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World History

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Cross-Cultural Exchanges on the Silk Roads

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Kinberg, Nicholas Michael Chakmakian AP World History 17 July 2015 Chapter 12 Outline Cross-Cultural Exchanges on Silk Roads 139 BC, Chinese emperor Han Wudi sent envoy Zhang Qian towest of China Purpose was to find allies who could fight Xiongnu, menaced north/west of Han From captives, learned nomads in west hated Xiongnu, reasoned they might ally Problem was that to comm., had to pass thru lands ctrl'd. By nomads After Zhang Qian left Han, Xiongnu captured him 10 yrs., held him: allowed him to keep servant, provided him with wife, had son Suspicions subsided, Qian escaped with fam./servant Kept yak tail that Han Wudi gave him as sign of ambassadorial status Fled west/traveled to Bactria, didn't get allies

Mediterranean Society: The Roman Phase

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Kinberg, Nicholas Michael Chakmakian AP World History 15 July 2015 Chapter 11 Outline Mediterranean Society: Roman Phase 55, Romans transported prisoner Paul of Tarsus from port Caesarea in Palestine to Rome Party boarded ship loaded with grain/carrying 276 ppl. Departed in fall, after sailing season which ran from May to Sep., ran into storm 2 wks., worked to keep ship afloat, jettisoning baggage, tackle, cargo to lighten load Ship ran aground on island Malta, waves destroyed it Ppl. Survived, spent 3 months on Malta before catching another ship to Rome Paul became embroiled in dispute between Jews/Christians Christianity emerged as sect of Judaism accepted by small # of ppl. Who regarded Jesus of Nazareth as savior for Jews

Mediterranean Society: The Greek Phase

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Kinberg, Nicholas Michael Chakmakian AP World History 14 July 2015 Chapter 10 Outline Mediterranean Society: Greek Phase Homer composed poems in ancient Greece, Iliad/Odyssey Scholars know that bards recited poems before Homer in 750 BC Homer was name for anon. Scribes who committed Iliad/Odyssey to writing Epics attributed to him influenced classic Greek thought/lit. Iliad offered Greek perspective on campaign waged by Greek warriors against city Troy in Anatolia during 12th BC Odyssey recounted exp's. Of Greek hero Odysseus traveling home after Trojan War 2 works testified to normality of travel, comm., interaction in Mediterranean basin during 2nd/1st millennia BC; portrayed Greeks as expert seamen

State, Society, and the Quest for Salvation in India

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Kinberg, Nicholas Michael Chakmakian AP World History 13 July 2015 Chapter 9 Outline State, Society, Salvation in India Earliest description of India came from Greek ambassador Megasthenes Diplo. Of Seleucid emperor, lived in India during 4th/3rd BC, traveled in north India His book, Indika, was lost, survives in Greek/Latin lit. Wrote of ants size of foxes that mined gold from earth/def'd. From humans who tried to steal; only by distracting them with meat could humans steal Reported humans with no mouth who survived by breathing odors of fruits, flowers, roots, others with feet pt'ing. Back/8 toes/foot, heads of dogs, comm'ing. With barks Portrayed India as fertile land that supported 2 harvests of grain/yr.

The Unification of China

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Kinberg, Nicholas Michael Chakmakian AP World History 11 July 2015 Chapter 8 Outline Unification of China 99 BC, Chinese imperial officers sentenced historian Sima Qian to castration 10 yrs., Qian worked on project inherited from father, history of China Brought him prominence at imperial court; def'd. Dishonored gen., attracted danger Emperor was angry, learned Qian expressed opinions that contradicted his opinion 1k's underwent voluntary castration in China to pursue careers as eunuchs Elites appointed eunuchs because they didn't sire fam's./couldn't build power Still came to wield influence in elite fam's. Sentenced to castration, Chinese men avoided penalty using suicide

The Empires of Persia

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Kinberg, Nicholas Michael Chakmakian AP World History 10 July 2015 Chapter 7 Outline Formation of Classic Societies, 500 BC ? 500 1, prominent societies were Persia, China, India, Mediterranean basin China/India depended on rice, millet, wheat, Persia/Mediterranean depended on wheat China, earth/wood were used for public buildings; India, wood was used; Persia/Mediterranean, architects designed buildings of brick/stone Silk roads linked China/Euro Persia Struggle between Cyrus, leader of Persia, Croesus, ruler of kingdom Lydia in southwest Anatolia; Croesus noted Persian influence/asked Greek oracle at Delphi if to go to war Oracle responded that attacking Cyrus would destroy a kingdom 546 BC, Croesus seized a town, provoking Cyrus

Early Societies in the Americas and Oceania

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Kinberg, Nicholas Michael Chakmakian AP World History 7 July 2015 Chapter 6 Outline Americas/Oceania 9/683 BC, Maya man Chan Bahlum grasped obsidian knife/cut 3 slits into penis Inserted paper into slits from bark to encourage blood flow Brother Kan Xul did this too, fam. Drew blood from Bloodletting was act of piety performed as Chan Bahlum presided over funeral for father Pacal, king of Maya city Palenque in Yucatan peninsula Maya believed shedding of royal blood was needed for survival Chan Bahlum succeeded father as king of Palenque Maya opened wounds with obsidian knives, stingray spines, bones Men drew blood from penis, women drew from tongue Both sexes drew blood from earlobes, lips, cheeks, pulled cords thru wounds

Early Society in East Asia

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Kinberg, Nicholas Michael Chakmakian AP World History 23 June 2015 Chapter 5 Outline East Asia Sage-kings, Yao, Shun, Yu, created China Yao was associated with mt., modest, sincere, respectful Brought harmony to fam., society, China Shun succeeded Yao/ordered 4 seasons/instituted weights, measures, units of time Yu, rescued China from flooding Yellow River Before Yu, ppl. Tried to ctrl. Yellow River by building dikes River was too large; Yu dammed River; dredged river to deepen channel/minimize floods, dug canals parallel to river so that water would flow safely Yu worked for 13 yrs. Without returning home Passed gate to home/heard fam. Crying, still worked Made it possible to cultivate rice/millet, became hero Founded Xia dynasty, 1st rulers of China

Early Societies in South Asia

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Kinberg, Nicholas Michael Chakmakian AP World History 17 June 2015 Chapter 4 Outline Societies in South Asia Told by Aryans, Indra was alone Aryans were herding ppl. Who spokeIndo-Euro lang./migrated to south Asia >1500 BC Took Indra as chief deity/sang hymns in his honor War between gods/demons; gods were flagging, appointed Indra as leader, turned tide Indra brought rain to earth; fought dragon who lived in sky/hoarded waterin clouds Indra slaked thirst withsoma, hallucinogenic potion consumed by Aryan priests, attacked dragon, killed by hurling thunderbolts Dragon?s fall caused turmoil on earth/atmosphere, rains filled 7 rivers that flowed in north India/brought it to ppl. Aryans took Indra as leader against earth/heaven forces

Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

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Kinberg, Nicholas Michael Chakmakian AP World History 14 June 2015 Chapter 3 Outline African Societies/Bantu Migrations 3k yrs., Egyptian embalmers preserved deceased thrumummification Greek historian Herodotus traveled in Egypt in 450 BC/explained craft Embalmer used metal hook to draw brain out thru nostril/removed organs thru incision made in abdomen, washed them in palm wine, sealed them with preservatives in stone vessels Washed body, filled it with spices/aromatics, covered for 2 months with natron, salt Natron extracted moisture, embalmer cleansed body/wrapped it with linen covered with resin; adorned with jewelry, went into coffin bearing painting of deceased

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