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US History

This is a survey course that provides students with an investigation of important political, economic, and social developments in American history from the pre-colonial time period to the present day. Students will be engaged in activities that call upon their skills as historians (i.e. recognizing cause and effect relationships, various forms of research, expository and persuasive writing, reading of primary and secondary sources, comparing and contrasting important ideas and events).

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US History
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Chapter 14 Section 3-4

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The Crisis Deepens A New Antislavery Party As Whig Party split 1854 north Whigs joined Republican Party 2 stop spread slavery into west attracted northern Democrats & Free-Soil Party members Republicans grew force & congressional elections 1854 few months after founding 245 candidates, 105 Republican cost Democrats control all but 2 north state legislatures 2 yrs l8er 1856 Republican party chose John C. Fr?mont waged strong antislavery campaign won 11 of 16 free states Buchanan elected The Dred Scott Decision March 18573 days after Buchanan took office US Supreme Court Dred Scott v. Sandford Dred Scott enslaved person owned U.S. Army doc lived in Illinois & Wisconsin slavery illegal both states after leaving army settled w/ Scott in Missouri

Chapter 14 Section 1-2

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Growing Tensions Over Slavery Slavery and the Mexican-American War btwn 1820 & 1848 4 new slave states & 4 new free states admitted 15 free 15 slave total The Wilmot Proviso Missouri Compromise didn?t apply 2 territory gained 4om Mexico 1848 1846 Rep David Wimot Pennsylvania prop. Congress ban slavery in territories Wilmot Proviso passed House Rep but failed Senate aroused concern in South An Antislavery Party neither Democrats nor Whigs took stance 2 slavery just wanted support from north and south 4 Pres 1848 Senator Lewis Cass Michigan prop. solution to allow ppl 2 vote directly popular sovereignty ? ppl decide directly w/out reps August 1848 antislavery Whigs & Democrats formed Free-Soil Party called 4 land 4om Mexican-American War 2 b free-soil

Chapter 12 Section 3-4

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A Call for Women?s Rights The Struggle Begins 1820 rights of USA women limited couldn?t vote, serve on jury, attend college, enter medicine/law married women couldn?t own property or keep wages both men & women believed women belonged 2 privacy of home women active in social reforms began 2 demand equal rights to all citizens Sojourner Truth born into slavery in NYS illiterate but important voice in woman?s rights Lucretia Mott, Quaker abolitionist Quakers allowed women 2 take public roles Lucretia Mott had a lot of experience in public organizing and speaking Seneca Falls Convention 1840 Mott traveled 2 London & attended international antislavery convention there she met Elizabeth Cady Stanton honeymooning w/ husband (delegate 2 conference)

Chapter 12 Section 1-2

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Improving Society The Reforming Spirit 1830?s lots Americans interested in social reform 2 create a better society based off political & religious beliefs Jacksonian Democracy expansion o? democracy called 4 reform 4om Jackson Age most states dropped property requirement to vote some reformers argued no society could have slaves and still b called ?democratic? The Second Great Awakening in colonial days, American Protestants believed in predestination the idea God decided fate o? person?s soul b4 birth leaders o? Second Great Awakening preached ppl?s own actions determined salvation blended easily w/ political ideas o? democracy & independence Charles Finney held 1st o? many revivals 1826 Utopian Communities Utopia book about fictional ideal society

Chapter 11 Section 3-4

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The Plantation South The Cotton Kingdom north urbanized but south agricultural industrial revolution boomed textile demand booming cotton demand The Cotton Gin 1793 Eli Whitney devised simple machine sped up process o? cotton spiked cylinder 2 remove seeds 4om cotton fibers Slave Labor 1790 698,000 enslaved African Americans ? 1860: 4 million slave price increased 10-20 times cotton greatest source o? wealth in US where there waz mo cotton (Alabama, Mississippi), mo slaves where there waz less cotton (Kentucky), less slaves society dominated by plantation owners living in luxury mo then half south farmers had no slaves grew corn & raised hogs and chickens Defending Slavery many feared lose control o?re AA would mean riots & violent uprisings

Chapter 8 Section 1-2

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Washington Takes Office The First President April 1789 GW traveled 4om VG NYC (cap) 8 day trip inauguration hel April 30 1789 The Executive Branch Cons. general outline 4 fed gov entire fed gov was 75 post offices, few clerks, army 672 soldiers 1st job: instill working gov Congress made 3 laws 2 set up 3 departments in exec. branch Treasury, State, War ? secretaries appointed by pres attorney appointed by pres 2 advise him/her Alexander Hamilton ? secretary o? treasury Thomas Jefferson ? secretary o? state Henry Knox ? secretary of war group became (the cabinet) Establishing the Judiciary const. called 4 judicial branch ? Judiciary Act 1789 supreme court o? 6 justicies then 3 circuit courts & 13 district courts John Jay 1st chief o? Justice o? Supreme Court

Chapter 7 Section 1-2

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Governing a New Nation Government by States CC independence 1776 ? each o? 11 states began writing constitutions Rhode Island & Connecticut cont. w/ colonial charters ? removed references 2 Brit king Writing State Constitutions state legislatures elected by ppl held powa governor ? state?s exec. legislatures approve appointing o? governors some states still barred AAs from voting even free ones NJ allowed some women 2 vote until 1807 no voting in almost any other state u had 2 b white male 21 yrs or older & own some property 2 vote Protecting Rights Virginia hipster 4 Bill of Rights in its constitution last clause guaranteed freedom o? religion NY did same Mass. allowed freedom o? religion but retained official church

Chapter 6 Section 3-4

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The War Widens African Americans in the War African Americans fought both sides o? war Free and Slave free AA & slaves took part in war brits offered freedom 2 enslaved AA most served as cooks, blacksmiths, teamsters at first Washington refused AA soldiers brit change in policy convinced Big G 2 change his policy 7000 AA altogether 4 American cause 2000 AA in navy Freedom Beckons lots o? north states 2k steps 2 end slavery Pennsylvania law 1780 allowed ppl 2 keep slaves but preventing more 4om being sold The War at Home many men enlisted in military could leave set term civis subject 2 food shortages & military attack Women took many o? mens? duties planted crops, care 4 livestock, ran businesses some women cared 4 wounded on battlefield Deborah Sampson joined army disguised as man

Chapter 6 Section 2

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A Critical Time Retreat From New York mid-1776 heavy fighting 4om New England Middle Colonies worst times during war 4 Continental Army Attack and Retreat June 1776 large Brit fleet arrived New York ? Sir William Howe gathered forces on Staten Island on south harbor Washington anticipated & had forces 4om Boston 2 Brooklyn on Long Island but lost cuz of not well trained soldiers Howe: 34,000 soldiers & 10,000 sailors Washington: 20,000 poorly trained troops British beat Washington?s troops out o? Brooklyn August 1776 Washington had 2 abandon NYC September 1776 Nathan Hale during fight 4 NY he was Connecticut Officer volunteered 4 spy duty 2 collect info about Brit battle plans Long Island caught & executed ? ?I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.?

Chapter 6 Section 1

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A Nation Declares Independence A Call For Independence beginning 1776 most colonists still hoped 4 peaceful end 2 quarrel w/ Britain Colonists Divided beginning 1776 most colonists still neither Patriot/Loyalist even in CC support 4 independence limited 2 1/3 delegates John Adams found difficult 2 convince ppl 2 independence cause complained loyalists used prospect independence 2 frighten ppl Common Sense January 1776 50 pg. pamphlet called Commen Sense published Philadelphia by Thomas Paine broad support 2 American independence called King George III ?royal brute? ridiculed idea o? being ruled by kings Americans better off if governed themselves 500,000 copies sold btwn Jan & July 1776 George Washington, ?Common Sense is working a powerful change in the minds of men.?

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