilation B) Osmosis C) Diffusion D) Perfusion	D) Perfusion	155
4384356997	Oxygen aids in converting glucose into: A) ADP B) AMP C) ATP D) ACL	C) ATP	156
4384374103	If oxygen is not present in sufficient supply, the body will shift to: A) Anaerobic metabolism B) Aerobic metabolism C) mitochondrial metabolism D) differential metabolism	A) Anaerobic metabolism	157
4384391645	A condition that reduces the number of oxygen-carrying red blood cells is: A) Leukopenia B) Erythropoiesis C) Anemia D) Polycythemia	C) Anemia	158
4384437879	Which of the following characteristics of the pediatric airway makes children more susceptible to airway obstruction? A) Proportionally larger tounge B) Faster metobolic rate C) Cricoid ring that is smaller in size than the glottis opening D) A faster rate of consumption of oxygen than in the adult	A) Proportinally larger tounge	159
4384481568	Compared to adults, which of the following is TRUE about the respiratory system in children? A) The child's trachea is wider and less easily obstructed B) The child's trachea is more ridgid and longer C) The child's tounge takes up proportionally more space in the pharynx D) The child's tounge takes up proportionally less space in teh pharynx	C) The child's tounge takes up proportionally more space in the pharynx	160
4384520631	Why is it critical to manage swelling of the pediatric patient's airway? A) Because the rigidity of the pediatric patient's airway B) Becasue of the small diameter of the pediatric airway C) Because of the reduced oxygen demand in children D) Because the child's tounge is unlikely to cuase an airway obstruction	B) Becasue of the small diameter of the pediatric airway	161
4384541267	Oxygen-poor blood is pumped to the lungs from the right ventricle into the: A) Aorta B) Vena cava C) Pulmonary artery D) Pulmonary vein	C) Pulmonary artery	162
4384558109	Between the right atrium and right ventricle is the: A) Tricuspid valve B) Mitral valve C) Pulmonary valve D) Aortic arch	A) Tricuspid valve	163
4384573979	The blood supply for the heart itself is provided by the: A) cardiac arteries B) carotid arteries C) pulmonary arteries D) coronary arteries	D) coronary arteries	164
4384588863	The right atrium pumps blood to the: A) right ventricle B) left atrium C) left vetricle D) pulmonary valve	A) right ventricle	165
4384605672	The airway structure that leads from the trachea to the lungs is: A) larynx B) alveoli C) mainstem bronchus D) carina	C) mainstem bronchus	166
4384620941	The structure that contains the vocal cords is called the: A) epiglottis B) oropharynx C) pharynx D) larynx	D) larynx	167
4384632113	How many vertebrae make up the lumbar spine? A) 5 B) 12 C) 7 D) 4	A) 5	168
4384645480	The bones that form the structure of the cheeks are the: A) maxillae B) orbital bones C) manubrium D) zygomatic arches	D) zygomatic arches	169
4384665939	Which bones have the same name in the upper extremities as they do in the lower extremities? A) The phalanges B) The metatarsals C) The metacarpasl D) The tarsals	A) The phalanges	170
4384678729	The tube through which urine passes to be eliminated from the body is the: A) calyx B) ureter C) urethra D) loop of Henle	C) urethra	171
4384693241	The MOST superficial layer of skin is the: A) subcutaneous layer B) dermis C) epidermis D) cutaneous layer	C) epidermis	172
4384703543	Blood returns to the heart from the lungs by way of the: A) aorta B) pulmonary vein C) vena cava D) right heart	B) pulmonary vein	173
4384717113	At the base of the aortic artery, where it originates from the left ventricle, is the: A) tricuspid valve B) aortic valve C) pulmonary valve D) mitral valve	B) aortic valve	174
4384732419	At the base of the pulmonary artery in teh right ventricle is the: A) tricuspid valve B) pulmonary valve C) aortic valve D) mitral valve	B) pulmonary valve	175
4384745949	The lower part of the heart is called the: A) myocardium B) apex C) tip D) septum	B) apex	176
4384763763	Which of the following cardiovascular structures carries deoxygenated blood? A) Pulmonary artery B) Subclavian artery C) Innominate artery D) Aortic artery	A) Pulmonary artery	177
4384774721	The trachea is part of the: A) Alveoli B) esophagus C) upper airway D) lower airway	D) lower airway	178
4384783691	What is the name of the large thigh bone? A) Tibia B) Fibula C) Acetabulum D) Femur	D) Femur	179
4384804985	Urine is transported to the bladder by the: A) fallopian tube B) kidney C) ureter D) Urehtra	C) ureter	180
4384817299	The pulmonary veins are the only veins that carry: A) oxygen-poor blood B) capillary blood C) oxygen-rich blood D) cardiac blood	C) oxygen-rich blood	181
4384830064	Deoxygenated blood FIRST enters the heart's: A) right ventricle B) right atrium C) left ventricle D) left atrium	B) right atrium	182
4384840290	The upper chambers of the heart are known as the: A) sinus nodes B) ventricles C) septum D) atria	D) atria	183
4384854207	The tube tha carries inhaled air from the larynx down to the lungs is the: A) esophagus B) epiglottis C) bronchus D) trachea	D) trachea	184
4384870384	The occipital, parietal, temporal, and frontal bones are all parts of the: A) spinal column B) abdomen C) cranium D) rib cage	C) cranium	185
4384887459	The cervial spine is form by: A) the first seven vertebrae B) five fused vertebrae at the pelvis C) five vertebrae in the lower back D) twelve vertebrae inferior to the neck	A) the first seven vertebrae	186
4384902025	Which of the following is part of the cranium? A) Occiput B) Ischium C) Olecranon D) Patella	A) Occiput	187
4384927884	Which of the following is TRUE about inhalation? A) During inhalation, teh ribs move downward and inward, causing air to flow into the lungs B) The intercostal muscles relax, causing air to move into the lungs C) The diaphram contracts, bringing air into the lungs D) Muscles in the lungs cause them to expand and take in air	C) The diaphram contracts, bringing air into the lungs	188
4384943885	The fight-or-flight response is generally tied to the: A) voluntary nervous system B) parasympathetic nervous system C) sympathetic nervous system D) endocrine system	C) sympathetic nervous system	189
4384955704	Which of the following gland of the endocrine system is specific to the male? A) Pineal gland B) Testes C) Ovaries D) Thyroid gland	B) Testes	190
4384974897	Which of the following occurs in response to an increase in parasympathetic nervous system simulation? A) Increased heart rate B) Decreased digestion mobility C) Slowing of the heart rate D) Diminished salivation rate	C) Slowing of the heart rate	191
4385035771	Red blood cells: A) are essential to the formation of blood clots, which are necessary to stop bleeding B) are part of the body's immune system C) help defend against infection D) carry oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide away from cells	D) carry oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide away from cells	192
4385050117	What are the vessels that surround the alveoli in the lungs called? A) Arteries B) Capilaries C) Veins D) Axons	B) Capilaries	193
4385057199	How many layers does the skin have? A) Two B) Five C) Four D) Three	D) Three	194
4385115039	Which of the following occurs during normal expiration? A) The intercostal muscles contract, and the diaphram relax B) The intercostal muscles and diaphram contract C) The intercostal muscles relax, and the diaphram contracts D) The intercostal muscles and the diaphram relax	D) The intercostal muscles and the diaphram relax	195
4385129721	The system primarily responsible for ventilation is the: A) pulmonary system B) renal system C) cardiovacular system D) endocrine system	A) pulmonary system	196
4385146523	What organ of the body is responsible for filtering out substances in the bloodstream such as urea? A) Kidney B) Ureter C) Urethra D) Bladder	A) Kidney	197
4385202743	You are caring for a patient who was involved in a farming accident in which he was exposed to insecticides used on vegetables. You contact poison control center, which advises you the checmical will have significant parasympathetic effects on teh body. Which of the following clinical manifestations would you expect? A) The patient may experience significant hypertension B) The patient may experience excessive hyperglycemia C) The patient may experience significant hypotension D) The patient may experience heightened sensitivity	C) The patient may experience significant hypotension	198
4385221456	What effect does an increase in parasympathetic stimulus have on the cardiovascular system? A) Slowing of the heart rate B) Stronger contraction of the heart muscle C) Increased heart rate D) Faster blood flow	A) Slowing of the heart rate	199
4385232574	Which of the following is part of teh female reproductive system? A) Vas deferens B) Urethra C) Fallopian tubes D) Testes	C) Fallopian tubes	200
4385243845	The tonsils, thymus, and spleen are components of the: A) integumentary system B) digestive system C) lymphatic system D) nervous system	C) lymphatic system	201
4385256095	The ribs move downward and inward and the diaphram rises during: A) inhalation B) exhalation C) agonal gasps D) inspiration	B) exhalation	202
4385276625	What occurs when the autonomic nervous system is stimulated by stressors, resulting in a fight-or-flight reaction? A) Pupils constrict B) Bronchioles constrict C) Heart rate decreases D) Peripheral blood vessels constrict	D) Peripheral blood vessels constrict	203
4385290280	Which vessels transport blood from the tissues back to the heart? A) Arteries B) Veins C) Nodes D) Capillaries	B) Veins	204
4385308714	Which of the following causes inhalation? A) Diaphram rises and the ribs move upward and outward B) Intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract C) Diaphram rises and teh ribs move downward and inward D) Intercostal muscles and teh diaphram relax	B) Intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract	205
4385319804	Which types of muscle allows for movement such as running or throwing a baseball? A) Involuntary B) Nonstriated C) Red D) Voluntary	D) Voluntary	206
4385351044	Which division of the nervous system carries sensory information to the spinal cord and motor information away from the spinal cord? A) Epidural nervous system B) Peripheral nervous system C) Central nervous system D) Distal nervous system	B) Peripheral nervous system	207
4385369606	The skeletal system protects the internal organs and provides the ability to: A) increase blood pressure B) stand erect C) ventilate during sleep D) regulate sleep cycles	B) stand erect	208
4385380544	Which of the followig glands secrete epinephrine into the blood stream? A) Pineal B) Adrenal C) Pituitary D) Thyroid	B) Adrenal	209
4385395974	Which of the following glands of the endocrine system is specific to the female A) Testes B) Thyroid C) Ovaries D) Pineal	C) Ovaries	210
4385423960	Which layer of skin contains the MOST glands, nerves, and blood vessels? A) Dermal layer B) Keratinized layer C) Epidermal layer D) Subcutaneous layer	A) Dermal layer	211
4385434857	Bile is created in which organ of the digestive system? A) Gallblader B) Spleen C) Liver D) Small intestine	C) Liver	212
4385451827	What two divisions of the nervous system help to control the size of teh blood vessels? A) Voluntary and cerebellar B) Parasympathetic and sympathetic C) Sympathetic and antisympathetic D) Autonomic and voluntary	B) Parasympathetic and sympathetic	213
4385465758	The brachial arteries supply blood to the: A) legs B) kidneys C) arms D) skull	C) arms	214
4385469382	What is an exmaple of the ball-and-socket joint? A) Knee B) Elbow C) Hip D) Ankle	C) Hip	215
4385491966	Functions of teh skeletal system include: A) carrying sensory information to and from the brain B) protecting the body from the environment and foreign organisms C) filtering and excreting wastes D) allowing for movement	D) allowing for movement	216
4385501304	Components of the male reproductive system include: A) ovaries B) urethra C) fallopian tubes D) Testes	D) Testes	217
4385511236	The kidneys and vital components of the: A) endocrine system B) digestive system C) urinary system D) reproductive system	C) urinary system	218
4385539471	The thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and gonads are part of the: A) urinary system B) reproductive system C) endocrine system D) digestive system	C) endocrine system	219
4385564757	An insufficient supply of oxygen to the cells and inadequate elimination of carbon dioxide and wastes from cells result in a condition known as: A) hypotension B) hypovolemia C) hyperfusion D) hypofusion	D) hypofusion	220
4385582089	The cricoid cartilage is: A) an airway structure B) a cardiac structure C) a thoracic structure D) an abdominal structure	A) an airway structure	221
4385622497	The set of neural tracts in the brain that must be functioning to allow consciousness to occur is know as the: A) hypothalamus B) cranial nerve C) reticular activating system D) somatic nerves	C) reticular activating system	222
4385636922	The only completely circular cartilaginous ring of the airway is the: A) meniscal cartilage B) thyroid cartilage C) laryngeal cartilage D) cricoid cartilage	D) cricoid cartilage	223
4385651988	Automaticity, the ability to generate an impulse on its own, is a property of: A) involuntary muscle B) cardiac muscle C) skeletal muscle D) smooth muscle	B) cardiac muscle	224

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Emergency Care 13th Edition Chapter 5 Flashcards

Key terms from chapter 5 covering medical terminology.

Terms : Hide Images

3768314143	Abdominal Quadrants	Four divisions of the abdomen used to pinpoint the location of pain or injury.	0
3768314144	Anatomic Position	The standard reference position for the body in the study of anatomy. In this position, the body is standing erect, facing the observer, with arms down at the sides and the palms of the hands forward.	1
3768314145	Anatomy	The study of body structure.	2
3768314146	Anterior	The front of the body or body part.	3
3768314147	Bilateral	On both sides.	4
3768314148	Combining Form	A word root with an added vowel that can be joined with other words, roots, or suffixes to form a new word.	5
3768314149	Compound	A word formed from two or more whole words.	6
3768314150	Distal	Farthest away from the torso.	7
3768314151	Dorsal	Referring to the back of the body or the back of the hand or foot. Synonym to posterior.	8
3768314152	Fowler Position	A sitting position.	9
3768314153	Inferior	Away from the head, usually compared with another structure that is closer to the head. (e.g. the lips are inferior to the nose.)	10
3768314154	Lateral	To the side, away from the midline of the body.	11
3768314155	Medial	Toward the midline of the body.	12
3768314156	Mid-axillary Line	A line vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle.	13
3768314157	Mid-clavicular Line	A line drawn through the center of each clavicle.	14
3768314158	Midline	An imaginary line drawn down the enter of the body dividing it into right and left halves.	15
3768314159	Palmar	referring to the palm of the hand.	16
3768314160	Physiology	The study of body functions.	17
3768314161	Plane	A flat surface formed when slicing through a solid object.	18
3768314162	Plantar	Referring to the sole of the foot.	19
3768314163	Posterior	The back of the body or body part.	20
3768314164	Prefix	Word part added to the beginning of a root or word to modify or quantify its meaning.	21
3768314165	Prone	Lying face down.	22
3768314166	Proximal	Closer to the torso.	23
3768314167	Recovery Position	Lying on the side. Also known as lateral recumbent position.	24
3768314168	Root	Foundation of a word that is not a word that can stand on its own. (i.e. cardi)	25
3768314169	Suffix	Word part added to the end of a root or word to complete its meaning. (i.e. -itis)	26
3768314170	Superior	Toward the head.	27
3768314171	Supine	Lying on the back.	28
3768314172	Torso	The trunk of the body, or the body without the head and the extremities.	29
3768314173	Unilateral	Limited to one side	30
3768314174	Ventral	Referring to the front of the body. Synonym to anterior.	31
3768314175	Behind the nose.	Postnasal	32
3768314176	Inflammation of the stomach.	Gastritis	33
3768314177	The study of the nervous system.	Neurology	34
3768314178	Inflammation of the liver.	Hepatitis	35
3768314179	Fast heart.	Tachycardia	36
3768314180	Slow breathing.	Bradypnea	37
3768314181	Inflammation of the nerves.	Neuritis	38
3768314182	Broncho/pulmo	Lungs, root.	39
3768314183	Cardi	Heart, root.	40
3768314184	Gastro	Stomach, root	41
3768314185	Hepat	Liver, root	42
3768314186	Neur	Nerve, root	43
3768314187	Nas	Nose/nasal, root	44
3768314188	Or	Oral/mouth, root	45
3768314189	Pneumo	Air or lungs, root	46
3768314190	Ab-	Away from	47
3768314191	Ad-	Toward or near	48
3768314192	Ante-	before	49
3768314193	Brady-	Slow/before normal	50
3768314194	Contra-	Against	51
3768314195	Dys-	Difficult or painful	52
3768314196	Hyper-	Above normal, high	53
3768314197	Hypo-	Below normal, low	54
3768314198	Inter-	Between	55
3768314199	Peri-	Around	56
3768314200	Poly-	Many	57
3768314201	Post-	After	58
3768314202	Pre-	Before	59
3768314203	Super/supra	Above or in excess	60
3768314204	Tachy-	Above normal, rapid	61
3768314205	Uni-	One	62
3768314206	-ac	Pertaining to, hemopheliac	63
3768314207	-algia	Pain	64
3768314208	-itis	Inflammation	65
3768314209	-ology	The study of	66
3768314210	-plegia	Paralysis	67
3768314211	-pnea	Breathing	68
3768314212	-rrhea	Discharge	69
3768314213	-spasm	Contraction	70
3768314214	-al	Pertaining to	71
3768314215	-ist	One who specializes in, Cardiologist	72
3768317854	Right Upper Quadrant (contains which organs)	Liver, Right Kidney, Colon, Pancreas, Gallbladder	73
3768322062	Left Upper Quadrant (contains which organs)	Liver, Spleen, Left Kidney, Stomach, Colon, Pancreas	74
3768326149	Right Lower Quadrant (contains which organs)	Right Kidney, Colon, Small Intestines, Major artery and vein to the right leg, Ureter, Appendix	75
3768330605	Left Lower Quadrant (contains which organs)	Left Kidney, Colon, Small Intestines, Major artery and vein to the left leg, Ureter	76
3768364778	Semi-Fowler	Leaning back in a semi-sitting position	77