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AP Language: Language Vocab Flashcards

3015155766	Abtruse	Difficult to understand	0
3015155767	Artificial	A language invented for a specific purpose and based on a set of prescribed rules; not genuine or natural	1
3015163486	Bombastic	Speech or writing marked by an extravagance or affectation of style that the content does not warrant; grandiloquent or pompous	2
3015174426	Colloquial	Characteristic of or appropriate to the spoken language or to writing that seeks the effect of speech; informal	3
3015178476	Concrete	Of or relating to an actual, specific thing or instance; particular	4
3015182765	Connotative	Suggest or imply in addition to a literal meaning; words with suggested or associated meanings	5
3015188060	Cultured	Educated, polished, and refined	6
3015189989	Detached	Marked by an absence of emotional involvement and an impersonal objectivity	7
3015192535	Diatribe	A bitter, abusive denunciation	8
3015201770	Eloquence	A form of persuasion involving word choices based on moving an audience	9
3015204476	Emotive / Emotional	A strong feeling that arises subjectively rather than through conscious effort	10
3015208075	Esoteric	Intended for or understood by only a particular group, restricted number of people	11
3015212248	Euphemistic	Substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive	12
3015222544	Exact	Strictly and completely in accord with fact; not deviating from truth or reality	13
3015225738	Figurative	Based on or making use of figures of speech; metaphorical	14
3015229733	Grotesque	Characterized by ludicrous or incongruous distortion as of appearance or manner	15
3015234354	Homespun	Simple and homely; pretentiousness	16
3015237977	Idiomatic	Peculiar to or characteristic of a given language or a particular group of people	17
3015242753	Incongruous	Lacking in harmony; incompatible and inconsistent	18
3015247035	Insipid	Lacking favor or zest; dull	19
3015251437	Jargon	A hybrid language or dialogue; a pidgin (nonsensical, incoherent, or meaningless language)	20
3015275408	Learned	Demonstrating profound, often systematic knowledge; erudite	21
3015279399	Literal	Conforming to the exact or primary meaning of a word or words; factual	22
3015283292	Moralistic	Characterized by displaying the quality of being in accord with standards of right and good conduct	23
3015288489	Obscure	Not readily noticed or seen; ambiguous and vague	24
3015305020	Pedantic	Characterized by a narrow, often ostentatious concern for book learning and formal rules	25
3015307280	Picturesque	Strikingly expressive or vivid	26
3015309540	Plain	Not elaborate or complicated; simple; unaffected and unpretentious	27
3015312726	Poetic	Having a quality or style characteristic of poetry	28
3015316481	Precise	Clearly expressed or delineated	29
3015381288	Pretentious	Marked by an extravagant outward show; ostentatious	30
3015383075	Provincial	Not fashionable or sophisticated; limited in perspective	31
3015385553	Schmaltzy	Of or marked by excessive or maudlin sentimentality	32
3015388287	Scholarly	Characteristic of knowledge resulting from a study of research (in a particular field)	33
3015392458	Sensuous	Appealing to a gratifying of the senses (aesthetics)	34
3015400489	Simple	Not involved or complicated	35
3015400490	Slang	A kind of language occurring chiefly in casual and playful speech; made up typically of short-lived coinages and figures of speech that are used deliberately in place of standard terms for added raciness, humor, irreverence, or other affect; (language peculiar to a group)	36
3015412199	Symbolic	Expressed by the representations of something else by association, resemblance, or convention	37
3015416699	Trite	Lacking power to evoke interest through overuse or repetition; hackneyed	38
3015420103	Vulgar	Deficient in taste, delicacy, or refinement; crudely indecent	39

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AP Literature Terms Flashcards

100 terms to know by test day! You're welcome. ;)

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3270342496	Alliteration	the repetition of usually initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words or syllables.	0
3270342497	Allusion	the act of making an indirect reference to something most people know, usually in literature. Sometimes the allusions are to biblical references; some times the allusions are more modern, like to a piece of literature or some element of pop culture.	1
3270342498	Analogy	A comparison of two like things. Format. [word 1] : [word 2] : : [word 3] : [word 4]	2
3270342499	Anaphora	Repetition of a word or word pattern at the start of at least two sentences, or lines in a row.	3
3270342500	Antithesis	The contrast of ideas by use of parallel arrangement of words, clauses or phrases (Ex. To err is human, to forgive divine)	4
3270342501	Aphorism	A brief, usually concise statement or observation of a doctrine, principle, truth, or sentiment.	5
3270342502	Assonance	is the repetition of vowel sounds in words which are near each other in a line or line which then creates an internal rhyme and bounce to the sounds.	6
3270342503	Cacaphony	A harsh, discordant mixture of sounds	7
3270342504	Colloquialism	A word or phrase known through the general population and used in everyday speech, however not used in formal speech or writing.	8
3270342505	Conceit	an extended metaphor or imagery used to designate a fanciful and ingenious notion or conception, usually expressed through an elaborate analogy, and pointing to a striking parallel between two seemingly dissimilar things	9
3270342506	Connotation	The associated or secondary meaning of a work or expression in addition to its explicit or primary meaning.	10
3270342507	Denotation	The explicit or direct meaning of a word or expression, as distinguished from the ideas or meanings associated with it or suggested by it	11
3270342508	Consonance	A form of alliteration in which a singular consonant sound is repeated within close proximity; the sounds can be adjacent to one another or more spread out within the same sentence.	12
3270342509	Dialect	language distinguished from other varieties of the same language by features of phonology, grammar, and vocabulary.	13
3270342510	Diction	The use and choice of words in writing, that colors the piece as a whole. Mood and tone is affected by diction.	14
3270342511	Hyperbole	an extravagant statement or figure of speech not intended to be taken literally	15
3270342512	Imagery	Visual, Auditory, Tactile, Olfactory, and Gustatory. is when language is used to create a certain feeling, understanding, or, for lack of a better word, image in someone's mind.	16
3270342513	Metaphor	A figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance	17
3270342515	Onomatopoeia	A figure of speech in which words are meant to imitate sounds.	18
3270342518	Parallelism	Parallelism is the similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses.	19
3270342519	Personification	It is when an Inanimate object or animal; is given human qualities or characteristics.	20
3270342520	1st Person	The narrator is a character in the story (uses pronouns I, me, we, us)	21
3270342521	2nd Person	The narrator is describing your actions or characteristics. (Use of the pronoun "you")	22
3270342522	3rd Person	The narrator is not a part of the story (uses pronouns he, she, they, them)	23
3270342523	3rd person limited	narrator is outside the action and narration is restricted to one persons thoughts, feelings	24
3270342524	Refrain	The repetition of phrases at set intervals	25
3270342525	Rhetorical Questions	questions to which EVERYONE knows the answer to which NO ONE is expecting an answer	26
3270342526	Simile	the comparison of two unlike items, usually, joined by "like, as, or in some cases, than."	27
3270342527	Syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning that includes a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion draw from both together. Very generally, a syllogism works from the following formula: if A equals B, and if B equals C, then A equals C.	28
3270342528	Symbol	When something in literature is used to represent or objectify another idea.	29
3270342529	Understatement	the action of presenting something in weak way that does not represent the actual characteristics of the object or situation being described, or understating something.	30
3270342530	Allegory	a prose or poetic narrative in which the characters, behavior, and even the setting demonstrates multiple levels of meaning and significance - often this is a universal symbol or personified abstraction (Death personified as the black-cloaked "grim reaper" carrying scythe and an hourglass). Another example is the Old Testament story of the "Prodigal Son," which has come to represent anyone who leaves family and friends for a time, then returns to the fold.	31
3270342531	Ambiguity	a word or expression that can be understood in two or more possible ways. Usually in sentences with many verbs modifying nouns and it is not specific to which verb is modifying which noun.	32
3270342533	Cautionary Tale	A story with a straightforward plot that serves to warn about possible dangers or teaches lessons.	33
3270342534	Coherence	Sentences, paragraphs, or essays that posess clear relevance to each other.	34
3270342535	Digression	A literary device in which the author creates a temporary departure from the main subject or narrative in order to focus on a related matter	35
3270342536	Discursive	Moving from topic to topic; rambling	36
3270342537	Dramatic Irony	The irony occurring when the implications of a situation, speech, etc., are understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play	37
3270342538	Euphemism	A mild word of phrase which substitutes for another which would be undesirable because it is too direct, unpleasant, or offensive. (Ex. "He had a negative patient outcome" instead of "He died")	38
3270342539	Foil	a character in fiction whose traits accentuate another character's opposing traits.	39
3270342540	Idiom	a speech form or an expression of a given language that is peculiar to itself grammatically or cannot be understood from the individual meanings of its elements (Ex. "He has a chip on his shoulder.")	40
3270342542	Juxtaposition	two things are placed near together to show either a similarity or a stark contras	41
3270342543	Litotes	understatement, especially that in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of its contrary. (Ex. "I am not unaware that" to show that you are fully aware - or "I was not a little upset" to show that you couldn't be more upset.	42
3270342545	Non-sequitor	A statement containing an illogical conclusion	43
3270342546	Parable	A parable is a story that is. told to teach some religious, moral, or truthful lesson. Parables are usually short and fictitious	44
3270342547	Pedantry	An ostentatious and inappropriate display of learning.	45
3270342549	Shift/Transition	A shift or transition is a change in movement or mood by the speaker exemplifying a possible epiphany.	46
3270342550	Situational Irony	irony involving a situation in which actions have an effect that is opposite from what was intended, so that the outcome is contrary to what was expected	47
3270342551	Tenets	a belief or principle of a given subject	48
3270342552	Theme	a main idea or an underlying meaning of a literary work that may be stated directly or indirectly.	49
3270342554	Tongue-in-Cheek	A phrase used as a figure of speech to imply that a statement or other production is humorously intended and it should not be taken at face value. The facial expression typically indicates that one is joking or making a mental effort	50
3270342556	Anti-Hero	a main character in literature who doesn't fulfill the characteristics of an ideal hero	51
3270342557	Carpe Diem	seize the day - meaning don't waste your life, act now!	52
3270342558	Comedy	is the genre in which the intent of the work is to induce hilarity. It is not necessarily satirical in nature and is often written to stress certain attributes of characters or exaggerate situations. Comedies usually end happily.	53
3270342559	Epigram	A poem or what could be paradoxical saying that humorously, but pointedly addresses a subject and ends in a sudden turn of thought. "Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere."—Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.	54
3270342560	Epithet	the short poetic name that uses an adjective (like young) and the actual characters name (like Mary).	55
3270342561	Farce	is a humorous or witty work, the plot depends on an entertaining situation instead of the development of characters	56
3270342562	Homily	Sermon	57
3270342563	Modernism	The period was marked by sudden and unexpected breaks with traditional ways of viewing and interacting the world. Experimentation and individualism became virtues"	58
3270342564	Monologue	"A prolonged talk or discourse by a single speaker, especially one dominating or monopolizing a conversation."	59
3270342565	Narrative	a "story or account of events, experiences, or the like, whether true or fictious."	60
3270342566	Naturalism	The term naturalism describes a type of literature that attempts to apply scientific principles of objectivity and detachment to its study of human beings. Unlike realism which focuses on literary technique naturalism implies a philosophical position	61
3270342568	Parody	a satiric imitation of a work or of an author with the idea of ridiculing the author, his ideas or work	62
3270342569	Post Modernism	relies on concrete experience over abstract principles, knowing always that the outcome of one's own experience will necessarily be fallible and relative, rather than certain and universal	63
3270342570	Pun	humorous use of a word or phrase so as to emphasize or suggest its different meanings or applications	64
3270342571	Realism	A style of writing that began in the late 19th century and early 20th century. It characterized life in terms of real, believable experiences and hardships rather than romanticized versions of life. It used verisimilitude, the appearance of being real or true.	65
3270342572	Romanticism	focused on the metaphysical and mysterious aspect of nature and praised it for its innate beauty, unlike the scientists of the enlightenment that would simply try to quantify and classify nature into neat categories.	66
3270342573	Satire	a style of writing or art that uses humor or sarcasm to criticize or ridicule it's subject	67
3270342574	Petrarchan Sonnet:	also called Italian sonnet, properly expressive of a single, complete thought, idea, or sentiment, of 14 lines, divided into an octave (8 lines) and a sestet (6 lines)	68
3270342575	Stream of Conciousness	A method of writing characterized by a flow of thoughts, words, or images, sometimes seemingly unconnected. This type of writing often carries the reader through the thoughts and experiences of more than one character.	69
3270342576	Tragedy	a play in which the main characters experience a series of unfortunate events. Example: Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet, in which the two main characters pursue a hopeless romance that ends with their deaths.	70
3270342577	Tragic Hero	as a great virtuous character with a fatal flaw that brings about his destined downfall	71
3270342578	Travesty	in literature, the treatment of a noble and dignified subject in an inappropriately trivial manner.	72
3270342579	Truism	is a blatantly obvious statement, usually used to emphasize a connected idea.	73
3270345385	Villanelle	a verse form consisting of 19 lines divided into 6 stanzas - 5 tercets (3-lined stanza) and one quatrain (4-lined stanza). The 1st and 3rd line of the 1st tercet rhyme - this is repeated through the next 4 tercets and the last two lines of the concluding quatrain.	74
3270349867	Tone	the attitude a literary work takes toward its subject and theme. Tone reflects the narrator's attitude.	75
3270356930	iambic	a metrical foot in poetry that consists of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. (Ex. Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?)	76
3270357970	iambic pentameter	five iambs (10 syllables) unstressed followed by stressed syllables. Shakespeare wrote all of his sonnets in iambic pentameter. (Ex. Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?)	77
3270363609	Trochaic	a metrical foot in poetry opposite an iamb - the first syllable is stressed, the second is not. (Ex. By the shores of Gitchee Gumee / By the shining Big-Sea-Water...)	78
3270367827	Terza rima	verse form consisting of three-lined stanzas in which the 2nd line of each stanza rhymes with the 1st and 3rd of the next. (Rhyme scheme: a,b,a b,c,b c,d,c...)	79
3270369520	Synecdoche	when a part is used to signify a whole (Ex. All hands on deck! "Hands" stands for the whole of the sailors)	80
3270372515	Speaker	the person, not necessarily the author, who is the voice of the poem	81
3270374071	Paradox	a statement that seems contradictory but may actually be true (Hamlet: "I must be cruel to be kind.")	82
3270376243	Oxymoron	a figure of speech that combines two apparently contradictory elements, sometimes resulting in a humorous image or statement (Ex. jumbo shrimp; deafening silence; baggy tights)	83
3270377603	Ode	a lyric poem that is somewhat serious in subject and treatment, is elevated in style, and written to praise and exalt a person, characteristic, quality, or object. (Ex. Poe's "To Helen," or Keats's "Ode to a Nightingale")	84
3270378909	Motif	a recurrent device, formula, or situation that often serves as a signal for the appearance of a character or event. (Ex. In The Great Gatsby, the recurring image, or motif, of the color green is found throughout the novel)	85
3270381184	Metonymy	a figure of speech in which an attribute or commonly associated feature is used to name or designate something as in "The White House announced today..." or "The pen is mightier than the sword." ("Pen" stands for publishing - and can be extended to all media - and "sword" stands for military)	86
3270383962	In media res	"in the midst of things" - refers to opening a story in the middle of the action	87
3270384684	Enjambment	the continuation of a sentence from one line or couplet of a poem to the next (Example: Oh, may I join in the choir invisible/ Of those immortal dead who live again/ In minds made better by their presence; live/ In pulses stirred to generosity.	88
3270396191	Asyndeton	a style in which conjunctions are omitted, usually producing a fast-paced, more rapid prose. (Ex. "I came, I saw, I conquered.")	89
3270403216	Verbal Irony	when what is said is the opposite of what is meant (often displayed as sarcasm)	90
3270406381	Shakespearean Sonnet	also called an English sonnet - 14 lines divided into three quatrains (4-lined stanzas) and a final couplet (2 lines). Usual rhyme scheme: abab, cdcd, efef, gg.	91
3270413834	Masculine Rhyme	the final, stressed syllable in the words rhyme. Example: cat and rat; toy and destroy.	92
3270414572	Feminine Rhyme	the next-to-last syllable makes a rhyming sound with the next-to-last syllable from the other word. The last syllables in both words sound exactly the same. Examples: label and table; sleeping and creeping; pony and macaroni	93
3270418721	Chiasmus	a figure of speech by which the order of the terms in the first of two parallel clauses is reversed in the second (this may involve a repetition of the same words). Ex. "Pleasure's a sin, and sometimes sin's a pleasure" - Byron	94
3270422716	Elegy	a poetic lament upon the death of a particular person, usually ending in consolation.	95
3270430701	Polysyndeton	a stylistic device in which several coordinating conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) are used in succession in order to achieve an artistic effect. (Ex. ... and it was dark and there was water standing in the street and no lights or windows broke and boats all up in the town and trees blown down and everything all blown and....")	96
3270433889	Pastoral	poems set in an idealized countryside inhabited by handsome shepherds and beautiful nymphs who are naïve and innocent yet express themselves with poetic sophistication	97
3270446444	3rd person omniscient	narrator is outside of the action and narration includes thoughts and feelings of multiple characters	98
3270447663	zeugma	from Greek "yoking" or "bonding", is a figure of speech in which a word, usually a verb or an adjective, applies to more than one noun, blending together grammatically and logically different ideas. (Ex. "John lost his coat and his temper." The verb "lost" applies to both nouns - "coat" and "temper")	99

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AP Language Vocabulary Flashcards

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4753826393	Ad Hominem Argument	An argument that appeals to angry emotions rather than logic and often involves personal attacks on someone. "Of course Senator Claghorn's idea is bad, what do you expect from a socialist who smoked marijuana in high school."	0
4753829306	Alliteration	The repetition of initial consonant sounds.	1
4753831244	Allusion	A reference to something that is commonly known, usually it is to a work of art, literature, culture or history.	2
4753837565	Ambiguity	Something that can have several meanings.	3
4753838753	Anaphora	The repetition of a word or expression at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, sentences, or verses especially for rhetorical or poetic effect- "we cannot dedicate- we cannot consecrate-we cannot hallow-this ground"- Abraham Lincoln	4
4753844921	Anastrophe	The inversion of the usual syntactical order of words for rhetorical effect (sometimes known as Yoda speech)- "Intelligent she was not. In fact, she veered in the opposite direction." - Max Schulman	5
4753851185	Antithesis	A figure of speech that involves a seeming contradiction of ideas. Ex: Shes's too pretty to date and too nice not to ask out." or "He's too sinned for Heaven and too pure for Hell."	6
4753854788	Aphorism	A short statement that expresses a general truth or moral principle. Ex: When decorating, Less is more. Hindsight is always 20/20.	7
4753856759	Claim	A key part of an argument that states the truth of something, often followed by evidence. "School should be year round so that students don't loose so much over the summer."	8
4753861032	Colloquialism	Slang or informal expression- they often include local or regional dialects (Ain't, Yinz, Yall, Youse, An At, Fixin to, etc.)	9
4753863808	Connotation	The implied, suggested meaning of a word.	10
4753865529	Denotation	The strict literal meaning of the word. (Dictionary definition)	11
4753865983	Diction	Relates to a writer's style, in particular their specific choice of individual words.	12
4753867377	Didactic	A piece of writing that tends to be teaching or instructing.	13
4753869577	Epistrophe	The repetition of a word or expression at the end of successive phrases, clauses, sentences, or verses especially for rhetorical or poetic effect. - "of the people, by the people, for the people" -Abraham Lincoln	14
4753873725	Euphemism	More pleasant sounding words used for unpleasant words or concepts. They can often be funny - Passed Away, blowing chunks, follically challenged.	15
4753879652	Figurative Language	Language which does not carry a literal meaning- Hyperbole, Irony, Metaphor, Oxymoron, Personification, Simile.	16
4753885785	Honorific Language	Words that normally convey a positive connotation. "It was a pleasant and breezy summer afternoon." Pleasant and breezy are honorific words conveying a positive experience of the summer day.	17
4753889034	Hyperbole	Exaggerated (often wildly exaggerated) speech or writing. "Words cannot express how glorious and inspiring it was to read the owner's manual."	18
4753894421	Imagery	The sensory details used in a passage to describe, arouse an emotional response or represent abstract ideas.	19
4753899615	Inference/infer	Drawing a reasonable conclusion from the information presented. If a question asks you to draw an inference from a passage, the most direct, safest answer is the best bet.	20
4753904935	Juxtaposition	Placing items, descriptions, or ideas close together especially for comparison or contrast. Mr. Lindeman asked us what kind of adult do we want to be. As he did so he had juxtaposed the pictures of Sally Ride with Bernie Madoff behind him on the Smart Board.	21
4753913951	Metaphor	A comparison between two unlike things that does not use the words, "like' or "as" "Her sun bright smile was captivating."	22
4753916931	Narrative	Writing that involves the telling of a story. Narratives can be fiction or non-fiction.	23
4753922924	Oxymoron	Mutually contradictory words or phrases often linked to make a point. - Deafening silence - Honest politician - business ethics, etc.	24
4753932339	Paradox	A statement that appears to be contradictory. In Macbeth, the witches say, "Fair is foul and foul is fair."	25
4753934702	Parallelism (parallel structure)	Repeating words, phrases, parts of sentences, or parts of paragraphs to create a structural similarity or rhetorical cohesion. Martin Luther King was famous for his effective use of parallel structure-"I have a dream..."	26
4753938999	Pedantic	Describes a tone that is overly scholarly, academic, bookish.	27
4753940934	Pejorative Language	Words which normally convey a negative connotation. "The wind howled on that dark and dreary fall afternoon." Howled, dark, and dreary are pejorative words suggesting a negative experience of the autumn day.	28
4753949769	Periodic Sentences	Sentences that contain numerous clauses but the meaning of the sentence cannot be understood until the last clause is read: "To believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private heart is true for all men, that is genius."	29
4753955375	Personification	Giving human characteristics to non-human things. "Disaster was waiting for me at every turn." "The cool, clean pool tempted me to take a swim."	30
4753960803	Point of View	Describes the speaker of a story- 1st person, 2nd person, and 3rd person (limited or omniscient.)	31
4753978043	Prose	Writing that is not poetic or dramatic. Prose is what we read most of the time in novels, text books and novels.	32
4753980356	Redundancy	A word, phrase, etc., that repeats something else already stated or implied and is therefore unnecessary, superfluous repetition- Irregardless, Modern Contemporary history, Charming Mr. Carlin, Bright sun, Dark cave, Straight line.	33
4753990730	Rhetorical Appeal	The persuasive device used by a writer to influence his audience. This refers to Logos, Ethos or Pathos arguments.	34
4753993881	Rhetorical mode Exposition	Writing to explain and analyze.	35
4753994957	Rhetorical mode Argumentation	Writing to prove an idea or point of view. Presents sound reasoning, thoughtful discussion and insightful argument. Persuasion is one of the most common forms of argumentation.	36
4754001638	Rhetorical mode Description	Writing which describes a scene, thing, place or idea. Intended to create mental images for the reader.	37
4754003906	Rhetorical mode Narration	Writing that takes the form of a story.	38
4754006739	Rhetorical Strategies	Types and/or approaches a writer employs when making an argument. They may include strategies such as: Religious Appeals, Appeals to Personal beliefs, Emotional appeals, Use of Parallelism, Repetition, Personal Stories, Anecdotes, even heavy use of statistics.	39
4754013023	Simile	A comparison between unlike things using the words "like" or "as": "The overcooked brisket was as stringy as a miser's heart." USE CAUTION HERE! the AP loves to ask simile questions about sentences that are not similes but use the words "like" or "as".	40
4754019291	Subject Verb Inversion	Sentences in which the verb appears before the subject. They are often identified by opening a sentence with the phrase, There are: There are farmhouses which dot the landscape of the Shenandoah Valley.	41
4754023035	Syllogism	A deductive system of logic that that involves a series of statements that lead to a logical conclusion. Some syllogisms are based on unfair or false premises and lead to incorrect conclusions. All Men are mortal. Mr. Hewitt is a man. Mr. Hewitt is mortal. Killer dogs have long teeth. My dog has long teeth. My dog is a killer dog.	42
4754028570	Syntax	The arrangement of words in a sentence. This can involve short, brief direct sentences or long complex sentences. This can also involve the type of sentences- questions, exclamations, declarative, etc.	43
4754031737	Understatement	Presents something as less important than it is, often used for comic effect. Someone after receiving the news that they had won 75 million dollars in the lottery says, "I've had worse days than this."	44
5018414110	Degree	If one thing is good or bad than more or less of it must be better or worse. {If an 18 year old can die for his country in war then they should be allowed to buy alcohol.}	45
5018414111	Analogies	A complex or extended comparison. {Allowing a teenager to vote is like hiring a blind man to paint your house.}	46
5018460951	Precedent	When some event, action or ruling has created a standard expectation. {Once we allow one student to wear a hoodie, than we must all to wear hoodies.}	47
5018460952	Arguments of definition	Arguments about the nature of things. {Is golf a sport?}	48
5022824211	Cause and effect	An argument in which the writer/speaker claims that an action or event (cause) leads directly (or sometimes indirectly) to an outcome. {Franklin's consumption of large amounts of soda led to his development of juvenile diabetes.}	49
5022824212	Slippery slope arguments	An argumentation in which a speaker/writer suggests that if we start a new program that it will inevitably lead to a series of responses which eventually result in a terrible outcome. {Direct TV commercial}	50
5051353446	Syllogistic argument	An argument in which a line of reasoning leads to a reasonably logical conclusion. Can be negative OR positive outcomes. {Spending tax dollars on infrastructure will help boost the economy and eventually reduce the deficit.}	51
5051353447	Reductio Ad Absurdum	A form of argument in which a proposition is disproven by following its implications; usually like arguments of degree but more extreme. {If a glass of wine a night is good for one's heart, why not drink a gallon every night?}	52

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Figurative Language- AP Prep Flashcards

One meaning of the word "figure" is "image" or "picture." Figurative language creates pictures in the mind of the reader. These figures help convey meaning and understanding faster and more vividly than words alone. We use "figures of speech" in figurative language to color and interest, and to awaken the imagination. Figurative language is everywhere, from classical works by Shakespeare and the Bible to everyday speech. It is even in tons of pop music, television shows, and commercials.

Figurative language is the opposite of literal language, which mean exactly what it says.

Example: He ran fast. (literal)
He ran like the wind. (figurative)

Works Cited- www.englishclub.com

Terms : Hide Images

6549807359	Personification	Using human characteristics to describe non-human things (objects, animals) Example sentence: The delicious bread danced in my stomach.	0
6549807360	Metaphor	Comparison between two unrelated things NOT using words such as "like" or "as"- an assertion that one thing IS another thing Example: How could she marry that snake?	1
6549807361	Onomatopoeia	Word that imitates a sound BANG!	2
6549807362	Imagery	Descriptive language that creates a picture in one's mind while reading Example: The busy squirrels ran through the lush, green trees, chasing acorns and packing them away for colder days.	3
6549807363	Hyperbole	Gross over-exaggeration for emphasis/effect Example sentence: I've said that a million times.	4
6549807364	Alliteration	Repetition of beginning consonant sounds. Example: The fog filtered over the field finally hiding the fence.	5
6549807365	Simile	Comparison between two unrelated things using "like" or "as." Example: Jose sleeps like a log.	6
6549807366	Symbol	Object used to represent an idea or concept. Example: Kiowa's New Testament was a symbol of his father, his family, his faith.	7
6549807367	Irony	Using a word or a phrase to mean exactly opposite of its normal meaning. Example: Calling a boy "Stretch" when he is short.	8
6549807368	Oxymoron	Using two contradictory words for a special effect. Example: Jumbo shrimp	9
6549807369	Pun	One word sounds the same as another word with different meaning; a play on words Example: "A clock goes back four seconds."	10
6549807370	Assonance	Repetition of vowel sounds- not rhyming because end consonants don't match Example: Great Lake	11
6549807371	Consonance	Repetition of consonant sounds anywhere within the words of a phrase (not limited to beginnings, like alliteration. Example: Sally sells seashells on the seashores	12
6549807372	Euphemism	Using appropriate language to describe something inappropriate or uncomfortable. Example: "Restroom" instead of "Toilet"	13
6549807373	Cliche	Overused expression that loses its meaning Example: "As busy as a bee."	14

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AP Language Vocab Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

5225654326	Satire	Targets human voices and follies, or social institutions and conventions, for reform or ridicule	0
5225654327	Simile	An explicit comparison using the words "like", "as", or "if"	1
5225654328	Style	An evaluation of the sum of the choices of an author makes in blending literary devices	2
5225654329	Subject complement	Word or phrase that follows a linking verb and complements the subject of the sentence by either renaming it or describing it	3
5225654330	Subordinate clause	Contains both a subject and a verb but cannot stand alone	4
5225654331	Syllogism	A deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises-major and minor-that inevitably lead to a second conclusion	5
5225654332	Symbol/ symbolism	Anything that represents or stands for something else	6
5225654333	Natural symbols	Use object and occurrences from nature to represent ideas commonly associated with them	7
5225654334	Conventional symbols	Those that have been invested with meaning by a group	8
5225654335	Literary symbols	Symbols that are sometimes conventional on the sense that they are found in a variety of works are generally recognized	9

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AP Language Vocab Flashcards

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4925834966	Absolutes	A choice in which something must be one way or the other - there is no middle ground	0
4925865744	Abstract	Not applied to actual objects.	1
4925865745	Acquired	Developed or learned, not naturally occurring	2
4925868357	Active Voice	the opposite of passive voice; essentially any sentence with an active verb	3
4925887598	Ad Hominem	An attack on the person rather than the issues at hand (a common fallacy)	4
4925887599	Aesthetic	Having to do with the appreciation of beauty	5
4925889072	Affable	Easy-going; friendly	6
4925889074	Alienated	removed or disassociated from (friends, family, or homeland)	7
4925889073	Alleviate	To ease a pain or burden	8
4925890825	Alliance	A union of two or more groups	9
4925890826	Alliteration	The repetition of a phonetic sound at the beginning of several words in a sentence.	10
4925890850	Allusion	A reference that recalls another work, another time in history, another famous person, and so forth	11
4925892994	Ambiguity	The presence of two or more possible meanings in any passage, not clear.	12
4925892995	Ambiguous	Open to more than one interpretation.	13
4925931238	Ambivalent	Simultaneously having opposing feeling; uncertain	14
4925931239	Amenable	Responsible; agreeable	15
4925931240	Ample	Describing a large amount of something	16
4925934049	Anachronism	something out of the place in time or sequence	17
4925934050	Anadiplosis	A wonderful technique of repetition in which the last word of clause begins the next clause, creating a connection of ideas important to the authorś purpose in some way Example: When I give, I give myself	18
4925934051	Analogy	a term that signifies a relational comparison of or similarity between two objects or ideas	19
4925936038	Anaphora	the deliberate repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of several successive poetic lines, prose sentences, clauses, or paragraphs Example: "My life is my purpose. My life is my goal. My life is my inspiration."	20
4925936039	Anastrophe	the reversal of the natural order of words in a sentence or line of poetry	21
4925936126	Anthology	a collection of Literary Pieces	22
4925938587	Anthropomorphism	the attribution of humanlike characteristics to inanimate objects, animals, or forces of nature	23
4925941950	Antithesis	an observation or claim that is in opposition to your claim or an author's claim	24
4925943841	Apathetic	feeling or showing little emotion	25
4925943842	Aphorism	a brief statement of an opinion or elemental truth	26
4925943843	Apology	defense of an idea	27
4925946158	Apostrophe	prayer-like, this is a direct address to someone who is not present, to a deity or muse, or to some other power	28
4925946159	Apparatus	equipment, a group of machines	29
4925946160	Apposition	A grammar construction in which a noun (or noun phrase) is placed with another as an explanation	30
4925948697	Appositive	also called a noun phase, this modifies the noun next to it	31
4925948698	Apprehension	anxiety or fear about the future	32
4925948699	Arbiter	a judge who decides a disputed issue	33
4925950344	Arbitrary	determined by chance or impulse	34
4925950345	Archaic	Characteristic of an earlier period, ancient, primitive	35
4925951871	Archetype	a perfect example; an original pattern or model	36
4925958322	Argumentation	the process of forming reasons, justifying beliefs, and drawing conclusions with the aim of influencing the thoughts and/or actions of others	37
4925962183	Argument from Ignorance	an argument stating that something is true because it has never been proven false.	38
4925962184	Arid	describing a dry, rainless climate	39
4925962185	Assertion	a declaration or statement	40
4925964551	Assiduous	hard-working	41
4925964552	Assimiliation	to absorb; to make similar	42
4925966383	Astute	shrewd; clever	43
4925966384	Asylum	a place of retreat or security	44
4925968283	Asyndeton	the deliberate omission of conjunctions from a series of related independent clauses Example: FANBOYS	45
4925968284	Auspicious	favorable; promising	46
4925971607	Austere	Without decoration; strict.	47

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AP Literature and Composition Terms Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

5818703295	monosyllabic	consisting on one syllable	0
5818714350	polysyllabic	more than one syllable	1
5818715877	colloquialism	informal words/expressions	2
5818731173	denotative	literal meaning	3
5818732528	connotative	implied meaning	4
5818734342	euphonious	pleasing to the ear	5
5818743260	cacophonous	harsh sounding	6
5818752817	telegraphic	simplified speech	7
5818759345	juxtaposition	two elements	8
5818759367	rhetorical question	question used to make a point	9
5818778161	subjective	based on personal feelings	10
5818785456	objective	no influence with personal feelings	11
5818788936	anecdote	short and amusing story	12
5818798485	pathos	insincere	13
5818830779	chiasmus	statement consisting two parallel parts	14
5818849755	cliché	overused expression	15
5818853532	conceit	clever metaphor	16
5818856987	dialect	variety in speech	17
5818861944	didactic	intended to teach moral	18
5818865918	litotes	ironic understatement	19
5818869164	ethos	rhetoric that is credible	20
5818871211	logos	appeals to logic	21

6666451265	allegory	story or poem that can be used to reveal a hidden meaning	0
6666451266	alliteration	beginning of same letter or sound in closely connected words	1
6666451267	allusion	indirect of passing reference	2
6666451268	anaphora	repetition in first part of a sentence , to have an artistic meaning	3
6666451269	antagonist	a hostile person who is opposed to another character	4
6666451270	apostrophe	figure of speech used to adresss an imaginary character	5
6666451271	approximate rhyme	words in rhyming pattern that sound alike	6
6666451272	aside	when a character's dialogue is spoken but not heard by other actors on the stage	7
6666451273	assonance	repetition of vowel sounds	8
6666451274	blank verse	poetry written in meter without an ending rhyme	9
6666451275	cacophony	blend of unharmonious sounds	10
6666451276	caesura	pause in the middle of a line	11
6666451277	catharsis	the release of emotions through art (emotional cleanse)	12
6666451278	flat character	story character who have no depth, usually has one personality or characteristic	13
6666451279	round character	character who has complex personality: contradicted person	14
6666451280	dynamic character	changes throughout the story, through major conflict	15
6666451281	static character	person who doesn't change throughout story keeps same personality	16
6666451282	characterization	process of revealing characters personality	17
6666451283	climax	point where conflict hits its highest point	18
6666451284	comedy	drama that is amusing or funny	19
6666451285	conflict	struggle between opposing forces	20
6666451286	connotation	secondary meaning to a word	21
6666451287	consonance	repetition of same consonant in words close together	22
6666451288	couplet	two rhyming lines in a verse	23
6666451289	denotation	the literal meaning of a word	24
6666451290	denouement	final outcome of the story	25
6666451291	deus ex machina	resolution of a plot by chance or coincidence	26
6666451292	didactic writing	writing with a primary purpose to teach or preach	27
6666451293	direct presentation of character	author telling the reader how a character is and what actions it will do further in the story	28
6666451294	double rhyme	rhyme where the repeated vowel is in the second last syllable of words involved (ex; born scorn)	29
6666451295	dramatic exposition	prose commentaries, to provide background information about the characters and their world	30
6666451296	end rhyme	rhymes occurring at the end of line	31
6666451297	end stopped line	line ending in regular punctuation	32
6666451298	English sonnet	a sonnet rhyming ababcdcdededgg	33
6666451299	epiphany	when a character receives a spiritual insight into they life	34
6666451300	euphony	smooth choice and arrangement of sounds	35
6666451301	extended figure	A figure of speech sustained or developed through a considerable number of lines or through a whole poem.	36
6666451302	falling action	Events after the climax, leading to the resolution	37
6666451303	feminine rhyme	lines rhymed by their final two syllables	38
6666451304	figurative language	Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.	39
6666451305	figure of speech	a way of saying something other than the ordinary way	40
6666451306	foot	basic unit in the scansion or measurement of verse , stressed and un stressed syllables	41
6666451307	form	external pattern or shape of a poem	42
6666451308	free verse	Poetry that does not have a regular meter or rhyme scheme	43
6666451309	hamartia	tragic flaw which causes a character's downfall	44
6666451310	imagery	Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)	45
6666451311	indirect presentation of character	the personality of a character is revealed by what he or she does or says	46
6666451312	internal rhyme	A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line	47
6666451313	irony	A contrast between expectation and reality	48
6666451314	verbal irony	A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant	49
6666451315	dramatic irony	Irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play.	50
6666451316	irony of situation	refers to an occurrence that is contrary to what is expected or intended	51
6666451317	italian sonnet	A sonnet consisting of an octave with the rhyme pattern abbaabba, followed by a sestet with the rhyme pattern cdecde or cdcdcd	52
6666451318	masculine rhyme	A rhyme ending on the final stressed syllable	53
6666451319	melodrama	a play based upon a dramatic plot and developed sensationally	54
6666451320	metaphor	A comparison without using like or as	55
6666451321	meter	A regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry	56
6666451322	metonymy	A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it	57
6666451323	motivation	A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior	58
6666451324	narrator	Person telling the story	59
6666451325	octave	8 line stanza	60
6666451326	onomatopoeia	A word that imitates the sound it represents.	61
6666451327	hyperbole	A figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor	62
6666451328	oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.	63
6666451329	paradox	A contradiction or dilemma	64
6666451330	paraphrase	A restatement of a text or passage in your own words.	65
6666451331	personification	A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes	66
6666451332	plot	Sequence of events in a story	67
6666451333	point of view	The perspective from which a story is told	68
6666451334	omniscient point of view	The point of view where the narrator knows everything about the characters and their problems - told in the 3rd person.	69
6666451335	third person limited point of view	narrator tells the story from only one character's pov	70
6666451336	first person point of view	a character in the story is actually telling the story himself/herself	71
6666451337	objective point of view	a narrator who is totally impersonal and objective tells the story, with no comment on any characters or events.	72
6666451338	protagonist	Main character	73
6666451339	quatrain	A four line stanza	74
6666451340	rhythm	A regularly recurring sequence of events or actions.	75
6666451341	rhyme scheme	A regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem	76
6666451342	rising action	Events leading up to the climax	77
6666451343	sarcasm	the use of irony to mock or convey contempt	78
6666451344	satire	A literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.	79
6666451345	scansion	Analysis of verse into metrical patterns	80
6666451346	sestet	6 line stanza	81
6666451347	setting	The context in time and place in which the action of a story occurs.	82
6666451348	simile	A comparison using "like" or "as"	83
6666451349	soliloquy	A long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage	84
6666451350	sonnet	14 line poem	85
6666451351	stanza	A group of lines in a poem	86
6666451352	stream of consciousness	private thoughts of a character without commentary	87
6666451353	syllabic verse	Verse measured by the number of syllables rather than the number of feet per line.	88
6666451354	symbol	A thing that represents or stands for something else	89
6666451355	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa	90
6666451356	synesthesia	describing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound")	91
6666451357	tercet	3 line stanza	92
6666451358	terza rima	a verse form with a rhyme scheme: aba bcb cdc, etc.	93
6666451359	theme	Central idea of a work of literature	94
6666451360	tone	Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character	95
6666451361	tragedy	A serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character	96
6666451362	truncation	Utilizing a melody with part of the end omitted.	97
6666451363	understandment	the deliberate representation of something as lesser in magnitude than it actually is; a deliberate under-emphasis	98
6666451364	verse	A single line of poetry writing arranged with a metrical rhythm, typically having a rhyme	99
6666451365	vilanelle	a nineteen-line poem with two rhymes throughout, consisting of five tercets and a quatrain, with the first and third lines of the opening tercet recurring alternately at the end of the other tercets and with both repeated at the close of the concluding quatrain.	100

2631222231	The phrase back door to their hearts in paragraph 1 is an example of a type of figurative language called	Metaphor	0
2631225322	The author is using the phrase back door to their hearts to	Suggest that ants are straightforward and honest; they do not act in a hypocritical manner by saying one thing but meaning another	1
2631229482	According to the first paragraph, ants do all of the following activities and have all the following traits EXCEPT	assail their enemies through devious means	2
2631231547	The phrase eat on the run in paragraph 1 is a(n)	idiom	3
2631236257	From the diction and syntax in this passage, such as the substandard usage "ain't," you can conclude that	the author is using an earthy, vernacular English to appeal to his audience	4
2631240494	The repeated phrase they don't care...in the second paragraph is an example of a stylistic element called	parallel structure	5
2631244777	The author creates all the following effects through the use of the technique identified in question 6 EXCEPT	irony	6
2631250322	What qualities of the ants, mentioned in paragraph 3, does the author imply could also characterize good human beings?	faithful, hard-working, and virtuous	7
2631263947	The phrase full of faith (line 20) is an example of	alliteration	8
2631266877	The author of this passage is most likely a(n)	humorist or satirist	9
2631268926	How are the ants' laws different from ours according to the author?	the ants' laws have meaning and their lawgivers cannot be corrupted	10
2631271769	From the diction and syntax used in this passage, you can conclude that	the writer was using stylistic elements to defend common sense, fair play, and traditional values	11
2631278755	The tone of this passage is best characterized as	satirical	12
2631281361	According to the first stanza, the flower remains untouched because	it grows in out-of-the way places and so is overlooked nearly all the time	13
2631436681	In the first stanza, the poet uses a literary technique called an apostrophe when he	directly addresses the flower	14
2631441771	The mood of the first stanza is BEST described as	content and restful	15
2631446986	According the stanza II, how has nature favored wild honeysuckle?	nature gave the honeysuckle a retreat in which to grow, planted trees to shade it, and provided a war source for it.	16
2631451491	Which of the following literary techniques does the author use when he describes the soft waters as "murmuring by" in line 10?	personification and onomatopoeia	17
2631457825	Based on context clues, which of the following choices is the best synonym for the word smit in line 13?	infatuated with	18
2631536356	Which of the statements below best describes the third stanza?	the stanza assumes a somber atmosphere that suggest the approach of death.	19
2631542829	In the last stanza, the speaker adopts a thoughtful and reflective attitude because he	takes comfort in the thought that the plant came from nothing out of the cycle of nature and will complete its own cycle in returning to nature's province	20
2631549886	What literary technique is the author using in the last line when he refers to "The frail duration of a flower"?	alliteration	21
2631552910	The poem's speaker is best described as	someone walking through a field	22
2631553860	The poem's rhyme pattern is	ababcc,dedeff,ghghii,jkjkii	23
2631560034	The poet's attitude in this poem moves from		24
2631567184	You can infer that in this poem		25
2631568877	The best title for this poem is		26
2631569583	Which generalization best states the theme of this poem?		27
2631570548	This poem reflects all the concepts of the Romantic era EXCEPT		28
2632560054	The selection opens with an historical overview of factory girls in order to	set the narrative that follows in context	29
2632562622	Why did the author choose the word overseer (line 7) to describe the factory foreman?	the word connotes bondage, which reflects the author's view of the employer-employee relationship in the mills.	30
2632566290	You can infer from context that opprobrium (line 11) means	disgrace	31
2632568109	"Blooming and energetic New England women" (lines 19-20) eventually flocked to the mills because they	received high wages paid in cash and factory work lost its negative overtones	32
2632571159	The phrase en masse (line 26) is in italics to indicate	it is foreign phrase	33
2632572748	According to the author, what caused the Lowell cotton factory strike?	a cutback in wages and a plan to have the girls pay the board of each worker	34
2632575415	Based on her voice in this selection and her description of her actions, the narrator can be characterized as	a courageous leader who stands up for her beliefs and the rights of others	35
2632583013	From which point of view is this selection narrated?	first-person	36
2632584582	Why is this point of view appropriate for this section?	it gives the selection an immediacy and vividness that other points of view do not afford.	37
2632587621	You can infer that the narrator is NOT	against the speech at the pump	38
2632588611	This selection can BEST be categorized as	a nonfiction essay	39
2632591189	From the information in this selection, you can BEST conclude that	the road to improvement of working conditions for women was long and arduous, with many setbacks	40
2632593757	The author's primary purpose in this selection is to	document a significant chapter in America's past	41
2632613450	According to the first stanza, the author's purpose in this poem is to	advise his readers how to best live their lives	42
2632620427	The poet presents his ideas in the first two stanzas with all of the following metaphors EXCEPT	people who creep between heaven and earth	43
2632624482	The phrase distant deep (line 4) is an example of a literary technique called	alliteration	44
2632626835	What theme does the author state in the second stanza?	people will lead happier lives if they avoid extremes.	45
2632631624	The conclusion the poet wants readers to draw from the description of tall trees and a lofty tower in lines 13-15 is that	the proudest and most powerful people can suffer the cruelest falls	46
2632634606	You can infer from context that the word eminence (line 17) means	mountain peak	47
2632636268	In the fourth stanza, what is the poet's main idea about the philosopher?	in good times, he rejoices only moderately; in bad times, he maintains hope for the future.	48
2632641106	Line 25, "thine heaven be overcast," can best be read	as a metaphor for general misfortune	49
2632643440	The tone of this poem is most accurately described as	serious but uplifting	50
2632647817	Line 28 is an allusion to be the god Apollo, the patron of musicians and poets. The Greeks and Romans viewed Apollo as the embodiment of beauty and reasoning, but he could also be cruel and unforgiving. This allusion adds to the poem's meaning by	illustrating the speaker's point that life offers both affliction and good fortune	51
2632653791	What does the poet mean in the last line when he advises readers to "Take half thy canvas in"?		52
2632654824	Which of the following titles best suits the poem's topic and theme?		53

4359369210	"The Tragedy of The Commons" by Garret Hardin	When humans share resources they all have their own self interest in mind; foundation for modern conservatism	0
4359369211	"The Grapes of Wrath" by John Steinbeck	1930s Dust Bowl in Great Plains caused by drought and farming practices	1
4364109289	"Walden" by Henry David Thoreau	Early environmental activist; described retreat from society and years on Walden Pond	2
4364109290	"Man and Nature" by George Perkins Marsh	Helped American public understand there are limits to public resources	3
4364199560	"Silent Spring" by Rachel Carson	Air is dirty, water is polluted, hazardous wastes are collecting in landfills	4
4364199561	"The Population Bomb" by Paul Ehrlich	Warned of problems that would ensue as population increased	5

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