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I. The Age of Exploration
A. Why it Matters
1. Crusades & Renaissance Europe looking beyond its borders
a. trade w/ Africa & Asia expanded
1). Ppl looked 4 easier routes 2 Asia Americas
B. First Visitors From Europe
1. ppl 50 yrs ago used 2 think Christopher Columbus 1st 2 discover Americas
2. 1st evidence o? Europeans 2 Americas
a. Vikings ? seagoing ppl 4om Scandinavia
b. 1963 ? Newfoundland rediscovered
1). Leif Erikson & 35 others sailed 4om Greenland 1001 AD
CHAPTER 5
LANGUAGE
Where are English-Language Speakers Distributed?
Key Issue #1
Where Are English Language Speakers Distributed?
Global distribution of language results from 2 geographic processes-interaction and isolation
Origin and diffusion of English
English is spoken by appx ? billion people as a first language & 2 billion people live in a country where English is an official language
English colonies
Origins of English
German invasions
Norman invasions
Summary Review of Chapters 1-4
Biology 1001
Chapter 1: Common Themes in the Study of Life
NOTE: We are focusing on Concept 1.1 and parts of 1.2 in the lecture
Concept 1.1: Common Themes in the Study of Life
The study of life reveals common themes. There are five (5) unifying themes in the study of biology. They are:
Organization
Information
Energy and Matter
Interactions
Evolution
Review of Chapter 11: Mendel and the Gene Idea
Gregor Mendel used the scientific approach to identify two laws of inheritance. He formulated a theory of inheritance based on experiments with garden peas, proposing that parents pass on to their offspring discrete genes that retain their identity through generations. This theory includes two ?laws.?
From Protest to Rebellion
A Dispute Over Tea
early 1770s ? protests quieted down
but colonists still unhappy
most Townshend Acts repealed ? Tea one stayed
many colonists drank unconsented taxed tea
The Tea Act
1773 British Parliament passed Tea Act 2 help British East India Company
Tea Act meant East India Company sold tea directly 2 colonies lowered prices but monopoly developed
Tea Act hurt colonial merchants smuggling Dutch tea
The Boston Tea Party
Trouble on the Frontier
Competing Empires
mid 1700s France & Britain controls lot o? North America
british needed farmland pushed Ohio River area (French area)
The French and Indian War Begins
1753 French building forts in btwn Lake Erie & Ohio River
alarmed Virginia colony (claimed) so sent 21 yr old surveyor George Washington
French rejected warning
George built fort Alleghony & Monongahela rivers @ Ohio River (Fort Necessity)
French building own fort there (Fort Duquesne)
Chapter 10 Section 3-4
The Age of Jackson
Adams and Jackson in Conflict
Andrew Jackson served 2 terms 1829-1837
20 yr period after after his inauguration: the Age of Jackson
wealthy by time he was Pres but started out poor
born in log cabin on border o? North & South Carolina
orphan by 14
survived smallpox as child & gunshot wounds as adult
during difficult march w/ troops 1812
1 soldier described him, ?tough as hickory?
became known as ?Old Hickory?
Chapter 4 Sections 1 & 2
Building a National Identity
The Era of Good Feelings
w/ end War 1812 Rep. took control fed gov
pres election 1816 victory Rep. James Monroe
Monroe beat Fed. Rufus King ? 183 to 34 electoral votes
Fed. party started 2 lose powa
Monroe wanted promo national unity
Spring & Summer 1817 goodwill circuit w/ middle & north o? country
while Monroe in Boston, local newspaper described national unity: ?Era of Good Feelings?
name described 2 terms Monroe
I. The Earliest Americans
A. The First Americans
1. various theories on how people arrived to the Americas
a. most agree they arrived on land
B. The Land Bridge Theory
1. 10,000 ? 100,000 yrs ago most world covered by glaciers
a. shallow h2o dry land
2. area btwn Siberia & Alaska (today is Bering Strait)
3. hunter-gatherers followed hunting animals over land bridge
a. 20,000-30,000 yrs ago
b. mammals like woolly mammoths
C. Other Theories
The Crisis Deepens
A New Antislavery Party
As Whig Party split 1854 north Whigs joined Republican Party 2 stop spread slavery into west
attracted northern Democrats & Free-Soil Party members
Republicans grew force & congressional elections 1854 few months after founding
245 candidates, 105 Republican
cost Democrats control all but 2 north state legislatures
2 yrs l8er 1856 Republican party chose John C. Fr?mont
waged strong antislavery campaign
won 11 of 16 free states
Buchanan elected
Growing Tensions Over Slavery
Slavery and the Mexican-American War
btwn 1820 & 1848 4 new slave states & 4 new free states admitted
15 free 15 slave total
The Wilmot Proviso
Missouri Compromise didn?t apply 2 territory gained 4om Mexico 1848
1846 Rep David Wimot Pennsylvania prop. Congress ban slavery in territories
Wilmot Proviso passed House Rep but failed Senate
aroused concern in South
An Antislavery Party
neither Democrats nor Whigs took stance 2 slavery
A Call for Women?s Rights
The Struggle Begins
1820 rights of USA women limited
couldn?t vote, serve on jury, attend college, enter medicine/law
married women couldn?t own property or keep wages
both men & women believed women belonged 2 privacy of home
women active in social reforms began 2 demand equal rights to all citizens
Sojourner Truth born into slavery in NYS
illiterate but important voice in woman?s rights
Lucretia Mott, Quaker abolitionist
Quakers allowed women 2 take public roles
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