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AP Language and Composition Terms Flashcards

Final Review

2801883398	alliteration	repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables	0
2801883399	allusion	a brief, informally introduced reference to a fairly well-known event, place, text, or person Purpose: to help readers see a broader picture, to evoke a negative or positive feeling, or to add credibility to writing	1
2801883400	amplification	repetition of something just said while adding more detail to the original description Purpose: to add style to the phrase being amplified	2
2801883401	analogy	(similar to simile) makes use of something already well known to explain something less well known by comparison Purpose: helps readers quickly see precisely what the writer means	3
2801883402	anaphora	the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences Purpose: to build a sense of climax.	4
2801883403	anecdote	a short account of an interesting event	5
2801883404	annotation	explanatory or critical notes added to a text	6
2801883405	antecedent	the noun to which a later pronoun refers	7
2801883406	antimetabole	the repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast	8
2801883407	antithesis	parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas Purpose: makes use of a contrast in language to bring out a contrast in ideas	9
2801883408	aphorism	a short, astute statement of a general truth	10
2801883409	appositive	a word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun	11
2801883410	apostrophe	- a rhetorical device in which the writer breaks out of the flow of the writing to directly address a person or personified object. It should not be confused with the punctuation mark of the same name, to which it has no relation. Purpose: to express the force and emotion that the writer has become so caught up that he/she must break free and speak directly to something	12
2801883411	cause and effect	analysis of events or situations in which reasons are sought and effects are considered. As one of the Rhetorical Modes of Essays, Cause and Effect is used to trace the chain of events leading to a present situation or argue the consequences of a future decision.	13
2801883412	climax	- organizing ideas in writing so that they proceed from the least to the most important Purpose: to establish a progression of ideas rather than a list of individual items, driving home the buildup of ideas	14
2801883413	connotation	that which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning (see denotation)	15
2801883414	denotation	the literal meaning of a word; its dicitionary definition	16
2801883415	diction	word choice	17
2801883416	epigram	a brief witty statement	18
2801883417	epistrophe	- (similar to anaphora) - repeating the same word or phrase at the end of multiple clauses or sentences Purpose: to build emphasis; the phrase becomes a sort of punctuation mark which the reader expects to find each time.	19
2801883418	eponym	- (similar to allusion) referring to a specific famous person to link his or her attributes with someone else. Purpose: to evoke specific emotions and add credibility to writing by proving the writer is informed and educated	20
2801883419	exemplum	- simply providing the reader with an example to illustrate the writer's point; may be factual or fictional as long as fictional examples are presented as hypothetical rather than factual Purpose: to support the point the writer is trying to make in a way that seems natural	21
2801883420	figurative language	the use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect	22
2801883421	figure of speech	an expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning	23
2801883422	hyperbaton	- purposefully arranging words in a sentence in a unexpected order Purpose: to tweak the normal order of a sentence, making certain parts stand out or making the entire sentence jump off the page	24
2801883423	hyperbole	- exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis; never meant to be taken literally Purpose: used to make a point strongly, to snap the reader's attention back to the writing, or to demonstrate the difference between two things	25
2801883424	irony	a contradition between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and results	26
2801883425	metaphor	- (similar to simile) speaking of one thing as though it actually were another, thus making an implicit comparison Purpose: to speak poetically, and more importantly, to help readers see something as the writer chooses them to see it	27
2801883426	metonymy	- (similar to synecdoche) referring to something closely related to the actual object as a way of referring to the object itself Purpose: to surprise and delight readers and invite them to consider a familiar idea from a new angle	28
2801883427	omniscient narrator	an all-knowing, usually third-person narrator	29
2801883428	oxymoron	a figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms	30
2801883429	paradox	a statement that seems contradicotry but is actually true	31
2801883430	parenthesis	- a device used to insert an aside or additional information into the main flow of writing. One way to do this is by using the actual parenthesis symbols, although using dashes or commas is also common; the parenthesis is the written equivalent of the spoken aside. Purpose: to focus the spotlight on whatever point is being made or to place information into context for better clarity	32
2801883431	pathos	a Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and logos)	33
2801883432	periodic sentence	a sentence that builds towards, and ends with the main clause	34
2801883433	persona	- a voice or mask that an author, speaker, or performer puts on for a particular purpose. Purpose: to focus the audience on the voice or mask the speaker intends to present in order to persuade the audience	35
2801883434	personification	giving human attributes to something that is non-human (animals, inanimate objects, or abstract concepts) Purpose: to help the reader understand particular qualities of a subject by relying on common human experience	36
2801883435	rhetoric	the study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion"	37
2801883436	rhetorical question	a question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer Purpose: to highlight something readers already know, focusing the reader on their topic	38
2801883437	satire	an ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it	39
2801883438	simile	a figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things that are already somewhat related Purpose: to conjure up strongly suggestive imagery, lending new details to the main object	40
2801883439	style	the distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of works and figures of speech	41
2801883440	syllogism	a structured argument in deductive logic that contains two premises, one major and one minor, both of which are assumed to be true, followed by a conclusion drawn from those premises. They are simple logical constructs which presume that because the premises are true, the conclusion is proved to be true. Purpose: to simplify abstract concepts to obtain a better understanding of the validity of those ideas	42
2801883441	syntax	sentence structure	43
2801883442	thesis	the central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer	44
2801883443	tone	the speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience	45
2801883444	trope	a figure of speech in which words are used in a way which changes their meaning; many tropes rely on cultural or social norms which can make translation into other languages or cultures very difficult. Purpose: Tropes greatly add to the natural richness of language by playing with words and meanings, sometimes in novel ways.	46
2801883445	understatement	lack of emphasis or restraint in language, the force of which is less than what one would normally expect; when contrasted sharply with reality, the statement becomes absurd Purpose: used for ironic or humorous effect or to highlight the extreme nature of an event	47
2801883446	point of view	any of several possible vantage points; omniscient, limited to that of a single character, and limited to that of several characters	48
2801883447	euphemism	a figure of speech using indirection to avoid offensive bluntness	49
2801883448	parable	a story designed to suggest a principle, illustrate a moral, or answer a question	50
2801883449	onomatopoeia	the use of words whose tone suggests their meaning	51
2801883450	ellipsis	the omission of a word or several words necessary for a complete construction that is still understandable	52
2801883451	parallel structure	a similar grammatical structure within a sentence or within a paragraph	53
2801883452	ad hominem	directed to or appealing to feelings or prejudices instead of to intellet or reason	54
2801883453	adage	a saying or proverb containing a truth based on experience and often couched in metaphorical language	55
2801883454	anachronism	a person, scene, event or other element that fails to correspond with the appropriate time or era	56
2801883455	burlesque	a work of literature meant to ridicule a subject; a grotesque imitation	57
2801883456	cacophony	grating, inharmonious sounds	58
2801883457	canon	the considered most important in a national literature or period; works widely read and studied	59
2801883458	caricature	a grotesque likeness of striking qualities in persons and things	60
2801883459	circumlocution	literally, "talking around" a subject	61
2801883460	compare and contrast	examination of similarities and differences. As one of the Rhetorical Modes of Essays, Compare and Contrast usually but not always appears with the other.	62
2801883461	conceit	a witty or ingenious thought	63
2801883462	deduction	reasoning from the general to the particular (or from cause to effect)	64
2801883463	de'nouement	the resolution that occurs at the end of a narrative or drama, real or imagined	65
2801883464	dramatic irony	a circumstance in which the audience or reader knows more about a situation than a character	66
2801883465	elegy	a poem or prose selection that laments or meditates on the passing or death of someone of something of value	67
2801883466	epithet	attaching a descriptive adjective to a noun to bring a scene to life or evoke a particular idea or emotion Purpose: English has a large selection of adjectives; this technique allows writers to craft the exact image they want	68
2801883467	euphonious	having a pleasant sound, (of speech or dialect)	69
2801883468	exposé	a piece of writing that reveals weaknesses, faults, frailties, or other shortcomings	70
2801883469	fallacy, fallacious reasoning	an incorrect belief or supposition based on faulty data, defective evidence, or false information	71
2801883470	farce	a comedy that contains an extravagant and nonsensical disregard of seriousness, although it may have a serious, scornful purpose	72
2801883471	genre	a term used to describe literary forms, such as novel, play, and essay	73
2801883472	harangue	a forceful sermon, lecture, or tirade	74
2801883473	homily	a lecture or sermon on a religious or moral theme meant to guide human behavior	75
2801883474	hubris	excessive pride that often affects tone	76
2801883475	indirect quotation	a rendering of a quotation in which actual words are not stated but only approximated or paraphrased	77
2801883476	induction	reasoning from detailed facts to general principles	78
2801883477	inference	a conclusion or proposition arrived at by considering facts, observations, or some other specific data	79
2801883478	invective	a direct verbal assault; a denunciation; casting blame on someone or something	80
2801883479	lampoon	a mocking, satirical assault on a person or situation	81
2801883480	litotes	(similar to understatement) emphasizes its point by using a word opposite to the condition; Purpose: while an obviously ironic use acts as an understatement to emphasize the initial claim, a non-ironic use can soften the edges of that same claim	82
2801883481	loose sentence	a sentence that follows the customary word order of English sentences. The main idea of the sentence is presented first and is then followed by one or more subordinate clauses	83
2801883482	malapropism	a confused use of words in which the appropriate word is replaced by one with a similar soud but inappropriate meaning	84
2801883483	mock solemnity	feigned or deliberately artificial seriousness, often for satirical purposes	85
2801883484	moral	a brief and often simplistic lesson that a reader may infer from a work of literature	86
2801883485	motif	a phrase, idea, or event that through repition serves to unify or convey a theme in an essay or other discourse	87
2801883486	myth	an imaginary story that has become an accepted part of the cultural or religious tradition of a group or society	88
2801883487	narration	telling a story, or giving an account of an event. As one of the Rhetorical Modes of Essays, Narration refers to an essay that is almost entirely narration, but usually the events of the story lead to some kind of conclusion.	89
2801883488	non sequitur	a statement or idea that fails to follow logically from the one before	90
2801883489	pastoral	a work of literature dealing with rural life	91
2801883490	pathetic fallacy	faulty reasoning that inappropriately ascribes human feelings to nature or nonhuman objects, a kind of personification	92
2801883491	pedantic	narrowly academic instead of broad and humane; excessively petty and meticulous	93
2801883492	pseudonym	a false name or alias used by writers	94
2801883493	pun	a humorous play on words, using similar-sounding or identical words to suggest different meanings	95
2801883494	refutation	to discredit an arguement, particularly a counterarguement Ex: The counterarguement is not true because of fact 1, 2, and 3	96
2801883495	repetition	reuse of the same words, phrases, or ideas for rhetorical effect, usually to emphasize a point	97
2801883496	rhetorical stance	language that conveys a speaker's attitude or opinion with regard to a particular subject	98
2801883497	sarcasm	a sharp, caustic attitude conveyed in words through jibes, taunts, or other remarks	99
2801883498	sentence structure	the arrangement of the parts of a sentence	100
2801883499	stream of consciousness	a style of writing in which the author tries to reproduce the random flow of thoughts in the human mind	101
2801883500	stylistic devices	a general term referring to diction, syntax, tone, figurative language, and all other elements that contribute to the "style" or manner of a given piece of discourse	102
2801883501	synecdoche	(similar to metonymy) using a part of something, or something closely related, to refer to a larger whole Purpose: to surprise and delight readers and invite them to consider a familiar idea from a new angle	103
2801883502	transition	a stylistic device used to create a link between ideas	104
2801883503	verbal irony	a discrepancy between the true meaning of a situation and the literal meaning of the written or spoken words	105
2801883504	verisimilitude	similar to the truth; the quality of realism in a work that persuades readers that they are getting a vision of life as it is	106
2801883505	wit	the quickness of intellect and the power and talent for saying brilliant things that surprise and delight by their unexpectedness	107
2801883506	archaic diction	the use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language	108
2801883507	argument / persuasion	writing that attempts to prove a point through reasoning. As one of the Rhetorical Modes of Essays, Argument presses its case by using logic and by supporting its logic with examples and evidence.	109
2801883508	Aristotelian triangle	a diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience	110
2801883509	assertion	an emphatic statement; declaration	111
2801883510	assumption	a belief or statement taken for granted without proof	112
2801883511	asyndeton	leaving out conjunctions in a list or between words, phrases, or clauses Purpose: gives the feeling of fast movement to the writing, rather than a list that drags out	113
2801883512	bias	prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue	114
2801883513	cite	identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source	115
2801883514	colloquial/ism	an informal or conversational use of language	116
2801883515	common ground	shared beliefs, values, or positions	117
2801883516	complex sentence	a sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause	118
2801883517	concession	a reluctant acknowledgment or yielding	119
2801883518	context	words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning	120
2801883519	coordination	grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but	121
2801883520	counterargument	a challenge to a position; an opposing argument	122
2801883521	credibility	worthy of belief; trustworthy	123
2801883522	cumulative sentence	an independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail	124
2801883523	declarative sentence	a sentence that makes a statement	125
2801883524	elegiac	mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone	126
2801883525	ethos	a Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	127
2801883526	explication of text	explanation of a text's meaning through an analysis of all of its constituent parts, including the literary devices used	128
2801883527	facts	information that is true or demonstrable	129
2801883528	fragment	a word, phrase, or clause that does not form a full sentence	130
2801883529	imagery	vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses	131
2801883530	imperative sentence	a sentence that requests or commands	132
2801883531	inversion	a sentence in which the verb precedes the subject	133
2801883532	juxtaposition	placement of two things side by side for emphasis	134
2801883533	logos	a Greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	135
2801883534	modifier	a word, phrase, or clause that qualifies or describes another word, phrase, or clause	136
2801883535	occasion	an aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing	137
2801883536	pacing	the relative speed that combines two contradictory terms	138
2801883537	paradox	a statement that seems contradictory but is actually true	139
2801883538	polysyndeton	(the stylistic opposite of asyndeton) - the deliberative use of a series of conjunctions Purpose: give the feeling of increasing urgency and power, quickly forming an almost hypnotic rhythm	140
2801883539	premise; major, minor	two parts of a syllogism. (The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise. Major premise: All mammals are warm-blooded. Minor premise: All horses are mammals. Conclusion: All horses are warm-blooded.	141
2801883540	pronoun	a word used to replace a noun or noun phrase	142
2801883541	propaganda	a negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information	143
2801883542	purpose (in writing)	one's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing	144
2801883543	rhetorical modes	patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation/persuasion	145
2801883544	scheme	a pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect	146
2801883545	sentence variety	using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect	147
2801883546	simple sentence	a statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause	148
2801883547	source	a book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information	149
2801883548	speaker	a term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing	150
2801883549	straw man	a device meant to easily prove that one's position or argument is superior to an opposing argument by deliberately misrepresenting and weakening the argument of the opposing side. This can be done by leaving out key points of an opposing argument, quoting a person's words out of context, or presenting a particular person's poor defense as the entire defense of an opposing side. Purpose: to make it seem easier to knock down the so-called weaker version of the opposing argument with one's seemingly more substantial counter argument.	151
2801883550	rhetorical triangle	a diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience	152
2801883551	subject	in rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing	153
2801883552	subordinate clause	created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause	154
2801883553	subordination	the dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence	155
2801883554	synthesize	combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex	156
2801883555	thesis	the central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer	157
2801883556	thesis statement	a statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit	158
2801883557	topic sentence	a sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis	159
2801883558	zeugma	linking unexpected items in a sentence by a shared word; i.e. subjects linked together by a verb, pronouns by nouns, direct objects by verbs, adjectival phrases by verbs, etc. Purpose: to build suspense and elevate the importance of the shared word by postponing its introduction until the end, or near the end, of a sentence. The most important idea or word is closest to the end of the sentence.	160
2801883559	claim	an assertion, usually supported by evidence	161
2801883560	credible	worthy of belief; trustworthy	162
2801883561	parallelism	using the same general structure for multiple parts of a sentence, or for multiple sentences, in order to link them all Purpose: gives writing a sense of overall cohesion, keeping it balanced and intentional throughout	163
2801883562	sentence patterns	the arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions-such as simple,compound.complex,or compound-complex	164
2801883563	voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun. In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing	165
2801883564	anadiplosis	(form of repetition) - repeating the last word of a sentence or phrase near the beginning or the next sentence or phrase; used this way words end up near one another, so their repetition becomes very apparent Purpose: to create a beautiful sound while effectively putting the reader's focus on a key word	166
2801883565	chiasmus	(form of parallelism) a statement consisting of two parallel parts in which the second part is structurally reversed, or flipped around; the crisscross figure. Purpose: to lend extra impact to a statement through the more ornate style	167
2801883566	tautology (also known as 'begging the question')	the redundant use of words or phrases within a single speech pattern or literary construction Purpose: used for effect, such as to call attention to a particular component of the spoken or written word, or as a means of attracting attention for the remarks that are to follow.	168
2801883567	enthymeme	an informal or abbreviated version of a syllogism. A syllogism is a structured argument in deductive logic that contains two premises that are assumed to be true and a conclusion drawn from those premises. Enthymemes usually omit one of the premises and are often structured as "because" statements. Purpose: to simplify abstract concepts to obtain a better understanding of the validity of those ideas, especially when one premise is not particularly strong or might hurt the main point of the argument	169
2801883568	red herring	a detail or remark inserted into a discussion, either intentionally or unintentionally, that sidetracks the discussion. The red herring is invariably irrelevant and is often emotionally charged. Purpose: to trick opponents into going after the red herring and forgetting what they were initially talking about; hopefully opponent(s) never get back to their original topic.	170
2801883569	post hoc ergo propter hoc	the Chanticleer fallacy. A followed B; therefore, A caused B. ("My crowing makes the sun come up.")	171
2801883570	slippery slope	the fallacy of dire consequences. It assumes that one choice will necessarily lead to a cascading series of bad choices.	172
2801883571	archetype	A detail, image, or character type that occurs frequently in literature and myth and is thought to appeal in a universal way to the unconscious and to evoke a response.	173
2801883572	extended metaphor	A metaphor that continues beyond it's initial use, often developed at great length, occurring frequently throughout a work.	174
2801883573	predicate nominative	a noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and renames or identifies the subject	175
2801883574	predicate adjective	an adjective that follows a linking verb and describes the subject	176
2801883575	passive voice	the voice used to indicate that the grammatical subject of the verb is the recipient (not the source) of the action denoted by the verb. Ex. 'The ball was thrown by the boy' uses the passive voice.	177
2801883576	active voice	the voice used to indicate that the grammatical subject of the verb is performing the action or causing the happening denoted by the verb. Ex. 'The boy threw the ball' uses the active voice.	178
2801883577	description	depiction through sensory evidence. As one of the Rhetorical Modes of Essays, Description refers to an essay that uses concrete details (touch, smell, taste, and hearing) to support a specific argument, give the reader a sense of immediacy, or establish a mood.	179
2801883578	process analysis	explaining how to do something, how others do it, or how certain things occur. As one of the Rhetorical Modes of Essays, Process Analysis refers to an essay that uses process analysis to make a point or to tell one's own story.	180
2801883579	exemplification	providing specific instances in support of general ideas. As one of the Rhetorical Modes of Essays, Exemplification refers to an essay that provide anecdotes that serve as examples to make a point or support a specific argument.	181
2801883580	definition	explanation of the nature of a word, thing, or idea. As one of the Rhetorical Modes of Essays, Definition refers to an essay that often redefines: they attempt to make us understand something we thought we already understood.	182
2801883581	classification and division	the sorting out of elements into classes or groups, or the separation of something into its parts. As one of the Rhetorical Modes of Essays, Classification and Division are used when a writer wants to break something down into its elements or group a number of things in order to analyze them.	183

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AP Literature Flashcards

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6651646579	allegory	story or poem that can be used to reveal a hidden meaning	0
6651646580	alliteration	beginning of same letter or sound in closely connected words	1
6651646581	allusion	indirect of passing reference	2
6651646582	anaphora	repetition in first part of a sentence , to have an artistic meaning	3
6651646583	antagonist	a hostile person who is opposed to another character	4
6651646584	apostrophe	figure of speech used to adresss an imaginary character	5
6651646585	approximate rhyme	words in rhyming pattern that sound alike	6
6651646586	aside	when a character's dialogue is spoken but not heard by other actors on the stage	7
6651646587	assonance	repetition of vowel sounds	8
6651646588	blank verse	poetry written in meter without an ending rhyme	9
6651646589	cacophony	blend of unharmonious sounds	10
6651646590	caesura	pause in the middle of a line	11
6651646591	catharsis	the release of emotions through art (emotional cleanse)	12
6651646592	flat character	story character who have no depth, usually has one personality or characteristic	13
6651646593	round character	character who has complex personality: contradicted person	14
6651646594	dynamic character	changes throughout the story, through major conflict	15
6651646595	static character	person who doesn't change throughout story keeps same personality	16
6651646596	characterization	process of revealing characters personality	17
6651646597	climax	point where conflict hits its highest point	18
6651646598	comedy	drama that is amusing or funny	19
6651646599	conflict	struggle between opposing forces	20
6651646600	connotation	secondary meaning to a word	21
6651646601	consonance	repetition of same consonant in words close together	22
6651646602	couplet	two rhyming lines in a verse	23
6651646603	denotation	the literal meaning of a word	24
6651646604	denouement	final outcome of the story	25
6651646605	deus ex machina	resolution of a plot by chance or coincidence	26
6651646606	didactic writing	writing with a primary purpose to teach or preach	27
6651646607	direct presentation of character	author telling the reader how a character is and what actions it will do further in the story	28
6651646608	double rhyme	rhyme where the repeated vowel is in the second last syllable of words involved (ex; born scorn)	29
6651646609	dramatic exposition	prose commentaries, to provide background information about the characters and their world	30
6651646610	end rhyme	rhymes occurring at the end of line	31
6651646611	end stopped line	line ending in regular punctuation	32
6651646612	English sonnet	a sonnet rhyming ababcdcdededgg	33
6651646613	epiphany	when a character receives a spiritual insight into they life	34
6651646614	euphony	smooth choice and arrangement of sounds	35
6651646615	extended figure	A figure of speech sustained or developed through a considerable number of lines or through a whole poem.	36
6651646616	falling action	Events after the climax, leading to the resolution	37
6651646617	feminine rhyme	lines rhymed by their final two syllables	38
6651646618	figurative language	Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.	39
6651646619	figure of speech	a way of saying something other than the ordinary way	40
6651646620	foot	basic unit in the scansion or measurement of verse , stressed and un stressed syllables	41
6651646621	form	external pattern or shape of a poem	42
6651646622	free verse	Poetry that does not have a regular meter or rhyme scheme	43
6651646623	hamartia	tragic flaw which causes a character's downfall	44
6651646624	imagery	Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)	45
6651646625	indirect presentation of character	the personality of a character is revealed by what he or she does or says	46
6651646626	internal rhyme	A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line	47
6651646627	irony	A contrast between expectation and reality	48
6651646628	verbal irony	A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant	49
6651646629	dramatic irony	Irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play.	50
6651646630	irony of situation	refers to an occurrence that is contrary to what is expected or intended	51
6651646631	italian sonnet	A sonnet consisting of an octave with the rhyme pattern abbaabba, followed by a sestet with the rhyme pattern cdecde or cdcdcd	52
6651646632	masculine rhyme	A rhyme ending on the final stressed syllable	53
6651646633	melodrama	a play based upon a dramatic plot and developed sensationally	54
6651646634	metaphor	A comparison without using like or as	55
6651646635	meter	A regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry	56
6651646636	metonymy	A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it	57
6651646637	motivation	A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior	58
6651646638	narrator	Person telling the story	59
6651646639	octave	8 line stanza	60
6651646640	onomatopoeia	A word that imitates the sound it represents.	61
6651646641	hyperbole	A figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor	62
6651646642	oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.	63
6651646643	paradox	A contradiction or dilemma	64
6651646644	paraphrase	A restatement of a text or passage in your own words.	65
6651646645	personification	A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes	66
6651646646	plot	Sequence of events in a story	67
6651646647	point of view	The perspective from which a story is told	68
6651646648	omniscient point of view	The point of view where the narrator knows everything about the characters and their problems - told in the 3rd person.	69
6651646649	third person limited point of view	narrator tells the story from only one character's pov	70
6651646650	first person point of view	a character in the story is actually telling the story himself/herself	71
6651646651	objective point of view	a narrator who is totally impersonal and objective tells the story, with no comment on any characters or events.	72
6651646652	protagonist	Main character	73
6651646653	quatrain	A four line stanza	74
6651646654	rhythm	A regularly recurring sequence of events or actions.	75
6651646655	rhyme scheme	A regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem	76
6651646656	rising action	Events leading up to the climax	77
6651646657	sarcasm	the use of irony to mock or convey contempt	78
6651646658	satire	A literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.	79
6651646659	scansion	Analysis of verse into metrical patterns	80
6651646660	sestet	6 line stanza	81
6651646661	setting	The context in time and place in which the action of a story occurs.	82
6651646662	simile	A comparison using "like" or "as"	83
6651646663	soliloquy	A long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage	84
6651646664	sonnet	14 line poem	85
6651646665	stanza	A group of lines in a poem	86
6651646666	stream of consciousness	private thoughts of a character without commentary	87
6651646667	syllabic verse	Verse measured by the number of syllables rather than the number of feet per line.	88
6651646668	symbol	A thing that represents or stands for something else	89
6651646669	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa	90
6651646670	synesthesia	describing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound")	91
6651646671	tercet	3 line stanza	92
6651646672	terza rima	a verse form with a rhyme scheme: aba bcb cdc, etc.	93
6651646673	theme	Central idea of a work of literature	94
6651646674	tone	Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character	95
6651646675	tragedy	A serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character	96
6651646676	truncation	Utilizing a melody with part of the end omitted.	97
6651646677	understandment	the deliberate representation of something as lesser in magnitude than it actually is; a deliberate under-emphasis	98
6651646678	verse	A single line of poetry writing arranged with a metrical rhythm, typically having a rhyme	99
6651646679	vilanelle	a nineteen-line poem with two rhymes throughout, consisting of five tercets and a quatrain, with the first and third lines of the opening tercet recurring alternately at the end of the other tercets and with both repeated at the close of the concluding quatrain.	100

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Chromosomes Flashcards

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5900137005	chromosome	composed of a single, tightly coiled DNA molecule wrapped around a protein called a histone	0
5900137006	chromatin	Decondenced form of Chromosomes. It can't be seen when cells aren't dividing and are called this	1
5900137007	histones	DNA is tightly coiled around these proteins	2
5900137008	gene	a short section of a strand of DNA that tells the body how to build a specific proteins.	3
5900137009	allele	alternate forms of a gene	4
5900137010	chromatids	Duplicated chromosomes	5
5900137011	centromere	sister chromatids are held together here	6
5900137012	23 pairs	the number of chromosomes in every human cell	7
5900137013	autosomes	the first 22 pairs of chromosomes in a human	8
5900137014	sex chromosomes	the 23 pair of chromosomes in a human. It determines the sex of the person	9
5900137015	karyotype	a picture of the chromosomes from a human cell arranged in pairs by size	10
5900137016	homologous chromosomes	a pair of chromosomes that carry the same genes in the same order, but the alleles for each trait may not be the same. you get one from your mother and one from your father	11
5900137017	diploid	ploidy of a cell that contains 2 sets of chromosomes. 2n	12
5900137018	haploid	ploidy of a cell that contains 1 set of chromosomes. 1n	13
5900137019	gametes	the haploid sperm cells and the haploid ova (egg).	14
5900137020	somatic cells	diploid body cells. Ex: skin, nerves, muscle...	15
5900137021	zygote	a diploid cell formed by the union of the haploid sperm cell and the haploid ovum (egg).	16

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I for Isobel deeper meaning for quotes: Chapter 4- Glassware and Breakable Items. Isobel at the boarding house. Flashcards

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5239794719	'...her words were welcoming' (p.54)	Isobel is initially welcomed to the boarding house.	0
5239794908	'It was a commonplace little room but she was prepared to love everything in it.' (p.56)	Literary allusion - Virginia Woolf: A Room of One's Own. She has space to be herself (in theory).	1
5239795177	'She resisted temptation and went on with her unpacking, having a modest ambition to meet life, to be adequate. She had an idea of a life of her own, like the room of her own, where she chose the furniture...' (p.56)	Wants to sit and read but decides to unpack because she wants to be adequate in life. Link again to A Room of One's Own.	2
5239795646	'...she saw her face in the glass, so happy and hopeful that the likeness to her mother, which seemed to her usually to be a curse from birth, seemed unimportant.' (p.56)	Link to p.158 when Isobel has the epiphany that her face is not only defined by her mother. She sees her face as a curse - this changes later in part 5.	3
5239795934	'...[she] thought of changing her name to Maeve: Maeve Callaghan, poised, serene, quietly self-confident.' (p.57)	Again, Isobel is trying to reject her authentic self and start again as someone new - as Maeve.	4
5239796431	'She didn't, after all, say 'Maeve'. They would know. They would look at her with scorn and say, 'No, you're not. You're Isobel'.' (p.57)	She is afraid that the fellow boarders will see her as a fraud.	5
5239797048	'Was it dialogue? Were they acting in a play?' (p.59)	She cannot converse with others easily.	6
5239798198	'Do you play cards? ... She hoped nobody would ask her to try.' (p.59)	The boarders are welcoming and supportive - it is Isobel who does not want to interact with them.	7
5239799051	'Isobel reflected that Betty hadn't told her the most important thing - how to be like her: cool, kind and self-possessed, able to accept the peculiar Madge, to deal easily with the boisterous young men...Still, such a manner must be for all seasons. The seasons of Maeve, who would study to attain it.' (p.60)	Isobel wants rules or guidance on how to be cool and self-possessed, as these are all traits that she feels she lacks. Again, she references Maeve, believing that whilst Isobel may be lacking, Maeve could be kind and able to accept others.	8
5239799371	'No, it would not do to take Trollope down to the dining room, not the first night.' (p.60)	Isobel wants to read on the first night - she is isolating herself from the boarders.	9
5239800056	'As soon as the excitement had passed, she was ashamed that such a little notice should cause such a flurry.' (p.78)	This is in response to Norman taunting her - 'it's alive! It breathes!' Isobel is pleased but this demonstrates the distance she has created.	10
5239800391	'She saw no sympathy anywhere, but surely she was entitled to read, had seen to it that she inconvenienced no-one. People who wanted her to give up reading were asking too much without offering anything in return. Right behaviour didn't work unless everyone practiced it....She was more at home in the kitchen where she had to status of a domestic pet.' (p.79)	Isobel sees no sympathy, but is this actually accurate? The fellow boarders, Mrs. Bowers and Mrs. Prendergast were all very welcoming, yet she was the one who created the distance from them (due to the walls she built in childhood). All she wants to do is read, and does not believe that anyone has the right to ask her to stop.	11
5239801306	'This roused conflicted feeling: warmth and gratitude - it was astonishing to be remembered - but uneasiness, because she felt more return was needed than she could give.' (p.82)	Isobel looks to Mrs. Bowers as a mother-figure, but feels inadequate as she cannot return the compassion Mrs. Bowers has shown towards her.	12
5239801575	'Usually, Mrs. Prendergast's plaintive but placid tone removed her memories and forebodings out of the range of human feeling; this time Isobel was seized with such anguish for the unsuspecting object in the baking dish that she wanted to run away, did not know what she was doing in this kitchen, which now seemed subterranean.' (p.99)	This is Isobel's response to the baby in the baking-dish. She does not understand her reaction simply because she is not ready to confront the demons of her past. Isobel feels anguish for the suffering baby but is unwilling to explore the reason for her response. All she wants to do is 'run' - compare the perspective to p.175.	13
5239801782	'You're a clever little thing, aren't you?' (p.99)	She is praised but it sits uncomfortably.	14
5239802134	'She never disliked Madge more than when she was doing the very thing Isobel would have done in her place.' (p.107)	Isobel resents Madge and envies her ability to stand up to her mother, as Isobel was unable to do so herself.	15
5239808247	'The other boarders, except Mr. Watkin, who moved like a small planet in his own atmosphere, were hostile to her now.' (p.109)	Remember, this is Isobel's perspective - are they really hostile, or is she just interpreting it as being so? They were welcoming so what has changed?	16
5239808617	''But oh, Joseph, why do they hate me? If it was just the Eleventh Commandment I could bear it.' The Eleventh Commandment was Thou shalt not be different.' (p.110)	Isobel confides in the imaginary Joseph, knowing that Joseph in 'real-life' could never be as good. She believes that everyone hates her because she is different. To what extent is this true?	17
5239809231	'I wanted her to like me. This is when I worry, when people dislike me and I don't know why.' (p.110)	Isobel's coping mechanism as a child - to build walls - is not working in adulthood yet she does not have the skills to rectify the situation.	18
5239809837	'It was always like this. She had tried, been polite, passed the salt without being asked, would have liked Betty if that had been allowed. It had not been allowed, and tonight the coolness was more marked than usual, bringing the familiar stab of fear that she had done something to offend, sharper because of the hour of peaceful excitement and self-forgetfulness in Trevor's room. self-forgetfulness was always dangerous.' (p.118)	This is yet another example of when Isobel feels isolated as her time at the boarding house continues. She does not feel as though she was 'allowed' to like the others, such as Betty, although it is she who established these 'rules' - in this way, Isobel is at least in part responsible for her own isolation and pain.	19
5239810643	'Awed by Madge, Isobel thought, 'If I could ever have done that...' ' (p.119)	Again, Isobel wishes she had been able to stand up to Mr. Callaghan the way Madge has to Mrs. Bowers	20
5239811119	'You didn't hate Madge for her methodical mastication. You hated her because you took her place.' (p.119)	Isobel can now see that she has taken Madge's place as the 'favourite child' - probably because she never was in her own household.	21
5239811946	'You left the house thinking of freedom, of being a different person, seeing the world ahead of you, but you didn't go on, you went back. To fight the old fight and this time to win, to have to verdict set aside, to be the favoured child.' (p.120)	She realises that she was happy to be the 'domestic pet' because it made up, in some small way, for what happened in her childhood. She understands, however, that she 'went back' rather than moving forward with her life.	22
5239812336	'At least she knew where she was going wrong - no wonder the others disliked her, watching her suck up to Mrs. Bowers, taking what ought to be Madge's. Idiot wants a mother. Idiot can't have one. Life is very difficult.' (p.121)	Isobel believes now that this is what has caused the distance between her and the fellow boarders - they could see that Isobel was trying to replace Madge. This is painful because she just wants peace from the past, but will not admit this to herself.	23

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AP Literature Flashcards

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4324715388	Allegory	An allegory is a symbolism device where the meaning of a greater, often abstract, concept is conveyed with the aid of a more corporeal object or idea being used as an example. Ex: "Animal Farm", written by George Orwell, is an allegory that uses animals on a farm to describe the overthrow of the last of the Russian Tsar Nicholas II and the Communist Revolution of Russia before WW I.	0
4324715389	Allusion	An allusion is a figure of speech whereby the author refers to a subject matter such as a place, event, or literary work by way of a passing reference. Example: "I was surprised his nose was not growing like Pinocchio's." This refers to the story of Pinocchio, where his nose grew whenever he told a lie. It is from The Adventures of Pinocchio, written by Carlo Collodi.	1
4324717319	Apostrophe	a figure of speech sometimes represented by exclamation "O" Example: "Is this a dagger which I see before me, The handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee! I have thee not, and yet I see thee still."	2
4324717320	Ballad	a poem that is typically arranged in quatrains with the rhyme scheme ABAB Example: 'O I forbid you, maiden all, That wears gold in your hair, To come or go by Carterhaugh For young Tam Lin is there.	3
4324718633	Blank Verse	verse without rhyme, especially that which uses iambic pentameter Example: Something there is that doesn't love a wall. That sends the frozen-ground-swell under it, And spills the upper boulders in the sun; (Mending Walls by Robert Frost)	4
4324722835	Cacophony	A cacophony in literature refers to the use of words and phrases that imply strong, harsh sounds within the phrase. Example: 'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe; All mimsy were the borogoves,an And the mome raths outgrabe. "Beware the Jabberwock, my son! The jaws that bite, the claws that catch! Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun The frumious Bandersnatch!"	5
4324722836	Caesura	This literary device involves creating a fracture of sorts within a sentence where the two separate parts are distinguishable from one another yet intrinsically linked to one another. Example: It is for you we speak, \|\| not for ourselves: You are abused \|\| and by some putter-on That will be damn'd for't; \|\| would I knew the villain, I would land-damn him. \|\| Be she honour-flaw'd, I have three daughters; \|\| the eldest is eleven (The Winter Tales by William Shakespeare)	6
4324722837	Catharsis	an emotional discharge through which one can achieve a state of moral or spiritual renewal or achieve a state of liberation from anxiety and stress Catharsis: "...a poor player That struts and frets his hour upon the stage And then is heard no more. It is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing"	7
4324724374	Comic Relief	comic episodes in a dramatic or literary work that offset more serious sections Example:	8
4324724375	Couplet	Couplets usually comprise two lines that rhyme and have the same metre Example: She was a little tense The notice made no sense	9
4324726482	Deus Ex Machina	Deus ex Machina is a rather debatable and often criticized form of literary device. It refers to the incidence where an implausible concept or character is brought into the story in order to make the conflict in the story resolve and to bring about a pleasing solution. Example: Medea: When Medea is shown in the chariot of the sun god Helios, the god himself isn't present. From her vantage point in the chariot she watches the grieving Jason. The argument goes about that this specific scene is an illustration of the employment of the device within the plot of the tragedy.	10
4324726483	Enjambment	the continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza. Example: It is a beauteous Evening, calm and free; The holy time is quiet as a Nun Breathless with adoration; the broad sun Is sinking down in its tranquility; The gentleness of heaven is on the Sea; Listen! The mighty Being is awake And doth with his eternal motion make A sound like thunder―everlastinly. Thou liest in Abraham's bosom all the year; And worshipp'st at the Temple's inner shrine, God being with thee when we know it not. (It is a Beauteous Evening by William Wordsworth)	11
4324729093	Euphony	The literary device "euphony" refers to the use of phrases and words that are noted for possessing an extensive degree of notable loveliness or melody in the sound they create. Example: Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness, Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun; Conspiring with him how to load and bless With fruit the vines that round the thatch -eves run; To bend with apples the moss'd cottage-trees, And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core; To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells With a sweet kernel; to set budding more, And still more, later flowers for the bees, (Ode to Autumn by John Keats)	12
4324729094	Free Verse	poetry that does not rhyme or have a regular meter Example: A noiseless patient spider, I mark'd where on a little promontory it stood isolated, Mark'd how to explore the vacant vast surrounding, It launch'd forth filament, filament, filament, out of itself, Ever unreeling them, ever tirelessly speeding them. And you O my soul where you stand, Surrounded, detached, in measureless oceans of space,....... Till the bridge you will need be form'd, till the ductile anchor hold, Till the gossamer thread you fling catch somewhere, O my soul. (A Noiseless Patient Spider by Walt Whitman)	13
4324729095	Irony	The use of irony in literature refers to playing around with words such that the meaning implied by a sentence or word is actually different from the literal meaning. Example: "Go ask his name: if he be married. My grave is like to be my wedding bed." Juliet commands her nurse to find out who Romeo was and says if he were married, then her wedding bed would be her grave. It is a verbal irony because the audience knows that she is going to die on her wedding bed.	14
4324730973	Metonymy	Metonymy in literature refers to the practice of not using the formal word for an object or subject and instead referring to it by using another word that is intricately linked to the formal name or word. Example: "As he swung toward them holding up the hand Half in appeal, but half as if to keep The life from spilling" In these lines, the expression "The life from spilling" is a metonymy that refers to spilling of blood. It develops a link between life and blood. The loss of too much blood means loss of life.	15
4324730974	Monologue	a speech delivered by one person, or a long one-sided conversation that makes you want to pull your hair out from boredom Example: And indeed there will be time To wonder, 'Do I dare?' and, 'Do I dare?' Time to turn back and descend the stair, With a bald spot in the middle of my hair... In a minute there is time For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse.' (The Lovesong of J. Alfred Prufrock by T.S Eliot)	16
4324730975	Motif	The literary device 'motif' is any element, subject, idea or concept that is constantly present through the entire body of literature. Example: In Shakespeare's Hamlet, we find a recurring motif of incest accompanied by incestuous desires of some characters. Laertes speaks to his sister Ophelia in a way that is sexually explicit. Hamlet shows obsession for Gertrude's sexual life with Claudius has an underlying tone of an incestuous desire. Besides, there is a motif of hatred for women that Hamlet experiences in his relationship with Gertrude and Ophelia. Hamlet expresses his disgust for women in Scene 2 of Act I: "Frailty, thy name is woman"	17
4324730993	Pathos	a quality that evokes pity or sadness. Example: Empathizing with a friend who lost a family member	18
4324733496	Satire	the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues. Example: "What's the use you learning to do right, when it's troublesome to do right and isn't no trouble to do wrong, and the wages is just the same?" (Chap 16)	19
4324733497	Romanticism	an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. Example: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight This 14th century romance, whose writer is still unknown, revolves around the bravery of Sir Gawain, a knight of King Arthur, who accepts the challenge from Green Knight. Sir Gawain beheads the knight, but the knight goes away reminding him the time he would appear again. In this struggle, Sir Gawain shows his true nature of bravery, chivalry and courage when tested by a lady when he stays in the castle of that very knight.	20
4324736575	Soliloquy	an act of speaking one's thoughts aloud when by oneself or regardless of any hearers, especially by a character in a play. Example: "Yet art thou still but Faustus and a man" In the first soliloquy of Doctor Faustus, Marlow has nicely summed up Faustus' life, motives, intentions and growth of his ideas that took place before the start of action. An extra-ordinary ambitious soul of Doctor Faustus is revealed here who was not satisfied with the existing branches of knowledge and needed something beyond the powers of man.	21
4324736576	Sonnet	a poetic form which originated in Italy; Giacomo Da Lentini is credited with its invention. Example: From fairest creatures we desire increase, That thereby beauty's rose might never die. But as the riper should by time decease, His tender heir might bear his memory: But thou, contracted to thine own bright eyes, Feed'st thy light's flame with self-substantial fuel, Making a famine where abundance lies, Thyself thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel. Thou that art now the world's fresh ornament And only herald to the gaudy spring, Within thine own bud buriest thy content And, tender churl, mak'st waste in niggarding. Pity the world, or else this glutton be, To eat the world's due, by the grave and thee (William Shakespeare)	22
4324736577	Style	the literary element that describes the ways that the author uses words — the author's word choice, sentence structure, figurative language, and sentence arrangement all work together to establish mood, images, and meaning in the text Example: The pleasures of the imagination, taken in their full extent, are not so gross as those of sense... A man of polite imagination is let into a great many pleasures... A man should endeavour, therefore, to make the sphere of his innocent pleasures as wide as possible, that he may retire into them with safety ... Delightful scenes, whether in nature, painting, or poetry, have a kindly influence on the body, as well as the mind, and not only serve to clear and brighten the imagination, but are able to disperse grief and melancholy... This is an example of expository writing style in which the author describes advantages of imagination with facts and logical sequence and tells his delight of imagination. Then, he discusses its benefits and finally gives opinions in its favor.	23
4324736578	Structure	how the the writer manipulates the raw components. so things like time, chronology, point of view Example: "The woods are lovely, dark and deep. But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep."	24
4324738891	Synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa Example: The word "bread" refers to food or money as in "Writing is my bread and butter" or "sole breadwinner".	25
4324738892	Tone	The tone of a literary work is the perspective or attitude that the author adopts with regards to a specific character, place or development. Example: Example #1 Father: "We are going on a vacation." Son: "That's great!!!" - The tone of son's response is very cheerful.	26
4324741126	Tragic Hero	A tragic hero is a person of noble birth with heroic or potentially heroic qualities. Example: Oedipus from "Oedipus Rex" Aristotle has used Oedipus as a perfect example of a tragic hero, as he has hubris that is his pride makes him blind to the truth. He refuses to listen to wise men like Tiresias, who predicts that Oedipus has killed his father, Laius. He is tragic because he struggles against the forces of his fate and pitiable due to his weakness, which arouses fear in the audience. Thus, he is an ideal example of the tragic hero for causing his own downfall, falling from his own estate and facing undeserved punishment.	27
4324741127	Villanelle	A villanelle (also known as villanesque) is a nineteen-line poetic form consisting of five tercets followed by a quatrain. There are two refrains and two repeating rhymes, with the first and third line of the first tercet repeated alternately until the last stanza, which includes both repeated lines. Example: Mad Girl's Love Song by Sylvia Plath "I shut my eyes and all the world drops dead; (A1) I lift my lids and all is born again. (a) (I think I made you up inside my head.) (A2) The stars go waltzing out in blue and red, (a) And arbitrary blackness gallops in: (b) I shut my eyes and all the world drops dead. (A1) I dreamed that you bewitched me into bed (a) And sung me moon-struck, kissed me quite insane. (b) (I think I made you up inside my head.) (A2) God topples from the sky, hell's fires fade: (a) Exit seraphim and Satan's men: (b) I shut my eyes and all the world drops dead. (A1) I fancied you'd return the way you said, (a) But I grow old and I forget your name. (b) (I think I made you up inside my head.) (A2) I should have loved a thunderbird instead; (a) At least when spring comes they roar back again. (b) I shut my eyes and all the world drops dead. (A1) (I think I made you up inside my head.)" (A2)	28
4324874613	Mood	refers to a definitive stance the author adopts in shaping a specific emotional perspective towards the subject of the literary work Example: "The river, reflecting the clear blue of the sky, glistened and sparkled as it flowed noiselessly on." The depiction of idyllic scenery imparts a serene and non-violent mood to the readers.	29
4324882669	Nemesis	refers to a situation of poetic justice wherein the positive characters are rewarded and the negative characters are penalized Example: In a famous Greek Tragedy "Oedipus Rex" by Sophocles, the nemesis of "King Oedipus" is his Hubris or excessive pride. He is so proud that he does not even shun from defying prophecies of gods. We see that he ends up doing what he fears and tries to avoid. The Oracle of Delphi tells him that he will kill his father and marry his mother. In his attempt to defy gods' prophecy, he leaves "Corinth" and travels towards "Thebes". On his way, he kills an old man in a quarrel and later marries the queen of "Thebes" as he ascends throne after delivering the city from a deadly "Sphinx". One can argue that he commits all these sins in complete ignorance, yet he deserves retribution because he becomes so swollen with pride that he does not even shy from attempting to revolt against his fate. Thus, his nemesis is his arrogance.	30
4324884484	Oxymoron	a significant literary device as it allows the author to use contradictory, contrasting concepts placed together in a manner that actually ends up making sense in a strange, and slightly complex manner Example: "Why, then, O brawling love! O loving hate! O anything, of nothing first create! O heavy lightness! Serious vanity! Misshapen chaos of well-seeming forms! Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health! Still-waking sleep, that is not what it is! This love feel I, that feel no love in this. Dost thou not laugh?" We notice a series of oxymoron being employed when Romeo confronts the love of an inaccessible woman. An intense emotional effect is produced to highlight his mental conflict by the use of contradictory pairs of words such as "hating love", "heavy lightness", "bright smoke", "cold fire", and "sick health".	31
4324886209	Paradox	refers to the use of concepts or ideas that are contradictory to one another, yet, when placed together hold significant value on several levels Example: "All animals are equal, but some are more equal than others". This statement seems to not make any sense. However, on closer examination, it gets clear that Orwell points out a political truth. The government in the novel claims that everyone is equal but it has never treated everyone equally. It is the concept of equality stated in this paradox that is opposite to the common belief of equality.	32
4324896005	Simile	a comparison using "like" or "as" Example: This drink is a cold as ice.	33
4324857644	Anecdote	a short verbal accounting of a funny, amusing, interesting event or incident Example: What is that? Bells, dogs again! Is it a dream? I sob and cry. See! The door opens, fur-clad men Rush to my rescue; frail am I; Feeble and dying, dazed and glad. There is the pistol where it dropped. "Boys, it was hard — but I'm not mad. . . . Look at the clock — it stopped, it stopped. Carry me out. The heavens smile. See! There's an arch of gold above. Now, let me rest a little while — Looking to God and Love . . .and Love . . .". In this poem, the speaker is freezing slowly in the Arctic. He recollects the memories of his life and tells the whole story to the readers, but sees flashes of his life before he dies. In fact, he is using anecdotes to tell his life story.	34
4324859935	Anastrophe	a form of literary device wherein the order of the noun and the adjective in the sentence is exchanged Example: He spoke of times past and future, and dreamt of things to be.	35
4324863480	Analogy	a literary device that helps to establish a relationship based on similarities between two concepts or ideas	36
4324866286	Anagram	an extremely popular form of literary device wherein the writer jumbles up parts of the word to create a new word Example: A gentleman à Elegant man This anagram is fun and unique because the meaning stays the same: a gentleman is, in fact, an elegant man!	37
4324869802	Amplification	a literary practice wherein the writer embellishes the sentence by adding more information to it in order to increase its worth and understandability Example: The assignment was complicated because it involved numerous steps. I believe I became lost on step three, but I'm not sure. I may have miscalculated here on step four as well. Can you help me? Through the use of amplification, you have made clear what you are struggling with, and the tutor can now help you.	38

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Ap literature vocabulary Flashcards

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2848055419	Incompetence	Lack of ability	0
2848055420	Insolent	Badly rude or disrespectful	1
2848055421	Superfluous	Being more than sufficient or required being flattering	2
2848055422	Acquiesce	Accept something reluctantly but without protest	3
2848055423	Apocalyptic	Describing or prophesying the complete destruction of the word	4
2848055424	Copious	Abundant in supply or quality	5
2848055425	Ingratiate	Bring on self into favor with someone by flattering or trying to please them	6
2848055426	Mnemonic	A device that will help you remember something	7
2848055427	Boisterous	Being noisy or rowdy	8
2848055428	Loquacious	Tending to talk a great deal being talkative	9
2848055429	Iconoclastic	Characterized by attack on cherished beliefs	10
2848055430	Juxta positive	The fact of two things being seen or being placed together	11
2848055431	Belligerent	Hostile and aggressive	12
2848055432	Expedient	Convenient and practical although possible improper or Immoral	13
2848055433	Oxymoron	A figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction	14
2848055434	Epigrammatic	Of the nature or in style of an epigram concise , clever , amusing	15
2848055435	Expeditious	Characterized by promptness	16
2848055436	Taciturn	Reserved or uncommunicative in speech	17
2848055437	Coherent	Argument logical consistent	18

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AP Spanish Literature Review Flashcards

Work ---> Author (Period) [themes]
any work without quotation marks should be underlined

Terms : Hide Images

6758240087	Isabel Allende (Literatura Contemporánea y La Voz Femenina) [La construcción del género, machismo y feminismo]	"Dos palabras"	0
6758240088	Anónimo (Medioevo/Época Medieval) [Las sociedades en contacto: pluralismo racial y disegualdad económica]	"Romance de la pérdida de Alhama"	1
6758240089	Anónimo (Renacimiento/"Siglo de Oro") [Las sociedades en contacto: pluralismo racial y disegualdad económica]	Lazarillo de Tormes	2
6758240090	Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer (Romanticismo) [Tiempo y espacio: tema y técnica]	Rima LIII, "Volverán las oscuras golondrinas"	3
6758240091	Jorge Luis Borges (El Boom en Latino América) [La imaginación y la creación literaria, la dualidad del ser]	"Borges y yo"	4
6758240092	Jorge Luis Borges (El Boom en Latino América) [Tiempo y espacio: tema y técnica]	"El Sur"	5
6758240093	Julia de Burgos (Postmodernismo en Latino América) [La dualidad del ser y el enigma de la existencia]	"A Julia de Burgos"	6
6758240094	Miguel de Cervantes (Renacimiento/"Siglo de Oro") [La imaginación y la creación literaria, dualidad del ser y el enigma de la existencia, las relaciones interpersonales]	Don Quijote	7
6758240095	Julio Cortázar (El Boom en Latino América) [Tiempo y espacio: tema y técnica]	"La noche boca arriba"	8
6758240096	Hernán Cortés (Literatura Colonial/Crónicas de las Indias) [Las sociedades en contacto]	"Segunda carta de relación"	9
6758240097	Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (El Barroco) [La construcción del género: machismo y feminismo]	"Hombres necios que acusáis"	10
6758240098	Rubén Darío (Modernismo en Latino América) [Las sociedades en contacto: pluralismo racial y desigualdad económica]	"A Roosevelt"	11
6758240099	Don Juan Manuel (Medioevo/Época Medieval) [La construcción del género: machismo y feminismo, las sociedades en contacto]	Conde Lucanor, Exemplo XXXV	12
6758240100	Osvaldo Dragún (El Boom en Latino América) [Las sociedades en contacto: pluralismo racial y desigualdad económica]	El hombre que se convirtió en perro	13
6758240101	Carlos Fuentes (El Boom en Latino América) [La imaginación y la creación literaria, pluralidad y desigualdad socio-racial]	"Chac Mool"	14
6758240102	Federico García Lorca (Vanguardismo) [Las relaciones interpersonales y sociales, la construcción del género]	La casa de Bernarda Alba	15
6758240103	Federico García Lorca (Vanguardismo) [Las sociedades en contacto: pluralismo racial y desigualdad económica]	"Prendimiento de Antoñito el Camborio en el camino de Sevilla" del Romancero gitano	16
6758240104	Gabriel García Márquez (El Boom en Latino América) [La imaginación y la creación literaria]	"El ahogado más hermoso del mundo"	17
6758240105	Gabriel García Márquez (El Boom en Latino América) [Las relaciones interpersonales y sociales, desigualdad social]	"La siesta del martes"	18
6758240106	Garcilaso de la Vega (Renacimiento/"Siglo de Oro") [Tiempo y espacio: tema y técnica, construcción del género]	Soneto XXIII, "En tanto que de rosa y azucena"	19
6758240107	Luis de Góngora (El Barroco) [Tiempo y espacio: tema y técnica, construcción del género]	Soneto CLXVI, "Mientras por competir con tu cabello"	20
6758240108	Nicolás Guillén (Vanguardismo) [Las sociedades en contacto: pluralismo racial y desigualdad económica]	"Balada de los dos abuelos"	21
6758240109	José María Heredia (Romanticismo) [Tiempo y espacio: tema y técnica]	"En una tempestad"	22
6758240110	Miguel León-Portilla (Literature Colonial/Crónicas de las Indias) [Las sociedades en contacto: pluralismo racial y desigualdad económica]	Visión de los vencidos, "Los presagios, según los informantes de Sahagún" y "Se ha perdido el pueblo mexica"	23
6758240111	Antonio Machado (Generación del '98 en España) [La dualidad del ser y el enigma de la existencia]	"He andado muchos caminos"	24
6758240112	José Martí (Modernismo en Latino América) [Las sociedades en contacto: pluralismo racial y desigualdad económica]	"Nuestra América"	25
6758240113	Rosa Montero (Literatura Contemporánea y La Voz Femenina) [Tiempo y espacio: tema y técnica]	"Como la vida misma"	26
6758240114	Nancy Morejón (Literatura Contemporánea y La Voz Femenina) [Tiempo y espacio: tema y técnica, construcción del género]	"Mujer negra"	27
6758240115	Pablo Neruda (Vanguardismo) [La dualidad del ser y el enigma de la existencia]	"Walking around"	28
6758240116	Emilia Pardo Bazán (Realismo/Naturalismo) [La construcción del género, las sociedades en contacto: pluralismo racial y desigualdad económica]	"Las medias rojas"	29
6758240117	Francisco de Quevedo (El Barroco) [Tiempo y espacio: tema y técnica]	Salmo XVII, "Miré los muros de la patria mía"	30
6758240118	Horacio Quiroga (Realismo/Naturalismo) [Las relaciones interpersonales y sociales]	"El hijo"	31
6758240119	Tomás Rivera (Hispanoamericano) [Las sociedades en contacto: pluralismo racial y desigualdad económica]	... y no se lo tragó la tierra, dos capítulos: " ... y no se lo tragó la tierra" y "La noche buena"	32
6758240120	Juan Rulfo (El Boom en Latino América) [Las relaciones interpersonales y sociales, desigualdad social]	"No oyes ladrar los perros"	33
6758240121	Alfonsina Storni (Postmodernismo en Latino América) [La construcción del género: machismo y feminismo]	"Peso ancestral"	34
6758240122	Tirso de Molina (Renacimiento/"Siglo de Oro") [La construcción del género: machismo y feminismo]	El burlador de Sevilla y convidado de piedra	35
6758240123	Sabine Ulibarrí (Hispanoamericano) [La imaginación y la creación literaria]	"Mi caballo mago"	36
6758240124	Miguel de Unamuno (Generación del '98 en España) [La dualidad del ser y el enigma de la existencia]	San Manuel Bueno, mártir	37

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AP Literature Flashcards

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2764851115	Allegory	a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one	0
2764851116	Alliteration	the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.	1
2764851117	Allusion	an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference	2
2764851118	Anaphora	is a rhetorical device that consists of repeating a sequence of words at the beginnings of neighboring clauses, thereby lending them emphasis or the use of a word referring to or replacing a word used earlier in a sentence, to avoid repetition	3
2764851119	Anastrophe	the inversion of the usual order of words or clauses.	4
2764851120	Anecdote	a short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person	5
2764851121	Antimetabole	is the repetition of words in successive clauses, but in transposed grammatical order	6
2764851122	Anti-hero	a central character in a story, movie, or drama who lacks conventional heroic attributes.	7
2764851123	Anthropomorphism	is any attribution of human characteristics (or characteristics assumed to belong only to humans) to animals, non-living things, phenomena, material states, objects or abstract concepts, such as organizations, governments, spirits or deities.	8
2764851124	Aphorism	a pithy observation that contains a general truth	9
2764851125	Apostrophe	an exclamatory passage in a speech or poem addressed to a person (typically one who is dead or absent) or thing (typically one that is personified).	10
2764851126	Apposition	a relationship between two or more words or phrases in which the two units are grammatically parallel and have the same referent	11
2764851127	Archetype	a recurrent symbol or motif in literature, art, or mythology	12
2764851128	Assonance	in poetry, the repetition of the sound of a vowel or diphthong in non-rhyming stressed syllables near enough to each other for the echo to be discernible	13
2764851129	Asyndeton	the omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence.	14
2764851130	Ballad	a poem or song narrating a story in short stanzas. Traditional ballads are typically of unknown authorship, having been passed on orally from one generation to the next as part of the folk culture.	15
2764851131	Bildungsroman	a novel dealing with one person's formative years or spiritual education.	16
2764851132	Blank Verse	verse without rhyme, esp. that which uses iambic pentameter.	17
2764851133	Bombastic	high-sounding language with little meaning, used to impress people.	18
2764851134	Cacophony	a harsh, discordant mixture of sounds	19
2764851135	Caesura	a pause near the middle of a line	20
2764851136	Caricature	the art or style of such exaggerated representation	21
2764851137	Catharsis	the process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions.	22
2764851138	Chiasmus	a rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form;	23
2764851139	Colloquialism	a word or phrase that is not formal or literary, typically one used in ordinary or familiar conversation.	24

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AP Literature Vocabulary Flashcards

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4033898253	Light Verse	A variety of poetry meant to entertain or amuse, but sometimes with a satirical thrust	0
4033902575	Litotes	A form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis or intensity	1
4033907519	Loose sentence	A sentence that follows the customary word order of English sentences, i.e.,subject-verb-object. The main idea of the sentence is presented first and is then followed by one or more subordinate clauses	2
4033919152	Lyric Poetry	Personal, reflective poetry that reveals the speakers thoughts and feelings about the subject	3
4033925919	Maxim	A saying or proverb expressing common wisdom or truth	4
4033927388	Melodrama	A literary form in which events are exaggerated in order to create an extreme emotional response	5
4033931671	Metaphor	A figure of speech that compares unlike objects	6
4033935652	Metaphysical poetry	The work of poets, particularly those of the seventeenth century, that uses elaborate conceits, is highly intellectual, and expresses the complexities of love and life	7
4033951837	Meter	The pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables found in poetry	8
4033951838	Metonymy	A figure of speech that uses the name of one thing to represent something else with which it is associated	9
4033951839	Middle English	The language spoken in England roughly between 1150 and 1500AD	10
4033955465	Naturalism	A term often used as a synonym for realism; also a view of experience that is generally characterized as bleak ad pessimistic	11
4033961889	Non Sequitur	A statement or idea that fails to follow logically from the one before	12
4033966269	Novella	A work of fiction of roughly 20,000 to 50,000 words-longer than a short story, but shorter than a novel	13
4033976287	Mock Epic	A parody of traditional epic form. it usually treats a frivolous topic with extreme seriousness, using conventions such as invocations to the Muse. action-packed battle scenes, and accounts of heroic exploits	14
4033993402	mode	The general form, pattern, and manner of expression of a work of literature	15
4033996251	Montage	A quick succession of images or impression used to express an idea	16
4034001681	Mood	The emotional tone in a work of literature	17
4034003352	Moral	A brief and often simplistic lesson that a reader may infer from a work of literature	18
4034007386	Motif	A phase, idea, or event that through repetition serves to unify or convey a theme in a work of literature	19
4034014129	Muse	One of the ancient Greek goddesses presiding over the arts. The imaginary source of inspiration for an artist or writer	20
4034017848	Myth	An imaginary story that has become an accepted part of cultural or religious tradition of a group or society. They are often used to explain natural phenomena. Almost every culture has one of these to account for the creation of the world it inhabitants.	21
4033949348	Meter	The pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables found in poetry	22
4033949349	Metonymy		23

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AP Language--Unit 2 Vocab Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

4930782379	Raze	Destroy	0
4930782380	Stentorian	Loud	1
4930782381	Scurry	Run hastily	2
4930782382	Recant	Withdraw previous statements	3
4930782383	Epithet	Descriptive Name	4
4930782384	Sinecure	Soft job	5
4930782385	Relegate	Assign to an inferior position	6
4930782386	Supine	Lying on the back	7
4930782387	Paragon	Model of excellence	8
4930782388	Fetter	To hamper	9
4930782389	Gregarious	Sociable	10
4930782390	Preclude	Prevent	11
4930782391	Invalidate	To deprive of legal force, to nullify	12
4930782392	Declaim	Speak loudly	13
4930782393	Extrinsic	Foreign; coming from outside	14
4930782394	Asperity	Harshness of temper	15
4930782395	Complicity	Partnership in wrongdoing	16
4930782396	Precipitate	Hasten; Hurry	17
4930782397	Culpable	Deserving blame	18
4930782398	Abrogate	Abolish	19

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