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World History

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Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections

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Kinberg, Nicholas Michael Chakmakian AP World History 5 August 2015 Chapter 22 Outline Transoceanic Encounters/Global Connections 7/8/1497, Portuguese mariner Vasco da Gama led 4merchant vessels with 170 out Lisbon Destination was India, planned to reach by sailing to Africa thru Indian Ocean Carried letters from king of Portugal, gold, pearls, wool textiles, bronzeware, iron tools to trade for pepper/spices Sailed south from Portugal to Cape Verde Islands off west coast of Africa, took supplies 8/3/1497, went southeast into Atlantic to take advantage of winds 95 days, sailed thru 6k nautical mi.; 10/1497, found south west winds in south Atlantic, rounded Cape of Good Hope, enteredIndian Ocean

Worlds Apart: The Americas and Oceania

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Kinberg, Nicholas Michael Chakmakian AP World History 3 August 2015 Chapter 21 Outline Americas/Oceania 11/1519, Spaniards entered Tenochtitlan, capital of Aztec empire Spanish camefor gold; after conquest of Aztec, Bernal Diaz del Castillo, soldier in Spanish army, described Tenochtitlan at hi. Pt. City sat in Lake Texcoco, connected to land by 3 causeways, had canals to travel in Imperial palace had armory with swords, lances, knives, bows, arrows, slings, armor, shields, attracted Diaz; aviary included eagles, hawks, parrots, jaguars, mt. lions, wolves, foxes, rattlesnakes in zoo Sig. were markets/temples of capital Markets astonished him because of size, goods, order

Western Europe during the High Middle Ages

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Kinberg, Nicholas Michael Chakmakian AP World History 2 August 2015 Chapter 20 Outline West Euro during Hi. Middle 1260, 2 brothers Niccolo/Maffeo Polo traveled from Venice toConstantinople Were jewel merchants, while in Constantinople, went east Went to Soldaia, modern Sudak, near Caffa on Black Sea, then to trading cities Sarai/Bulghar on Volga River War broke/prevented them from returning, joined caravan east Spent 3 yrs. Incentral Asian trading city Bokhara, received invitation to join diplo. Embassy going to court of Khubilai Khan Traveled by caravan, khan received them/inquired about land, rulers, religion Khubilai wanted to learn about Catholicism, wanted to maintain harmony in empire Asked them to return to Euro/request pope to send theo?s.

States and Societies of Sub-Saharan Africa

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Kinberg, Nicholas Michael Chakmakian AP World History 31 July 2015 Chapter 19 Outline States of Sub-Saharan Africa Lion prince Sundiata, 13th-century founder of Mali empire in westAfrica Oral traditions include stories, histories, epics transmitted by singers/storytellers known in Africa as griots; scholars collected African oral traditions in 1950 Sundiata?s father ruled west African kingdom in northeast known as Guinea Sundiata had bad childhood, defective leg crippled him King died, enemies invaded/killed royal offspring, sparing child because they thought his condition would prevent him from threatening them Overcame injury, learned how to use bow/arrow, hunted in forest Enemiesbegan to fear him, forced him to seek refuge in neighboring kingdom

Nomadic Empires and Eurasian Integration

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Kinberg, Nicholas Michael Chakmakian AP World History 29 July 2015 Chapter 18 Outline Cross-Cultural Interaction, 1000-1500 Nomads toppled postclassic. States, Song in china/Abbasid insouthwest Asia Nomad Turks/Mongols laid foundation for trade/comm. 1350, merchants, diplo?s., missionaries traveled between Italy/China Trade in Indian Ocean promoted cross-cultural comm?s. Maritime trade built stability, econ., pop. Growth 14th, marinerscalled at ports in Indian Ocean from southeast Asia to India, Ceylon, Arabia, east Africa, sea-lanes in South China Sea offered access to southeast Asia, China, Japan, Korea >11th, cargoes had timber, coral, steel, building materials, grains, dates Pop. Growth, agriculture, econ. Underwrote dev. Of sub-Saharan Africa/west Euro

The Foundations of Christian Society in Western Europe

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AgiKinberg, Nicholas Michael Chakmakian AP World History 27 July 2015 Chapter 17 Outline Foundations of Christianity in West Euro 802, traveler went from Baghdad to Aachen, in Germany,capital of west Euro empire ruled by Charlemagne Was albino elephant, diplo. Gift from Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid to Charlemagne Elephant, named Abu al-Abbas, born in India/went to Baghdad as present from Indian king; Accompanied embassy to Syria, traveled by ship to Beirut to Malta/Rome, went overland north to Charlemagne; died in 810 Charlemagne was hostile to Islam Battle of Tours, 732, grandfather Charles Martel defeated Muslims that went to Frankish territory after they conquered Iberian peninsula Charlemagne fought Muslims in north Spain 1 battle provided story inSong of Roland

India and the Indian Ocean Basin

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Kinberg, Nicholas Michael Chakmakian AP World History 26 July 2015 Chapter 16 Outline India/Indian Ocean Basin Buzurg ibn Shahriyar was 10thshipmaster from Siraf, port city on PersianGulf Sailed to Arabia/India, went to Malaya, islands of southeast Asia, China, east Africa 953, compiled 136 stories inBook of the Wonders of India Told of giant lobster that seized ship?s anchor/dragged vessel thru water, mermaids/sea dragons, creaturesborn form human fathers/fish mothers who lived in society/had flippers that enabled them to swim thru water life fish, serpents that ate cattle/elephants, birds so large they crushed houses, monkey that seduced sailor, talking lizard 1 story recounted king from north India who converted to Islam/requested translations of Islamic law

The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

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Kinberg, Nicholas Michael Chakmakian AP World History 23 July 2015 Chapter 15 Outline Resurgence of Empire in East Asia 7th, emperor of china forbade ppl. To travel beyond China intocentral Asia 629, Buddhist monk went west; name was Xuanzang, destination India Edu?d. in Confucianism, followed brother into monastery, converted to Buddhism Studied Sanskrit, noticed Chinese writings on Buddhism contained teachings that were confusing toIndian Buddhist texts Traveled to India, visited holy sites, studied with Buddhist teachers His guide abandoned him in Gobi desert After losing water, went to oasis town Turpan on silk roads Buddhist ruler of Turpan supplied him

The Expansive Realm of Islam

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Kinberg, Nicholas Michael Chakmakian AP World History 21 July 2015 Chapter 14 Outline Islam 632, prophet Muhammad visited native city Mecca from home in exile at Medina Hajj, holypilgrimage to Mecca, draws Muslims to Saudi Arabia, yr?ly. 9th, pilgrimage became popular, Muslim rulers met needs of travelers With approach of pilgrimage season, last month of Islamic lunar calendar, crowds gathered at trade centers in Baghdad, Damascus,Cairo Lived in tent cities, surviving on resources given by gov?t Muslim rulers invested in roads, wells, cisterns, lodgings that accommodated pilgrims, castles/police that protected travelers Muslim rulers/wealthy made gifts to caravan

The Commonwealth of Byzantium

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Kinberg, Nicholas Michael Chakmakian AP World History 19 July 2015 Chapter 13 Outline Postclassic. Era, 500 ? 1000 East Mediterranean survived as Byzantine empire, only empire thatoutlasted classic. Southwest Asia, Arabs inspired by Islam overcame Sasanid empire China, Sui/Tang dynasties restored authority India, authority devolved into regional kingdoms West Euro, rule returned during 8th/9thunder Carolingian empire Econ. Difficulties/invasions brought it down: led to decentralized west Euro Postclassic. Was time of econ. Growth in east hemisphere Trade increased, manufacturers produced goods just for export Increased trade facilitated bio., tech, commercial exchanges: crops migrated, improved irrigation/farming spread in Eurasia

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