| CourseNotes

WHAP final review 20-40 Flashcards

286227728	How did the followers see Buddha and Jesus?	The followers saw them as gods.	0
286227729	What has been put forward by scholars as a possible factor in the emergence of slavery within the First Civilizations?	The early domestication of animals provided the model for enslaving people.	1
286227730	How were India and China's social structures different?	In both India and China, birth determined social status for most people, little social mobility existed, and sharp distinctions characterized social life. India had the caste system and China had different classes. In China, the classes were the elite, the merchants who were disliked by the elite, and the peasants who were appreciated for their work.	2
286227731	In comparison to Han China, what did all of the city states of classical Greece economically possess?	slavery?	3
286227732	In which ancient societies did women enjoy the fewest restrictions?	Sparta	4
286227733	Which philosophies and religions provided a unifying ideology for peasant rebellions?	The Mandate of Heaven and Buddhism	5
286227734	What distinguished the experience of women in Sparta from those in Athens?	In Athens, the view on women was far more negative than that of the militaristic and less democratic Sparta. Athenian women were looked down upon and very inferior to men. Their main job was to produce male children and take care of the house. They usually married at age 15 to some much older. In Sparta, the girls participated in sports to strengthen their bodies for childbirth, were educated like the boys, married men their age, and produced male children to be warriors of Sparta. Often the men were away at war so the women would be in charge.	6
286227735	In the centuries following the fall of the Han Empire, how did Chinese women benefit?	Growing popularity of Doaism and buddhism provided new images of the female and new roles for women.	7
286227736	What occurrences led to the collapse of Maya civilization in the ninth century c.e.?	Politically, there was disunity. Also, there was the population growth to perhaps 5 million which lead to outstripped resources causing long droughts. Warfare became common.	8
286227737	Which region produced no civilization during the classical period?	South Africa	9
286227738	Which cultures produced a written language? The Maya? The Niger River Valley? The Moche?" the ancestral Pueblo?	The Maya	10
286227739	Describe the spread of the Bantu peoples to southern and eastern Africa?	The bantu peoples were agriculturally generated allowing more of them to live in smaller areas, they immunity to a disease they spread to southern and eastern africa who didnt, and they had iron for tools and weapons.	11
286227740	In their political organization of highly fragmented city-states, the Maya were most like classical Greece. Mesoamerican and Andean cultures were similar in that both were dominated by cities or regional states rather than a single empire.	...	12
286227741	Both the cultures that took shape in the Chaco canyon region and those that took shape in the Mississippi River Valley adopted maize from Mesoamerica.	...	13
286227742	Civilizations of the Andes region had the need for elaborate irrigation projects that helped create strong states in the region.	...	14
286227743	Were the Silk Roads largely a relay trade route?	The Silk Roads were largely a relay trade route, in which goods were passed down the line rather than carried by one merchant along the entire route.	15
286227744	What was the emergence of the Silk Roads facilitated by?	The manufacturing of silk by China and the crystalized sugar in India	16
286227745	Which of the following states had the greatest control over economic exchange within its borders? Aztec or Inca Empires, or Byzantium, or China?	China	17
286227746	What luxury goods came to symbolize the Eurasian exchange system?	Silk and porcelain	18
286227747	Mesoamerica and the Andes seem to have had little direct contact with each other. Despite other difficulties, what was long-distance trade in the Americas facilitated by?	Inca roads which transported goods by llama and caravan	19

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP US Government Chapter 12 Flashcards

Chapter 12 vocab terms

Terms : Hide Images

220754806	incumbents	those already holding office. In congressional elections, incumbents usually win.	0
220754807	casework	activities of members of congress that help constituents as individuals; cutting through bureaucratic red tape to get to people what they think they have a right to get.	1
220779434	pork barrel	the mighty list of federal projects, grants, and contracts available to cities, businesses, colleges, and institutions available in a congressional district	2
220779435	bicameral legislature	a legislature divided into two houses. The U.S. Congress and every american state legislature except Nebraska's are bicameral	3
220779436	House Rules Committee	an institutional unique to the house of representatives that reviews all bills (except revenue, budget, and appropriation bills) coming from a house committee before they go to the full house.	4
220779437	filibuster	a strategy unique to the senate whereby opponents of a piece of legislation try to talk it to death, based on the tradition of unlimited debate. Today, 60 members present and voting can halt a filibuster	5
220779438	Speaker of the House	an office mandated by the constitution. The speaker is chosen in practice by the majority party, has both formal and informal powers, and is second in line to succeed to the presidency should that office become vacant.	6
220779439	majority party	the principal partisan ally of the speaker of the house or the party's manager in the senate. The majority leader is responsible for scheduling bills, influencing committee assignments, and rounding up votes in behalf of the party's legislative positions	7
220779440	whips	party leaders who work with the majority leader, or minority leader to count votes beforehand and lean on waverers whose votes are crucial to a bill favored by the party	8
220779441	minority leader	the principal leader of the minority party in the house of representatives or in the senate	9
220779442	standing committees	separate subject-matter committees in each house of congress that handle bills in different policy areas	10
220779443	joint committees	congressional committees on a few subject-matter areas with membership drawn from both houses	11
220779444	conference committees	Congressional committees formed when the Senate and the House pass a particular bill in different forms. Party leadership appoints members from each house to iron out the differences and bring back a single bill.	12
220779445	select committees	congressional committees appointed for a specific purpose, such as the Watergate investigation	13
220779446	legislative oversight	congress's monitoring of the bureaucracy and its administration of policy, performed mainly through hearings	14
220779447	committee chairs	The most important influencers of the congressional agenda. They play dominant roles in scheduling hearings, hiring staff, appointing subcommittees, and managing committee bills when they are brought before the full house.	15
220779448	seniority system	A simple rule for picking committee chairs, in effect until the 1970s. The member who had served on the committee the longest and whose party controlled Congress became chair, regardless of party loyalty, mental state, or competence.	16
220779449	Caucus (congressional)	a group of congress sharing some interest or characteristic. Most are composed of members from both parties and from both houses	17
220779450	bill	a proposed law, drafted in precise, legal language. Anyone can draft a bill, but only a member of the house of representatives or the senate can formally submit a bill for consideration	18

Powered by Quizlet.com

APUSH Chapter 27- Empire and Expansion Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

985308310	Samoa Islands	remote Pacific site of a naval clash between the US and Germany in 1889	0
985308311	Chile	South American nation that nearly came to blows with the US in 1892 over an incident involving the deaths of American soldiers	1
985308312	Monroe Doctrine	the principle of US foreign policy invoked by Olney to justify US intervention in the Venezuelan boundary dispute	2
985308313	Yellow Journalism	term for the sensationalistic and jingoistic journalisn practiced by W. R. Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer	3
985308314	Maine	US battleship sent on a "friendly" visit to Havana, Cuba that ended in disaster and war	4
985308316	Manila Bay	site of the dramatic US naval victory that lead to US acquisition of rich, Spanish-owned Pacific Islands	5
985308317	Rough Riders	calvary volunteer regiment of the Spanish-American War led by Roosevelt	6
985308318	Teller Amendment	added to the declaration of war against Spain- stated that the US had no intent of exercising control over Cuba at the end of the war	7
985308319	Treaty of Paris	1898- Ended the Spanish American War: US receives Guam, Puerto Rico, & the Philippines	8
985308320	Anti-Imperialist League	group that organized in protest of US attempts to colonize foreign nations	9
985308321	Foraker Act	1900- gave Puerto Rico a limited degree of popular government- large numbers of Puerto Ricans moved to NYC	10
985308322	Insular Cases	Supreme Court cases that said the Constitution didn't follow the flag- applies to the inhabitants of foreign countries we controlled	11
985308323	Platt Amendment	added to the Cuban constitution-stated that the US had the right to intervene if Cuban democracy was threatened	12
985308324	Philippine Insurrection	led be Emilio Aguinaldo, the Filipinos rose	13
985308325	Open Door Note	issued by John Hay, it stated that all nations should respect free trade in China	14
985308326	Boxer Rebellion	young Chinese nationalists who rebelled in order to throw out foreigners- was suppressed by a multi-national force including the US	15
985308328	Puerto Rico	Caribbean island conquered from Spain in 1898 that became an important US colony	16
985308331	Josiah Strong	US clergyman who preached Anglo-Saxon superiority and called for stronger US missionary effort overseas	17
985308332	Alfred Thayer Mahan	US naval officer who wrote influential books emphasizing sea power and advocating a big navy	18
985308333	Emilio Aguinaldo	Filipino leader of a guerrilla war against US rule from 1899 to 1901	19
985308334	Queen Liliuokalani	Native Hawaiian ruler overthrown in aa revolution led by white planters and aided by US troops	20
985308335	Grover Cleaveland	US president who refused to annex Hawaii on the grounds that the native ruler has been unjustly deposed	21
985308336	"Butcher" Weyler	Spanish general whose brutal tactics against Cuban rebels outraged US public opinion	22
985308338	William R. Hearst	vigorous promoter of sensationalistic anti-Spanish propaganda and eager advocate of imperialistic war	23
985308339	William McKinley	president who initially opposed war with Spain but eventually supported US acquisition of the Philippines	24
985308340	Alfred Thayer Mahan	author of the "Influence of Sea Power On History"	25
985308341	James G. Blaine	secretary of state who organized the Pan-American Conference	26
985308501	Richard Olney	secretary of state who invoked the Monroe Doctrine in an attempt to settle the Venezuelan Boundary dispute between Britain and Venezuela	27
985308523	Butcher Weyler	Spanish Commander sent over to suppress Cuban insurrection and destruction of property	28
985308760	Dupuy de Lome	Spanish minister who wrote a letter which was critical of William McKinley	29
985308838	Theodore Roosevelt	organizer of the Rough Riders and its most famous members	30
985308839	George Dewey	US naval commander who defeated the Spanish fleet at Manilia	31
985308840	Emilo Aquinaldo	Filipino who fought with the US against the Spanish and then against the US when the Filipino people were not given their independence	32
985308841	Big Sister Policy	James Blaine, secretary of state, pushed the policy of rallying the Latin American nations behind US leadership and the opening of Latin American markets to trade	33
985308842	John Hay	Secretary of State who issued the Open Door Note and the extension to the Open Door Note	34
985308843	Philippe Bunau-Varilla	scheming French engineer who worked to make sure France was paid for the portion of the canal they had already constructed	35
985308845	George Washington Goethals	engineer who supervised the construction of the Panama canal	36
985308847	Reconcentration camps	barbed wire barriers that Butcher Weyler ordered Cubans subject of	37
985308848	Jingoism	foreign policy of threats and other intimidations toward another nation	38
985308849	Imperialism	the policy of establishing colonies and building an empire	39
985308850	Guerrilla Warfare	derived from the Spanish word which means "little war" hit and run tactics	40
985308851	Spheres of Influence	phrase utilized to indicate a situation in which a more powerful influence exercises an unusual amount of control over the government of another nation	41
985308852	"yellow peril"	the ever increasing numbers of laborers coming into the country from China	42
985308853	Pan-American Conference	1889- modest results but an important first step of inter-American co-op	43

Powered by Quizlet.com

APUSH Ch 37 FDR and The Shadow of War, 1933-1941 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

1272479394	London Economic Conference (1933)	International economic conference called by League of Nations. When proposals were made to stabilize currencies, Roosevelt withdrew his support. Conference ended without any agreement.	0
1272479395	Tydings-McDuffie Act (1934)	provided for the independence of Philippines after a 12 year period of econimc, political tutelage	1
1272479396	"Good Neighbor" Policy	FDR's foreign policy of promoting better relations w/Latin America by using economic influence rater than military force in the region	2
1272479397	"Nonintervention"	This term, associated with the Monroe Doctrine, describes the United States decision regarding their involvement in European affairs.	3
1272479398	Mexican oil expropriation (1938)	The Mexican Oil Expropriation was the nationalization of Mexico's petroleum reserves.	4
1272479399	Cordell Hull	The Secretary of State who believed that trade was a two-way street, that a nation can sell abroad only as it buys abroad, that tariff barriers choke off foreign trade, and that trade wars beget shooting wars. He was one of the main contributors to the reciprocal trade policy of the New Dealers. (P.802)	5
1272479400	Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act (1934)	designed to lift American export trade from the depression doldrums, aimed at relief and recovery, activated the low-tariff policies of the New Dealers, provided that the the other country involved was willing to respond with similar reductions (based on the idea that trade is a two-way street - Hull)	6
1272479401	Joseph Stalin	Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)	7
1272479402	Benito Mussolini	Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy. (p. 786)	8
1272479403	Adolph Hitler	Adolph Hitler was a little-known political leader whose early life had been marked by disappointment. When WWI broke out, Hitler found a new beginning. he volunteered for the German army and was twice awarded the iron Cross, a medal for bravery. At the end of the war, Hitler settled in Munich. German Workers' Party, called Nazi for short. Its policies formed the German brand of fascism. It's symbol was a swastika. Hitler's success as an organizer and speaker led him to be chosen to be leader of the Nazi Party. Hitler and the Nazi's plotted to seize power. In 1932 the nazis had become the largest political party. Conservative leaders believed they could control Hitler and use him for their purposes. Hitler came to power legally in 1933. Hitler used his new power to turn Germany into a totalitarian state. he took propaganda to a new level. He enforced the secret police. His hatred of the jews, or anti-Semitism, was a key part of nazi ideology. They were Germany's scapegoats. Hitler led to the way and leaded the Holocaust.	9
1272479404	Nazi party	National Socialist German Workers Party; the political party founded in Germany in 1919 and brought to power by Hitler in 1933	10
1272479405	Rome-Berlin Axis (1936)	Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hitler, and Fascist Italy, led by Benito Mussolini, allied themselves together under this nefarious treaty. The pact was signed after both countries had intervened on behalf of the fascist leader Francisco Franco during the Spanish Civil War. (856)	11
1272479406	Ethiopian invasion (1935)	One of three African countries not controlled by a European power prior to 1935. Mussolini invaded Ethiopia to restore glory of Roman Empire. League of Nations took no actions.	12
1272479407	Isolationism	abstention from alliances and other international political and economic relations; American foreign policy	13
1272479408	Nye committee (1934)	formed to investigate whether or not munitions manufacturers and bankers were pro-war in WWI soley to make profit; increased anti-war atmosphere and push to pass Neutrality Acts	14
1272479409	Neutrality Acts (1935, 1936, 1937)	series of laws that provided Americans could not ship weapons, loan money, travel on belligerent ships, extend credit, or deliver goods to any belligerent countries; they were high tide of isolationism, and all were repealed between 1939 to 1941.	15
1272479410	Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)	In 1936 the army revolted and civil war began- between the Rebels and Loyalists. Republicans were backed by most ordinary Spaniards and the Soviet Union. Rebels were backed by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. This ended in 1939 with a victory for the Rebels.	16
1272479411	Gen. Francisco Franco	lead the army in revolt and lead the nationalists against the Spanish republic in the civil war.	17
1272479412	Japanese invasion of China (1937)	A clash occurred between Chinese and Japanese troops near Peiping in North China. When this clash was followed by indications of intensified military activity on the part of Japan, Secretary of State Hull urged upon the Japanese Government a policy of self-restraint. In a conversation of July 12 with Japanese Ambassador Saito, Secretary Hull elaborated upon the futility of war and its awful consequences, emphasizing the great injury to the victor as well as to the vanquished in case of war. He said that a first-class power like Japan not only could afford to exercise general self-restraint but that in the long run it was far better that this should characterize the attitude and policy of the Japanese Government; that he had been looking forward to an early period when Japan and the United States would have opportunity for world leadership with a constructive program like that proclaimed by the American republics at Buenos Aires in December 1936 for the purpose of restoring and preserving stable conditions of business and of peace.	18
1272479413	FDR's "quarantine speech" (1937)	FDR's quarantine speech was intended to tell the people that the United States should remain un-envolved in foreign affairs.	19
1272479414	Panay incident (1937)	Japanese bombers engaged in war with China bombed and sank the marked U.S. gunboat Panay and three Standard Oil ships, which were evacuating American officials from China. Japan accepted responsibilities of bombing the ships, made a formal apology and promised indemnities later set at $2 million.	20
1272479415	Rhineland invasion (1935)	The invasion of Rhineland was a non-violent invasion. The event remilitarized Rhineland.	21
1272479416	Holocaust	the Nazi program of exterminating Jews under Hitler	22
1272479417	Austrian annexation (1938)	Hitler coerced Austrian chancellor to put Austrian Nazis in charge of the government, invited German Nazis to come and "help maintain order".	23
1272479418	Sudetenland (1938)	appeasement; Hitler promised that his last territorial demand was the Sudeten territory from Czechoslovakia	24
1272479419	Munich Conference (1938)	During the Munich Conference of 1938, Britain and France met with Hitler, allowing him to take over Czechoslovakia as long as he agreed to expand no further. The agreement was seen as an assurance of peace.	25
1272479420	"Appeasement"	policy by which Czechoslovakia, Great Britain and France agreed to Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland in agreement for not taking any additional Czech territory.	26
1272479421	Hitler-Stalin Non-Aggression Treaty (1939)	The Hitler-Stalin Non-Aggression treaty was created to supply peace between Germany and USSR.	27
1272479422	Invasion of Poland (1939)	Germans invaded Poland using blitzkreg. Britain and France declared war and Canada a week later. Started the 2nd World war	28
1272479423	Neutrality Act ("Cash-and-Carry") (1939)	Series of laws passed by Congress in 1935 that banned arms sales or loans to countries at war.	29
1272479424	"SS" (Schutzstaffel)	Elite guard, under the command of Heinrich Himmler, responsible for the administration of the concentration camps and for carrying out the "Final Solution"	30
1272479425	American Jewish Committee	1914 - formed as organizations representing different segments of the American Jewish community pool their funds and cooperate to apportion and send money and supplies abroad for Jewish war relief. American Jews felt guilty, especially Jews who left family behind in Europe during the war (WWI) so they feel the need to send money to help as much as they can.	31
1272479426	American Jewish Congress	Civil rights organization to defend the rights of minorities in the US, and to defend and support Israel.	32
1272479427	"Phony War"	was a phase in early World War II marked by few military operations in Continental Europe, in the months following the German invasion of Poland and preceding the Battle of France. Although the great powers of Europe had declared war on one another, neither side had yet committed to launching a significant attack, and there was relatively little fighting on the ground	33
1272479428	Invasion of France (1940)	As the Soviets pushed toward Germany from the east. Allies were planning a massive invasion of France from the west. Landed on the French coast of Normandy, on July 6, 1944. From Normandy the Allies pushed across France, and liberated Paris.	34
1272479429	Winston Churchill	A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West.	35
1272479430	Havana Conference (1940)	the United States agreed to share with its twenty New World neighbors the responsibility of upholding the Monroe Doctrine	36
1272479431	"Battle of Britain" (1940)	series of air strikes on Britain by Germany from August to November of 1940 in an attempt to gain air supremacy.	37
1272479432	Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies	The group advocated American military materiel support for Britain as the best way to keep the United States out of the conflict then raging in Europe. Politically, they would be classified as being pro-intervention; that is, they strongly believed the United States should actively assert itself in the War in Europe. The CDAAA supported the Lend-Lease Act; they opposed the various Neutrality Acts of the late 1930's and sought their revision or repeal. The CDAAA disagreed strongly with another powerful group, the America First Committee, who advocated complete neutrality and non-intervention. The America First Committee believed that the U.S. should not become involved in foreign conflicts.	38
1272479433	America First Committee (Lindbergh)	A committee organized by isolationists before WWII, who wished to spare American lives. They wanted to protect America before we went to war in another country. Charles A. Lindbergh (the aviator) was its most effective speaker.	39
1272479434	Destroyer Deal (1940)	the U.S. traded 50 old-model destroyers left over from WWI to Britain in return for eight valuable defensive base sites, stretching from Newfoundland to South America	40
1272479435	Wendell Willkie (1940)	Wendell Willkie was a presidential elect in the year 1940. The Republican gained much support in his quest for presidency.	41
1272479436	Lend-Lease Law (1941)	President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the lend-lease law to give aid to Britain and China. Like loaning a 'garden hose to a neighbor'	42
1272479437	Hitler Invades USSR (1941)	Germany infantry invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. Over 4.5 million troops invaded.	43
1272479438	Atlantic Charter (1941)	World War II alliance agreement between the United States and Britain; included a clause that recognized the right of all people to choose the form of government under which they live; indicated sympathy for decolonization	44
1272479439	Greer, Kearny, and Ruben James incidents (1941)	The sinking of US ships from German torpedoes. This caused increased tension between the two nations.	45
1272479440	Japanese embargoes (1940-1941)	Japan needed U.S. for its Strategic Materials which were key to fighting a war, U.S. cut back on these materials to try and prevent Japan from entering war, Ultimately lead Japan to attacking Pearl Harbor.	46
1272479441	Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941)	The Japanese naval air force made a surprise attack on the U.S. naval base in this place in Hawaii. Several battleships of the U.S. Pacific fleet were damaged or sunk. This attack resulted in an Amercian declaration of war the following day. Canada also declared war on Japan. Canadian soldiers in Hong Kong were soon fighting as the Japanese attacked the British colony the same day as this.	47
1272479442	German war declaration (December 11, 1941)	Germany declaration of war against the United States. Mainly caused by Britian's declaration of war against Germany.	48

Powered by Quizlet.com

Chapter 11 AP Biology Cell Communication PRACTICE TEST Flashcards

Chapter 11 AP Biology Cell communication
Dana Hills High School

Terms : Hide Images

1928858596	Cell-to-Cell communication is important in both_____________ and ___________ organisms.	Multicellular Unicellular	0
1928858597	What are the most common signals?	Chemical Signals	1
1928858598	What cell 'conversation" occurs in yeast?	Sex	2
1928858599	What are the two sexes for reproduction conversation?	a alpha	3
1928858600	The similarities between signaling systems provides supporting evidence to the theory of	evolution	4
1928858601	Similarities between signaling systems can be found within____ and _____, as well as, _____ and ____	bacteria plants yeast animals	5
1928858602	Multicellular organisms release _____ ______ that target other cells	signaling molecules	6
1928858603	True or False: "a" factors and alpha factors bind to the receptor proteins of the other mating type to form an a/alpha cell containing the genes of both cells	True	7
1928858604	What are the three types of cell communication?	Direct communication local communication long-distance communication	8
1928858605	For cells to communicate directly animals cells use ___ ______ and plant cells use ______	gap junctions plasmodesmota	9
1928858606	True or false: Signaling molecules dissolved in the cytosol can pass freely between adjacent cells	True	10
1928858607	Cell-to-cell recognition is important to what processes?	Embryonic development and the immune response	11
1928858608	____ molecules are secreted by the signaling cell.	messenger	12
1928858609	____ ____ are transmitting cells that influence cells in the local vicinity	Local regulators	13
1928858610	_____ ______, includes compounds that stimulate nearby target cells to grow and multiply.	Growth factors	14
1928858611	True or False: Growth factors are a class of signaling molecules in plants	False; Growth factors are a class of local regulators in animals	15
1928858612	_____ signaling occurs when numerous cells simultaneously receive and response to growth factors produced by a single cell in their vicinity.	Paracrine	16
1928858613	In ______ signaling, a nerve cell produces a neurotransmitter that diffuses across a synapse to a single cell that is almost touching the sender.	synpatic	17
1928858614	The transmission of a signal through the nervous system can be considered an example of _____ ______ _________.	long-distance signaling	18
1928858615	Because of their ____ _____, plants must have different mechanisms from animals.	cell walls	19
1928858616	Plants and animals use ______ for long-distance signaling	hormones	20
1928858617	In animals, specialized _____ cells release hormones into the circulatory system, by which they travel to target cells in other parts of the body	endocrine	21
1928858618	Plant hormones, called _____ ______, may travel in vessels but more often travel from cell to cell or move through air by diffusion	growth regulators	22
1928858619	The plant hormone ______ (C2H4) is a _______ of only six atoms, capable of passing through cell walls	Ethylene hydrocarbon	23
1928858620	The signal must be recognized by a specific receptor molecule, and the information it carries must be changed into another form, or _______, inside the cell before the cell can response	transduced	24
1928858621	What are the three stages of cell signaling?	Reception Transduction Response	25
1928858622	Who is responsible for our understanding of cell signaling?	E W Sutherland	26
1928858623	E W Sutherland investigated how the animal hormone ______ stimulates breakdown of the storage polysaccharide _____ in liver and skeletal muscle.	Epinephrine glycogen	27
1928858624	One effect of epinephrine	mobilization of fuel reserves	28
1928858625	Epinephrine activates a cytosolic enzyme, ______ ______	glycogen phosphorylase	29
1928858626	In _____, a chemical signal binds to a cellular protein, typically at the cell's surface of inside the cell.	reception	30
1928858627	In ______, binding leads to a change in the receptor that triggers a series of changes in a series of different molecules along a ______-_______ Pathway	transduction signal transduction	31
1928858628	The molecules in the signal-transduction pathway are called ______ molecules.	relay	32
1928858629	In ______, the transduced signal triggers a specific cellular activity	response	33
1928858630	The cell targeted by a particular chemical signal has a _____ ______ on or in the target cell that recognizes the signal molecule	receptor protein	34
1928858631	______ occurs when the signal binds to a specific site on the receptor that is complementary in shape to signal	recognition	35
1928858632	a ______ is a molecule that binds with specificity to a larger molecule	ligand	36
1928858633	The ligand binding causes the receptor protein to undergo a change in......	conformation	37
1928858634	Most signal receptors are plasma membrane proteins, whose ligands are _____ ______-_______ molecules that are too large to cross the plasma membrane	larger water-soluble	38
1928858635	Some receptor proteins are ______	intracellular	39
1928858636	Most signal receptors are _____ ______ _______.	plasma membrane proteins	40
1928858637	Some signal receptors are dissolved in the _____ or _____ of target cells	cytosol nucleus	41
1928858638	Hydrophobic messengers include the ____ and _____ hormones of animals	steroid thyroid	42
1928858639	_______ _____(NO) is a gas whose small size allows it to pass between plasma membrane phospholipids.	Nitric Oxide	43
1928858640	A molecule must either be ______ enough or _____ enough to pass through the phospholipid interior or the plasma membrane	hydrophobic small	44
1928858641	Activated proteins act as _____ ______	transcription factors	45
1928858642	Transcription factors control which ____ are turned on--or transcribed into mRNA.	genes	46
1928858643	Other _____ ______ are found in the nucleus and bind to the signal molecules there.	intracellular receptors	47
1928858644	True or False: Most signal molecules are water-soluble and too large to pass through the plasma membrane.	True	48
1928858645	What are the three major types of membrane receptors?	G-Protein Tyrosine Kinase Ion-Channel	49
1928858646	A ____-____ ____ consists of a receptor protein associated with a G protein on the cytoplasmic side	G-protein receptor	50
1928858647	True or False: The G-Protein receptor consists of six alpha helices which span the membrane	False; it consists of seven alpha helices	51
1928858648	What are some examples of the many different signal molecules that bind to the G-protein receptor?	Yeast mating factors; Epinephrine and many other hormones; neurotransmitters	52
1928858649	True or False: The G protein acts as an on/off switch	True	53
1928858650	True or False: If GDP is bound to the G protein, the G protein is active.	False; It is inactive	54
1928858651	When the ligand bonds to the receptor, the G protein binds ___ and becomes active.	GTP	55
1928858652	The activated G protein dissociates from the _____ and diffuses along the membrane, where it binds to and enzyme, altering its activity	receptor	56
1928858653	True or False: The G protein can also act as a GTPase enzyme to hydrolyze GTP to GDP, thus, turning the G protein off.	True	57
1928858654	G Protein receptors play important roles during ____ development.	embryonic	58
1928858655	____ and ____ in humans depend on G-protein receptors	vision smell	59
1928858656	True or False: Several human diseases involve G-Protein receptors.	True	60
1928858657	Bacterial infections causing _____ and _____ interfere with G-Protein function.	cholera botulism	61
1928858658	A _____ is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups	Kinase	62
1928858659	the ____-_____ receptor system is especially effective when the cell needs to trigger several signal transduction pathways and cellular responses at once.	Tyrosine-kinase	63
1928858660	The tyrosine kinase receptor system helps the cell regulate and coordinate many aspects of cell ____ and ______	growth reproduction	64
1928858661	True or False: The tyrosine kinase receptor belongs to a major class of membrane receptors that have enzymatic activity	True	65
1928858662	The cytoplasmic side of these receptors functions as a tyrosine kinase, transferring a _____ group from ATP to tyrosine on a substrate protein.	phosphate	66
1928858663	An individual tyrosine kinase receptor consists of several parts:	an extracellular signal-binding site, an intracellular tail with several tyrosines, and a single alpha helix spanning the membrane	67
1928858664	In _____ _____ receptors, the ligands bind to two receptors, causing the two receptors to aggregate and form a dimer	tyrosine kinase	68
1928858665	The _______ activates the tyrosine-kinase section of the receptors, each of which then adds phosphate from ATP to the tyrosine tail of the other polypeptide	dimerization	69
1928858666	The fully activated receptor proteins activate a variety of specific relay proteins that bind to specific _________ tyrosine molecules	phosphorylated	70
1928858667	True or false: One tyrosine-kinase receptor dimer may activate only on intracellular protein	False; it may activate ten or more different intracellular proteins simultaneously	71
1928858668	A______-_______ ______ ______ is a type of membrane receptor that can act as a gate when the receptor changes shape	ligand-gated ion channel	72
1928858669	When a _____ binds to the receptor protein, the gate opens to allow the flow of specific ions, such as Na or Ca2+, through a channel in the receptor.	ligand	73
1928858670	Ion Channel: Binding by a ligand to the extracellular side changes the protein's shape and _____ the channel	opens	74
1928858671	Ion Channel:When the Ligand dissociates, the channel	closes	75
1928858672	True or False: A change in ion concentration within the cell will not directly affect the activity of the cell.	False; it will directly affect the activity of the cell	76
1928858673	Ligand-gated ion channels are very important in the ____ system.	nervous	77
1928858674	True or False: Some gated ion channels respond to electrical signals, instead of ligands	True	78
1928858675	The transduction stage of signaling is usually a _______ pathway	multistep	79
1928858676	Multi-step pathways provide more opportunities for _____ and _____ than do simpler systems	coordination regulation	80
1928858677	Pathways relay signals from _____ to cellular responses	receptors	81
1928858678	Cascade:The signal-activated receptor activated another _____, which activates another, and so on, until the protein that produces the final cellular response is activated.	protein	82
1928858679	The _____ of proteins is a major theme of cell signaling.	interaction	83
1928858680	Cascade:The relay molecules that relay a signal from receptor to response are mostly _____.	proteins	84
1928858681	Cascade:The original ______molecule is not passed along the pathway and may not even enter the cell.	signaling	85
1928858682	Cascade: At each step, the signal is transduced into a different form, often by a confromational change in a protein by ______.	phosphorylation	86
1928858683	The Phosphorylation of proteins by a _____ ______ is a widespread cellular mechanism for regulation protein activity.	protein kinase	87
1928858684	Cascade: True or False: Most protein kinases act on other substrate proteins	True	88
1928858685	Most phosphorylation occurs at either ____ or _____ amino acids of the substrate protein (unlike tyrosine phosphorylation in tyrosine kinases)	Serine Theonine	89
1928858686	Many of the relay molecules in a signal-transduction pathway are protein kinases that act on other protein kinases to create a	Phosphoylation Cascade	90
1928858687	Each protein phosphorylation leads to a conformational change because of the interaction between the newly added phosphate group and charged or polary ____ ____ on the protein	amino acids	91
1928858688	_____ of a protein typically converts it from an inactive form to an active form	Phosphorylation	92
1928858689	Abnormal activity of protein kinases can cause abnormal cell growth and may contribute to the development of _____	cancer	93
1928858690	The responsibility for turning off a signal-transduction pathway belongs to _______ _____	protein phosphates	94
1928858691	Protein phosphates rapidly remove phosphate groups from proteins though a process called ______	dephosphorylation	95
1928858692	______ also make the protein kinases available for reuse, enabling the cell to respond again to a signal	Phosphatases	96
1928858693	The activity of a protein regulated by ______ depends on the balance of active kinase molecules and active phosphatase molecules	phosphorylation	97
1928858694	True or False: Certain signal molecules and ions are key component of signaling pathways.	True	98
1928858695	Many signaling pathways involve small, water-soluble, nonprotein molecules or ions called___ ______	second messengers	99
1928858696	True or False: ___ ____ rapidly diffuse throughout the cell	Second messengers	100
1928858697	What are the most widely used second messengers?	Cyclic AMP and Ca2+	101
1928858698	Binding by epinephrine leads to increases in the cytosolic concentration of ______	Cyclic AMP	102
1928858699	Adenylyl cyclase converts ____ to cAMP	ATP	103
1928858700	Caffine blocks the conversion of cAMP to AMP, maintaining the system in a state of activation in the absence of ______	epinephrine	104
1928858701	Many hormones and other signal molecules trigger the formation of _____	cAMP	105
1928858702	cAMP diffuses through the cell and activates a serine-threonine kinase called ____ ____ _.	protein kinase a	106
1928858703	Regulation of cell metabolism is also provided by G-protein systems that inhibit _____ _____	Adenylyl cyclase	107
1928858704	Certain ______ cause disease by disrupting G-protein signaling pathways	microbes	108
1928858705	Treatments for certain human conditions involve ______ ______.	signaling pathways	109
1928858706	One pathway uses ____ _____ or cGMP, as a signaling molecule. Its effects include the relaxation of smooth muscle cells in artery walls.	cyclic GMP	110
1928858707	Many signal molecules in animals induce responses in their responses in their target cells via signal-transduction pathways that increase the ______ concentration of Ca2+	cytosolic	111
1928858708	In animal cells, increases in ___ may causes contraction of muscle cells, secretion of certain substances, and cell division.	Ca2+	112
1928858709	In plant cells, increases in ___ trigger responses such as the pathway for greening in response to light.	Ca2+	113
1928858710	Cells use___ as a second messenger in both G-protein pathways and tyrosine kinase pathways	Ca2+	114
1928858711	The Ca2_ concentration in the cytosol is typically much lower than that outside the cell, often by a factor of ______ or more	10,000	115
1928858712	Various _____ _____ transport ca2+ outside the cells or into the endoplasmic reticulum or other organelles; the concentration of Ca2+ in the ER is usually much higher than the concentration in the cytosol	protein pumps	116
1928858713	Because cytosolic Ca2+ is so low, small changes in the absolute numbers of ions causes a relatively large percentage change in ___ concentration	Ca2+	117
1928858714	Signal transduction pathways trigger the release of Ca2_ from the cells __	ER	118
1928858715	The pathways leading to release involve still other second messengers____ and _____	DAG IP3	119
1928858716	DAG and IP3 are created when a _____ cleaves membrane phopholipid PIP2	Phopholipase	120
1928858717	___ activated a gated-calcium channel, releasing Ca2+ from the ER	IP3	121
1928858718	_____ ions activate the next protein in a signal transduction pathway	calcium	122
1928858719	Epinephrine helps regulate cellular energy metabolism by activating enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of _____	glycogen	123
1928858720	The stimulation of _____ breakdown by epinephrine involves a G-protein linked receptor, a G protein, adenylyl cyclase, cAMP, and several protein kinases before glycogen phosphorylase is activated.	glycogen	124
1928858721	Other signaling pathways do not regulate the activity of enzymes but the ____ of enzymes or other proteins	synthesis	125
1928858722	Activated _____ may act as transcription factors that turn specific genes on or off in the nucleus	receptors	126
1928858723	Elaborate pathways _____ and _____ the cell's response to signals	amplify specify	127
1928858724	At each catalytic step in a _____, the number of activated products is much greater than in the preceding step	cascade	128
1928858725	Various types of cells may receive the same signal but produce very different _____	responses	129
1928858726	The explanation for specificity is that different kinds of cells have different collections of ____.	proteins	130
1928858727	A ____ may trigger a single pathway in one cell but trigger a branched pathway in another	signal	131
1928858728	Two pathways may____ to modulate a single response	converge	132
1928858729	Rather than relying on diffusion of large relay molecules such as proteins, many signal pathways are linked together physically by ______ ______.	scaffolding proteins	133
1928858730	The importance of ____ proteins that serve as branch or intersection points in signaling pathways is underscored when these proteins are defective or mission	relay	134
1928858731	As important as activating mechanisms are _____ mechanisms	inactivation	135

Powered by Quizlet.com

centromere, mitosis, cytokinesis, meiosis, mitotic phase, interphase, centrosome, aster, kinetochore, cleavage furrow, cell plate, mitotic spindle, binary fission, transformation, benign tumor, malignant tumor, metastasis
Objectives:
After attending lectures and studying the chapter, the student should be able to:
1. Define gene as it relates to the genetic material in a cell.
2. Describe the composition of the genetic material in bacteria, in archaea, and in eukaryotic cells.
3. State the location of the genetic material in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
4. Distinguish between the structure of the genetic material as chromatin and as
chromosomes.
5. Distinguish between the function of the genetic material as chromatin and as
chromosomes.
6. Relating to eukaryotic cells:
a. Describe the centromere region in the genetic material.
b. State the role of cohesins in duplicated genetic material.
c. Describe the sister chromatids of a duplicated chromosome.
d. State the role of the kinetochores on the chromatids at the centromere of a duplicated
chromosome.
e. Describe spindle fibers and state their role in the separation of chromosomes during eukaryotic cell division.
f. Describe the role of centrosomes in the formation of the spindle apparatus.
g. Distinguish between a gene and an allele.
h. Describe homologous chromosomes.
i. Distinguish between an individual's genome and karyotype.
j. State the number of chromosomes in human haploid cells and in human diploid cells.
k. State which cells in humans are haploid, which cells are diploid, and which cells are neither.
7. State the two major parts of the cell cycle.
8. Describe the differences of growth characteristics between a cancerous (transformed) cell and a normal cell.
8. Relating to the prokaryotic cell cycle:
a. State the number of chromosomes in a prokaryotic cell.
b. State the cellular activities that occur during interphase.
c. Show the process of binary fission that is prokaryotic cell division.
9.

Terms : Hide Images

596453917	Cell Cycle	An ordered sequence of events in the life of a cell	0
596453918	Mitosis	A process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Mitosis conserves chromosome number by allocating replicated chromosomes equally to each of the daughter nuclei.	1
596453919	Prophase	The first stage of mitosis, in which the chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes visible with a light microscope, the mitotic spindle begins to form, and the nucleolus disappears but the nucleus remains intact.	2
596453920	Metaphase	The third stage of mitosis, in which the spindle is complete and the chromosomes, attached to microtubules at their kinetochores, are all aligned at the metaphase plate.	3
596453921	Anaphase	The fourth stage of mitosis, in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell.	4
596453925	Telophase	The fifth and final stage of mitosis, in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokinesis has typically begun.	5
596453932	Cytokinesis	The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells immediately after mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II.	6
596453934	Cell Division	The reproduction of cells	7
596453935	Chromosomes	A cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Each consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins	8
596453936	Chromatin	The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes. When the cell is not dividing, chromatin exists in its dispersed form, as a mass of very long, thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope	9
596453937	Sister Chromatids	Two copies of a duplicated chromosome attached to each other by proteis at the centromere and sometimes, along the arms. While joined, two sister chromatids make up one chromosome. Chromatids are eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II	10
596453938	Centromere	In a duplicated chromosome, the region on each sister chromatid where they are most closely attached to each other by proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences; this close attachment causes a constriction in the condensed chromosome. (An uncondensed, unduplicated chromosome has a single centromere, identified by its DNA sequence.)	11
596453940	mitotic (M) phase	The phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis.	12
596453941	interphase	The period in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing. During interphase, cellular metabolic activity is high, chromosomes and organelles are duplicated, and cell size may increase. Interphase often accounts for about 90% of the cell cycle.	13
596453942	aster	A radial array of short microtubules that extends from each centrosome toward the plasma membrane in an animal cell undergoing mitosis.	14
596453943	tumor	A cancerous tumor containing cells that have significant genetic and cellular changes and are capable of invading and surviving in new sites. Malignant tumors can impair the functions of one or more organs.	15
596453944	Metaphase plate	An imaginary structure located at a plane midway between the two poles of a cell in metaphase on which the centromeres of all the duplicated chromosomes are located.	16
596453945	asexual reproduction	A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.	17
596453946	sexual reproduction	A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.	18
596454314	diploid cell	A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent.	19
596454315	haploid cell	A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).	20
596454317	Meiosis	essential to sex, because it enables each parent to contribute one set of chromosomes-- half the total-- to each diploid offspring.	21
596454319	G1 Phase	The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.	22
596454324	S Phase	The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.	23
596454325	G2 Phase	The second gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs.	24
596454326	Centrosome	A structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells that functions as a microtubule-organizing center and is important during cell division. A centrosome has two centrioles.	25
596454327	Cleavage Furrow	The first sign of cleavage in an animal cell; a shallow groove around the cell in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate.	26
596454328	Cell Plate	A membrane-bounded, flattened sac located at the midline of a dividing plant cell, inside which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis.	27
596454332	Checkpoint	A control point in the cell cycle where stop and go-ahead signals can regulate the cycle.	28
596454333	Histone	Proteins that the DNA is wrapped around	29
596454334	Cell Cycle	An ordered sequence of events in the life of a cell	30
596454335	Mitosis	A process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Mitosis conserves chromosome number by allocating replicated chromosomes equally to each of the daughter nuclei.	31
596454336	Prophase	The first stage of mitosis, in which the chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes visible with a light microscope, the mitotic spindle begins to form, and the nucleolus disappears but the nucleus remains intact.	32
596454340	Prometaphase	The second stage of mitosis, in which the nuclear envelope fragments and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.	33
596454341	Metaphase	The third stage of mitosis, in which the spindle is complete and the chromosomes, attached to microtubules at their kinetochores, are all aligned at the metaphase plate.	34
596454342	Anaphase	The fourth stage of mitosis, in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell.	35
596454343	Telophase	The fifth and final stage of mitosis, in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokinesis has typically begun.	36
596454345	Cytokinesis	The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells immediately after mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II.	37
596454359	Cell Division	The reproduction of cells	38
596454360	Chromosomes	A cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins	39
596454361	Chromatin	The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes. When the cell is not dividing, chromatin exists in its dispersed form, as a mass of very long, thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope	40
596454362	Gametes	A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.	41
596454363	Sister Chromatids	Two copies of a duplicated chromosome attached to each other by proteis at the centromere and sometimes, along the arms. While joined, two sister chromatids make up one chromosome. Chromatids are eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II	42
596454364	Centromere	In a duplicated chromosome, the region on each sister chromatid where they are most closely attached to each other by proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences; this close attachment causes a constriction in the condensed chromosome. (An uncondensed, unduplicated chromosome has a single centromere, identified by its DNA sequence.)	43
596454365	mitotic (M) phase	The phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis.	44
596454366	interphase	The period in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing. During interphase, cellular metabolic activity is high, chromosomes and organelles are duplicated, and cell size may increase. Interphase often accounts for about 90% of the cell cycle.	45
596454378	aster	A radial array of short microtubules that extends from each centrosome toward the plasma membrane in an animal cell undergoing mitosis.	46
596454379	cleavage	(1) The process of cytokinesis in animal cells, characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane. (2) The succession of rapid cell divisions without significant growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote to a ball of cells.	47
596454380	growth factor	(1) A protein that must be present in the extracellular environment (culture medium or animal body) for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells. (2) A local regulator that acts on nearby cells to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation.	48
596454381	kinetochore	A structure of proteins attached to the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle.	49
596454383	tumor	A cancerous tumor containing cells that have significant genetic and cellular changes and are capable of invading and surviving in new sites. Malignant tumors can impair the functions of one or more organs.	50
596454384	Metaphase plate	An imaginary structure located at a plane midway between the two poles of a cell in metaphase on which the centromeres of all the duplicated chromosomes are located.	51
596454385	asexual reproduction	A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.	52
596454387	sexual reproduction	A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.	53
596454388	diploid cell	A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent.	54
596454389	haploid cell	A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).	55
596454391	Meiosis	Meiosis is essential to sex, because it enables each parent to contribute one set of chromosomes-- half the total-- to each diploid offspring.	56
596454397	G1 Phase	The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.	57
596454399	S Phase	The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.	58
596454400	G2 Phase	The second gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs.	59
596454431	Centrosome	A structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells that functions as a microtubule-organizing center and is important during cell division. A centrosome has two centrioles.	60
596454433	Cleavage Furrow	The first sign of cleavage in an animal cell; a shallow groove around the cell in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate.	61
596454435	Cell Plate	A membrane-bounded, flattened sac located at the midline of a dividing plant cell, inside which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis.	62
596454436	Cell cycle	A cyclically operating set of molecules in the eukaryotic cell that both triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle.	63
596454447	Checkpoint	A control point in the cell cycle where stop and go-ahead signals can regulate the cycle.	64
596454448	G0 Phase	A nondividing state occupied by cells that have left the cell cycle, sometimes reversibly.	65

Powered by Quizlet.com

Judiciary Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

339663367	activist approach	the view that judges should discern the general principles underlying laws or the constitution and apply them to modern circumstances	0
339663368	amicus curiae	an adviser to the court on some matter of law who is not a party to the case	1
339663369	appellate jurisdiction	The authority of a court to review decisions made by lower courts	2
339663370	bill of attainder	a legislative act finding a person guilty of treason or felony without a trial	3
339663371	brief	a condensed written summary or abstract	4
339663372	burden of proof	the duty of proving a disputed charge	5
339663373	burger court	a conservative jurist appointed by Nixon that nonetheless continued the judicial activism of the Warren Court as seen by Roe v. Wade; this was due to the other members of the court rather than his own liberal beliefs	6
339663374	civil law	the legal code of ancient Rome	7
339663375	class action suit	a case brought by someone to help him or her and all others who are similarly situated	8
339663376	clear and present danger test	law should not punish speech unless there was a clear and present danger of producing harmful actions	9
339663377	concurrent jurisdiction	authority for both state and federal courts to hear and decide cases	10
339663378	concurring opinion	an opinion that agrees with the court's disposition of the case but is written to express a particular judge's reasoning	11
339663379	congressional act of 1869	...	12
339663380	constitutional courts	Federal courts created by Congress under Article III of the Constitution, including the district courts, courts of appeals, &specialized courts such as the U.S. Court of International Trade	13
339663381	court of appeals	a court whose jurisdiction is to review decisions of lower courts or agencies	14
339663382	criminal law	the body of law dealing with crimes and their punishment	15
339663383	cross-examination	The interrogation of a witness by the opposing party	16
339663384	de facto segregation	segregation (especially in schools) that happens in fact although not required by law	17
339663385	de jure segregation	segregation that is imposed by law	18
339663386	defendant	a person or institution against whom an action is brought in a court of law	19
339663387	dissenting opinion	an opinion that disagrees with the court's disposition of the case	20
339663388	district courts	Lowest level of fed. courts, where fed. cases begin &trials are held (bank robbery, environmental violations, tax evasion)	21
339663389	diversity cases	cases involving citizens of different states who can bring suit in federal courts	22
339663390	docket	a temporally organized plan for matters to be attended to	23
339663391	double jeopardy	the prosecution of a defendant for a criminal offense for which he has already been tried	24
339663392	dual sovereignty	A doctrine holding that state and federal authorities can prosecute the same person for the same conduct, each authority prosecuting under its own law.	25
339663393	eminent domain	the right of the state to take private property for public use	26
339663394	establishment clause	the First Amendment guarantee that the government will not create and support an official state church	27
339663395	ex post facto law	a law that makes an act criminal although the act was legal when it was committed	28
339663396	exclusionary rule	a rule that provides that otherwise admissible evidence cannot be used in a criminal trial if it was the result of illegal police conduct	29
339663397	exclusive jurisdiction	authority of only federal courts to hear and decide cases	30
339663398	fee shifting	a rule that allows a plaintiff to recover costs from the defendant if the plaintiff wins	31
339663399	free exercise clause	the First Amendment guarantee that citizens may freely engage in the religious activities of their choice	32
339663400	grand jury	a jury to inquire in accusations of crime and to evaluate the grounds for indictments	33
339663401	immunity	an act exempting someone	34
339663402	in forma pauperis	A method whereby a poor person can have his or her case heard in federal court without charge	35
339663403	indictment	an accusation of wrongdoing	36
339663404	judicial restraint	view that the courts should reject any active lawmaking functions and stick to judicial interpretations of the past	37
339663405	judicial review	review by a court of law of actions of a government official or entity or of some other legally appointed person or body or the review by an appellate court of the decision of a trial court	38
339663406	judiciary act of 1789	In 1789 Congress passed this Act which created the federal-court system. The act managed to quiet popular apprehensions by establishing in each state a federal district court that operated according to local procedures.	39
339663407	legislative courts	courts created by congress for specialized purposes whose judges do not enjoy the protections of Article III of the constitution	40
339663408	libel	a tort consisting of false and malicious publication printed for the purpose of defaming a living person	41
339663409	litmus test	a test that relies on a single indicator	42
339663410	majority opinion	the opinion joined by a majority of the court (generally known simply as 'the opinion')	43
339663411	obscenity	an offensive or indecent word or phrase	44
339663412	original jurisdiction	the authority to hear cases for the first time	45
339663413	per curiam opinion	a brief, unsigned court opinion	46
339663414	petit jury	a jury of 12 to determine the facts and decide the issue in civil or criminal proceedings	47
339663415	plaintiff	a person who brings an action in a court of law	48
339663416	plea bargain	(criminal law) a negotiation in which the defendant agrees to enter a plea of guilty to a lesser charge and the prosecutor agrees to drop a more serious charge	49
339663417	political question	an issue the Supreme Court will allow the executive and legislative branches decide	50
339663418	precedent	an example that is used to justify similar occurrences at a later time	51
339663419	prior restraint	government censorship of information before it is published or broadcast	52
339663420	procedural due process	Constitutional requirement that governments proceed by proper methods; limits how government may exercise power.	53
339663421	prosecution	the continuance of something begun with a view to its completion	54
339663422	remedy	a judicial order enforcing a right or redressing a wrong	55
339663423	rule of four	Requirement that a case can only be heard by the Supreme Court if four justices vote to hear the case	56
339663424	search warrant	a warrant authorizing law enforcement officials to search for objects or people involved in the commission of a crime and to produce them in court	57
339663425	senatorial courtesy	Presidential custom of submitting the names of prospective appointees for approval to senators from the states in which the appointees are to work.	58
339663426	slander	an abusive attack on a person's character or good name	59
339663427	solicitor general	a law officer appointed to assist an attorney general	60
339663428	sovereign immunity	an exemption that precludes bringing a suit against the sovereign government without the government's consent	61
339663429	standing	the act of assuming or maintaining an erect upright position	62
339663430	stare decisis	Let the decision stand; decisions are based on precedents from previous cases	63
339663431	strict constructionist	a person who interprets the Constitution in a way that allows the federal government to take only those actions the Constitution specifically says it can take	64
339663432	substantive due process	Constitutional requirement that governments act reasonably and that the substance of the laws themselves be fair and reasonable; limits what a government may do.	65
339663433	warren court	the chief justice that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson in Brown v. Board of Education (1954); he was the first justice to help the civil rights movement, judicial activism	66
339663434	writ of certiorari	a common law writ issued by a superior court to one of inferior jurisdiction demanding the record of a particular case	67
339663435	writ of habeas corpus	a writ ordering a prisoner to be brought before a judge	68

753186664	Ethnic cleansing	The killing or imprisonment of an ethnic minority by another ethnic or religious group in the region. Ex. In Yugoslavia the Serbs tried to get rid of the Bosnian Muslims.	0
753186665	"Theater of the Absurd"	A post WWII style of plays stressing the irrational or illogical aspects of life, usually to show that modern life is pointless. Samuel Beckett and Gunter Grass are among key writers.	1
753186666	1972 ABM Treaty	Anti Ballistic Missle Treaty set by President Nixon and Premier Brazhnev that limited construction of missles that could shoot down other missiles and made certain that MAD could take place.	2
753186667	1975 Helsinki Agreement	35 nations pledged to respect basic rights such as religious freedom and freedom of thought; Ford's accomplishment.	3
753186668	Afghanistan War	A conflict between anti-communist Muslim Afghan guerrillas and Afghan government and Soviet forces; overthrew President Khan.	4
753186669	Boris Yeltsin	President of the Russian Republic in 1991; the first post-Cold War leader; came to power by helping Mikhail Gorbachev when hard-line Communists attempted to overthrow him but soon forced Gorbachev to resign & declared an end to the USSR.	5
753186670	Chechnia	Predominately Muslim ethnic republic in the North Caucasus, Russia; fighting for their independence from Russia (Russians consider them terrorists).	6
753186671	Dayton Accords	1995 peace agreement ending the war over the former Yugoslavia, b/t Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Serbia.	7
753186672	E. F. Schumacher	German economist warned about the dangers to the environment; wrote Small Is Beautiful; best known for his critique of Western economies and his proposals for human-scale, decentralized and appropriate technologies.	8
753186673	Erich Honecker	Secretary General of East German Communist Party from 1971-1989; booted out of power in 1989; saw the end of Communism and fall of the Berlin Wall.	9
753186674	European Green movements	Emerged after World War II in response to growing ecological awareness; one of the most visible is the Green Party in Germany.	10
753186675	Existentialism	The idea that human beings simply exist, have no higher purpose, and must exist and choose their actions for themselves; mainly influenced by Nietzsche.	11
753186676	Gabriel Garcia Marquez	Latin American writer rejecting traditional form as unsuitable for representing reality; famous for his use of "magical realism;" Wrote One Hundred Years of Solitude.	12
753186677	George H.W. Bush	Republican president from 1989-1993 succeding Ronald Regan; involved in the Persian Gulf War, Operation Desert Storm and the recession in the 1990's.	13
753186678	Glasnot	"Openness;" policy introduced under Gorbachov in the Soviet Union of speaking openly about problems; ended party cencorship (and basically ended Communism too).	14
753186679	Gulf War	A War (1990-1991) that took place between Iraq and the U.S./Kuwait started by Iraq invading Kuwait; First non-containment based war since WWII; Often referred to as Operation Desert Storm.	15
753186680	Helmut Kohl	Chancellor of West Germany during the reunification of East and West Germany in 1990; Conservative.	16
753186681	Irish Republican Army	An unofficial military force of Irish nationalists who used terrorism and guerilla warfare to try to drive British forces from Northern Ireland and achieve a united independent Ireland.	17
753186682	Jackson Pollock	A twentieth-century American painter famous for his "abstract expressionist" paintings; used the drip technique/action painting- put a canvas on the ground and splattered/dripped paint.	18
753186683	Jimmy Carter	US President (Democrat)stressed human rights; because of the Soviet war in Afghanistan he enacted an embargo on grain shipments to USSR and boycotted the 1980 Olympics in Moscow; low point- Iran Hostage Crisis; signed SALT II (Second Strategic Arms Limitations Talks); Camp David Accords-negotiated peace between Israel and Egypt.	19
753186684	John Major	British statesman who was prime minister from 1990-1997 following Margaret Thatcher.	20
753186685	Karl Barth	A Swiss Protestant theologian who said people were sinful and that religious truth was made known to humans only through God's grace and people had to just accept God as true and be obedient; father of neo-orthodoxy.	21
753186686	Leonid Brezhnev	Seized power from Nikita Khrushchev after Cuban Misile Crisis and became leader of the Soviet Communist party in 1964; Ordered forces in to Afghanistan and Czechoslovakia.	22
753186687	Baader-Meinhof gang	Aka Red Army Faction (RAF); West German left-wing-radicals terrorist group in the 1970s and 1980s.	23
753186688	Maastricht Treaty	The treaty, signed in 1992, creating the European Union, the world's largest trading bloc, and moving to adopt a common currency (the Euro).	24
753186689	Margaret Thatcher	British Prime Minister from 1979-1990 pledged to limit social welfare, restrict the power of labor unions, and control inflation (Thatcherism); strong relationship with Reagan; supported NATO, allowed US to store missiles in England; one of the first Western leaders to act warmly toward reformer Gorbachev.	25
753186690	Mikhail Gorbachev	Soviet statesman from 1985-1991 whose foreign policy brought an end to the Cold War and whose domestic policy introduced major reforms; lost power after his reforms led to the collapse of Communist governments in eastern Europe.	26
753186691	Nicolae Ceausecu	Communist dictator of Romania; sharp drop in standard of living; refused to step down & was overthrown and executed.	27
753186692	Olivier Messiaen	French composer of the 20th century; rhythmically complex music based on modes of limited transposition and influenced by Catholicism; Quartet for the End of Time; fascinated with birdsong.	28
753186693	Perestroika	A policy initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev that involved restructuring of the social and economic status quo in communist Russia towards a market based economy and society.	29
753186694	Philip Glass	American composer; minimalist; made the scores for films; "Einstein on the Beach" was the most famous.	30
753186695	Red Brigades	A Marxist-Leninist terrorist organization in Italy that arose out of a student protest movement in the late 1960s; attacked political leaders and in 1978 kidnapped and murdered Aldo Moro (Italian premier).	31
753186696	Rene Levesque	Journalist; served as Premier of Quebec (Canada) 1976-1985; founded the Parti Quebecois, a political party that aims to make Quebec an independent French-speaking nation.	32
753186697	Ronald Reagan	US president (Repuplican) 1980-1988 labeled the Soviet Union as an "evil empire;" dramatically increased military spending; provided money and supplies to support the Afghan rebels in their war against the Soviet Union; increased National debt to one trillion; opened up communication with the USSR; told Gorbachev to take down the Berlin wall.	33
753186698	Stagflation	A period of slow economic growth and high unemployment (stagnation) while prices rise (inflation)- (ex.Nixon).	34
753186699	Vaclav Havel	Czech playwright that called for the independence of Czechoslovakia by 1989; became the first President of Czechoslavakia and the first President of the Czech Republic in 1993; Velvet Revolution- against Soviet Union (fall of Communism).	35
753186700	Vladimir Putin	Elected president of Russia in 2000 after Yeltsin; launched reforms aimed at boosting growth and budget revenues and keeping Russia on a strong economic track.	36
753186701	Yugoslavian division	Yugoslavia had various administrative divisions in different time periods; between 1945-1992 Yugoslavia was divided into 6 republics and two autonomous provinces: Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, Republic of Macedonia, and Kosovo.	37

1384963042	Tundra	treeless plains that are the coldest of all the biomes; occur in the arctic and Antarctica. lichens, mosses, sedges, and dwarfed shrubs Characterized by extremely cold climate, permanently frozen ground (permafrost), low angle of sunlight	0
1384963043	Savannah/grasslands	biome characterized by grasses and scattered trees in climates that receive less precipitation than some other tropical areas; occur in Africa, South America, and Australia. Large Herbivores	1
1384963044	Tropical Rainforest	most diverse and hottest terrestrial biome, biome near the equator with warm climate wet weather and lush plant growth; found in much of Central and South America. southern Asia, western Africa, and northeastern Australia includes a canopy	2
1384963045	Temperate Deciduous Forest	the biome characterized by warmer temperatures than the boreal forest and plenty of precipitation; forests of broad-leafed trees that shed their leaves in autumn; covers regions in southeastern Canada, and eastern United States; covers much of southeastern Canada, the eastern United States, and most of Europe	3
1384963046	Marine	oceans, saltwater.	4
1384963047	Taiga	biome just south of the tundra; it has long, cold winters ans small amounts of precipitation; characterized by a northern coniferous forest composed of pine, fir, hemlock, and spruce tree and acidic, mineral-poor topsoils, a cool forest biome of conifers in the upper Northern Hemisphere	5
1384963048	Desert	a biome characterized by low moisture levels and infrequent and unpredictable precipitation; daily and seasonal temperatures fluctuate widely; because of little rainfall that it supports only sparse and widely spaced vegetation or no vegetation at all	6

1889780384	What happens to countries after war?	When war ends, country will experience brif recession The economic cycle: prosperirty>recession>depression>Recovery x repeat	0
1889780385	What happened to Canada after WWI?	Canada experiences short term recession, not many jobs • Gov had promised them jobs after war, but nah • Unemployed as a man in the 1920's are depressed because patriarchy	1
1889780386	When did the Spanish Flu take place?	January 1918 - December 1920 aprox 3-5% world population died	2
1889780387	What were the causes of the Spanish flu?	Likely due to bad conditions of trenches, you know so many bad diseases and really unhygienic	3
1889780388	How was society (in Canada) different after WWI?	Societies are becoming more industrial Cities are growing and urban sprawl People working for wages	4
1889780389	How were labour laws right after WWI and during?	There weren't any labour laws But most poor people kept children at home because work work No minimum wages, vacation hours, no job safety laws, no max hours in a week With recession in Canada, less jobs, situation becomes worse^^ Employers are trying to take advantage of staff for $$$	5
1889780390	What are labor unions?	Groups of workers who are organized to together to demand better working conditions; they can go on strike or get more money.	6
1889780391	Did labor unions exist during 1918?	Yes they did, but weren't protected by law.	7
1889780392	What is strike action?	- This occurs when the labour union and the employer cannot reach and agreement on the terms of the employees' contract. A strike is a work refusal	8
1889780393	What are the advantages to labour unions?	• Employee protection • Fairer wages • Benefits at workplace are more fairly negotiated • Safety at the workplace becomes primary importance	9
1889780394	What are the disadvantages to labour unions?	• Cant opt out (reprecussions) • Majority rules • Encourages laziness • Wages are higher which hurts the company employes are interfere of strike (but really its cuz capitalism sucks )	10
1895017266	What was demanded for the Winnipeg General Strikes?	• Demanding things like 8 hour work day, higher wages, wanted their union to be recognized	11
1895017267	When did the Winnipeg General Strike begin and how many members did it have initially?	The Winnipeg General strike began in may 1919 with metal workers who were tired of poor working conditions and long hours • - 14 000 workers went on strike	12
1895017268	Who was involved/supported the Winnipeg General Strike?	• Taxi drives, milk delivery men, water ppl, police officers, post officers, fire fighters BUT it was started out by metal workers • Basically everyone working class joined this society	13
1895017269	What was life generally like during this time of striking and rights and stuff?	• Small strikes going on all across Canada • Big strike of 6 weeks • Socialism is new, democracy = NDP is big socialist party • Communism is similar but dictatorship and like gov does stuff	14
1895017270	What did the goverment do, in an attempt to control the strike?	• Army was called in, RCMP to help moniter the rioting with this strike Former soldiers who were unemployed after WWI were involved as well	15
1895017271	Why were ex-soldiers in particular an asset to the anti-strikers?	These ex-soldiers were desperate for jobs they were PROMISED (but never got) after war These protestors literally prevented everyone from going to work or getting a job	16
1895017272	What was the Citizen's Commitee?	• Figure out what to do with strikers and dishonor strikers • Convince society that striking is a bad idea • Publicized to general society that strikers were communists, Bolsheviks • Everyone was afraid of losing democracy • Rich people in communist revolution would falls, same with gov	17
1895017273	What was the number of participants in the Winnipeg General Strike after it grew?	The movement caught on quickly, before long over 25 000 workers in Winnipeg joined the strike - phone operators, hotels, restaurants, fire fighters, some policemen, newspapers, etc joined	18
1895017274	What were strikers doing?	• Strikers were mostly trying to shut down all the government run offices and business (post offices, court houses, parliament buildings, city hall etc.)	19
1895017275	What is Bloody Saturday? What happened?	• RCMP and ex soldiers were bought in • The mayor of Winnipeg read the riot act to protestors and asked federal police to clear the streets • Union leaders were arrested for disturbing peace and security • In the attempts to clear the streets two people were killed	20
1895017276	What was the date of Bloody Saturday?	• Saturday June 26th 1919	21
1895017277	Who was JS Woodsworth?	• JS Woodsworth was arrested at this time he will later form a new political party called the CCF( will become NDP)	22
1895017278	What happened to many of these strikers who were arrested?	• Many strike leaders will be elected in to the Winnipeg provincial government after being released from prison	23
1965646413	What happened during the roaring 20's?	The after effects of the war were starting to ware off, thus economy was improving.	24
1965646414	What are the five industries that will take off in Canada in the 20's ?	• Wheat • Hydro Electricity • Oil and Gas • Pulp and Paper • Mining	25
1965646415	How did the current situation in Europe benefit Canada?	• Att Europe is war torn France Russia Belgium, spent tons of money in war • Need to import wheat from Canada	26
1965646416	Why did Canadian wheat take off (besides european situation)?	• Canadian wheat became high demand, because of exporting out to Europe • Really good summers with a lot of rain at the time, naturally and consumer demand wise farmers were doing well • Prices of wheat were at an all-time high	27
1965646417	What happened in regards to hydro electricity?	• For hydro it grows because of niagra falls as a main source • But also in Ontario and Quebec began using various river s • Change from coal to hydro electric power, most business , in north America • End of 1920's most middle class are gonna have hydro electricity running into their homes • In 1920's hydroelectric power output is 2nd in the world	28
1965646418	How did technology benefit in the home?	• Household appliacnes get invented and popular: washing machine, fridge, etc	29
1965646419	What did cars cause?	• This is when cars were invented: when they became accessible to the average person, urban sprawl • Drastically increase the need for oil and gas	30
1965646420	What happened with oil and gas?	• Oil is referred to as black gold • A lot of oil speculators looking for oil, struck in rich in Alberta, but it exploded in flames • Foreign investment for oil supply pours into Alberta • Coals becomes obsolete and less demand, so some people get fired	31
1965646421	How did newsprint benefit Canadian forestry	• Canada has a lot of forestry, 1920's increasing demand for newsprint because people are becoming more literate as publicly funded free edu is becoming more possible • After WWI people want to keep up with world events • Need soft woods for newsprint like pine a lot of that in Canada	32
1965646422	What was the relationship between American Newspapers and Canadian wood?	• American has huge newspaper industries, enormous business, increasing numbers of people demanding newspaper and stuff, ready market for pulp and paper • So many were being sent out into the us, had to create a law to conserve for Canadian newspapers	33
1965646423	What were the downsides of increased American newsprint investments?	• Downsides: deforestation, chopping down trees fast, so cant grow back and no air to breathe, • Reliant too much on one industry screwing self over in long term • Also more jobs in us, a lot of people were moving to the us • Blue collars are swagging up, but not white color imma leave for us because population and money • More circulation of money and stuff, people are moving more toward into cash based economy	34
1965646424	How significant was Canada in regards to nickel production?	• Canada producing 80% of worlds nickel	35
1965646425	How did Canada's relatoinship with the US grow in regards to foreign investment?	• Few countries can do well without foreign investement • Prior to WWI britina was canadas largest foreign investor • British were not risk takers in Canada, did not trust us • After wwi it falled off, investment since eceonomy suffered after wwi • US becomes canadas biggest investor • Us invests differently, not gonna invest in the Canadian government • US invests in business	36
1965646426	What is the branch plant system?	• Create copies of US companies in canada • Do well in the us, but gonna bring to Canada, but no exec offices or descisions made in Canada just working level people • Use Canadian materials to create products in Canada, that way don't have to import products across border and tariffs suck as they were pretty high • Parent company in us, and branch in Canada,	37
1965646427	Opinions varied wildly about the branch plant system. What are some of its advantages?	- More lower end Canadian jobs - More options for Canadian people to buy and spend money - More spending - Foreign $ was needed in Canada therefore Canadian dollar goes up	38
1965646428	Opinions varied wildly about the branch plant system. What are some of its disadvantages?	- Takes away higher level Canadian jobs - Gives more money to America - Small businesses suffer, as us companies are large corporations - Dependencies on the us: if someone gets fired it sucks yeah	39
1968264583	Inventions: Describe broadcasting and radio at the time?	• People often listened to audio shows, sound effects, diff voices • Radios used to be earphone only, so had to take turns, but eventually speakers • This totally changed family life • People would just sit around and talk to each other	40
1968264584	Inventions: What was the relationship between US and Canadian broadcasting?	• Broadcasts were all American, Canadian society when the radio was invented, lots of American influence media wise on the Canadian public • No one understood how powerful media was, until 1930's when there was more of a push for Canadian stuff • First Canadian broadcast on radio was HOCKEY was famous in 20's to listen to hockey games	41
1968264585	Inventions: How did telephones revolutionize the 20's ?	• Telephones invented in brandford Ontario by Alexander graham bell • Operators just connect you to stuff and people you want to call, and listen in onto your ocnvo whoo early nsa • 1924 dial telephone was created • 1920 1 out of 4 fmilies had a telephone • Women with small fingers could flip all those switches, so they were hired??	42
1968231808	Inventions: Despite the fact that automobiles were invented BEFORE the 20's, why did they gain popularity in this decade?	• Existed prior to 1920s super duper expensive for average person • Took VERY long to make, 5000 parts, had to be super specialized to make car	43
1968264587	Inventions: How did Henry Ford revolutionize the automobile industry?	- Assembly line: process through which car was going to get made (Ford's idea) • Car would move along conveyer belt, a few inches every minute or so • Going to hire multiple workers, train each worker to fix one part of the car Unskilled labour, and stuff • Before everyone had to know how to make EVERYTHING • Now its just a little bit from a lot of people • Could also pay unskilled workers less, and mass produce cars • 15cm a minute	44
1968231810	Inventions: What affect did the popularity of cars have on society?	• Model T was the famous car, everyone had in 1920 • Create massive company called Ford Motors • Paved roads to sustain cars, gas stations must be added, road signs, traffic rules, maintenance centres: urban sprawl • Cost people around 400 which is 20 000 aprox now	45
1968231811	Inventions: Who invented insulin and why was this significant?	• Frederick Banting discovered insulin: Canadian doctor • Prior to 1920s if you had diabetes you would die, 20 million would die a year • Put in body to reverse the process of losing insulin	46
1968264590	Inventions: How did Banting discover this invention? What happened?	• Found a 14 year old boy, who parents were willing to test insulin out on boy Was successful and cured him, controlled the problem • 1920s receive nobel prize for medicine	47
1968264591	Inventions: What were movies mainly like prior to the 20's?	• Government made research commission documentaries or propaganda existed, but not really popular	48
1968231814	Inventions: What were silent movies like? How much did they typically cost?	• Movies in 1920s were called silent movies,didn't have sound • So a lot of slapstick humour and body language • Was also a live band to have sound effects Cost a nickel (see NICKELodian)	49
1970855190	What is the first movie with sound?	•The jazz singer is the first sound movie "talkies" flicker effect black and white	50
1970855191	Who were famous actors in this time?	•Charlie Chaplain, Mary Pickford (Canadian was famous in US too 1st woman to make 1 mill in one year)Douglas Fairbanks •Douglas and Mary got married, two of them created huge movie company Charlie chaplain was in on it and got rich •She was also into charity and becomes huge advocate in WWII for war effort	51
1970855192	Buying on Margin: What is the stock market?	A system of investment where companies encourage investors to buy shares of their company e.g. TSX - Toronto Stock Exchange, DOW Jones - New York	52
1970855193	Buying on Margin: What happened to the stock market because of economic prosperity during 20's?	Investments became popular, stock market most pop. form of inv.	53
1970855194	What is buying on margin?	when someone only pays for 10% or so of a stock investment, the broker puts the rest in. what happens is the broker is supposed to take out of the earnings of the stock over time but if the stock does not do well then the person owes the broker money-screws both of em over	54
1970855195	Buying on Margin: What happened as a result of buying on margin?	Bought stocks, automobiles, household appliances, etc Belief in 20s that stock market was safe option and that share prices would increase In reality was very risky and financially irresponsible	55
1970855196	Fashion: What was fashion like [for women] prior to the 20s?	•No pants and women wore skirts at their ankle In 1800s when people rose above the ankle people were outraged	56
1970855197	Fashion: What was a flapper?	•Flappers were fashionable rebellious women •Cut their hair short, went to beauty parlors, more makeup,jazz clubs, short skirts. rebelled against old ideals of beauty that women couldn't be desirable, must be daughters, mother, or wives, no in between	57
1970855198	Fashion: What were early societal attitudes towards flappers?	• flappers was scorned upon, being "easy", fast cars, drink alcohol (aka me) immoral and wild and uncontrollable (also me) stereotype •Flapper is a bird that doesn't know yet to fly, and is trying but not going anywhere •Most people believed that you had to be a good girl in order to attract the opposite sex - believed flappers were unattractive,unmarrieable	58
1970855199	Fashion: What were later societal attitudes towards flappers?	•After awhile this stereotype dissolved and flappers become for everyone, and revolutionize society	59
1977265709	Fashion: What were beauty parlors?	place for women to get their hair done, look good, became popular with rise of womens fashions.	60
1977265710	Social Movement/Famous Five: Who was Emily Murphy?	Journalist interested in politics Went by Janey Canuck (guy name) as a female journalist would not be taken seriously	61
1977265711	Social Movement/Famous Five: Who was Irene Parlby?	First female cabinet minister Canada's representative for League of Nations	62
1977265712	Social Movement/Famous Five: Who was Nellie McClung?	started the prohibition movement saw alcohol as a reason for family breakdown	63
1977265713	Social Movement/Famous Five: Who was Henrietta Edwards?	Changed laws through lobbying Created a group called the National Council of Women	64
1977265714	Social Movement/Famous Five: Who was Louise McKinney?	Started Women's Christian Temperance Union	65
1977265715	Social Movement: What was the persons case?	Under section 24 of British North America Act it stated that all persons could be appointed to senate Persons was vague, and assumed to be only for men	66
1977265716	Social Movement: What happened during the persons case? Part 1	All of the famous five signed a petition to lobby for women to be an eligible person to be appointed to senate This case went to Supreme Court of Canada (because dealt with changing of the constitution) but was ruled no (cough judges were mainly men cough)	67
1977265717	Social Movement: What happened during the persons case? Part 2	Five went to British Privy Council, which voted in favour and overturned supreme court's descision (women were already given this right in Britain) First woman senator was Cairine Wilson in 1930	68
1977265718	Social Movement: What happened with women in sports during the 20's-30's?	Gaining popularity ;however, not entirely supported Pseudo-science ATT said if women did too many sports would become masculine (which was unhealthy)	69
1977265719	Social Movement: Who was Fannie (aka Bobbie) Rosenfeld?	Journalist, also in 1928 olympics sets records in track and field, hockey, and tennis Voted #6 in athlete of the Century	70
1977265720	Social Movement: Who was Phylis Dewar?	Famous swimmer won 4 gold medals in British 1934 Olympics	71
1977265721	Social Movement: Who were the Edmonton Grads?	Female, Canadian, basketball team Won 93% of their games Won 49/51 titles World Champions 4 times	72
1977265722	What was prohibition?	The period from 1920 to 1933 when the sale of alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the United States by a constitutional amendment it ended with the ratification of the 21st Amendment.	73
1977265723	Who was Al Capone?	A mob king in Chicago who controlled a large network of speakeasies with enormous profits. His illegal activities convey the failure of prohibition in the twenties and the problems with gangs.	74
1977265724	Was there prohibition in Canada?	Varied based on provinces, but overall no. There was a large push for prohibition from women's movements Many US gangs smuggled Canadian alcohol to bring to US	75
1977265725	What was the Volstead act	It was the law passed to enforce prohibition. It allowed the IRS and Treasury department to enforce the law.	76
1977265726	The Great Depression: What were the five causes of the great depression?	1) Over production and over expansion 2) Canada's dependency on a few primary goods 3) Canada's dependency on the US 4) Buying on margin/credit 5) Immediate Cause: Stock Market Crash	77
1977265727	The Great Depression: Expand on over production and over expansion	There were excess goods and resulted in stock piling (where there are too many goods and not enough people buying them) The business owners are spending money faster than they were earning them Overexpansion: hiring too many people and investing more money into making the business grow	78
1977265728	The Great Depression: Give an example of over production and example from history?	E.g. In Oshawa, in the 1930s, GM produced 400 000 cars despite the fact that most Canadians already had cars They only sold 260 000, creating a surplus of 140 000 The automobile sector is going to have an impact on the economy since they have to lay off workers, buy less car parts, etc.	79
1977265729	The Great Depression: Expand on Canada's dependency on few primary goods	Depended heavily on foreign demand (Europe, US) In 1929, 1931, 1933-1937 huge drought farmers suffer Primary goods most affected were: Pulp and paper Minerals Wheat Since there was a drought, all the flour mills didn't do well, the railroad had less things to deliver Demand for wheat in the 1930s will diminish since European countries have already rebuilt themselves >decreased foreign demand and less farmer spending	80
1977265730	The Great Depression: Expand on Canada's dependence on the US	As of the 1920s, Canada was becoming very Americanized 65% of our imports were purchased from America and 40% of exports went out to the U.S. The U.S. economy slowed in the late 1920s The stock market crash crippled Canadian economy	81
1977265731	The Great Depression: Why was buying on margin being popular? What were its effects?	When the economy slowed down, people could not repay their debts and people got their stuff taken away from them E.g. A car would be taken away from its owner who can't pay and then the company would have to get someone to buy this used car When the great depression hit, most people lost everything they had	82
1977265732	The Great Depression: What happened with the stock market crash?	"Black Tuesday"October 29,1929. Everyone sold all their stocks at once out of fear (when noticed that economy was starting to take a hit) Most stocks dropped more than 50% of their original cost After the crash, the government imposed high tariffs on international trade so that he citizens would be encouraged to buy Canadian products (and then Canada would have more profit) As a result of only circulating Canadian money, the value of the CND will drop	83
1977265733	The Great Depression: What was the problem with Prime Minister Bennett and his idea of economics?	In the 1930s, many democratic governments did not understand the importance of helping the economy during times of high unemployment Need middle class and gov intervention to stimulate the economy	84
1977265734	The Great Depression: What did PM Bennett do?	Food stamps, but only for people w/ addresses (some didn't even apply bcuz shame of food stamps) Bennett's new deal -Promises building projects (roads, bridges) -Unemployment insurance etc, health insurance, labour laws -TOOOO LATEEE → loses to William Lyon Mackenzie	85
1977265735	The Great Depression: How was the west effected during the great depression?	The west was hit hardest by the Great Depression (the prairies/farmlands), causing farmers to be dependent on the food stamps At the time, there were also dust bowls in the prairies (basically giant rolling balls of dust) and it could destroy all farm land	86
1977265736	The Great Depression: What are Bennett Buggies and Bennet Burbs?	Bennett buggies"horse-drawn cars (car w/o engine) Areas with many people living in shacks/tents were called "Bennett Burghs"	87
1977265737	The Great Depression: Who were drifters/Hobos?	They were men who went from neighborhood to neighborhood looking for jobs These people could not afford train ride fares so they would steal into trains This was referred to as "riding the rails"	88
1977265738	The Great Depression: What were relief camps?	-Men felt it was forcing them to stay in poverty -Group of men tried to get them to increase it to 50cents a day from 20 cents a day oBennett gov. said no, men started a strike oRoad the rails to Ottawa from BC (over 2000 men joined the movement) ended in failure	89
1977265739	Describe the Canadian Communist Party	Leader Tim Buck a.Communism picks up when a lot of people are at the poverty line b.Got shut down for "plotting of illegal and violent methods to get into power" c.Bennett was very anti - communist	90
1977265740	Describe the CCF? Cooperative Commonwealth Federation	a.Socialism part i.Gov. spends money on helping working class ii.Extremely expensive iii.Believed in free election Leader is : James woodsworth -Gain support in regina, Saskatchewan area -Tommy Douglas → party is renamed NDP oBecomes premier of Sasketchawan, first province o have an NDP gov. oCreates a lot of human rights laws	91
1977265741	Describe the Social Credit Party	William Aberhart a."Bible Bill" → Baptist b.Wanted to give every family in Canada $25/month c." just print more money" i.$ value will drop d.Got elected into provincial government in Alberta, prov. Gov did not have the power to control the mint	92

Class Notes

Social Science

Math

Science

Fine Arts

Test Prep

Textbook Notes

Members Only

Forum

Blogs

Textbook Request

WHAP final review 20-40 Flashcards

AP US Government Chapter 12 Flashcards

Ch 29 Study Guide Flashcards

Biomes Flashcards

APUSH Chapter 27- Empire and Expansion Flashcards

1920's-1930's Flashcards

APUSH Ch 37 FDR and The Shadow of War, 1933-1941 Flashcards

Chapter 11 AP Biology Cell Communication PRACTICE TEST Flashcards

Mitosis Flashcards

Judiciary Flashcards

Pages

Need Help?

Need Notes?

About Course-Notes.Org

You are here

Pages

Need Help?

Need Notes?

About Course-Notes.Org