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Improving Society
The Reforming Spirit
1830?s lots Americans interested in social reform
2 create a better society
based off political & religious beliefs
Jacksonian Democracy
expansion o? democracy called 4 reform
4om Jackson Age
most states dropped property requirement to vote
some reformers argued no society could have slaves and still b called ?democratic?
The Second Great Awakening
in colonial days, American Protestants believed in predestination
the idea God decided fate o? person?s soul b4 birth
The Plantation South
The Cotton Kingdom
north urbanized but south agricultural
industrial revolution boomed textile demand booming cotton demand
The Cotton Gin
1793 Eli Whitney devised simple machine sped up process o? cotton
spiked cylinder 2 remove seeds 4om cotton fibers
Slave Labor
1790 698,000 enslaved African Americans ? 1860: 4 million
slave price increased 10-20 times
cotton greatest source o? wealth in US
where there waz mo cotton (Alabama, Mississippi), mo slaves
Washington Takes Office
The First President
April 1789 GW traveled 4om VG NYC (cap)
8 day trip
inauguration hel April 30 1789
The Executive Branch
Cons. general outline 4 fed gov
entire fed gov was 75 post offices, few clerks, army 672 soldiers
1st job: instill working gov
Congress made 3 laws 2 set up 3 departments in exec. branch
Treasury, State, War ? secretaries appointed by pres
attorney appointed by pres 2 advise him/her
Alexander Hamilton ? secretary o? treasury
Governing a New Nation
Government by States
CC independence 1776 ? each o? 11 states began writing constitutions
Rhode Island & Connecticut cont. w/ colonial charters ? removed references 2 Brit king
Writing State Constitutions
state legislatures elected by ppl held powa
governor ? state?s exec.
legislatures approve appointing o? governors
some states still barred AAs from voting
even free ones
NJ allowed some women 2 vote until 1807
no voting in almost any other state
The War Widens
African Americans in the War
African Americans fought both sides o? war
Free and Slave
free AA & slaves took part in war
brits offered freedom 2 enslaved AA
most served as cooks, blacksmiths, teamsters
at first Washington refused AA soldiers
brit change in policy convinced Big G 2 change his policy
7000 AA altogether 4 American cause
2000 AA in navy
Freedom Beckons
lots o? north states 2k steps 2 end slavery
A Critical Time
Retreat From New York
mid-1776 heavy fighting 4om New England Middle Colonies
worst times during war 4 Continental Army
Attack and Retreat
June 1776 large Brit fleet arrived New York ? Sir William Howe
gathered forces on Staten Island on south harbor
Washington anticipated & had forces 4om Boston 2 Brooklyn on Long Island
but lost cuz of not well trained soldiers
Howe: 34,000 soldiers & 10,000 sailors
Washington: 20,000 poorly trained troops
A Nation Declares Independence
A Call For Independence
beginning 1776 most colonists still hoped 4 peaceful end 2 quarrel w/ Britain
Colonists Divided
beginning 1776 most colonists still neither Patriot/Loyalist
even in CC support 4 independence limited 2 1/3 delegates
John Adams found difficult 2 convince ppl 2 independence cause
complained loyalists used prospect independence 2 frighten ppl
Common Sense
January 1776 50 pg. pamphlet called Commen Sense published Philadelphia by Thomas Paine
I. The Age of Exploration
A. Why it Matters
1. Crusades & Renaissance Europe looking beyond its borders
a. trade w/ Africa & Asia expanded
1). Ppl looked 4 easier routes 2 Asia Americas
B. First Visitors From Europe
1. ppl 50 yrs ago used 2 think Christopher Columbus 1st 2 discover Americas
2. 1st evidence o? Europeans 2 Americas
a. Vikings ? seagoing ppl 4om Scandinavia
b. 1963 ? Newfoundland rediscovered
1). Leif Erikson & 35 others sailed 4om Greenland 1001 AD
Name______________________________________________________________Period______________
Chapter 2-Population
Key Issue 2: Where has the World?s Population Increased?
Rubenstein, pp. 53-55
1. Define each of the following:
a. crude birth rate (CBR)
Crude birth rate is the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
b. crude death rate (CDR)
Crude death rate is the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
c. natural increase rate (NIR)
World Population Data
Misha Bhakta
Answer the following questions.
To accurately determine the rate of increase for an individual country, what besides births and deaths should you consider?
To accurately determine the rate of increase one should consider the rate of birth and deaths of that particular country, per 1000 of the population of that country.
Some countries experience a great amount of emigration because of political and environmental factors. Name some countries that are in this category.
Due 2/7/16 Rubenstein Ch. 9 Development Key Issues 1 & 2: pg. 272 and 281 2015-2016
Key Issue 1:
Vocab:
1
Lecture 6
Structural Isomers ? Just how many structures can you make from a simple formula?
1. methane: CH4
C
H
H
H
H
CH4 C
H
H
H
H
condensed formula
2D formula 3D formula
methane
2. ethane: C2H6
Once the two carbons are connected, there are only six additional bonding sites and these are filled by the
six hydrogen atoms. Ethane is a saturated molecule. C2H6 is completely unambiguous.
C2H6
C
H
C
H
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