| 1910299170 | Ögödei | The son and successor of Genghis Khan who captured Tanggut and Jin China for the Mongol empire (1186-1241). | | 0 |
| 1910299631 | Genghis Khan | The title of Temüjin when he ruled over the Mongols (1206-1227) founder of Mongol empire. It means universal leader. | | 1 |
| 1921192641 | Mongols | A people living as nomads in northern Eurasia who established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan | | 2 |
| 1924780563 | Nomadism | A way of life forced by a scarcity of resources who rely off of agricultural cities to trade with. | | 3 |
| 1924794144 | Bubonic plague | A bacterial disease of fleas that can be transmitted by flea bites to rodents and humans. Later stages spread through coughing. High mortality and fast moving can wipe out populations. | | 4 |
| 1924807623 | Il-khan | A secondary or peripheral khan based in Persia that controlled most of Iran and Iraq. Il-khans founded by Hülegü, a grandson of Genghis. | | 5 |
| 1924812325 | Golden Horde | Mongol khanate founded by Genghis khan's grandson Batu, based in southern Russia and quickly adopted both the Turkic language and Islam. Also known as the Kipchak Horde | | 6 |
| 1924815592 | Yuan empire | Empire created in China and Siberia by Khubilai Khan | | 7 |
| 1924831262 | Timur | Member of a prominent family of the Mongols' Jagadai Khanate. Timur gained control over much of Central Asia and Iran through conquest. He reinforced the status of Sunni Islam as orthodox. His descendants, the Timurids, maintained his empire for nearly a century and founded the Mughal empire in India. | | 8 |
| 1924842012 | Alexander Nevskii | A prince of Novgorod who persuaded other princes to submit to the Mongols and gained the favor of the Mongols. The Mongols favored Novgorod and Moscow. (1220 or 1230-1263) | | 9 |
| 1924849883 | Tsar | Title for a monarch in Russia, first used in reference to a Russian ruler, Ivan III | | 10 |
| 1924989090 | Ottomans | after the fall of the Byzantine empire, the Ottoman Empire was based at Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) (1453-1922) | | 11 |
| 1937119439 | Iama | A Tibetan Buddhist leader and a spiritual leader. | | 12 |
| 1937168142 | Zheng He | An imperial eunuch and Muslim who was entrusted by the Ming emperor (Yongle) with a series of state voyages that took his ships from Southeast Asia to Africa. | | 13 |
| 1939362514 | Beijing | China's northern capital that was first used as an imperial capital in 906. | | 14 |
| 1939371236 | Kamikaze | The "divine winds" which were monsoons in Japan that drove out the Mongols when they attempted to invade Japan. | | 15 |
| 1939376572 | Yongle | The third emperor of Ming China who sponsored the building of the Forbidden City, an encyclopedia project, expeditions of Zheng He and reopening China's borders to trade. (1403-1424) | | 16 |
| 1939377939 | Khubilai Khan | last of the Mongol Great Khans and the founder of the Yuan Empire. (1215-1294) | | 17 |
| 1939393709 | Yi Kingdom | The Yi dynasty ruled Korea from the fall of the Koryo kingdom until Japan colonized Korea (1392-1910) CHECK YI EMPIRE?!?!?!?!?!?! | | 18 |
| 1939397536 | Ming Empire | Empire based in China that Zhu Yuanzhang established after the Yuan (1368-1644) | | 19 |
| 1939401727 | Ashikaga Shogunate | The second of Japan's military governments headed by a shogun. They took control of the imperial center of Kyoto. | | 20 |
| 1939404418 | Cottage industries | A business or manufacturing activity carried on in a persons home. | | 21 |
| 1939409278 | Manchuria | The northeast Asian people who founded the Qing Empire | | 22 |
| 1939410359 | Forbidden City | ???????? | | 23 |
| 1939411753 | Yi empire | ?!?!???!?!?!? | | 24 |
| 1939422829 | Moveable type | Type in which each individual character is cast on a separate piece of metal. It replaced woodblock printing and allowed for individual characters to be moved to form sentences. | | 25 |
| 1939423952 | Annam | A kingdom located in northern Vietnam that was an enemy of the Champa and culturally influenced by China. Eventually overtook the Champa to create Vietnam. ******* | | 26 |
| 1939425896 | Champa | A Cham kingdom located in current central and southern Vietnam. Controlled trade in spices and silk between China, India and Indonesia in the seventh through tenth centuries. Was the enemy of the Annam. | | 27 |
| 1939429407 | Steppe | Treeless plains, especially the high, flat expanses of northern Eurasia that usually have little rainfall and are covered with coarse grass. They are good for nomads and living on the steppes influenced the Mongols to build up their military which led them to controlling a vast amount of land. | | 28 |
| 1939439764 | Juvaini | A literary figure from Balkh who noted Genghis Khans deathbed speech. His support from the Il-Khan Hülegü resulted in the first comprehensive narrative of the rise of the Mongols under Genghis Khan. (d. 1283) | | 29 |
| 1939451940 | Rashid al-Din | Adviser to the Il-Khan ruler Ghazan. His work included the earliest known general history of Europe. (d. 1318) | | 30 |
| 1939463996 | Tax farming | A system for collecting taxes and other state revenues from the population. Used to maximize the extracted wealth from the population. | | 31 |
| 1939468152 | Ibn Khaldun | An Arab Muslim historiographer and historian from Tunisia considered to be a father of modern sociology, historiography and economics. (1332-1406) | | 32 |
| 1939477145 | Nasir al-Din Tusi | Persian mathematician and cosmologist whose academy near Tabriz provided the model for the movement of the planets that helped to inspire the Copernican model of the solar system. (1201-1274) | | 33 |
| 1939478916 | "Arabic" Numerals | The ten digits 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 & 0 believed to be created in Babylon and then adopted by Muslim Persians and Arab mathematicians in India. The Arabic numeral system is the most common symbolic representation of numbers today | | 34 |
| 1939488901 | Tropics | Equatorial region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. It is characterized by generally warm temperatures year-round (although variations of the climate exist due to altitude and other factors) | | 35 |
| 1939497768 | Ibn-Battuta | Moroccan Muslim scholar and the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote detailed accounts of his travels to the Islamic world from China to Spain and the western Sudan. (1304-1369) | | 36 |
| 1939506559 | Monsoon | Seasonal winds in the Indian Ocean caused by the differences in temperature between the rapidly heating and cooling land masses of Asia and Africa and the slowly changing ocean waters. Because of their predictability, the monsoons have been used for sea travel and the rain they bring allows for the cultivation of several crops a year. | | 37 |
| 1939512981 | Delhi Sultanate | The centralized Indian empire of varying extent that was created by Muslim invaders. (1206-1526) | | 38 |
| 1939515805 | Hunting, fishing and gathering | Methods used to secure food before or supplementing to agriculture | | 39 |
| 1939516608 | Farming | The activity or business of growing crops and/or raising livestock. Creates a food surplus that is needed for population growth in a civilization. | | 40 |
| 1939518542 | Gold | A yellow precious metal especially valued in for use in jewelry and decoration. Was a valued trading good. | | 41 |
| 1939526334 | Mali | Empire created by indigenous Muslims in western Sudan of west Africa from the thirteenth century to the fifteenth century. It was famous for its role in the trans-Saharan gold trade. | | 42 |
| 1939527741 | Delhi | ???????? | | 43 |
| 1939536635 | Mansa Kankan Musa | Ruler of Mali (ruled 1312-1337). His pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca in 1324-1325 established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world. | | 44 |
| 1939538442 | Gujarat | a Muslim ruled state in India that was captured by the Turko-Mongol leader Timur in 1398 | | 45 |
| 1939540351 | Raziya | The sultan of Delhi India from 1236-1240 who was the only woman ruler of both the Sultanate and the Mughal period. (1205-1240) | | 46 |
| 1939544395 | Dhow | A ship of small to moderate size used in the western Indian Ocean, traditionally with a triangular sail and a sew timber hull. | | 47 |
| 1939560665 | Junks | A very large flat bottom sailing ship produced in the Tang, Ming and Song empires. They were especially designed for long distance commercial travel | | 48 |
| 1939569512 | Swahili Coast | East African shores of the Indian Ocean between the Horn of Africa and the Zambezi river. Derives from the arabic word "sawahil" which means "shores" | | 49 |
| 1939576617 | Great Zimbabwe | A city now in ruins (in the modern African city of Zimbabwe) whose many stone structures were built between about 1250 and 1450, when it was a trading center and the capital of a large state. | | 50 |
| 1939581692 | Aden | Port city in the modern South Arabian country of Yemen. It has been a major trading center in the Indian Ocean since ancient times. | | 51 |
| 1939591927 | Malacca | Port city in the modern Southeast Asian country of Malaysia founded about 1400 as a trading center on the Straight of Malacca (also spelled Melaka) | | 52 |
| 1939599207 | Urdu | A Persian-influenced literary form of Hindi written in Arabic characters and used as a literary language since the 1300s. | | 53 |
| 1939612952 | Timbuktu | City on the Niger River in the modern country of Mali. Was founded by the Tuareg as a seasonal camp about 1000. As q part of the Mali empire, Timbuktu became a major terminus of he trans-Saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning. | | 54 |
| 1939614437 | Slaves | People who are the legal property of another person and who are forced to obey them. They helped increase food production and were sold across the slave trade. | | 55 |
| 1949951229 | Latin west | Historians name for the territories of Europe that adhered to the Latin rite of Christianity and used the Latin language for intellectual exchange in the period ca.1000-1500 | | 56 |
| 1949954462 | Serfs | In medieval Europe, an agricultural laborer legally bound to a lords property and obligated to preform set services to the lord. | | 57 |
| 1949962481 | Three-field system | A rotational system for agriculture in which one field grows grain, one grows legumes and one was planted with oats (which rejuvenated the land). It replaced the two field system in Europe. | | 58 |
| 1949965871 | Black Death | An outbreak of bubonic plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, killing vast numbers of people. | | 59 |
| 1949968924 | Water wheel | A mechanism that harnesses the energy in flowing water to grind grain or to power machinery. It was especially common in Europe from 1200-1900 | | 60 |
| 1949970177 | Mills | A building equipped with machinery for grinding grain into flour. Helped increase food production. | | 61 |
| 1949975676 | Hanseatic League | An economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany. Founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century. | | 62 |
| 1949976398 | European Jews | ???? | | 63 |
| 1949981571 | Guild | In medieval Europe, an association of men such as, merchants, artisans or professors, who worked in a particular trade and banded together to promote their economic and political interests. | | 64 |
| 1949992680 | Gothic Cathedrals | Large churches originating in twelfth century France, built in an architectural style featuring pointed arches, tall vaults, and spires, flying buttresses and large stained glass windows. | | 65 |
| 1950005632 | Renaissance (European) | A period of intense artistic and intellectual activity, said to be the "rebirth" of Greco-Roman culture. Usually divided into an Italian Renaissance (from about the mid fourteenth century to about the mid fifteenth century) and a Northern Renaissance (from about the fifteenth century to the seventeenth century) | | 66 |
| 1950011866 | Universities | Degree-granting institutions of higher learning. Those that appeared in the Latin west from about 1200 onward became the model of all modern universities. | | 67 |
| 1950019123 | Scholasticism | A philosophical and theological system, associated with Thomas Aquinas, devised to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy and Roman Catholic theology in the thirteenth century. | | 68 |
| 1950025397 | Humanists (Renaissance) | European scholars, writers and teachers associated with the study of the humanities (grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, languages and moral philosophy). Were influential in the fifteenth century and later. | | 69 |
| 1950030048 | Printing press | A mechanical device for transferring text or graphics from a woodblock or type to paper using ink. First appeared in Europe about 1450. | | 70 |
| 1950035428 | Great Western Schism | A division in the Latin (western) Christian church between 1378 and 1417, when rival claimants to the papacy existed in Rome and Avignon. | | 71 |
| 1950039155 | Hundred Years' War | Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families (1337-1453) | | 72 |
| 1950044325 | New monarchies | Historians term for the monarchies in France, England and Spain from 1450-1600. The centralization of royal power was increasing within more or less fixed territorial limits | | 73 |
| 1950051183 | Reconquest of Iberia | Beginning in the eleventh century, military campaigns by various Iberian Christian states to recapture territory taken by Muslims. In 1492 the last Muslim ruler was defeated and Spain and Portugal emerged as united kingdoms | | 74 |
| 1950060767 | Magna Carta | "Great Charter" a charter issued by King John of England on June 15, 1215. It was an attempt to make peace between the king and the rebel barons and it affirmed that monarchs were subject to established law, confirmed the independence of the church and the city of London, and guaranteed nobles' hereditary rights. | | 75 |
| 1950061933 | Pollution | The introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause change, often comes with industrial advancements. | | 76 |
| 1950070330 | Zheng He | An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean from Southeast Asia to Africa (1371-1433) | | 77 |
| 1950076899 | Arawak | Amerindian people's who inhabited the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean at the time of Columbus | | 78 |
| 1950085786 | Henry the navigator | Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa (1394-1460) | | 79 |
| 1950093974 | Caravel | A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and the Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic | | 80 |
| 1950094918 | Gold Coast | Region of the Atlantic coast of west Africa occupied by modern Ghana; names for its gold exports to Europe from the 1470s onward. | | 81 |
| 1950119893 | Treaty of Tordesillas | A treaty that divided lands outside Europe ,that were discovered by Columbus, between the Portuguese and the Spanish (signed June 7, 1494) | | 82 |
| 1950123490 | Bartolomeu Dias | A Portuguese nobleman and explorer who was the first European to sail around the southern tip of Africa (1451-1500) | | 83 |
| 1950125295 | Vasco da Gama | A Portuguese explorer who was the first European to reach India by sea (1460s-1524) | | 84 |
| 1950128399 | Christopher Columbus | A Spanish explorer who completed 4 voyages across the Atlantic (thanks to the Spanish monarchs' funding) and who initiated the Spanish colonization of the new world. (1450 or 1451-1506) | | 85 |
| 1950132532 | Ferdinand Magellan | A Portuguese explorer who organized the Spanish expedition to the East Indies, and the first circumnavigation of the world. (1480-1521) | | 86 |
| 1950134406 | Kongo | A former kingdom in west-central Africa, located south of the Congo river that was a trading center before it was invaded by Europeans. (Was independent 1390-1857) (was a vassal of the Portuguese 1857-1914) | | 87 |
| 1950141371 | Malindi | A Swahili settlement in east Africa that was a port city for bigger empires. The Portuguese established a trading post in Malindi in 1499 that served as a rest stop to India | | 88 |
| 1950144897 | Christian Ethiopia | ... | | 89 |
| 1971424088 | Malacca | A port city in the modern southeast Asian country of Malaysia that was founded about 1400 as a trading center on the Strait of Magellan | | 90 |
| 1971425191 | Conquistadors | Early sixteenth century Spanish adventurers who conquered Mexico, Central America and Peru. | | 91 |
| 1971434456 | Hernàn Cortés | A Spanish explorer who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec empire, killed Moctezuma II and gained land for Spain (1485-1547) | | 92 |
| 1971440477 | Moctezuma II | The last Aztec emperor who was killed by Hernàn Cortés. The conquest of central Mexico led to the fall of the Aztec empire. | | 93 |
| 1971450597 | Francisco Pizarro | A Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca empire (1471 or 1476-1541) | | 94 |
| 1971451580 | Atahualpa | The last ruling Inca emperor who was executed by the Spanish (1502-1533) | | 95 |
